Sindbis virus induces apoptosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Sindbis virus causes neuronal death by inducing apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Sindbis virus-induced neuronal death is both necrotic and apoptotic and is ameliorated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. (nih.gov)

Viruses kill neurons directly by inducing either apoptosis or necrosis or indirectly as a result of the host immune response. (nih.gov)
11. Failure of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage by caspases leads to induction of necrosis and enhanced apoptosis. (nih.gov)
For the optimal evolutionary survival of the host after encephalitis, the clearance of virus infection from neurons must be noncytolytic, without apoptosis or necrosis. (medscape.com)

Host production of antibody to a viral surface glycoprotein acts to downregulate virus replication in the infected neurons by a noncytolytic mechanism and clears infectious virus from the central nervous system. (nih.gov)
Serologically, XJ-160 reacted with and was neutralized by an anti-Sindbis antibody. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors protected neurons from SV-induced death without affecting virus replication or SV-induced apoptotic cell death. (nih.gov)
A single amino acid change in the E2 glycoprotein of Sindbis virus confers neurovirulence by altering an early step of virus replication. (microbiologyresearch.org)
8. Involvement of PARP and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in the early stages of apoptosis and DNA replication. (nih.gov)
E protein (i.e. small en- velope protein) is present in infected cells, as well as in the viral envelope, and plays a significant role in virus replication [9]. (pdfroom.com)
Our previous in vitro screening showed that hesperetin, a bioflavonoid exhibits inhibitory effect on the virus intracellular replication. (peerj.com)
The ligand's tendencies of binding to the important proteins for CHIKV replication were consistent with our previous in vitro screening which showed its efficacy in blocking the virus intracellular replication. (peerj.com)
Mutations in the membrane-proximal region of the influenza A virus M2 protein cytoplasmic tail have modest effects on virus replication. (shengsci.com)
In order to systematically investigate the role of the membrane-proximal residues in the M2 cytoplasmic tail in virus replication, we utilized scanning and directed alanine mutagenesis in combination wit. (shengsci.com)

Sindbis virus (SV) is an alphavirus that induces apoptotic cell death both in vitro and in vivo. (nih.gov)
However, apoptotic changes are not always evident in neurons induced to die by alphavirus infection. (nih.gov)
3. Rapid activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase contributes to Sindbis virus and staurosporine-induced apoptotic cell death. (nih.gov)
10. Gain-of-function of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 upon cleavage by apoptotic proteases: implications for apoptosis. (nih.gov)
The expression of Catalase , encoding an H 2 O 2 scavenger in the cytosol, increases delamination and induces apoptotic nuclear fragmentation in caspase-3-activated cells. (sdbonline.org)

The virus replicates at low levels, such that surface expression of the rabies glycoprotein is very low. (medscape.com)
The G glycoprotein is the major attachment protein for rabies virus, containing the four major antigenic sites, including conformation-dependent and the linear epitopes. (medscape.com)
The overexpression of the G glycoprotein increases the induction of apoptosis in cell lines and immunogenicity in animals. (medscape.com)

As neurons mature, they become resistant to virus-induced apoptosis, resulting in a persistent infection. (nih.gov)
Therefore, mature neurons infected with virulent viruses do not recover from infection even in the presence of an adequate immune response. (nih.gov)
Virus infection of neurons leads to different outcomes ranging from latent and noncytolytic infection to cell death. (nih.gov)

Sindbis virus is an alphavirus that causes encephalitis in mice. (nih.gov)
[ 17 ] This noncytolytic mechanism for clearing viruses is probably more common than generally appreciated, because most infectious encephalitis is resolved without permanent sequelae to the host. (medscape.com)
[ 18 ] The inferred 'upstream' presence of high levels of IFN-γ in human rabies suggests that both components (antibodies and type II interferons) required for noncytolytic clearance of neurotropic Sindbis alphavirus from the brain are also present in human rabies encephalitis. (medscape.com)
Clearance of a productive lentivirus infection in calves experimentally inoculated with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. (shengsci.com)

The outcome of neuronal infection is dependent on the age of the mouse at the time of infection (maturity of the neuron) and the strain of virus used for infection (virulence of the virus). (nih.gov)
In 1993, Jeffrey Ulmer and co-workers at Merck Research Laboratories demonstrated that direct injection of mice with plasmid DNA encoding a flu antigen protected the animals against subsequent experimental infection with influenza virus. (wikipedia.org)
The mechanism for noncytolytic clearance has not been well elucidated, but appears similar in rabies virus infections and the better-studied Sindbis virus infection in mice. (medscape.com)
Infection from a broad range of viruses can result in arthralgias and arthritis. (medscape.com)
In some cases the specific virus involved can be identified on the basis of the clinical features of systemic infection, but in many cases serologic testing is necessary for diagnosis, guided by clinical and epidemiologic data. (medscape.com)
Viruses can cause infection or act as cofactors in the development of rheumatic diseases. (medscape.com)
Chen and colleagues found that alphavirus infection results in bone loss in a mouse model of Ross River virus, and that bone loss was prevented by inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6). (medscape.com)
Protects against infection by a neurovirulent strain of Sindbis virus (PubMed:9765397). (drugbank.com)

It was the high structural homology between SARS-CoV E protein and MHV E protein that first suggested that the apoptosis induction feature of the SARS-CoV E protein might be conserved. (pdfroom.com)
Viruses induce the production of interferon (IFN), which after binding to the IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR), and triggering of the JAK/STAT signaling cascade, results in the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). (scienceopen.com)
CD4+ T-cell depletion in AIDS patients involves induction of apoptosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and noninfected T cells. (shengsci.com)

A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that transfects a specific antigen-coding DNA sequence into the cells of an organism as a mechanism to induce an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
Conventional vaccines contain either specific antigens from a pathogen, or attenuated viruses which stimulate an immune response in the vaccinated organism. (wikipedia.org)
[ 19 ] IFN-γ has been largely neglected in rabies research, but is critical to the humoral immune response that clears rabies virus from the mouse brain. (medscape.com)
The rapid immune response to these strains often limits extension of peripherally inoculated rabies virus to the level of the spinal cord - causing permanent poliomyelitis-like paresis - while generally sparing the brain. (medscape.com)
A major area of research defined by our lab is on heterologous immunity, whereby the T and B cell immune response elicited by one virus may alter the pathogenesis of disease initiated by a second unrelated virus. (umassmed.edu)

Caspase 3-resistant PARP mutant increases rates of apoptosis in transfected cells. (nih.gov)
12. Caspase-3-mediated processing of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase during apoptosis. (nih.gov)
13. Synthetic 1,4-anthracenedione analogs induce cytochrome c release, caspase-9, -3, and -8 activities, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 cleavage and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells by a mechanism which involves caspase-2 activation but not Fas signaling. (nih.gov)
14. A dual role for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 during caspase-dependent apoptosis. (nih.gov)
16. Caspase-dependent apoptosis and -independent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage induced by transforming growth factor beta1. (nih.gov)
These results demonstrate that most delaminating cells undergo caspase activation, but this activation is not sufficient for apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)

Specific genetic changes in the virus result in more virulent strains that cause severe disease and sometimes death in mature animals. (nih.gov)
Deduced consensus sequence of Sindbis virus strain AR339: mutations contained in laboratory strains which affect cell culture and in vivo phenotypes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Genetic relatedness of Sindbis virus strains from Europe, Middle East, and Africa. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Genomic divergence among Sindbis virus strains. (microbiologyresearch.org)
[ 20 ] Fixed strains of rabies virus replicate at much higher levels and bud promiscuously from infected cells. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] These laboratory-adapted strains are ideal for engineering recombinant viruses that are capable of providing protection against the challenge virus even after single vaccination schedules. (medscape.com)
[ 21 ] Laboratory-adapted strains are not useful for understanding neural dysfunction or the immunology of wild-type rabies viruses. (medscape.com)

These results demonstrate, for the first time, a novel molecular mechanism of T-cell apoptosis that contributes to the SARS-CoV- induced lymphopenia observed in most SARS patients. (pdfroom.com)

They altered the DNA of cowpox virus by inserting a gene from other viruses (namely Herpes simplex virus, hepatitis B and influenza). (wikipedia.org)
We generated viral constructs coexpressing SIVmac239 Gag in addition to one of three TAP inhibitors: herpes simplex virus 2 ICP47, bovine herpes virus 1 UL49.5, or rhesus cytomegalovirus Rh185. (shengsci.com)
Enhancement of sindbis virus self-replicating RNA vaccine potency by linkage of herpes simplex virus type 1 VP22 protein to antigen. (shengsci.com)

1 and IgG on day 2 for some patients, and in all patients of the same strain of CHIKV to India proves that the virus from day 5 onward. (cdc.gov)

A second clearance mechanism in the Sindbis model requires cytokines (notably IFN-γ) to clear viruses from brain astrocytes. (medscape.com)
Your immune system produces proteins called antibodies that attach to and try to kill the invading bacteria or virus, cells that literally eat the invading germs, and cytokines that marshal your entire immune system to destroy harmful germs that are trying to invade your body. (onedaymd.com)

Notwithstanding, the mechanism by which SARS-CoV (SARS coronavirus) induces the death of immune cells remains poorly defined. (pdfroom.com)

[ 18 ] A subset of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), reactive with surface-expressed viral antigens, are internalized into the cytoplasm and inhibit virus transcription and translation. (medscape.com)

While astrocytes are not generally infected by rabies virus, recent metabolomic studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from humans infected by rabies show very high levels of quinolinic acid (QA), a tryptophan degradation pathway under the control of IFN-γ. (medscape.com)
In the current study, we employ TUBEs as affinity capture reagents to monitor PROTAC-induced poly-ubiquitination and degradation as a measure of potency. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

The HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-transactivating protein Tat enhances apoptosis and activation-induced cell death (AICD) of human T cells. (shengsci.com)

Studies performed over the past several years have shown that ISG15 plays a central role in the host's antiviral response against many viruses. (scienceopen.com)
IFN-stimulated gene 15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza, herpes, and Sindbis viruses. (scienceopen.com)

15. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activation mediates lung epithelial cell death in vitro but is not essential in hyperoxia-induced lung injury. (nih.gov)
Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of NOX enzymes blocks follicle-stimulating hormone-induced oocyte maturation in mouse cumulus-oocyte complex in vitro. (sdbonline.org)

This virus, designated XJ-160, rapidly produced cytopathic effects on mosquito and hamster cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Because these proteins contain regions of amino acid sequences that are characteristic of bacteria or viruses, they are recognized as foreign and when they are processed by the host cells and displayed on their surface, the immune system is alerted, which then triggers immune responses. (wikipedia.org)
Early death is induced experimentally by vaccination or transfer of effector cells or antibodies during symptomatic disease, and leads to accentuated symptoms and earlier demise. (medscape.com)
Our results showed that SARS-CoV E protein induced apoptosis in the transfected Jurkat T-cells, which was amplified to higher apoptosis rates in the absence of growth factors. (pdfroom.com)
Our laboratory has demonstrated that natural killer cells become activated during viral infections and contribute to natural resistance to viruses, though they sometimes can act antagonistically by interfering with anti-viral T cell responses. (umassmed.edu)
This is sometimes mediated by T cells cross-reactive between unrelated viruses. (umassmed.edu)
We have also shown that virus-specific T cells often cross-react with allogeneic tissue, and we are studying the role of those cross-reactive T cells in allograft rejection. (umassmed.edu)
Weak vaccinia virus-induced NK cell regulation of CD4 T cells is associated with reduced NK cell differentiation and cytolytic activity. (umassmed.edu)
Infected cells can undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death). (medscape.com)
Parvovirus B19 is a small, single-stranded DNA virus that replicates in dividing cells and thus has a remarkable tropism for human erythroid progenitor cells. (medscape.com)
In mature follicles, the zinc finger transcription factor Hindsight (HNT) induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) in posterior follicle cells and octopamine receptor in mushroom body (OAMB) in all follicle cells. (sdbonline.org)
Although the determinants of MHC-E-restricted T cell priming remain unknown, these cells are induced in humans infected with pathogens containing genes that inhibit the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). (shengsci.com)
However, little is known concerning how these cells are induced. (shengsci.com)
Understanding the underlying mechanisms that induce these T cells would provide a powerful new vaccine strategy to an array of neoplasms and viral and bacterial pathogens. (shengsci.com)
Resistance of chimpanzee T cells to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-enhanced oxidative stress and apoptosis. (shengsci.com)
IRES elements have been found in numerous transcripts from viruses that infect vertebrate, invertebrate, or plant cells, as well as in transcripts from vertebrate and invertebrate genes. (allindianpatents.com)

The E protein from MHV can induce apoptosis that can be inhibited by overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 [14]. (pdfroom.com)

SARS-CoV (SARS corona- virus), a novel coronavirus that has been etiologically associated with SARS cases, is homologous with MHV (murine hepatitis coronavirus), and MHV small envelope E protein is capable of inducing apoptosis. (pdfroom.com)
We hypothesized that SARS-CoV encodes a small envelope E protein that is homologous with MHV E protein, thus inducing T-cell apoptosis. (pdfroom.com)
However, apoptosis was inhibited by overexpressed antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL. (pdfroom.com)
Importantly, E protein is also conserved among all the corona- viruses [Pfam (protein family database): pfam02723.8, NS3 envE]. (pdfroom.com)
Bcl-2 is a Bcl-xL homologue and the founding member of the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL apoptosis regulatory protein family [15]. (pdfroom.com)

[ 3 ] The rabies virus phosphoprotein downmodulates the type I interferon signaling pathway by interfering with STAT1 phosphorylation and localization. (medscape.com)

We also examine the dynamics of CD8 T cell activation, death by apoptosis, and memory in viral infections. (umassmed.edu)

Here we report the isolation of a Sindbis-like virus from a pool of Anopheles mosquitoes collected in Xinjiang, China during an arbovirus survey. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Mice lacking ISG15 display increased susceptibility to multiple viruses. (scienceopen.com)

To calculate DMXAA induced alterations in vascular function, DR1 was calculated by subtracting postcontrast R1 values calculated immediately after contrast agent administration from those obtained 4 and 24 hours right after contrast agent administration in each control and DMXAA treated tumors. (pimsignaling.com)

transmitted Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has recently caused large outbreaks in a wide geographical distribution of the world including countries in Europe and America. (peerj.com)
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus classified under the arthritogenic group of Alphavirus genus from the Togaviridae family ( Assunção-Miranda, Cruz-Oliveira & Da Poian, 2013 ). (peerj.com)

In 2016 a DNA vaccine for the Zika virus began testing in humans at the National Institutes of Health. (wikipedia.org)
A veterinary DNA vaccine to protect horses from West Nile virus has been approved. (wikipedia.org)
Another West Nile virus vaccine has been tested successfully on American robins. (wikipedia.org)

Although homologous with each of the existing three groups of coronaviruses, SARS-CoV is most similar to the group 2 coronaviruses, which includes MHV (murine hepatitis virus) [6]. (pdfroom.com)

Structure of the Ockelbo virus genome and its relationship to other Sindbis viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Genetic and antigenic variations among geographical isolates of Sindbis virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)

7. Intact cell evidence for the early synthesis, and subsequent late apopain-mediated suppression, of poly(ADP-ribose) during apoptosis. (nih.gov)

5. Regulation of DNAS1L3 endonuclease activity by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation during etoposide-induced apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Similar to ubiquitin, through an IFN induced conjugation cascade, ISG15 is covalently linked to a variety of cellular proteins, suggesting regulation of different cellular processes. (scienceopen.com)

Influenza A virus encodes M2, a proton channel that has been shown to be important during virus entry and assembly. (shengsci.com)

18. Protease activation and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: an integral part of apoptosis in response to photodynamic treatment. (nih.gov)
Pim-1 is mainly involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcriptional activation. (pimsignaling.com)

Geographic distribution and evolution of Sindbis virus in Australia. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Both belong to the African/European genetic lineage of Sindbis virus, albeit more distantly related to other members. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Genetic determinants of Sindbis virus neuroinvasiveness. (microbiologyresearch.org)

In addition, pathological observations [4] suggested that lymphocyte apoptosis directly induced by SARS-CoV might be the major cause of lymphopenia [14,17]. (pdfroom.com)
Furthermore, several viruses have developed immune evasion strategies that directly target the ISG15 pathway. (scienceopen.com)

2. Role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in apoptosis. (nih.gov)
4. Transient poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of nuclear proteins and role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in the early stages of apoptosis. (nih.gov)

Rubella virus is the sole member of the Rubivirus genus (Togaviridae family) and is a single-stranded RNA virus. (medscape.com)
RNA virus of the genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae . (cdc.gov)

109 copies/mL have imported the virus back to Europe and the United plasma). (cdc.gov)

Anatomy16

Organisms55

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Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes51

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