Skeletal muscle stem terminal differentiation progenitor satellite cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

They showed that opposing gradients of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Nodal, two transforming growth factor family members that act as morphogens, are sufficient to induce molecular and cellular mechanisms required to organize, in vivo or in vitro, uncommitted cells of the zebrafish blastula animal pole into a well-developed embryo. (wikipedia.org)

One example is the transformation of iris cells to lens cells in the process of maturation and transformation of retinal pigment epithelium cells into the neural retina during regeneration in adult newt eyes. (wikipedia.org)
Using genetic tools to conditionally abrogate C/EBPβ expression in Pax7 + cells, we examined the role of C/EBPβ in self-renewal of satellite cells during muscle regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
After a single muscle injury, C/EBPβ-deficient satellite cells fail to self-renew resulting in a reduction of satellite cells available for future rounds of regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
After a second round of injury, muscle regeneration is impaired in C/EBPβ conditional knockout mice compared to wild-type control mice. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings demonstrate that C/EBPβ is a novel regulator of satellite cell self-renewal during muscle regeneration acting at least in part through Notch2. (biomedcentral.com)
Further, C/EBPβ-deficient SCs are unable to self-renew after muscle injury leading to a reduction in the SC pool such that it cannot efficiently support muscle regeneration after a second round of injury. (biomedcentral.com)
Skeletal muscle regeneration is regulated by coordinated activation of multiple signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
However, the role of individual arms of the UPR in skeletal muscle regeneration remain less understood. (elifesciences.org)
Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α or XBP1 in mice diminishes skeletal muscle regeneration that is accompanied with reduced number of satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
Finally, targeted ablation of IRE1α also reduces Notch signaling, abundance of satellite cells, and skeletal muscle regeneration in the mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (elifesciences.org)
Collectively, our experiments suggest that the IRE1α-mediated signaling promotes muscle regeneration through augmenting the proliferation of satellite cells in a cell non-autonomous manner. (elifesciences.org)
The findings shed new light on mechanisms of regeneration of healthy myofibers after severe tissue injury and suggest interplay between these fibers and muscle satellite cells though mechanisms remain to be elucidated. (elifesciences.org)
However, the mechanisms of muscle regeneration are not yet fully understood. (elifesciences.org)
Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)
Collectively, this study provides the first evidence that transient levels of the evolutionarily conserved factor RACK1 are critical for adult SC activation and proper skeletal muscle regeneration, favoring the efficient progression of SC from a committed to a fully differentiated state. (sdbonline.org)
Hence, dysregulation of ABPs leads to muscle atrophy characterized by loss of mass, strength, quality, and capacity for regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
This improvement can be attributed to the synergistic effects of mechanotransduction, facilitating the cellular response to mechanical cues and the alignment of fibrillated collagen, which plays a significant role in modulating cellular functions and promoting muscle tissue regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
The results demonstrated the effectiveness of combining mechanical stimulation through blade casting with 3D bioprinting in promoting aligned cell structures, enhancing cellular functions, and driving muscle tissue regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
Research in the Tidball lab is directed toward understanding processes that regulate skeletal muscle wasting and regeneration. (ucla.edu)
Exploring the mechanisms through which the immune system can modulate skeletal muscle wasting, injury, regeneration and growth is a particular focus of the lab. (ucla.edu)
Other NIH-funded investigations in our lab explore epigenetic mechanisms through which an anti-aging protein called Klotho affects myogenesis and muscle regeneration in neonatal and aging muscle. (ucla.edu)

Persistent expression of C/EBPβ upregulates Pax7, inhibits MyoD, and blocks myogenic differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
The embryonic AMPs are at the origin of all adult fly muscles and, as we demonstrate here, they express repressors of myogenic differentiation and targets of the Notch pathway known to be involved in muscle cell stemness. (biologists.com)

We find that C/EBPβ can regulate Notch2 expression and that restoration of Notch activity in myoblasts lacking C/EBPβ prevents precocious differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
When overexpressed in the murine myoblast cell line C2C12 or in primary myoblasts, C/EBPβ reduced MyoD and other myogenic protein levels during differentiation, in addition to reducing myoblast fusion. (biomedcentral.com)
Loss of C/EBPβ in SCs results in precocious differentiation at the expense of self-renewal in both primary myoblasts and myofiber cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
We also demonstrate that the transcriptional regulator PRDM16 (PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing 16) controls a bidirectional cell fate switch between skeletal myoblasts and brown fat cells. (bioseek.eu)
Conversely, ectopic expression of PRDM16 in myoblasts induces their differentiation into brown fat cells. (bioseek.eu)
A blade-casting method in conjunction with bioprinting was employed to fabricate bioengineered skeletal muscle constructs using a bioink composed of C2C12 myoblasts and collagen type-I. Various printing process parameters were selected and optimized to achieve a highly organized cell alignment within the constructs. (bvsalud.org)

Feeding with amino acids can stimulate protein synthesis in all tissues, especially in skeletal muscle as reviewed by Davis et al. (nature.com)
The epidemic of obesity, closely associated with increases in diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cancer and other disorders, has propelled a major interest in adipose cells and tissues. (bioseek.eu)
Adipose tissues contain two distinct types of fat cells, white and brown. (bioseek.eu)
The manipulation of fat stores is an obvious therapeutic dream, but disruption of the normal differentiation or development of white adipose tissues (WAT) causes ectopic lipid storage and severe pathology (lipodystrophy) in both humans and experimental animals. (bioseek.eu)
The light must be absorbed by the endogenous chromophores of cells or tissues for actions. (biomedcentral.com)
The 4DMT customized and evolved vectors were invented for low dose delivery via clinically routine, well-tolerated, and minimally invasive routes of administration, and efficient transduction of cells in target tissues, with reduced immunogenicity and resistance to pre-existing antibodies. (meetingonthemesa.com)
Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
A central aspect is then the ability to optimize the functional properties with high spatial resolution, creating materials that are able to control the interaction with the biological surrounding at the nanoscale thus guiding the responses of biomolecules, cells and tissues. (european-mrs.com)

Cell culture experiments indicated that Gln could promote cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, but expression of myogenesis regulatory genes was not altered. (nature.com)
This comprehensive review summarizes the recent studies that have unveiled the role of ABPs in actin cytoskeletal dynamics, with a particular focus on skeletal myogenesis and diseases. (bvsalud.org)
This provides insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate skeletal myogenesis via ABPs as well as research avenues to identify potential therapeutic targets. (bvsalud.org)
Moreover, this review explores the implications of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) targeting ABPs in skeletal myogenesis and disorders based on recent achievements in ncRNA research. (bvsalud.org)

After injury, mature terminally differentiated kidney cells dedifferentiate into more primordial versions of themselves and then differentiate into the cell types needing replacement in the damaged tissue Macrophages can self-renew by local proliferation of mature differentiated cells. (wikipedia.org)
Proliferating, BrdU-positive cells in muscle sections were detected with immunohistochemistry indicating different cell types and decreasing proliferation with age. (nature.com)
More proliferation was observed in muscle tissue of LBW-GLN than LBW-ALA piglets at 5 dpn, but there was no clear effect of supplementation on related gene expression. (nature.com)
Overall, Gln supplementation stimulated cell proliferation in muscle tissue and in vitro in myogenic cell culture, whereas muscle growth regulatory genes were barely altered. (nature.com)
WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)
Low power laser irradiation (LPLI) promotes proliferation of multiple cells, which (especially red and near infrared light) is mainly through the activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the initiation of cellular signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell proliferation is a very important physiological effect for low power laser irradiation (LPLI) used in clinical practice. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by LPLI are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, a large number of signaling proteins reported play an important key role in the process of LPLI-induced cell proliferation, probably due to the fact that the molecular events they are involved in are the basic response of the cells to extracellular stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
The resulting cell-aligned constructs demonstrated remarkable improvement in actin filament alignment and cell proliferation compared with conventionally printed cell-laden constructs. (bvsalud.org)

This meant that the cells can change their differentiation pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α dampens Notch signaling and canonical NF-κB pathway in skeletal muscle of adult mice. (elifesciences.org)
dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
Firstly, loss of dGLYAT suppressed scrib depletion- or Egr overexpression-induced JNK pathway activation and invasive cell migration. (sdbonline.org)
The download Hanging Sam: A Military Biography of General of Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Proteins( IGFBPs) phase 50 response pathway good research with reviewed N cell and C formation enzymes binding for conjugating Insulin like Growth Factors I and II( IGF I and IGF II). (evakoch.com)

There he worked with Dr. Max D. Cooper (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Academy of Sciences) and his research focused on cell surface proteins expressed by preB cells that regulate B cell maturation and homing. (ubc.ca)
He performed some of the first studies to identify transcription factors that regulate the gene expression and differentiation of eosinophils, which are known to play a major role in allergic and asthmatic responses. (ubc.ca)
His laboratory has followed two primary interests: 1) the transcription factor networks that regulate fate determination in various cells that make blood, and 2) the cell surface proteins expressed by hematopoietic stem cells that and allow them to communicate with their microenvironment. (ubc.ca)
CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate cellular growth and differentiation, metabolism, and inflammation [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, revealing how ncRNAs regulate ABPs will allow diverse therapeutic approaches for skeletal muscle disorders to be developed. (bvsalud.org)

Moreover, they can make this transition even in the absence of noticeable injuries and are capable of replenishing entire gastric units, in essence serving as quiescent "reserve" stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Postnatal growth and repair of skeletal muscle relies upon a population of quiescent muscle precursor cells, called satellite cells that can be activated to proliferate and differentiate into new myofibers, as well as self-renew to replenish the satellite cell population. (biomedcentral.com)
In Drosophila , a population of muscle-committed stem-like cells called adult muscle precursors (AMPs) keeps an undifferentiated and quiescent state during embryonic life. (biologists.com)

There his work focused on transcriptional control of hematopoietic stem cell maturation and cell fate. (ubc.ca)
In addition, he identified a number of novel hematopoietic stem cell surface proteins and began analyzing their function. (ubc.ca)
In this regard, his lab has identified a novel family of hematopoietic cell surface proteins, called the CD34 family, and shown that these are essential for a number of developmentally important processes. (ubc.ca)

Significant loss of muscle mass may occur in cachexia and sarcopenia, which are major causes of mortality and disability. (mdpi.com)

The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is expressed in Pax7 + satellite cells of healthy muscle and is downregulated during myoblast differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
We find that loss of C/EBPβ leads to precocious differentiation at the expense of self-renewal in primary myoblast and myofiber cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together, these data indicate that PRDM16 specifies the brown fat lineage from a progenitor that expresses myoblast markers and is not involved in white adipogenesis. (bioseek.eu)

This capacity to regenerate does not decline with age and may be linked to their ability to make new stem cells from muscle cells on demand. (wikipedia.org)

The cell membrane is really a viscous fluid-like matter which includes several lipids, cholesterol, and inserted proteins. (globaltechbiz.com)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
LPLI-induced cell cycle progression can be regulated by the activation or elevated expressions of cell cycle-specific proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Muscle homeostasis is regulated by multiple cytoskeletal proteins and myogenic transcriptional programs responding to endogenous and exogenous signals influencing cell structure and function. (bvsalud.org)
Since actin is an essential component in cytoskeleton dynamics, actin-binding proteins (ABPs) have been recognized as crucial players in skeletal muscle health and diseases. (bvsalud.org)
Examples include finding proteins indicating cardiac problems or looking for circulating tumour cells that can indicate the spread of cancer. (50webs.com)

The balance between differentiation and self-renewal is critical to maintain muscle tissue homeostasis, and alterations in this equilibrium can lead to chronic muscle degeneration. (biomedcentral.com)

In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)
Here we show by in vivo fate mapping that brown, but not white, fat cells arise from precursors that express Myf5, a gene previously thought to be expressed only in the myogenic lineage. (bioseek.eu)

Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue of the body, has remarkable regenerative capacity mainly due to its resident muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
This meeting featured in-person presentations by leading public and private companies, highlighting technical and clinical achievements over the past 12 months in the areas of cell therapy, gene therapy, gene editing, tissue engineering and broader regenerative medicine technologies. (meetingonthemesa.com)
Accelerated Biosciences is a regenerative medicine company with freedom-to-operate for the human Trophoblast Stem Cell (hTSC) platform with 47 patents granted. (meetingonthemesa.com)
We have effectively de-risked the starting cell source decision for the regenerative medicine industry. (meetingonthemesa.com)
However, discoveries in our lab have also shown that regulatory interactions between cytotoxic, M1 macrophages in dystrophic muscle and anti-inflammatory, M2 macrophages are important in regulating the balance between the death of dystrophic muscle and regenerative processes. (ucla.edu)

For example, our findings have shown that macrophages and eosinophils are key effector cells in the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (ucla.edu)

Therefore, we complemented our investigations into the cellular development of the skeletal muscle of neonatal piglets with in vitro studies using a primary porcine myogenic cell culture model with Gln supplementation. (nature.com)

Differentiated airway epithelial cells can revert into stable and functional stem cells in vivo. (wikipedia.org)

Finally, Prdm16-deficient brown fat displays an abnormal morphology, reduced thermogenic gene expression and elevated expression of muscle-specific genes. (bioseek.eu)

Commensurate with the known truth that HuR improved the great quantity of adhesion substances VLA-4 on Th17 cells, knockout of HuR impaired splenic Th17 cell migration towards the central anxious program and abolished the condition. (globaltechbiz.com)
Through gene knockout studies he has shown that these molecules act as a type of molecular "Teflon" to make cells more mobile and invasive and also facilitate chemotaxis. (ubc.ca)
The use of a muscle creatine kinase germline knockout of the gene encoding Ire1/Ern1 shifts the focus from traditional studies of tissue repair toward the regenerating myofibers. (elifesciences.org)

The delayed growth of LBW piglets is mainly due to a slower development of skeletal muscle as the myogenic activity is usually impaired in these animals during the fetal and early postnatal period 3 , 4 . (nature.com)

Improved understanding of the role that each cell component plays U-93631 towards cell mechanics may be beneficial for diagnosis and therapy of diseases [2]. (globaltechbiz.com)
Discoveries in the our lab over the past 25 years have shown that immune cells, especially myeloid cells, play a major role in modulating muscle injury and repair that occur in chronic, muscle wasting diseases and following acute injuries. (ucla.edu)

Induced totipotent cells can be obtained by reprogramming somatic cells with somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (wikipedia.org)

Loss of PRDM16 from brown fat precursors causes a loss of brown fat characteristics and promotes muscle differentiation. (bioseek.eu)

They form characteristic cell clusters in suspension culture that express a set of genes associated with pluripotency and can differentiate into endodermal, ectodermal and mesodermal cells both in vitro and in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
This is followed by a short excursion to the cardiopharyngeal field which gives rise to heart and head musculature and a summary of pharyngeal arch muscle development, including interactions between neural crest cells, mesodermal cells, and endodermal signals. (bvsalud.org)

While there are general mechanisms that are true for muscle development all over the body, the head and postcranial muscle development differ from each other. (bvsalud.org)

The researchers were able to identify the minimal conditions and factors that would be sufficient for starting the cascade of molecular and cellular processes to instruct pluripotent cells to organize the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
We observed a temporarily increased intramuscular availability of free Gln that could have influenced cellular processes in skeletal muscle. (nature.com)

These changes take place on the molecular level impacting properties of specific the different parts of cell inner structure, but resulting in alterations in mechanical properties of the complete cell ultimately. (globaltechbiz.com)

Cytoskeleton, U-93631 which is a network of interconnected filaments of different types, connects the cell membrane with underlying sub-cellular components. (globaltechbiz.com)

Glutamine is regarded as the most abundant amino acid in the body, is mainly synthesized in skeletal muscle 10 , and muscle tissue is the most important site for Gln storage 11 . (nature.com)
RACK1 was expressed transiently in the skeletal muscle of post-natal mice, being abundant in the early phase of muscle growth and almost disappearing in adult mature fibers. (sdbonline.org)

We are also determining how those Klotho-driven epigenetic regulatory influences affect muscle growth following acute muscle injury or exercise. (ucla.edu)

In Drosophila imaginal discs, cells have to choose from a limited number of standard discrete differentiation states. (wikipedia.org)
The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
After acute injury in muscle of both mouse and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (used as alternative in vivo model) this study found that RACK1 accumulated in regenerating fibers while it declined with the progression of repair process. (sdbonline.org)
This study aims to understand the function and mechanism of Drosophila Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) in cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)

The most prominent example is the changes in cell biology and morphology when it evolves from a healthy to a cancerous state [1, 3]. (globaltechbiz.com)
Cold Spring Harbor, NY -- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHLP) announced the release of The Digital Cell: Cell Biology as a Data Science, available on its website in hardcover format. (cshlpress.com)

The fact that transdetermination (change of the path of differentiation) often occurs for a group of cells rather than single cells shows that it is induced rather than part of maturation. (wikipedia.org)

Firstly, such modeling methods give an insight into how cell parts function under stress. (globaltechbiz.com)

He has delineated the function of these molecules in diverse set of biological processes including: 1) gut and kidney formation, 2) vascular permeability, 3) mucosal inflammatory disease, 4) stem cell homing and migration, and 5) epithelial tumor progression. (ubc.ca)

Introduction Cell mechanics has proved to be a widely used label-free biomarker to discern phenotypes, detect pathologies and more importantly, monitor existence or progression of a disease [1C3]. (globaltechbiz.com)
Secondly, they can improve our understanding of the adjustments that occur during disease progression which, in turn, might uncover reasons for corresponding alterations occurring in cell mechanics [10, 11]. (globaltechbiz.com)
The 'adipose tissue expandability model' identifies the limited capacity and dysfunctionality of WAT, preventing its expansion and accommodation of surplus of energy, as key determinants for the onset and progression of obesity-associated metabolopathologies as a result of ectopic deposition of toxic lipid species in metabolic organs (i.e. muscle or liver [also known as lipotoxic insult]) [ 7 ]. (springer.com)

Ex vivo cultures of myofiber explants demonstrate that ablation of IRE1α reduces the proliferative capacity of myofiber-associated satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Some types of mature, specialized adult cells can naturally revert to stem cells. (wikipedia.org)

The process involves sucking out the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell and injecting it into an oocyte that has had its nucleus removed Using an approach based on the protocol outlined by Tachibana et al. (wikipedia.org)
developed computational model for simulations of cells with nucleus and cytoskeleton in flows in complex domains such as capillary networks and microfluidic devices. (globaltechbiz.com)
The main elements are cell membrane, inner cytoskeleton, and nucleus. (globaltechbiz.com)
The nucleus is the largest organelle among sub-cellular components, demonstrating solid-elastic behavior [4], and it is typically stiffer than the cell itself [5]. (globaltechbiz.com)
Mature human red blood cell (RBC) is perhaps among the simplest cells to model, lacking nucleus and internal cytoskeleton. (globaltechbiz.com)

Computational approaches to model cell deformation through microfluidic products as complementary of experimental investigations are prominent for multiple reasons. (globaltechbiz.com)

Induced stem cells (iSC) are stem cells derived from somatic, reproductive, pluripotent or other cell types by deliberate epigenetic reprogramming. (wikipedia.org)
A variety of nontumorigenic stem cells display the ability to generate multiple cell types. (wikipedia.org)
The head is often considered the most complex part of the vertebrate body as many different cell types contribute to a huge variation of structures in a very limited space. (bvsalud.org)
Most of these cell types also interact with each other to ensure the proper development of skull, brain, muscles, nerves, connective tissue, and blood vessels. (bvsalud.org)
Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)

The reversible transformation of cells of one differentiated cell type to another is called metaplasia. (wikipedia.org)

Ongoing investigations in the lab are revealing the identity of specific molecules released by myeloid cells that promote muscular dystrophy. (ucla.edu)

RUNX3 occurs to Runx protein Defects in the physical( high) blood of the RUNX1 heat, making C-terminal cysteine( Spender et al. (evakoch.com)

In 1924 Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold demonstrated the key importance of cell-cell inductions during animal development. (wikipedia.org)
This study elucidated effects of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on the cellular muscle development of LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) piglets. (nature.com)
Here, I provide an overview of the difference between head and trunk muscle development. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy71

Organisms17

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs70

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care2

Opposing gradien1

Regeneration21

Myogenic differentiation2

Myoblasts6

Tissues8

Myogenesis4

Proliferation10

Pathway5

Regulate5

Quiescent3

Hematopoietic3

Sarcopenia1

Myoblast3

Capacity to regenerate1

Proteins6

Self-renewal1

Lineage2

Regenerative5

Eosinophils1

Neonatal1

Epithelial cells1

Gene expression1

Knockout3

Postnatal1

Diseases2

Somatic cells1

Promotes muscle1

Mesodermal cells2

Mechanisms1

Cellular processes2

Molecular1

Network of interconnected1

Abundant2

Acute muscle injury1

Drosophila5

Biology2

Maturation1

Methods1

Migration1

Progression3

Vivo2

Adult cells1

Nucleus5

Approaches1

Types5

Crucial1

Transformation1

Molecules1

Occurs1

Development3