• In addition, glycosylation is often used by viruses to shield the underlying viral protein from immune recognition. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is therefore suggested that a component of protein glycosylation is dependent upon glucose autoxidation and subsequent covalent attachment of ketoaldehydes. (portlandpress.com)
  • Several mutations in the N terminus of the G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin disrupt NXS/T consensus sequences for N-linked glycosylation (located at N2 and N15) and cause sector retinitis pigmentosa in which the inferior retina preferentially degenerates. (jneurosci.org)
  • Mutations affecting glycosylation of the heptahelical G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin are associated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a disease characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptors. (jneurosci.org)
  • N-linked glycosylation is the most prevalent posttranslational modification of plasma membrane and secretory proteins and participates in many important biological roles such as protein folding, intracellular targeting, immune response, cell adhesion, and protease resistance. (jneurosci.org)
  • Both studies suggest that defects in rhodopsin glycosylation are associated with impairment of protein folding or stability. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we investigate the glycosylation of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins from five different laboratories and compare them against S protein from infectious virus, cultured in Vero cells. (scilifelab.se)
  • We find patterns that are conserved across all samples, and this can be associated with site-specific stalling of glycan maturation that acts as a highly sensitive reporter of protein structure. (scilifelab.se)
  • Although each patient had different mutations, all had altered Golgi morphology and protein O-linked glycosylation that were rescued by overexpression of wild type PLA2G6. (bmj.com)
  • Site-selective chemical protein glycosylation protects from autolysis and proteolytic degradation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The numerous entities in this group are subdivided, based on the synthetic pathway affected, into disorder of protein N-glycosylation, disorder of protein O-glycosylation, disorder of multiple glycosylation, and disorder of glycosphingolipid and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor glycosylation. (orpha.net)
  • N- and O-linked glycosylation site profiling of the human basic salivary proline-rich protein 3M. (unicatt.it)
  • One type of post-translational modification involved in protein stability is glycosylation. (biorxiv.org)
  • The MERS-CoV S protein has 21 N-linked glycosylation sites (Wang et al. (frontiersin.org)
  • Once the chain is formed, dolichol phosphate transports the oligosaccharide to the protein that needs to be glycosylated and attaches it to a specific site on the protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Analyses of full-length genomes of over 300 ZIKV isolates revealed that one sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic, being absent in many of the African isolates while present in all isolates from the recent outbreaks. (unl.edu)
  • Here, I interrogated the role of this sequence motif and glycosylation of the E protein in pathogenicity of ZIKV. (unl.edu)
  • The mutant viruses replicated poorly in the brain of infected mice when inoculated subcutaneously but replicated well following intracranial inoculation, suggesting that the N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion. (unl.edu)
  • Since the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is also glycosylated and known to play a role in transmission and pathogenicity, I mutated the glycosylation sites in NS1 (N130 and N207) individually or in combination in the background of m2MR virus. (unl.edu)
  • Knowledge of the three-dimensional structures of the carbo-hydrate molecules is indispensable for a full understanding of the molecular processes in which carbohydrates are involved, such as protein glycosylation or protein-carbohydrate interactions. (iucr.org)
  • Glycosylation is classified by the way the carbohydrate chain is linked to the protein. (iucr.org)
  • Protein glycosylation fulfils a variety of roles. (iucr.org)
  • The established relationship between protein glycosylation, immunogenicity and allergenicity means that the methods developed could be used to inform the risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) plants. (usda.gov)
  • Thyroglobulin is a 660kDa dimeric pre-protein with multiple glycosylation sites. (novusbio.com)
  • The protein from human and rat brains contains three and four extracellular N-glycosylation sites, respectively. (rti.org)
  • Blom A. M . , Berggård K., Webb J. H., Villoutreix B., Lindahl G. and Dahlbäck B. (2000) Human C4b-binding protein has overlapping but not identical binding sites for C4b and streptococcal M-proteins. (lu.se)
  • Webb, J. H., Villoutreix, B. O., Dahlbäck, B. and Blom A. M. (2001) Localization of a hydrophobic binding site for protein S on the b-chain of C4BP. (lu.se)
  • The majority of proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum undergo glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycosylation is the process by which a carbohydrate is covalently attached to a target macromolecule, typically proteins and lipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycosylation also plays a role in cell-to-cell adhesion (a mechanism employed by cells of the immune system) via sugar-binding proteins called lectins, which recognize specific carbohydrate moieties. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycosylation can also module the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of the proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Golgi and glycosylation are essential for correct processing and distribution of proteins. (bmj.com)
  • Glycosylation is often cited as having a stabilizing effect upon proteins with respect to proteolysis, thermolysis and other forms of degradation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A fast growing group of inborn errors of metabolism characterized by defective activity of enzymes that participate in glycosylation (modification of proteins and other macromolecules by adding and processing of oligosaccharide side chains). (orpha.net)
  • This compound is critical for a process called glycosylation, which attaches groups of sugar molecules (oligosaccharides) to proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Glycosylation changes proteins in ways that are important for their functions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The other signs and symptoms of DOLK -CDG are likely due to the abnormal glycosylation of additional proteins in other organs and tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our results suggest that glycosylation of both E and NS1 proteins plays an important role in virus pathogenicity, and m5MR virus could be developed as a live attenuated viral vaccine for ZIKV. (unl.edu)
  • This project seeks to develop robust methodologies to characterise the glycosylation of transgenic plant proteins for application in risk assessments. (usda.gov)
  • This project aims to develop robust methods to characterise the glycosylation of proteins for routine analysis of transgenic plants. (usda.gov)
  • Methods will be tested using plant proteins which are known to be glycosylated, including those from transgenic plants in which the pattern of glycosylation is known to be inauthentic and consequently conferring unexpected allergenicity. (usda.gov)
  • In this regard, while glycosylation is a major post-translational modification (PTM) that alters the structure of most human proteins, relatively little is known about the functional diversity imparted by this modification. (buffalo.edu)
  • N-glycosylation is well known to occur at asparagine residues in the canonical consensus sequence N-X-S/T, but has also been identified at a small number of N-X-C motifs including the Asn491 residue of human serotransferrin. (nist.gov)
  • Glycosylation sites, modified residues and lipid moiety-binding regions. (ucsc.edu)
  • IL-11 contains no cysteine residues or potential glycosylation sites. (rndsystems.com)
  • Together, the human disease and animal models suggest that glycosylation plays a crucial role in the structure and/or function of rhodopsin. (jneurosci.org)
  • These mutant virus strains were devoid of up to seven or eight of 22 glycosylation sites in the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 because of mutations at the Asn or Thr/Ser sites of the N -glycosylation motifs. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Although mutations T4K and T4N caused RD, N2S and T4V did not, demonstrating that glycosylation at N2 was not required for photoreceptor viability. (jneurosci.org)
  • In contrast, similar mutations eliminating glycosylation at N15 (N15S and T17M) caused rod death. (jneurosci.org)
  • Peu de renseignements sont disponibles sur les mutations des virus saisonniers de la grippe A(H1N1)pdm09 et H3N2 en Jordanie. (who.int)
  • Les mutations individuelles sont décrites en détail. (who.int)
  • Glycosylation is the reaction in which a carbohydrate (or 'glycan'), i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor) in order to form a glycoconjugate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, these new peptides reveal a carbohydrate moiety, indicating a glycosylation in the sequence. (springer.com)
  • Eva Nordberg Karlsson works within the fields of enzymology and microbiology, with a focus on production and biomolecular development of carbohydrate-modifying enzymes for hydrolysis (oligo- and monosaccharides) and trans-glycosylation reactions (for glycoconjugates such as surfactants and antioxidants), using the carbohydrate polymers of the biomass as the starting material. (lu.se)
  • The influence of glycosylation on the folding and stability of glycoprotein is twofold. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycosylation is an important parameter in the optimization of many glycoprotein-based drugs such as monoclonal antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Global site-specific N-glycosylation analysis of HIV envelope glycoprotein. (upenn.edu)
  • Effects of partially dismantling the CD4 binding site glycan fence of HIV-1 Envelope glycoprotein trimers on neutralizing antibody induction. (upenn.edu)
  • High-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to collect fragmentation data for predicted GlcNAcylated peptides, and to assign modification sites within N-X-C motifs. (nist.gov)
  • Glycosylation is a form of co-translational and post-translational modification. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycosylation is also present in the cytoplasm and nucleus as the O-GlcNAc modification. (wikipedia.org)
  • Indeed, glycosylation is thought to be the most complex post-translational modification, because of the large number of enzymatic steps involved. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, glycosylation is a site-specific modification. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to a modification by glycosylation, the immunodominant DTR motif on T47D-MUC1 is altered by amino acid replacements (PAPGSTAPAAHGVTSAPESR), which were revealed in about 50% of PAP20 peptides. (nih.gov)
  • All five positions of the repeat peptide were revealed as O-glycosylation targets in the tumor cell, including the Thr within the DTR motif. (nih.gov)
  • Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis of the intact proteoforms before and after N-deglycosylation with Peptide-N-Glycosidase F and tandem mass spectrometry sequencing of peptides obtained after Endoproteinase GluC digestion allowed the structural characterization of the peptide backbone and identification of N- and O-glycosylation sites. (unicatt.it)
  • In this study we analyzed the Golgi and glycosylation in cultured skin fibroblasts in three patients with PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN). (bmj.com)
  • Disruption of the Golgi and glycosylation may, therefore, cause the pathogenesis of PLAN and perhaps other neurodegenerative disorders. (bmj.com)
  • The glycosylation machinery is responsible for assembling a diverse repertoire of glycan structures, collectively termed 'glycome', through the synchronized action of a portfolio of glycan-modifying enzymes including glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. (nature.com)
  • C-linked glycans, a rare form of glycosylation where a sugar is added to a carbon on a tryptophan side-chain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The best understood subclass is N -glycosylation, in which the glycans are linked to the N δ 2 atom of an Asn side chain. (iucr.org)
  • N-glycosylation was initially predicted in silico based on the conservation of the N-X-C motif among related mammalian species and demonstrated experimentally in A1AG from porcine, canine, and feline sources and in human serotransferrin. (nist.gov)
  • Additionally, we find that A1AG in porcine and canine sources is highly N-glycosylated at a non-canonical motif (N-Q-C) based on semi-quantitative MRM analysis the first report of an N-X-C motif exhibiting substantial N-glycosylation. (nist.gov)
  • Although reports of non-canonical motif N-glycosylation are uncommon in the literature, this work suggests that it may be more ubiquitous than the current dogma predicts. (nist.gov)
  • In contrast, recombinant viruses with deletion of VNDT motif (m1MR) or mutation of N-linked glycosylation site (m2MR), were highly attenuated and non-lethal. (unl.edu)
  • Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
  • An inversely correlated NMR spectrum defined the amino sugars acylated by acetyl or 3-hydroxybutyryl groups and revealed partial sequences and glycosylation sites in a tetrasacchride repeating unit of the title polysaccharide, (→2dGlcαl→3dGlcNAcylαl→→4dGalNAcαl→3dGalNAcβl→)n, where Acyl = 3-hydroxybutyryl. (mpg.de)
  • Here we examined the role of rhodopsin glycosylation in biosynthesis, trafficking, and retinal degeneration (RD) using transgenic Xenopus laevis expressing glycosylation-defective human rhodopsin mutants. (jneurosci.org)
  • Expression of T17M was more toxic than T4K to transgenic photoreceptors, further suggesting that glycosylation at N15 plays a more important physiological role than glycosylation at N2. (jneurosci.org)
  • All mutant viruses grew to titers similar to the rMR virus in cell culture except the m5MR virus (triple glycosylation defective), which grew to lower titers. (unl.edu)
  • The end goal is to apply systems level understanding of glycosylation processes in order to uncover new pathways and small molecule inhibitors that can control leukocyte migration during inflammation. (buffalo.edu)
  • The mutant viruses containing the deleted glycosylation sites were markedly more infectious in CEM T-cell cultures than wild-type virus. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Drift variants contained HA substitutions and alterations in the potential N-linked glycosylation sites of HA. (eurosurveillance.org)
  • In patient ARC-21, a methionine-to-threonine substitution at position 1772 in the factor VIII light chain creates a potential new N-glycosylation site at asparagine-1770. (utmb.edu)
  • In patient ARC-22, an isoleucine-to-threonine substitution at position 566 creates a potential new N-glycosylation site at asparagine- 564 in the A2 domain of the factor VIII heavy chain. (utmb.edu)
  • No obvious hydrophobic signal sequence, membrane-spanning domains, or potential N-glycosylation sites were found in this sequence. (lu.se)
  • Phosphorylation of animal toxins has not been described in the literature so far, in contrast to glycosylation for which few articles were published [ 20 ]. (springer.com)
  • In biology (but not always in chemistry), glycosylation usually refers to an enzyme-catalysed reaction, whereas glycation (also 'non-enzymatic glycation' and 'non-enzymatic glycosylation') may refer to a non-enzymatic reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Principles of chemical reaction kinetics are used to model glycosylation reaction networks. (buffalo.edu)
  • Understanding glycomechanics using mathematical modeling: a review of current approaches to simulate cellular glycosylation reaction networks. (buffalo.edu)
  • In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. (nature.com)
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  • The analysis is performed on glycopeptides, so information about the sulfated species is obtained in a glycosylation site-specific manner. (wichita.edu)
  • Glycosylation Network Analysis Toolbox (GNAT): a MATLAB based environment for systems glycobiology. (buffalo.edu)
  • We also offer solutions for automation, site-directed mutagenesis, as well as your favorite restriction enzyme, ligase or competent cell products. (neb.com)
  • This study is clinically significant since the recruitment of blood platelets by immobilized VWF at sites of vascular injury is an important contributor to arterial occlusion during myocardial infarction (heart attack) and stroke. (buffalo.edu)
  • Thus, the DAT has been called a cocaine receptor (21) and may be the initial site responsible for producing cocaine's drug reinforcement. (rti.org)