• Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration. (scielo.br)
  • Satellite cells are essential for skeletal muscle regeneration:the cell on the edge returns centre stage. (scielo.br)
  • Regeneration of muscle after injury normally occurs rapidly with satellite stem cells that reside in the space between the basal lamina and the sarcolemma, playing a major role [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Satellite cells and skeletal muscle regeneration, Compr. (copernicus.org)
  • 1 2 Residing outside the sarcolemma but within the basal lamina of individual myofibers is a population of cells that are responsible for muscle repair and regeneration, the satellite cells. (arvojournals.org)
  • 6 These manipulations result in satellite cell activation and proliferation, which in turn are responsible for muscle repair and regeneration. (arvojournals.org)
  • in vivo proliferation of these satellite cells will then contribute to repeated regeneration and further therapeutic effect by increasing the amount of healthy muscle fiber.To treat a muscular disease which is caused by the defect of interstitial protein, we aim to achieve therapeutic effect by supplementing the insufficient protein in the interstitial tissue through transplant of mesenchymal stromal cells generated from the iPS Cell Stock. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
  • Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)
  • Collectively, this study provides the first evidence that transient levels of the evolutionarily conserved factor RACK1 are critical for adult SC activation and proper skeletal muscle regeneration, favoring the efficient progression of SC from a committed to a fully differentiated state. (sdbonline.org)
  • Therefore, medications that can prevent the progression of muscle atrophy or promote muscle regeneration are in high demand. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Considering that reinnervation of the TA muscle can occur even after UVFP through these anastomoses, it would be ideal if drugs that promote nerve regeneration could be used to treat UVFP. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Satellite cells (SCs), which are precursors of skeletal muscles, such as the TA muscle, play a key role in muscle homeostasis and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SCs are normally in a quiescent state in adult muscles, and start proliferating during muscle regeneration in response to denervation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells are regulated by a number of extracellular signals ( Wang & Rudnicki, 2012 Wang YX, Rudnicki MA. (scielo.br)
  • A number of different local transcription factors called myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), including MyoD, myf-5, myogenin, and myf-6, stimulate proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, insulin, such as growth factor (IGF) 1Ea and/or IGF-1Ec (MGF), also stimulates proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Further compounding the loss in function with age is preferential loss of cross-sectional area of stronger and faster contracting type II muscle fibers [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Recently, two independent models, one from rodents and the other from insects, have demonstrated that nuclei are not lost from skeletal muscle fibers when they undergo either atrophy or programmed cell death. (frontiersin.org)
  • Satellite cells help to repair and regenerate muscle fibers. (acupunctureofiowa.com)
  • 3 When a muscle is injured, this specialized cell population becomes activated, divides, and either repairs damaged fibers or forms new myofibers. (arvojournals.org)
  • As cell transplant therapy for muscular dystrophy, we envisage regenerating and repairing damaged muscle fibers by transplanting skeletal muscle stem cells generated from our iPS Cell Stock for Regenerative Medicine. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
  • RACK1 was expressed transiently in the skeletal muscle of post-natal mice, being abundant in the early phase of muscle growth and almost disappearing in adult mature fibers. (sdbonline.org)
  • After acute injury in muscle of both mouse and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (used as alternative in vivo model) this study found that RACK1 accumulated in regenerating fibers while it declined with the progression of repair process. (sdbonline.org)
  • Until recently, scientists thought this meant that nuclei - the cell control centers that build and maintain muscle fibers - are also lost to sloth. (robert-gorter.info)
  • Two independent studies - one in rodents and the other in insects - have demonstrated that nuclei are not lost from atrophying muscle fibers, and even remain after muscle death has been initiated. (robert-gorter.info)
  • A fundamental aspect of skeletal myogenesis involves extensive rounds of cell fusion, in which individualmyoblasts are incorporated into growing muscle fibers. (huji.ac.il)
  • WASp-family elements appear therefore to act as universal mediators of the myogenic cell-cell fusion mechanism underlying formation of functional muscle fibers, in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. (huji.ac.il)
  • There is a longstanding belief that a given nucleus controls a defined volume of cytoplasm, so when a muscle grows (hypertrophy) or shrinks (atrophy), the number of myonuclei change accordingly. (frontiersin.org)
  • Acupuncture is effective for the alleviation of denervated skeletal muscle atrophy. (acupunctureofiowa.com)
  • The results of the aforementioned research indicates that acupuncture is an effective treatment modality for skeletal muscle atrophy. (acupunctureofiowa.com)
  • Effect of electroacupuncture on denervated skeletal muscle atrophy and expression of IGF-1/PI3K/AKT in rats [J]. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 2018,38(12):1311-1317. (acupunctureofiowa.com)
  • Experimental study of rat denervated skeletal muscle atrophy [J]. Journal of Shanghai Medical University, 1999, 26(4): 265-268. (acupunctureofiowa.com)
  • This assumption long seemed valid, with many researchers reporting the presence of disintegrating nuclei in muscle tissue during atrophy induced by inactivity, injury or paralysis. (robert-gorter.info)
  • Muscles get damaged during extreme exercise, and often have to weather changes in food availability and other environmental factors that lead to atrophy. (robert-gorter.info)
  • We previously reported that local administration of bFGF 1 month after recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis compensated for atrophy of the thyroarytenoid muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As increased neuromuscular junctions are expected to maintain myofiber volume, bFGF administration may prevent thyroarytenoid muscle atrophy in the mid to long term. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These treatments provide only static adjustment to the larynx, and their effects may be limited by the remaining hoarseness due to progressive atrophy of the paralyzed thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Physical activity is known to prevent muscle atrophy, improve or boost metabolic activity, improve respiratory function, and positively impact muscles regarding strength, endurance, and stability. (apeironzoh.com)
  • MyoD, also known as myoblast determination protein 1, is a protein in animals that plays a major role in regulating muscle differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although MyoD marks myoblast commitment, muscle development is not dramatically ablated in mouse mutants lacking the MyoD gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The function of MyoD in development is to commit mesoderm cells to a skeletal myoblast lineage, and then to regulate that continued state. (wikipedia.org)
  • Setdb1 appears to be necessary to maintain both MyoD expression and also genes that are specific to muscle tissues because reduction of Setdb1 expression results in a severe delay of myoblast differentiation and determination. (wikipedia.org)
  • Evidence for this model is that reduction of Setdb1 results in direct inhibition of myoblast differentiation which may be caused by the release of the unknown MyoD inhibitor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human skeletal myoblast are differentiated using Skeletal Muscle Differentiation Medium (cat# SKM-D) for at least 6 days. (zen-bio.com)
  • Analysis both in vivo and in primary satellite-cell cultures, shows that disruption of N-WASp function does not interfere with the program of skeletal myogenic differentiation, and does not affect myoblast motility, morphogenesis and attachment capacity. (huji.ac.il)
  • Researchers at the Fujian Provincial Research Institution of Traditional Chinese Medicine conclude that acupuncture reduces muscle cell death while promoting the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells. (acupunctureofiowa.com)
  • Upon increasing culture times in chicken´s primary skeletal muscle satellite cells, SULF1 and SULF2 expression in 1-week-old chickens was significantly higher than in 2-week-old chickens, suggesting that sulfatases play a key role in satellite cell development. (scielo.br)
  • ZenBio offers human primary skeletal myoblasts from a variety of donors, including obese donors with Type 2 diabetes. (zen-bio.com)
  • Cell Stem Cell 2013;13(5):590-601. (scielo.br)
  • Meat science and muscle biology symposium: stem cell niche and postnatal muscle growth, J. Anim. (copernicus.org)
  • MyoD is expressed at extremely low and essentially undetectable levels in quiescent satellite cells, but expression of MyoD is activated in response to exercise or muscle tissue damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • high MyoD expression represses cell renewal, promotes terminal differentiation and can induce apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • MyoD was cloned by a functional assay for muscle formation reported in Cell in 1987 by Davis, Weintraub, and Lassar. (wikipedia.org)
  • The researchers expressed the complementary DNA (cDNA) of the murine MyoD protein in a different cell lines (fibroblast and adipoblast) and found MyoD converted them to myogenic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • MyoD may also regulate muscle repair. (wikipedia.org)
  • MyoD mRNA levels are also reported to be elevated in aging skeletal muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the main actions of MyoD is to remove cells from the cell cycle (halt proliferation for terminal cell cycle arrest in differentiated myocytes) by enhancing the transcription of p21 and myogenin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus MyoD enhances its own activity in the cell in a feedforward manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sustained MyoD expression is necessary for retaining the expression of muscle-related genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • MyoD is also an important effector for the fast-twitch muscle fiber (types IIA, IIX, and IIB) phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
  • KAP1 is localized at muscle-related genes in myoblasts along with both MyoD and Mef2 (a myocyte transcription enhancer factor). (wikipedia.org)
  • Once the "master controller" MyoD has become active, SETDB1 is required to maintain MyoD expression within the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Setdb1 depleted myoblasts that are treated with exogenous MyoD, myoblastic differentiation is successfully restored. (wikipedia.org)
  • MyoD has also been shown to function cooperatively with the tumor suppressor gene, Retinoblastoma (pRb) to cause cell cycle arrest in the terminally differentiated myoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • All superior and inferior rectus muscles from both globes were examined for BrdU incorporation, MyoD expression, neonatal and developmental myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression, and myofiber cross-sectional area alterations. (arvojournals.org)
  • In the resected muscle and in the passively stretched antagonist muscle, there was a dramatic increase in the number of myofibers positive for neonatal MyHC and in the number of BrdU- and MyoD-positive satellite cells. (arvojournals.org)
  • Their fate is regulated by the expression of various transcription factors, including paired box 7 (Pax7) and myogenic differentiation (MyoD) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bober E, Franz T, Arnold HH, Gruss P, Tremblay P. Pax-3 is required for the development of limb muscles:a possible role for the migration of dermomyotomal muscle progenitor cells. (scielo.br)
  • Skeletal muscle contains a number of different progenitor cells, including satellite and mesenchymal progenitor cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Regarding the former, we use progenitor cells differentiated from iPS cells as a source for cell transplantation, and evaluate therapeutic effects with disease-model animals. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
  • There is a general agreement that hypertrophy is accompanied by the addition of new nuclei from stem cells to help the muscles meet the enhanced synthetic demands of a larger cell. (frontiersin.org)
  • Irradiation treatment, which eliminates satellite cells from these muscles, prevents the compensatory hypertrophy in these types of experiments. (arvojournals.org)
  • The purpose of this brief review is to discuss whether or not ambulatory exercise elicits leg muscle hypertrophy in older adults. (researchgate.net)
  • In addition, slow-walk training with a combination of leg muscle blood flow restriction elicits muscle hypertrophy only in the blood flow restricted leg muscles. (researchgate.net)
  • Competitive marathon running and regular high intensity distance running in young and middle-aged adults may not produce leg muscle hypertrophy due to insufficient recovery from the damaging running bout, although there have been no studies that have investigated the effects of running on leg muscle morphology in older subjects. (researchgate.net)
  • It is clear that skeletal muscle hypertrophy can occur independently of exercise mode and load. (researchgate.net)
  • MicroRNA-133 controls brown adipose determination in skeletal muscle satellite cells by targeting Prdm16. (scielo.br)
  • We examined the acute effects of different dietary protein sources (0.19 g, dissolved in 1 ml of water) on skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and hypothalamic satiety-related markers in fasted, male Wistar rats (~250 g). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Higher amounts of whey versus egg protein stimulate the greatest post-treatment anabolic skeletal muscle response, though test proteins with higher amounts of WPH more favorably affected post-treatment markers related to adipose tissue lipolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle development. (scielo.br)
  • This study will provide a theoretical reference for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle development in goats. (koreascience.kr)
  • The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of early bFGF administration on the thyroarytenoid muscle after RLN transection and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both miRNAs and siRNAs need to be delivered into the target tissue or cell in order to activate the desired therapeutic effect," Muthiah Manoharan, Ph.D., senior vp, drug discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, explained. (genengnews.com)
  • However, since there are many different non-muscle cell populations that reside within the tissue, these experiments cannot easily distinguish true myonuclei from those of neighboring mononuclear cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body. (frontiersin.org)
  • Skeletal muscle is a complex tissue composed of thousands of individual multinucleated myofibers. (arvojournals.org)
  • The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
  • GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
  • It's actually a special type of tissue in your body, where cells are fused together extra close - so close, that they behave a like a giant single cell. (robert-gorter.info)
  • To determine their possible roles in tissues and satellite cells in vitro, their expression pattern was examined in tissues from 40-day-old chickens and in satellite cells from the breast muscles of 1-week-old and 2-week-old chickens using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry analyses. (scielo.br)
  • 10 Even more compelling is a recent study that subjected individual quiescent satellite cells isolated from adult limb muscle to stretching in vitro, and showed that direct stretching of the satellite cells themselves results in activation and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. (arvojournals.org)
  • Regarding the latter, we use iPS cells established from somatic cells taken from patients as a tool for drug discovery, by making study on the model construction in order to reproduce disease states in vitro. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
  • We make research on how to induce highly efficient differentiation of adult skeletal muscles. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
  • The formation of skeletal muscle:from somite to limb. (scielo.br)
  • 7 8 9 In fact, passive stretching alone can activate limb muscle satellite cells. (arvojournals.org)
  • Gene expression of Hanwoo satellite cell differentiation in longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus, Bmc Genomics, 20, 156, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5530-7, 2019. (copernicus.org)
  • Günther S, Kim J, Kostin S, Lepper C, Fan CM, Braun T. Myf5-positive satellite cells contribute to Pax7-dependent long-term maintenance of adult muscle stem cells. (scielo.br)
  • Morgan and Partridge note that skeletal muscle satellite cells "are normally quiescent in adult muscle, but act as a reserve population of cells, able to proliferate in response to injury and give rise to regenerated muscle and to more satellite cells. (acupunctureofiowa.com)
  • It is considered postmitotic, in that the myonuclei residing within these myofibers do not divide in adult muscle. (arvojournals.org)
  • Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 2012;13(2):127-33. (scielo.br)
  • The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology 35, no. 8 (2003): 1151-1156. (acupunctureofiowa.com)
  • Heart, bone and even placenta are built on these networks of cells," says Lawrence Schwartz, Professor of Biology at the University of Massachusetts. (robert-gorter.info)
  • As such, the findings have important implications beyond understanding muscle biology. (robert-gorter.info)
  • Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
  • Isolation and culture of individual myofibers and their satellite cells from adult skeletal muscle. (scielo.br)
  • When activated by injury, satellite cells reenter the cell cycle and proliferate in response to extracellular growth factors ( Relaix & Zammit, 2012 Relaix F, Zammit PS. (scielo.br)
  • Muscle growth is accompanied by the addition of new nuclei from stem cells to help meet the enhanced synthetic demands of larger muscle cells," explains Schwartz. (robert-gorter.info)
  • When skeletal muscle is injured due to physical or chemical insult, a pool of self-renewing muscle stem cells residing within the skeletal muscles, called satellite cells, can give rise to differentiated myofibers to repair injured muscle ( Charge & Rudinicki, 2004 Chargé SBP, Rudnicki MA. (scielo.br)
  • Studies previously conducted show that HS negatively affects the skeletal muscle growth and development by changing its effects on myogenic regulatory factors, insulin growth factor-1, and heat-shock proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • Skeletal muscle is an important site of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and often the site of insulin resistance in obesity. (zen-bio.com)
  • Cell Metabolism 2013;17(2):210-24. (scielo.br)
  • True acupuncture produced superior patient outcomes including improvements in muscle strength, quadriceps angles, thigh circumference, knee range of motion, and Lysholm scores. (acupunctureofiowa.com)
  • Understanding the effects of strabismus surgery on muscle cell biological reactions and myofiber remodeling may suggest new approaches for improving surgical outcomes. (arvojournals.org)
  • In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)
  • As well, many older individuals suffer from sarcopenia, a protracted muscle wasting disorder that typically begins after the age of 50 and involves a loss of about 1% of muscle mass per year ( Woo, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This decreases risk for various chronic diseases by eliminating damaging proteins, improving strength, and increasing muscle mass. (apeironzoh.com)
  • A common treatment for motility disorders of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) is a resection procedure in which there is surgical shortening of the muscle. (arvojournals.org)
  • Myogenic differentiation was verified by immunohistochemical staining using antibodies to desmin and myosin. (zen-bio.com)
  • L1s exert their function as structural elements in the genome, as transcribed RNAs to influence chromatin structure and as retrotransposed elements to shape genomic variation in somatic cells. (sciencegate.app)
  • Inducible depletion of satellite cells in adult, sedentary mice impairs muscle regenerative capacity without affecting sarcopenia. (scielo.br)
  • Significant loss of muscle mass may occur in cachexia and sarcopenia, which are major causes of mortality and disability. (mdpi.com)
  • These adverse changes in muscle quantity, muscle quality, and the resulting functional deficits are referred to under a common name of "sarcopenia. (hindawi.com)
  • 4 ] used the relative skeletal muscle mass index which is calculated by normalizing appendicular skeletal muscle mass, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, to height squared in meters to diagnose sarcopenia. (hindawi.com)
  • The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) recommends diagnosis of sarcopenia based on the presence of low muscle mass and low muscle strength or low physical performance [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • For the purposes of this paper, we define sarcopenia as originally defined by Rosenberg [ 3 ], an age-related loss of muscle, and view the functional aspects of the most recent definitions as consequences of sarcopenia. (hindawi.com)
  • The dynamics of RACK1 levels in isolated adult SC of mice, i.e., progressively high during differentiation and low compared to proliferating conditions, and RACK1 silencing indicated that RACK1 promotes both the formation of myotubes and the accretion of nascent myotubes. (sdbonline.org)
  • But modern cell-type-specific dyes and genetic markers have shown that the dying nuclei other researchers had detected were in fact inflammatory and other cells recruited to atrophic muscle. (robert-gorter.info)
  • A single, early local administration of high-dose bFGF prevented atrophic changes in the thyroarytenoid muscles by activating satellite cell proliferation and reforming neuromuscular junctions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aging is related to changes in muscle quantity and quality [ 1 ], both of which have important implications for functional performance [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Further functional studies revealed that CAMK2B promoted the proliferation and inhibited the differentiation of goat muscle satellite cells, whereas si-CAMK2B restored the function of miR-188-5p inhibitor. (koreascience.kr)
  • Gros J, Manceau M, Thomé V, Marcelle C. A common somitic origin for embryonic muscle progenitors and satellite cells. (scielo.br)
  • These bHLH (basic helix loop helix) transcription factors act sequentially in myogenic differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • First, the expression of miR-188-5p in goat muscle tissues at different developmental stages was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). (koreascience.kr)
  • Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)
  • Here we demonstrate that N-WASp, a ubiquitous nucleation-promoting factor of branched microfilament arrays, is an essential contributor to skeletal muscle-cell fusion in developing mouse embryos. (huji.ac.il)
  • We also investigate the possibility to reproduce the disease state of muscular dystrophy by culturing differentiation-induced skeletal muscle with the physical stress culturing system. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
  • This led to the assumption that a given nucleus controls a defined volume of cytoplasm - so that when a muscle shrinks or 'atrophies' due to disuse or disease, the number of myonuclei decreases. (robert-gorter.info)
  • Human primary cultured skeletal myoblasts can directly reflect a patient's metabolic phenotype, because many of the signaling pathways are maintained intact. (zen-bio.com)
  • The changes of differentiation marker gene expression were detected by qPCR method. (koreascience.kr)
  • The addition of BrdU-positive myonuclei increased from 1 per 1000 myofibers in cross sections of control muscles to 2 to 3 per 100 myofibers in the resected muscles. (arvojournals.org)
  • Both active and passive stretch of the rectus muscles produced by strabismus surgery dramatically upregulated the processes of satellite cell activation, integration of new myonuclei into existing myofibers, and concomitant upregulation of immature myosin heavy chain isoforms. (arvojournals.org)
  • These residual 'myonuclei' allow more and faster growth when muscles are retrained - suggesting that we can "bank" muscle growth potential in our teens to prevent frailty in old age. (robert-gorter.info)
  • During adolescence muscle growth is enhanced by hormones, nutrition and a robust pool of stem cells, making it an ideal period for individuals to "bank" myonuclei that could be drawn upon to remain active in old age. (robert-gorter.info)
  • Firstly, loss of dGLYAT suppressed scrib depletion- or Egr overexpression-induced JNK pathway activation and invasive cell migration. (sdbonline.org)
  • One is cell transplantation and the other is drug development. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
  • Circular transcripts of the testis-determining gene Sry in adult mouse testis, Cell, 73, 1019-1030, https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90279-y, 1993. (copernicus.org)
  • The effects of selection of pigs on growth rate vs leanness on histochemical characteristics of different muscles, J. Anim. (copernicus.org)