• Reference: Mechanism of anti-human immunodeficiency virus action of polyoxometalates, a class of broad-spectrum antiviral agents. (neb.com)
  • Various polyoxometalates proved inhibitory to the replication of a number of enveloped DNA and RNA viruses, i.e., herpesviruses (herpes simplex and cytomegalo), togaviruses (Sindbis), paramyxoviruses (respiratory syncytial), rhabdoviruses (vesicular stomatitis), arenaviruses (Junin and Tacaribe), and retroviruses [human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2), simian immunodeficiency virus, and murine sarcoma virus]. (neb.com)
  • 15H2O], inhibited HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus at concentrations as low as 0.008-0.8 microM. (neb.com)
  • A virus identified in apes living in forests south of the Sanaga River is the closestfound to the human immunodeficiency virus. (balloon-juice.com)
  • External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)
  • Cellular factors regulate transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes of Tat from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus Vpr product is a virion-associated regulatory protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The surge in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) research in order to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a better understanding of the retroviral life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
  • The 400 known viruses are classified in several ways: by genome core (RNA or DNA), host (animals, plants, or bacteria), method of reproduction (such as retrovirus), mode of transmission (such as enterovirus), and disease produced (such as hepatitis virus). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Conditional lethal mutants of adenovirus 2-simian virus 40 hybrids. (cshl.edu)
  • To overcome this obstacle, conditional oncolytic viruses (such as conditional replication adenovirus (CRAD)) are developed to specifically target prostate without (or with minimal) systemic toxicity due to viral self-replication. (hindawi.com)
  • Endothelial cells transformed by SV40 T-antigen cause Kaposi's sarcoma-like tumors in nude mice. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • Isolation of virus related to SV40 from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • Geissler, E. "SV40 in human intracranial tumors: passenger virus or oncogenic 'hit-and-run' agent? (vaccineinjury.info)
  • Among these four studies, the same 53kD protein (called p53) was detected-and confirmed with peptide maps-in SV40-transformed cells and malignant cells that are not transformed by a virus, whereas decreased p53 levels were observed in uninfected normal cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The simple reason for this is that the virus has burned its way through chimpanzee populations for thousands of years, a long enough time for the virions which do not kill their host, at least not quickly, to outcompete the most lethal strains. (balloon-juice.com)
  • When a virus meets a new species for the first time it will burn through the immunologically- naive animals mercilessly, until a period of coevolution takes place in which resistance alleles spread in the host populations and the fiercest strains of virus lose out to strains which keep the host alive long enough to spread more widely. (balloon-juice.com)
  • Natural Simian Virus 40 Strains are Present in Human Choroid Plexus and Ependymoma Tumors. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • Kelly, F. , Sambrook, J. (1974) Variants of Simian Virus 40-Transformed Mouse Cells Resistant to Cytochalasin-B. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 39. (cshl.edu)
  • Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • Association between the occurrence of antibodies to simian vacuolating virus 40 and bladder cancer in male smokers. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
  • This is the first study describing the production and distribution of ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNAs and proteins using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in murine ocular tissue sections of normal control eyes and tumoral eyes from mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
  • Simian virus 40-related antigens in three human meningiomas with defined chromosome loss. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • The common influenza viruses have antigens that mutate or combine readily, requiring new vaccines with each mutation. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Cherkeziia, SE, et al, "Disorders in the Murine Chromosome Apparatus Induced By Immunization with a Complex of Anti-viral Vaccines," Vopr Virusol, 1979 Sept Oct, (5):547-550. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • Viral architecture is very complex, but every virus contains at least a genome and a capsid. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Transgenic mice bearing PB promoter fused to simian virus 40 large tumor antigen gene all consistently develop prostate adenocarcinoma [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • A novel retrovirus, human T -celllymphomaleukemia virus (HTLV), has been isolated from the fresh and cultured cells of two of these patients. (science-connections.com)
  • In: Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology XXXIX: Tumor Viruses, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. (cshl.edu)
  • Since several animal RNA tumor viruses (Klein 1980) and cells of the putative human retroviruses isolated to date (Bronson et al. (science-connections.com)
  • Among the biological agents re- because species specificity limits the causes lymphoproliferative diseas- viewed in Volume 100B of the IARC feasibility of this approach for most of es in New World monkeys and in Monographs (IARC, 2012) are sever- these viruses. (who.int)
  • For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
  • For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)
  • However, except non-primate species often do not mour viruses is often problematic, for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which accurately reflect the mechanism of Part 1 ยท Chapter 9. (who.int)
  • The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • When bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a causative agent of B-cellleukemia and lymphoma of cows, is injected into sheep, lymphoid leukemia and lymphoma, including a cutaneous form, occur which to our knowledge have not been subclassified (Olson 1979). (science-connections.com)
  • Some of the most virulent diseases are caused by viruses, e.g., the hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A number of PSPs have been defined over the years that include, but not limited to, promoters of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), probasin (PB), mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV LTR), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), and prostatic steroid-binding protein C3. (hindawi.com)
  • 1975). Although the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a DNA virus of the herpes group, is implicated in some aspect of Burkitt's lymphoma, a B-cell disease (De- The 1980), the etiology of all the T -cell neoplasias is, as of yet, obscure. (science-connections.com)
  • Viruses are also responsible for the common cold, childhood exanthems (such as chickenpox, measles, rubella), latent infections (such as herpes simplex), some cancers or lymphomas (such as Epstein-Barr virus), and diseases of all organ systems. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Subsequent characterization of this virus has shown that it is not significantly related to any known animal retrovirus, is not an endogenous (genetically transmitted) virus of man, and so far has been associated only with fresh or cultured T -cells from patients with T -cell neoplasia. (science-connections.com)
  • Replication-competent viruses, also known as oncolytic viruses, replicate within transduced cells and force these cells into a lytic cycle. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, strategies to use conditional oncolytic virus, or the so-called attenuated replication-competent viruses, to specifically target prostate tissue have been developed [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • ABBR: AAV A genus in the parvovirus family whose members cannot replicate without the presence of another virus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Thus, E1 protein expression will be confined strictly to the prostate tissues and render this a conditional oncolytic virus (CRAD) within the prostate. (hindawi.com)
  • Released virus is then able to infect neighboring cells until all susceptible cells are eliminated. (hindawi.com)
  • New viruses are then released either by destroying their host cell or by forming small buds that break off and infect other cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Simian virus 40 in a human cancer. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • Patients with osteosarcoma are best treated at a cancer center where an expert sarcoma team and resources are available to provide specialized and responsive care. (sarcomahelp.org)
  • Although virus-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to combat advanced prostate cancer, its current effectiveness is limited partially due to inefficient cellular transduction in vivo . (hindawi.com)
  • Positive strand RNA viruses include many important human pathogens such as hepatitis C virus, which chronically infects nearly 3% of the world population, causing progressive liver damage and liver cancer, and the new SARS coronavirus. (wisc.edu)
  • From 'time of addition' experiments, whereby the polyoxometalates were added at different times after virus infection, their mechanism of anti-HIV action could be attributed to inhibition of virus-cell binding. (neb.com)
  • Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)
  • The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)
  • SIVcpz does not cause an Aids-like illness among chimpanzees, despite its similarity to the human virus and the very close genetic relationship between chimps and humans. (balloon-juice.com)
  • The virus is harmless to macaques or may cause only a herpetic rash in macaques, but in humans it often produces fatal infections of the brain and meninges. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A virus commonly found in macaques (Old World monkeys) but not in other primates. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Viruses with lipid envelopes have a greater ability to adhere to cell membranes and to avoid destruction by the immune system. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Most animal viruses are also surrounded by a lipid envelope (a bilayered membrane analogous to a cell membrane). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Each kind is rare, yet all together sarcomas affect hundreds of thousands of people around the world. (sarcomahelp.org)
  • A virus with reduced pathogenicity as a result of treatment or repeated passage through hosts. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The foamy virus family: molecular biology, epidemiology and neuropathology. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Our studies integrate molecular genetics, genomics, biochemistry and cell biology to address fundamental questions in virus replication and virus-cell interactions. (wisc.edu)
  • As well as solving the mystery of the origin of the virus, the findings prepare the way for future work exploring the history and behaviour of the simian form of HIV in its natural host. (balloon-juice.com)
  • cell for the virus is placed in a mu- studies costly and difficult. (who.int)
  • These results show that LMP1 , mour viruses classified by IARC in EBV-specific T-cell response. (who.int)
  • When viruses enter a cell, they may immediately trigger a disease process or may remain quiescent for years. (unboundmedicine.com)