Single photons corresponds. Medical search. Frequent questions

Therefore, we conducted a surveillance to integrate the clinical presentations and Tc-99 m ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission computed tomography (Tc-99 m-ECD SPECT) among patients with low Cbl status. (biomedcentral.com)
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for the detection of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with symptoms suggestive of CAD. (northwestern.edu)
BACKGROUND: Single-photon emission computed tomography is a well-established method of assessing patients with CAD. (northwestern.edu)

The resulting interaction attempts to convert a single photon excitation into a shower of low-energy photons but fails owing to the many-body localization mechanism, which manifests as a striking spectral fine structure of multiparticle resonances at the standing-wave-mode frequencies of the cavity. (nature.com)
The kinetic energy scale is reported relative to the photon energy of the excitation source and so photoelectric line positions with respect to a binding energy scale become independent of the X-rays used to excite the sample, while Auger line positions are invariant with respect to the X-ray anode only when plotted against a kinetic energy scale. (ireggae.com)
The corresponding probe absorption was simulated for continuous wave and pulsed STIRAP excitation demonstrating expectedly weak Rydberg EIT. (dur.ac.uk)
b) Strong laser excitation pushes most fluorophores to a dark state, from which single fluorophores may stochastically return to an emissive state (highlighted in yellow), the centroid position identified (illustrated by black crosses), and finally mapped in a single composite super-resolution reconstruction (f). (microscopyu.com)
In contrast, today's MRI exclusively relies on single-photon excitation. (berkeley.edu)
FIG. 1: The cross section of the diffractive DY process summed over all excitation channels at fixed effective mass MX (left panel) corresponding to the Mueller graph in Regge picture (right panel). (lu.se)

It is based on the idea that emission and absorption of a photon corresponds to the creation and annihilation of a particle-antiparticle pair. (wikipedia.org)
This thesis tackles two applications where Poisson inverse problems arise: phase retrieval and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). (umich.edu)
In order to directly observe lifetime changes and Purcell-enhanced single-photon emission, we manufacture fiber-based cavities with silver-coated mirrors having ultra-small mode volumes, as small as V = 1.0 λ^3 = 0.34 µm^3. (uni-muenchen.de)
The Purcell effect is evidenced by an enhanced fluorescence collection of up to 1.6 · 10^6 photons per second from single-NV centers and a tunable variation of the emission lifetime corresponding to an effective Purcell factor of up to 2. (uni-muenchen.de)
Second-tier imaging with molecular methods, preferably with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) (or single-photon emission CT [SPECT] if PET is unavailable), can provide greater diagnostic specificity. (medscape.com)

Spectroscopic signatures of localization with interacting photons in superconducting qubits. (nature.com)
PsiQuantum also uses light and turns infinitesimally small photons of light into qubits. (forbes.com)
Of the two types of photonic qubits - squeezed light and single photons - PsiQuantum's technology of choice is single-photon qubits. (forbes.com)
Using photons as qubits is a complex process. (forbes.com)
Measurement-induced entanglement of two transmon qubits by a single. (rwth-aachen.de)

This mechanism is shown to be capable of fully entangling two single-photon pulses with high fidelity. (edpsciences.org)
Nowadays, large laser systems provide ultra-short light pulses of very high intensity, which - in principle - allow the imaging of matter and its dynamics on atomic scales, down to a single molecule or a virus. (mytum.de)
Using the well proven concept of ion traps they store a single molecule at a precisely known position and then hit it in a deterministic way with single laser pulses. (mytum.de)
Light pulses comprising a huge number of photons within a period of a few femtoseconds produce images of a single molecule before the radiation damage becomes visible (1 femtosecond corresponds to 10 -15 seconds). (mytum.de)
Using the well proven concept of ion traps they store a single molecule at a precisely known position and then hit it in a deterministic way with single laser pulses that are provided by the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics at MPQ ( Nature Physics, AOP, 5 February 2012, DOI 10.1038/NPHYS2214 ). (mpg.de)
Though still restricted to pulses in the UV range this method makes it possible to resolve the internal dynamics of a single molecular ion consisting of a magnesium ion and a hydrogen atom. (mpg.de)
Polarized single-photon pulses from a HeNe laser are reﬂected from the object and imaged onto an electron-multiplying camera (EMCCD) through an interference ﬁlter (IF). (phys.org)
In the time domain, these harmonics correspond to a series of extremely short light pulses, in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range and with duration a few tens or hundreds of attoseconds. (lu.se)

A key advance was to show strong mixing of light and matter was possible for single molecules even with large absorption of light in the metal and at room temperature. (cam.ac.uk)
Although the actual absorption of each individual photon is a random event that obeys Poisson's distribution, a 1 W beam of 1540 nm light delivers one photon every 1.29 x 10 -19 second, on average. (laserfocusworld.com)
How can energy be conserved in photon absorption at a detector? (stackexchange.com)
This detector should have the same probability of absorption - so there's a finite probability that an atom will emit a single photon (energy $\hbar\omega$ ) but both detectors will click, that is energy of $2\hbar\omega$ will be absorbed. (stackexchange.com)

Entangling a single spin to the polarization of a single incoming photon, generated by an external source, would open new paradigms in quantum optics such as delayed-photon entanglement, deterministic logic gates or fault-tolerant quantum computing. (nature.com)

This thesis presents the design, modelling and preliminary experimental setup of a deterministic single-photon emitter scheme. (dur.ac.uk)

The single-photon multimode LiDAR detector adopts a new single-photon system with the detector output energy according to photons [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Thus, the dead time of the single-photon detector directly affects the detection of the system. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, according to the working principle of single-photon detection, the relationship model between the dead time of the single-photon detector, ranging accuracy, and detection probability is established, and the correctness of the relationship model is verified by simulation under different contrasts. (hindawi.com)
Single-photon counting poses considerable demands on detector design and fabrication. (laserfocusworld.com)
Only in the limit of weak signals-5.16 pW at 1540 nm corresponds to an average of one photon every 0.25 ns-can one speak of a detector "counting" the arrival of individual photons. (laserfocusworld.com)
Overall, we can see that on average, the amount of clicks that we should get after a long time corresponds exactly to an amount of energy absorbed that cancels the amount of energy emitted by the emitter (together with the energy that escaped to directions other than that of the detector). (stackexchange.com)
The threshold corresponds to a sharp increase in the number of photons observed at a detector (grey) placed outside the cavity. (aps.org)

The corresponding orbital angular momentum quantum number of single photons offers a natural way to develop optical quantum computing in Hilbert spaces of higher dimension. (fau.edu)
We confirm that this skew angle is l/kr, corresponding to an orbital angular momentum of lћ per photon. (holoeye.com)
Measurement of orbital angular momentum in this way is an alternative to interferometric techniques giving a non-ambiguous result to both the magnitude and sign of l from a single measurement, without any restriction on the optical bandwidth. (holoeye.com)

These perspectives rely on the possibility that a single spin induces a macroscopic rotation of a photon polarization. (nature.com)
Such polarization rotations induced by single spins were recently observed, yet limited to a few 10 −3 degrees due to poor spin-photon coupling. (nature.com)
The cavity-enhanced coupling between the incoming photons and the solid-state spin results in a polarization rotation by ±6° when the spin is optically initialized in the up or down state. (nature.com)
Another venue to spin-photon interfacing is to make use of the rotation of optical polarization (so-called Faraday or Kerr rotation) induced by a single spin placed at the centre of a cavity-quantum electrodynamics (QED) device. (nature.com)
He showed that the conditions imposed by Bose-Einstein commutation relations for the composite photon and the connection between its spin and polarization were incompatible. (wikipedia.org)
The spin angular momentum of photons, their polarization, provides a useful "quantum bit" for optical quantum computing and cryptography applications. (fau.edu)
The researchers acknowledge that more testing is needed, particularly in a real-world environment where it's possible that natural elements might interfere with the polarization of photons, negating their results. (phys.org)
The period length is 84mm and the minimum magnetic gap is 14mm resulting in a minimum photon energy of 7.45eV for horizontal linear polarization. (lu.se)
The NIM mode was included in the monochromator design to preserve the photon beam polarization produced by the undulator at low photon energies and also to suppress higher order light. (lu.se)

Here we report the enhancement by three orders of magnitude of the spin-photon interaction, using a cavity quantum electrodynamics device. (nature.com)
A single hole spin in a semiconductor quantum dot is deterministically coupled to a micropillar cavity. (nature.com)
This approach allows interfacing a resident spin with a photon generated by an external source, opening new possibilities in quantum optics. (nature.com)
In the following, we study a single hole spin in a QD efficiently coupled to the mode of a micropillar cavity ( Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
Some of the problems for the neutrino theory of light are the non-existence for massless neutrinos with both spin parallel and antiparallel to their momentum and the fact that composite photons are not bosons. (wikipedia.org)
We perform simulations that predict effective Purcell factors of up to 11 for NV centers and of up to 63 for silicon-vacancy centers, revealing a great potential for bright single-photon sources and effcient spin readout at ambient conditions. (uni-muenchen.de)
Only the total energy absorbed by a spin must correspond to the Larmor frequency. (berkeley.edu)
The final factor, , corresponds to the spin couplings. (lu.se)

these transitions release a great deal of energy, corresponding to radiation in the ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. (ireggae.com)
Every type of particle-including the electrons that form part of ordinary matter and the photons that transmit the electromagnetic force-simply corresponds to a specific frequency of vibration of the string. (discovermagazine.com)
For instance, the van der Waals interaction between atoms in free space-variants of which play a fundamental role in many physical, chemical, and biological processes-is mediated by photons of the electromagnetic vacuum between the atoms. (aps.org)

Those densities are also limited, because when you start to pack lots of atoms in a confined space, when one atom emits a photon, it can be re-absorbed by another atom in the sample before it leaves. (scienceblogs.com)
The first part is a system that emits a single photon, at distant times. (stackexchange.com)

However researchers have now managed to place single molecules in such a tiny optical cavity that emitted photons, or particles of light, return to the molecule before they have properly left. (cam.ac.uk)
In 2009, Jeremy O'Brien, a professor at the University of Bristol, published a research paper describing how to repurpose on-chip optical components originally developed by the telecom industry to manipulate single particles of light and perform quantum operations. (forbes.com)

A pilot 1 square meter barrel setup can probe unconstrained dark photon couplings, while QCD axion sensitivity requires a 10 T magnet surrounding a 10 square meter barrel. (uchicago.edu)

This concept holds promise for the implementation of wavelength-tunable, narrow-band single-photon sources as well as the generation of indistinguishable single-photons at ambient conditions. (uni-muenchen.de)

To use single molecules in this way, the researchers had to reliably construct cavities only a billionth of a metre (one nanometre) across in order to trap light. (cam.ac.uk)
In such "single-mode" cavities, the dominant photon-mediated interactions encompass all of the atoms confined in the volume of the cavity mode, and their strength is modulated with the spatial profile of the quasiresonant mode. (aps.org)

Phonon-induced shift of spectral lines: I. (The Rydberg … The spectral lines corresponding to these transitions are predicted to appear as redshifted additive deviations to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum, with most of the Hydrogen lines originating from redshift z'1300 1400 (Rubino-Mart~ n et al. (ireggae.com)

Each resonance was identified as a many-body state of radiation composed of photons from a broad frequency range and not obeying Fermi's golden rule theory. (nature.com)
ALARA principle is applied by guaranteeing the radiation limits for non exposed workers to be 1mSv/y which corresponds to 0.5µSv/h, for 2000 working hours per year. (lu.se)
Interaction of a high-intensity optical laser beam with a solid target can generate `hot' electrons, which generate radiation hazards (mainly bremsstrahlung photons and neutrons) from interaction of hot electrons with target and the surrounding materials. (lu.se)

This multidecade mass sensitivity above conventional resonant cavity haloscopes is achieved using a cryogenically-cooled cylindrical metallic barrel, which converts dark matter into photons. (uchicago.edu)
The nonlinear microresonator converts a single wavelength pump coming in from the left into a rainbow of frequency combs. (scitechdaily.com)
The microcomb efficiently converts photons from single to multiple wavelengths. (scitechdaily.com)

It is complicated to determine the quantum state of a single photon among trillions of photons with a range of varied frequencies and energies. (forbes.com)
We present predictions for the total and differential cross sections of the single diffractive lepton pair production at RHIC and LHC energies. (lu.se)

Two-photon reconstruction of an Alexa 594-filled granule cell shown on the right. (jneurosci.org)
We live in a world where many objects cannot be imaged directly and hence rely on reconstruction algorithms to solve the corresponding inverse imaging problems. (umich.edu)
Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy, STORM , is one of a family of Nobel Prize winning super-resolution Single Molecule Localization Microscopies ( SMLM ) for the visualization of biological systems with an optical resolution measured in the tens of nanometers (nm) in the x, y, and z directions. (microscopyu.com)
By imaging and fitting single emitters to a sub-diffraction limited area over many thousands of single images, eventually the user will have enough data to create a composite reconstruction of all identified emitters. (microscopyu.com)

Here we implement such an experiment using a superconducting multimode cavity, the nonlinearity of which was tailored to strongly violate the photon-number conservation. (nature.com)
We demonstrate cavity-enhanced fluorescence imaging, which allows to locate and analyze several single NV centers with one cavity. (uni-muenchen.de)
However, if the atoms dominantly couple to a single cavity light mode, as is usually the case, the photon-mediated interatomic interactions are long-ranged, limiting the phenomena that can be explored. (aps.org)
Benjamin Lev from Stanford University, California, and colleagues [ 1 ] have now engineered photon-mediated interactions in a cavity QED system that can be tuned from long range to short range. (aps.org)

Based on the single-photon ranging theory, the dead time, measurement accuracy, and detection probability model of single-photon LiDAR are studied. (hindawi.com)
The advantage of photon-counting laser ranging technology is that it can obtain distance information of long-distance targets with lower laser pulse energy, thereby increasing the number of beams, reducing the system's requirements for space-based satellite platforms such as power consumption and telescope aperture, and improving system performance, time resolution accuracy, and detection accuracy. (hindawi.com)
The single-photon detection efficiency and dark count are determined by the dead time of the system. (hindawi.com)
However, you must ALSO consider the joint probability of detection two photons. (stackexchange.com)
A single photon state the probability of joint detection is zero. (stackexchange.com)

The signal is focused using a novel parabolic reflector onto low-noise superconducting photosensors sensitive to single photons in the corresponding frequency range 0.3-30 THz. (uchicago.edu)

a single mode mediates the interaction between the atomic condensate and its mirror image (orange circle with dashed line). (aps.org)

In this context we address the simultaneous estimation of phase and dephasing characterizing a dispersive medium, and we explore the role of frequency correlations within a photon pair generated via parametric down-conversion, when used as a probe for the medium. (degruyter.com)
On the basis of these correlations, we demonstrated that the patient NEC rate can be predicted for a given single-photon rate. (snmjournals.org)
Good correlations between the phantom and the patient scans were obtained for prompt and delayed coincidence count rates measured over the FOV as a function of the single-photon rate. (snmjournals.org)

In order to jam our imaging system, the object must disturb the delicate quantum state of the imaging photons, thus introducing statistical errors that reveal its activity. (phys.org)

The new system relies on the fact, the team writes in their paper uploaded to the preprint server arXiv , that any changes made to such a photon stream would be recognized as false by the system. (phys.org)

The problem is that laser cooling works by scattering photons, and transfers momentum to atoms in (very roughly speaking) multiples of the momentum of a single photon. (scienceblogs.com)
This means it's extremely difficult to get to temperatures lower than the "recoil temperature" corresponding to a sample where all the atoms have, on average, the momentum of a single photon of light at the cooling frequency. (scienceblogs.com)
To reach BEC, you need a different means of cooling and trapping atoms, one that doesn't involve the atms absorbing and emitting photons. (scienceblogs.com)
In this very cold environment also the single molecule comes to a rest and replaces one of the atoms in the ion crystal. (mytum.de)
It could, for example, be a machine that puts, one by one, single excited atoms in the room of the experiment, and waits for a time much longer than than the half-life of the excited state, before bringing in the next atom. (stackexchange.com)

The neutrino theory of light is the proposal that the photon is a composite particle formed of a neutrino-antineutrino pair. (wikipedia.org)
The neutrino theory of light is not currently accepted as part of mainstream physics, as according to the standard model the photon is an elementary particle, a gauge boson. (wikipedia.org)
But any medium that reflects or transmits a single wavelength of light produces a spectral colour. (ireggae.com)
As photons accumulate and their motion intensifies, the frequency comb generates light in the ultraviolet to infrared spectrum. (scitechdaily.com)
The broad spectrum of light generated from the photons increases its usefulness in spectroscopy, optical clocks and astronomy calibration to search for exoplanets . (scitechdaily.com)

Compared with the impulse LiDAR, the single-photon LiDAR has higher measurement sensitivity in the prominent feature, especially for space-based long-distance imaging. (hindawi.com)

In this case, the fate of the photon becomes the long-standing question of many-body localization, originally formulated as a gedanken experiment for the lifetime of a single Fermi-liquid quasiparticle confined to a quantum dot 2 . (nature.com)
The second part of the experiment is simply some space for the photon to travel in, before it reaches the third part which is a photodetector. (stackexchange.com)
Problems such as the effect of the observer on what is observed, the breakdown of the principle of locality in the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment, and the virtual (unobservable) nature of the photon, all call for a better understanding of basic assumptions that might involve consciousness. (arthuryoung.com)

C , Two-photon images of baseline OGB-1 fluorescence (left) and Δ F image frames before and immediately after a single focal stimulus. (jneurosci.org)

Now the conditions are set for hitting the single molecule with a femtosecond laser pulse at a probability of almost 100 percent. (mytum.de)
The upshot is that we get with a very high probability, a single photon in the room at any time. (stackexchange.com)
So with any photon emitted, there's a finite probability (which we can calculate) for a click, and a finite probability for not getting a click. (stackexchange.com)
The probability of the photoelectric effect occurring is not proportional to the square of an electric field, it depends on the photon energy. (stackexchange.com)
There is no probability that a single photon cause two photoelectrons in different detectors. (stackexchange.com)

1 - x2 = xF , where M, kT and xF are the invariant mass, transverse momentum and Feynman xF of the heavy photon (di-lepton). (lu.se)

The line with the longest wavelength within a series corresponds to the electron transition with the lowest energy within that series. (ireggae.com)

In 1938, Maurice Pryce brought work on the composite photon theory to a halt. (wikipedia.org)
Attempts have been made to solve the problem pointed out by Pryce, known as Pryce's theorem, and other problems with the composite photon theory. (wikipedia.org)
However, there is no experimental evidence that the photon has a composite structure. (wikipedia.org)

However, the measurement of single-photon LiDAR may cause measurement errors or input delay. (hindawi.com)
Thus, if a pilot in a war plane responds to radar signals by trying to send back a false pattern, he or she (their equipment actually) would have to know what the original photons looked like, which means they would have to be observed - a form of measurement. (phys.org)

Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. (stackexchange.com)

The researchers were also able to observe steps in the colour spacing of the states corresponding to whether one, two, or three molecules were in the gap. (cam.ac.uk)
Phys.org)-A trio of researchers from the University of Rochester in New York, has created a radar system based on polarized photons that they describe as jam-proof. (phys.org)
But, researchers have also developed ways to circumvent such systems, e.g. using flak, or generating false photon streams. (phys.org)
In their trial system, the researchers sent out a photon stream that had been polarized in one direction, then measured the photons as they were reflected back. (phys.org)

Attempts to solve some of these problems will be discussed, but the lack of massless neutrinos makes it impossible to form a massless photon with this theory. (wikipedia.org)

To detect a single photon, a photodiode must generate a current pulse that is large enough to register on external readout circuitry. (laserfocusworld.com)

Diffraction experiments on single molecules with low-intensity sources require long exposure times in order to reach the number of about 10 13 photons which are necessary to achieve an image. (mytum.de)

This spacing in colour corresponds to photons taking less than a trillionth of a second to come back to the molecule. (cam.ac.uk)
Finding single-molecule signatures took months of data collection," said Chikkaraddy. (cam.ac.uk)
The challenge is now to prepare a single molecule so reliable that it can be deterministically placed within the laser pulse. (mytum.de)
The centroid position of each identified molecule is statistically fitted, most often to a Gaussian function, and with a level of precision scaling with the number of detected photons. (microscopyu.com)

One way to solve the problems mentioned above is to study the spatial structure of biological particles, using methods such as single-particle imaging (SPI). (iucr.org)

The simulation results demonstrate that the model can accurately perform the relationship between dead time and single-photon LiDAR system parameters. (hindawi.com)

Today most users work exclusively on the 800l/mm grating throughout the entire photon energy range. (lu.se)

The laser echo pulse contains at least thousands of photons of energy [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

Interactions mediated by photons are ubiquitous in physical systems. (aps.org)
Drell-Yan process, which is caused by a specific interplay of the soft and hard interactions, and resulting in rather unusual properties of the corresponding observables. (lu.se)

Because PMT needs complex circuit and high bias voltage to drive it, while the gain of ordinary APD is too low to reach the requirement of detecting single photon. (scirp.org)
It is worth noting that the single-photon LiDAR can be used for relative position and velocity control in spacecraft rendezvous and docking with high precision, which can also be adopted in distributed space systems, e.g., satellite constellation, satellite swarm, and federated satellite, including many satellites distributed in different orbits cooperating with each other to perform a very complex space mission [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
To achieve low dark-count rates and high single-photon quantum efficiency, one would like to have several attributes: APDs that have low primary dark current (less than 1 pA), low trap density in the depletion region, short detrap time (less than 10% of the interpulse time interval), and a multiplication region with a favorable ionization coefficient ratio. (laserfocusworld.com)
The flutter changes the box filter to a broad-band filter that preserves high-frequency spatial details in the blurred image and the corresponding deconvolution becomes a well-posed problem. (mit.edu)
In this paper, we propose a novel coded exposure camera and show that by fluttering the shutter in a single exposure, one can retain high frequencies. (mit.edu)
It takes the bulk of the heat load, and for this reason the pitch angle requires some supervision for high-heatload conditions below 20eV photon energy. (lu.se)

In a nonlinear medium, even a single photon would decay by down-converting (splitting) into lower-frequency photons with the same total energy 1 , at a rate given by Fermi's golden rule. (nature.com)
Traditional assumptions are that cyclic photosynthesis involving only ATP generation as in some archaea and then lower energy photosystems, such as based on H 2 S, involving only a single type A or B photosystem preceded the photosynthetic apparatus found today in cyanobacteria. (dhushara.com)
The beamline energy resolution is determined by the photon energy, the grating, the exit slit hgap and the monochromator cff setting. (lu.se)
An interactive resolution calculator is also available within pesto, which will provide the ray-tracing resolution estimates for all three cPGM gratings for all photon energy and hgap combinations. (lu.se)

Here, we provide a comprehensive experimental and analytical workflow to acquire and analyze Ca 2+ imaging data of oligodendroglia at the population and single-cell levels in preclinical mouse models of myelin repair. (biorxiv.org)

In fact, the single-photon LiDAR can make sense to provide the state information [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

The microcomb works by connecting two interdependent elements: a microresonator, which is a ring-shaped micrometer-scale structure that envelopes the photons and generates the frequency comb, and an output bus-waveguide. (scitechdaily.com)

In this case, the virtual photon is predominantly emitted by the valence quarks of the proton p1. (lu.se)
We postpone this case for future studies, and concentrate here on the single diffractive Drell-Yan process. (lu.se)

Basko, D., Aleiner, I. & Altshuler, B. Metal-insulator transition in a weakly interacting many-electron system with localized single-particle states. (nature.com)
And the same quantum weirdness, or indeterminism, turns up in other system, such as firing a single photon at a screen with multiple openings in it. (scienceblogs.com)
But when they set up a system to modify the photons before sending them back, the error rate jumped to close to 50 percent. (phys.org)
Also, they note, there's the problem of systems with multiple photon streams allowing for siphoning off of photons that go undetected by the system. (phys.org)

The raw data collected in this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. (nature.com)
The code used to analyse the data reported in this study is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. (nature.com)

Traditional radar systems work by shooting photons at a target and then measuring the reflections that occur as a result. (phys.org)
Yi and Xiao co-supervised this work and are the corresponding authors. (scitechdaily.com)

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