Deoxyribonucleic acidNucleic acidsMoleculeMoleculesMRNANucleotidesRRNASequencesPolymeraseProteinsRibosomeRNAsComplementarySpecify the sequence of amino acidsTRNAResiduesAbility of RNA to formMiRNALiving organismsAntisenseCatalyticGeneThymineProtein synthesisPrimarySequenceSiRNACodonsRolesPolynucleotideSugar phosphateBiologicalTranscriptionRRNAsTripletStructuresHydrogenFormDoubleCellularEnzymeVirusesVivoMetabolismDiseasesExpressionHelicesSmallIsolationCells
Deoxyribonucleic acid11
- deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) and ribonucleic acid ( RNA ). (khanacademy.org)
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) 1.1. (slideserve.com)
- The discovery of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) polymerase by Arthur Kornberg (born 1918) provides scientists with the tool they need to make copies of DNA. (encyclopedia.com)
- Arthur Kornberg discovered deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase, a natural, chemical tool which scientists could use to make copies of DNA, the giant molecule that carries the genetic information of every living organism. (encyclopedia.com)
- In 1959, Kornberg and Ochoa shared the Nobel Prize for their "discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid. (encyclopedia.com)
- Up to the late 1960s and early 1970s, biology was dominated by the double helix of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the genetic material, which got Watson, Crick and Wilkins the Nobel prize. (i-sis.org.uk)
- Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are molecules that can encode information that regulates the synthesis of proteins by living cells. (sciencing.com)
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that encodes the information that cells need to produce proteins. (pharmaguideline.com)
- Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the material that makes up genes. (javatpoint.com)
- And this is why we call it deoxyribonucleic acid. (nagwa.com)
- Molecular biologists have made many important theoretical advances from such comparisons, notably elucidation of the central role of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) as the carrier of genetic information in all free-living organisms. (nationalacademies.org)
Nucleic acids10
- To initiate the transcription process in a cell's nucleus, DNA double helices are unwound and hydrogen bonds connecting compatible nucleic acids of DNA are broken to produce two unconnected single DNA strands. (wikipedia.org)
- Nucleic acids, and DNA in particular, are key macromolecules for the continuity of life. (khanacademy.org)
- Here, we'll just take a quick look at nucleic acids from the macromolecule perspective. (khanacademy.org)
- Image modified from ' Nucleic acids: Figure 1 ,' by OpenStax College, Biology ( CC BY 3.0 ). (khanacademy.org)
- It seems that not until the technologies for working with nucleic acids and proteins are better integrated will their researchers be more connected than they are now. (genomicglossaries.com)
- In 1868, Friedrich Miescher discovered a molecule unlike any other previously known in a cell-nucleic acids. (scienceabc.com)
- Since then, the nucleic acids in the cells- DNA and RNA-have risen in prominence amongst the molecules of life. (scienceabc.com)
- Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or essential macromolecules, required to survive all known forms of life on the planet. (pharmaguideline.com)
- RNA and DNA are both considered nucleic acids which are made up of repeating subunits called nucleotides. (nagwa.com)
- The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. (lookformedical.com)
Molecule14
- RNA is a single-strand nucleic acid which, while more unstable than DNA, allows flexibility to bend back on itself forming weak bonds with another part of the same molecule. (cdc.gov)
- It is an evolutionarily conserved, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecule that widely presents in various organisms from viruses to humans. (cusabio.com)
- A primary transcript is an RNA molecule produced during transcription that is a copy of the genetic information stored in the DNA. (scienceaplus.com)
- However, the other nucleic acid, RNA, is showing itself to be an equally interesting and challenging molecule to study. (scienceabc.com)
- Existing methods for measuring transcript levels in single cells include RT-qPCR (1), single molecule counting using digital PCR (2) or hybridization probes (3, 4), and next generation sequencing (5). (justia.com)
- A nucleobase is a single- or double-ringed molecule containing nitrogen. (sciencing.com)
- One of four different nucleobases hangs off each sugar molecule in a nucleic acid. (sciencing.com)
- Although exceptions exist, DNA is usually a double-stranded molecule and RNA is usually single-stranded. (sciencing.com)
- The primary mechanism in DNA replication is a semiconservative process, in which two strands are split, and two identical copies of the original DNA molecule are created. (pharmaguideline.com)
- Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a single-stranded molecule that is copied from the DNA in our bodies. (udel.edu)
- This double-stranded DNA molecule can then twist and form the double helix shape that you are familiar with. (nagwa.com)
- Although the nitrogenous bases of RNA can base pair just like DNA, RNA generally doesn't form a double-stranded molecule like DNA. (nagwa.com)
- In simple terms, circular RNA is a closed single-stranded RNA molecule formed through covalent linkage at its ends. (techadda2.com)
- RNA is a single-stranded molecule as opposed to double-stranded DNA. (iitm.ac.in)
Molecules9
- For instance, some genes specify ribosomal RNAs ( rRNAs ), which serve as structural components of ribosomes, or transfer RNAs ( tRNAs ), cloverleaf-shaped RNA molecules that bring amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis. (khanacademy.org)
- The structures of polynucleotide strands of both DNA and RNA molecules can be understood in terms of sugar-phosphate backbones consisting of phosphodiester-linked D 2' deoxyribofuranose (D ribofuranose in RNA) sugar moieties, with purine or pyrimidine nucleobases covalently linked to them. (wikiversity.org)
- Small RNA molecules that carry specific amino acids to the ribosome for assembly into a protein. (scienceaplus.com)
- Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
- RNA forms single helices that are less tightly compressed than are DNA molecules. (sciencing.com)
- The template strand produces single-stranded RNA molecules. (pharmaguideline.com)
- Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are lipid chaperones that mediate the intracellular dynamics of the hydrophobic molecules that they physically bind to. (bvsalud.org)
- When genes are active, copies of the DNA are made using molecules of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and these can then be used as templates to make proteins. (elifesciences.org)
- They preferentially cleave single-stranded RNA molecules between purine and uridine residues to generate two nucleotide fragments with 2'3'-cyclic phosphate adenosine/guanosine terminus and uridine residue, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
MRNA17
- For example, a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing. (wikipedia.org)
- The term hnRNA is often used as a synonym for pre-mRNA, although, in the strict sense, hnRNA may include nuclear RNA transcripts that do not end up as cytoplasmic mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
- One strand of the DNA template is used for transcription of the single-stranded primary transcript mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
- RNA polymerase II of eukaryotes transcribes the primary transcript, a transcript destined to be processed into mRNA, from the antisense DNA template in the 5' to 3' direction, and this newly synthesized primary transcript is complementary to the antisense strand of DNA. (wikipedia.org)
- RNA polymerase II constructs the primary transcript using a set of four specific ribonucleoside monophosphate residues (adenosine monophosphate (AMP), cytidine monophosphate (CMP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP), and uridine monophosphate (UMP)) that are added continuously to the 3' hydroxyl group on the 3' end of the growing mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
- The inclusion of both exon and intron sequences within primary transcripts explains the size difference between larger primary transcripts and smaller, mature mRNA ready for translation into protein. (wikipedia.org)
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) Carries information specifying amino acid sequences of proteins from DNA to ribosomes. (dekooktips.com)
- translates mRNA codons into amino acids. (dekooktips.com)
- The inclusion or exclusion of different exons to form different mRNA transcripts. (genomicglossaries.com)
- The mRNA transcript is made in the nucleus, where the DNA is located, and then moved to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes are located. (scienceabc.com)
- mRNA specifies which amino acid comes where and when. (scienceabc.com)
- tRNA brings the right amino acids, according to the mRNA transcript, to the ribosome. (scienceabc.com)
- The mRNA has information regarding which amino acid goes where. (scienceabc.com)
- The coding or sense strand of DNA corresponds to the mRNA and may vary from gene to gene. (pharmaguideline.com)
- In recent years, nucleic acid therapy involving various types of ribonucleic acids (RNAs), including messenger RNA (mRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and microRNA (miRNA), has rapidly emerged as a new cornerstone of modern medicine. (techadda2.com)
- tRNA (transfer RNA): decodes the information present in the mRNA and helps add amino acids to a protein chain. (iitm.ac.in)
- The syntheiss of high yields of full-length reverse transcripts of globin mRNA. (wikidata.org)
Nucleotides6
- Studies of primary transcripts produced by RNA polymerase II reveal that an average primary transcript is 7,000 nucleotides in length, with some growing as long as 20,000 nucleotides in length. (wikipedia.org)
- Micro-ribonucleic acid, referred to as microRNA or miRNA, as its name implies, it is tiny, about 22 Nucleotides. (cusabio.com)
- it proved that this enzyme does catalyze the production of new strands of DNA, and it explained how a single strand of DNA acts as a pattern for the formation of a new strand of nucleotides- the building blocks of DNA. (encyclopedia.com)
- Plant Dicer-like proteins (DCLs) are RNase III, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-specific endonucleases with specialized functions in producing short (s)RNAs of 21- to 24-nucleotides (nt), including micro (mi)RNAs and short interfering (si)RNAs of endogenous or viral origin. (biomedcentral.com)
- The position of these nucleotides in a DNA strand dictates the type of instructions present. (javatpoint.com)
- Thus, while inculcating the UBPs in a DNA structure, their aromatic scaffolds must exhibit hydrophobic packing and must have hydrogen bond donor groups for the artificial nucleotides to interact with polymerases for their efficient incorporation in the non-template strand to bind with their UB partner in template strand [1-3]. (fortuneonline.org)
RRNA4
- The other two forms of RNA, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA), are involved in the process of ordering the amino acids to make the protein. (dekooktips.com)
- To such effect, I want to perform an RNA-Seq experiment in order to analyze potential rRNA transcripts isoforms and processing sites. (printerresource.com)
- In 1982, scientists discovered the first type I intron within the rRNA transcript of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. (techadda2.com)
- rRNA (ribosomal RNA): forms the primary component of ribosomes and catalyzes the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. (iitm.ac.in)
Sequences5
- Activation of RNA polymerase activity to produce primary transcripts is often controlled by sequences of DNA called enhancers. (wikipedia.org)
- Mature miRNA sequences are usually only located on one of the strands that make up the hairpin structure. (cusabio.com)
- A. Ribosomal RNA analysis StructRNAfinder - predicts and annotates RNA families in transcript or genome sequences. (printerresource.com)
- Following synthetic processes and purification steps, highly pure short nucleic acid sequences can be obtained. (techadda2.com)
- In contrast, RNAI can be used to study long-term phenotypes (including body weight and memory functions) due to the development of a DNA plasmid-based system to deliver short double-stranded RNA sequences in vivo [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Polymerase4
- This DNA strand is bound by an RNA polymerase at the promoter region of the DNA. (wikipedia.org)
- First, in the nucleus, the miRNA gene is transcribed into a long transcript under the action of RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II). (cusabio.com)
- After second- strand cDNA synthesis, T7 RNA polymerase was used to generate aRNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
- RNA polymerase then starts copying from a particular place on one strand of DNA utilising a ribonucleoside 5′-triphosphate to create the expanding chain. (pharmaguideline.com)
Proteins8
- Proteins are made of amino acids, of which there are 20 common ones. (scienceabc.com)
- The sequence of the bases along certain sections of a nucleic acid, known as the genes, controls the content of the proteins that the cell manufactures. (sciencing.com)
- Hydrogen bonds between corresponding pairs of nucleobases hold the two DNA strands together, along with the assistance of special proteins known as histones. (sciencing.com)
- Messenger RNA carries a transcript of a DNA gene to the ribosome, which is composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins. (sciencing.com)
- The DNA strands that comprise each gene are blueprints for producing specific proteins. (javatpoint.com)
- The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)
- These strands of genetic information play an essential role in creating proteins and regulating genes, giving drugs that harness their power the potential to treat diseases once thought to be unreachable. (biopharmadive.com)
- Sometimes the argument will be made more specific, such as that N proteins of M residues each must be necessary for a minimally functioning cell, and when you calculate the probability of those proteins appearing together simultaneously, with a 1/20 chance of a particular amino acid residue in each spot of each protein sequence, the odds are astronomical. (provingthenegative.com)
Ribosome2
- The ribosome reads the messenger RNA and recruits transfer RNAs, which act as tiny tugboats hauling the required amino acids to the ribosome. (sciencing.com)
- Others, like Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNAs), play an essential role in protein synthesis, while Messenger RNA (mRNAs) drive protein synthesis via the ribosome. (pharmaguideline.com)
RNAs3
- At this point, researchers began using the term "micro ribonucleic acid" to refer to such small regulatory RNAs. (cusabio.com)
- Small noncoding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNA) negatively regulate gene expression by sequence-specific targeting of protein-coding transcripts [ 6 ]. (researchsquare.com)
- The review also outlines the vast applications of UBPs as novel information storage components as well as in creation of semi-synthetic organisms expressing non canonical amino acids, high affinity aptamer generation, PCR based diagnostics and sitespecific labelling of RNAs. (fortuneonline.org)
Complementary3
- Three major forms of DNA are double stranded and connected by interactions between complementary base pairs. (dekooktips.com)
- Complementary base-pairing between the strands of the double helix enables the DNA to be faithfully copied, and passed on unchanged generation after generation. (i-sis.org.uk)
- DNA is faithfully transcribed into a complementary strand of RNA (ribonucleic acid), which is, in turn, translated into a protein with a specific amino-acid sequence. (i-sis.org.uk)
Specify the sequence of amino acids1
- Many genes encode protein products, meaning that they specify the sequence of amino acids used to build a particular protein. (khanacademy.org)
TRNA1
- The appropriate tRNA will read that information and then add the right amino acid. (scienceabc.com)
Residues1
- It is structurally different from TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING PROTEIN 2 in that it contains acidic N-terminal amino acid residues. (lookformedical.com)
Ability of RNA to form1
- The latter function is associated with the ability of RNA to form double-stranded (ds) or ds-like secondary structures. (biomedcentral.com)
MiRNA5
- This transcript is called a primary miRNA (pri-miRNA). (cusabio.com)
- A single pri-miRNA can contain from one to six miRNA precursors. (cusabio.com)
- And then, the nuclear protein DGCR8 (DiGeorge critical region-8) recognizes and binds to the double-stranded structural region of the pri-miRNA. (cusabio.com)
- The pre-miRNA is further cleaved in the cytoplasm by another RNase III Dicer to form a short double-stranded miRNA. (cusabio.com)
- miR-22-3p (hereafter miR-22), a conserved miRNA that is expressed throughout the body, including the brain [ 14 , 15 ], was previously identified among upregulated miRNAs within the mouse hippocampus contralateral to the epileptogenic zone in the intraamygdala kainic acid model of status epilepticus [ 16 ]. (researchsquare.com)
Living organisms1
- DNA is the genetic material found in living organisms, all the way from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals like you and me. (khanacademy.org)
Antisense2
- We have therefore tested the DCL4 functionality in processing exogenous dsRNA-like substrates, such as a replicase-assisted viral replicon defective-interfering RNA and RNA hairpin substrates, or endogenous antisense transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
- Sequencing as well as functional studies using antisense oligonucleotides, indicate important roles for microRNAs during the development of epilepsy through targeting transcripts involved in neuronal structure, gliosis and inflammation. (researchsquare.com)
Catalytic1
- Ribonucleic acid in protozoa having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis. (lookformedical.com)
Gene10
- Before this information can be used for protein synthesis, however, an RNA copy (transcript) of the gene must first be made. (khanacademy.org)
- Inevitably, there are fundamental and applied questions, such as those relating to transcriptional control of stem cell differentiation, intrinsic noise in gene expression, and the origins of disease, that may only be addressed at the single cell level. (justia.com)
- For example, single cell analysis allows for the direct measurement of gene expression kinetics, or for the unambiguous identification of co-regulated genes, even in the presence of de-synchronization and heterogeneity that could obscure population-averaged measurements. (justia.com)
- Thus, many of the basic functionalities for microfluidic single cell gene expression analysis have been demonstrated in isolation, including cell manipulation and trapping (9, 10), RNA purification and cDNA synthesis (11-13), and microfluidic qPCR (14) following off-chip cell isolation cDNA synthesis and preamplification. (justia.com)
- Within each gene family, a single orthologous gene was typically retrotransposed frequently and independently in both species. (biomedcentral.com)
- The whole nucleic acid sequence required for the production of a functional gene product, which can be a polypeptide or any RNA, is what Lodish and others refer to as a gene. (javatpoint.com)
- A gene is made up of two strands that are coiled around one another. (javatpoint.com)
- Varying organisms have different total gene counts on a single chromosome. (javatpoint.com)
- More broadly, RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is squarely in drug developers' sights after the clinical success of multiple medicines that block gene expression by disrupting RNA. (biopharmadive.com)
- (B) Expressions of RNASET2 in human tissues were analyzed in the Human Protein Atlas database, and the resulting transcript expression values, denoted normalized expression (NX), were calculated for each gene in every sample. (frontiersin.org)
Thymine1
Protein synthesis1
- A similar kind of nucleic acid, known as ribonucleic acid (RNA), is found in various molecular forms and is involved in the process of protein synthesis. (pharmaguideline.com)
Primary10
- A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. (wikipedia.org)
- The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. (wikipedia.org)
- There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. (wikipedia.org)
- Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. (wikipedia.org)
- Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. (wikipedia.org)
- The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. (wikipedia.org)
- Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts and the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts. (wikipedia.org)
- The steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts involve a series of molecular interactions that initiate transcription of DNA within a cell's nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
- A number of factors contribute to the activation and inhibition of transcription and therefore regulate the production of primary transcripts from a given DNA template. (wikipedia.org)
- Similarly, single cell methods are vital in stem cell research and cancer biology, where isolated populations of primary cells are heterogeneous due to limitations in purification protocols, and it is often a minority cell population that is the most relevant. (justia.com)
Sequence3
- Ribosomes read the RNA sequence, match it to the correct amino acids, and then put these amino acids together to form a protein. (scienceaplus.com)
- 99% sequence identity in the coding region and obtained evidence for the expression of an alternative Gpi1 transcript in mouse spermatogenic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- (A) Amino acid sequence of RNases T2 from human, mouse, rabbit, fruit fly, and classical swine fever virus showing the wide evolutionary conservation of these enzymes. (frontiersin.org)
SiRNA1
- Here we report the discovery and development of olpasiran, a first-in-class, synthetic, double-stranded, N -acetylgalactosamine-conjugated small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed to directly inhibit LPA messenger RNA translation in hepatocytes and potently reduce plasma Lp(a) concentration. (nature.com)
Codons1
- How Can Multiple Codons Code For The Same Amino Acid? (scienceabc.com)
Roles1
- Ribonucleic acid (RNA) has multiple roles in cellular functions, from coding genes to non-coding regulatory activities. (biomedcentral.com)
Polynucleotide1
- The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape. (lookformedical.com)
Sugar phosphate1
Biological3
- Single cells represent a fundamental biological unit. (justia.com)
- Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is an important biological macromolecule that is present in our cells. (iitm.ac.in)
- Fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) is a cellular chaperone of long-chain fatty acids that induce biological responses. (bvsalud.org)
Transcription2
- Accordingly, a goal of microfluidics research has been the development of integrated technology for scalable analysis of transcription in single cells. (justia.com)
- Transcription typically copies just one strand of DNA. (pharmaguideline.com)
RRNAs1
- The rRNAs also catalyze the addition of amino acids to make the final protein. (scienceabc.com)
Triplet1
- Each triplet of nucleobases translates into a particular amino acid, which is the building block of protein. (sciencing.com)
Structures2
- In addition to their occurrences in several double stranded stem regions, most of the loops and bulges that appear in single-stranded RNA secondary structures form recurrent 3D motifs, where non-canonical base pairs play a central role. (wikiversity.org)
- T4 Dnl and T4 Rnl 1 are suitable for circularizing RNA without complex secondary structures, while T4 Rnl 2 is more appropriate for linear RNA precursors with double-stranded adapter regions. (techadda2.com)
Hydrogen3
- This is why we call it ribonucleic acid, whereas in DNA we're missing an oxygen and just have the hydrogen instead. (nagwa.com)
- The two strands of DNA are held together by these hydrogen bonds which are individually weak but collectively strong. (nagwa.com)
- Steric clashes between the protein and DNA are highlighted by yellow stars, and disrupted hydrogen bonds (dashed lines) are shown by a red X. c, Relative single-turnover rates (kst) of 7mG excision from a 25mer oligonucleotide duplex by wild-type AlkD and the indicated AlkD mutants. (slideserve.com)
Form1
- The two DNA strands form the famous double-helix structure that resembles a spiral staircase. (sciencing.com)
Double2
- It then moves along the DNA strand, unwinding the double helix and separating the two strands. (scienceaplus.com)
- RNA is normally single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded. (nagwa.com)
Cellular2
- Ribonucleic Acid or RNA is similar in structure to DNA but is involved in very different cellular functions. (cdc.gov)
- A non-canonical tricarboxylic acid cycle underlies cellular identity. (harvard.edu)
Enzyme1
- This enzyme is detected in all tissues, especially in embryonic tissues and immune cells ( https://www.proteinatlas.org/ ) ( Figures 1B,C ). The full-length human RNase T2 has 256 amino acids (AA) and a predicted size of 29 kD ( Table 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Viruses3
- Infections caused by several positive-stranded RNA viruses allow the characterization of DCLs involved in the RNA-silencing-based antiviral immune responses of plants. (biomedcentral.com)
- DNA is a kind of macromolecule present in all organisms and viruses that belongs to the nucleic acid family. (pharmaguideline.com)
- Dengue computer virus Dengue computer virus (DENV) is usually a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae, which includes the Yellow Fever virus, West Nile computer virus, and around 70 other viruses [1,4]. (enmd-2076.com)
Vivo1
- Expanding the substrate scope of pyrrolysyl-transfer RNA synthetase enzymes to include non-σ-amino acids in vitro and in vivo. (harvard.edu)
Metabolism2
- The Nucleic acid metabolism consists of the DNA metabolism in which there are three main processes, i.e. (pharmaguideline.com)
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipokine with a key regulatory role in glucose and lipid metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
Diseases1
- In this article, we will introduce this small but important guy, micro ribonucleic acid, from five aspects: definition, biosynthetic pathway, nomenclature, functions, the diseases caused by micro ribonucleic acid disorders. (cusabio.com)
Expression1
- If you are purifying RNA/cRNA/cDNA for any expression quantification assay you'd want to minimise bias (i.e. betweeen small and large transcripts). (seqanswers.com)
Helices1
- Human RNase T2 shows a typical structure, containing seven α-helices and eight β-strands. (frontiersin.org)
Small1
- Microfluidic systems provide numerous advantages for single cell analysis: economies of scale, parallelization and automation, and increased sensitivity and precision that comes from small volume reactions. (justia.com)
Isolation1
- Although these systems provide a high-throughput qPCR readout, they do not address the front end sample preparation and require single cell isolation by FACS or micropipette followed by off-chip processing and pre-amplification of starting template prior to analysis. (justia.com)
Cells2
- Microfluidic devices are provided for trapping, isolating, and processing single cells. (justia.com)
- The critical step of integrating all steps of single cell analysis into a robust system capable of performing measurements on large numbers of cells has yet to be reported. (justia.com)