• For example, HIV-2 and most simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) use their accessory protein Nef to prevent T cell activation and antiviral gene expression by downmodulating the T cell receptor CD3. (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on analysis of strains found in four species of monkeys from Bioko Island, which was isolated from the mainland by rising sea levels about 11,000 years ago, it has been concluded that SIV has been present in monkeys and apes for at least 32,000 years, and probably much longer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). (lookformedical.com)
  • Virus strains from three of these primate species, SIVsmm in sooty mangabeys, SIVgor in gorillas and SIVcpz in chimpanzees, are believed to have crossed the species barrier into humans, resulting in HIV-2 and HIV-1 respectively, the two HIV viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • The simian (monkey-hosted) immunodeficiency viruses are a species of retrovirus in the Primate group of genus Lentivirus along with the human viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2 that cause AIDS, and a few other viruses that infect other primates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 transmission dynamics in rural villages in the democratic republic of the congo with high nonhuman primate exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • SIV was isolated in 1985 from some of these animals, captive rhesus macaques suffering from simian AIDS (SAIDS). (wikipedia.org)
  • While human immunodeficiency virus has a limited number of subtypes, SIV is now known to infect a few dozen species of non-human primates, and distinct strains are often associated with each species, or with a set of closely related species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Outbreak Investigation Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in Massachusetts Enhanced by HIV Sequence Data. (cdc.gov)
  • The surge in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) research in order to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a better understanding of the retroviral life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is a species of retrovirus that cause persistent infections in at least 45 species of non-human primates. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, while the late stages of the retrovirus life cycle, consisting of virus replication and egress, have been partly unraveled, the early steps remain largely enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A novel retrovirus, human T -celllymphomaleukemia virus (HTLV), has been isolated from the fresh and cultured cells of two of these patients. (science-connections.com)
  • Subsequent characterization of this virus has shown that it is not significantly related to any known animal retrovirus, is not an endogenous (genetically transmitted) virus of man, and so far has been associated only with fresh or cultured T -cells from patients with T -cell neoplasia. (science-connections.com)
  • Related viruses in other groups in the genus infect other mammals like sheep and goats, horses, cattle, cats and a few others. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genus is one of 6 genera in subfamily orthoretrovirinae which together with genus Spumavirus form family retroviridae of all RNA retroviruses (RNA viruses which use a DNA intermediate). (wikipedia.org)
  • Since several animal RNA tumor viruses (Klein 1980) and cells of the putative human retroviruses isolated to date (Bronson et al. (science-connections.com)
  • Xenotransplantation of organs from chimpanzees and baboons has been avoided, however, because of ethical concerns and fear of transmission of deadly viruses (see Biologic Barriers to Xenotransplantation). (medscape.com)
  • Now Wolfe is taking his "viral surveillance" project on the road, fueled by a burst of grants that will allow him to set up shop in other tropical hot spots that have histories of spawning deadly viruses, including cholera, bird flu, and SARS. (tomclynes.com)
  • 1975). Although the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a DNA virus of the herpes group, is implicated in some aspect of Burkitt's lymphoma, a B-cell disease (De- The 1980), the etiology of all the T -cell neoplasias is, as of yet, obscure. (science-connections.com)
  • HIV-2 was more similar to the then-known SIV strains than to HIV-1, suggesting for the first time the simian origin of HIV. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further studies indicated that HIV-2 is derived from the SIVsmm strain found in sooty mangabeys, whereas HIV-1, the predominant virus found in humans, is derived from SIV strains infecting chimpanzees (SIVcpz). (wikipedia.org)
  • Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. (lookformedical.com)
  • Unlike HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in humans, SIV infections in their natural simian non-human hosts appear in many cases to be non-pathogenic due to evolutionary adaptation of the hosts to the virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • These include, but are not limited to, (1) preventing hyperacute rejection, (2) preventing acute vascular rejection, (3) facilitating immune accommodation, (4) inducing immune tolerance, (5) preventing the transmission of viruses from xenografts into humans, and (6) addressing the ethical issues surrounding animal sources for xenografts and the appropriate selection of recipients (given that xenotransplantation remains experimental). (medscape.com)
  • The group will run tests later to see if the animal that Bidja and his family would soon devour is infected with a particularly nasty virus that could jump to humans, ultimately becoming the next deadly pandemic. (tomclynes.com)
  • Extensive studies in sooty mangabeys have established that SIVsmm infection does not cause any disease in these primates, despite high levels of circulating virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Solidly built, with curly hair and plump, whiskered cheeks, Wolfe, 38, is at the muddy-boots vanguard of an ambitious movement that seeks to shift the way the world approaches disease control, from containing outbreaks to launching preemptive strikes against emerging viruses. (tomclynes.com)
  • Hence, in our initial attempts to develop cell lines from patients with T -cell neoplasias, we chose clinical subpopulations which represent a more mature form of disease, namely, the cutaneous T -cell lymphomas and leukemias and E-rosette positive T -cell ALL (Gupta and Good 1980). (science-connections.com)
  • Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • When bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a causative agent of B-cellleukemia and lymphoma of cows, is injected into sheep, lymphoid leukemia and lymphoma, including a cutaneous form, occur which to our knowledge have not been subclassified (Olson 1979). (science-connections.com)
  • It was here, scientists now believe, that a chimp virus that would mutate into HIV made its first foray into the blood of a hunter like Brice Bidja. (tomclynes.com)
  • SIV was isolated in 1985 from some of these animals, captive rhesus macaques suffering from simian AIDS (SAIDS). (wikipedia.org)
  • Rapamycin limits CD4+ T cell proliferation in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques on antiretroviral therapy. (umassmed.edu)
  • Further studies indicated that HIV-2 is derived from the SIVsmm strain found in sooty mangabeys, whereas HIV-1, the predominant virus found in humans, is derived from SIV strains infecting chimpanzees (SIVcpz). (wikipedia.org)
  • Immunodeficiency resembling human AIDS was reported in captive monkeys in the United States beginning in 1983. (wikipedia.org)
  • The disease has killed 20 million people worldwide, and it is estimated that 40 million more are infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the virus that causes AIDS. (rastafarispeaks.com)
  • The AIDS virus was first discovered by Robert Gallo at the National Cancer Institute in April 1984. (rastafarispeaks.com)
  • Shortly thereafter Luc Montagnier of the Pasteur Institute in Paris claimed that he (and not Gallo) had first discovered the AIDS virus. (rastafarispeaks.com)
  • In Montagnier's book, Virus (2000), he states: "The origin of the epidemic remains a mystery, and the virus seems older than the epidemic" and "it is important to distinguish between the origins of the virus and that of the (AIDS) epidemic. (rastafarispeaks.com)
  • The virus was quickly renamed human T-cell lymphotropic virus-3 (HTLV-3), perhaps to obscure the connection of the AIDS virus to laboratory cancer viruses, and to downplay any association between cancer (which is thought to be non-contagious) and AIDS (which is definitely a sexually-transmitted disease). (rastafarispeaks.com)
  • In the prestigious journal Science (Jan 4, 1985) it was reported that Gallo's AIDS virus was most closely related to "slow viruses" (lentiviruses) found in sheep and goats, particularly the visna virus in sheep, which causes pneumonia, neurologic changes, and wasting. (rastafarispeaks.com)
  • Dr. William Gay, formerly with the Animal Resource Program of the Division of Research Resources at the NIH, discusses the use of animal models in medical research and the improtance of Simian AIDS in understanding HIV. (nih.gov)
  • Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is a species of retrovirus that cause persistent infections in at least 45 species of non-human primates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extensive studies in sooty mangabeys have established that SIVsmm infection does not cause any disease in these primates, despite high levels of circulating virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • While human immunodeficiency virus has a limited number of subtypes, SIV is now known to infect a few dozen species of non-human primates, and distinct strains are often associated with each species, or with a set of closely related species. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, simian foamy virus, a retrovirus that is highly prevalent in most nonhuman primates, has not been associated with clinical disease in naturally infected primates. (bioone.org)
  • Parece que ha evolucionado de una recombinación del oncovirus murino B y un oncovirus C de los primates relacionado con el virus endógeno del babuino. (bvsalud.org)
  • A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of six families: CEBIDAE (some New World monkeys), ATELIDAE (some New World monkeys), CERCOPITHECIDAE (Old World monkeys), HYLOBATIDAE (gibbons and siamangs), CALLITRICHINAE (marmosets and tamarins), and HOMINIDAE (humans and great apes). (lookformedical.com)
  • It is unclear if nonhuman primates also serve as a reservoir of human dengue viruses under certain conditions. (lookformedical.com)
  • While human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) originates from ancient cross-species transmission of simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1) from infected nonhuman primates, much debate exists on whether the first HTLV-1 occurred in Africa, or in Asia during early human evolution and migration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Longer sequence data, or full genomes from a greater representation of Asian primates, including gibbons, leaf monkeys, and Sumatran orangutans are needed to fully elucidate these evolutionary dates and relationships using the model criteria suggested herein. (bvsalud.org)
  • In cases where natural antibodies are not protective, vaccines may be used to induce the production of protective immunity, with Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) representing a classic example. (nature.com)
  • 2. Lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with envelope glycoproteins derived from gibbon ape leukemia virus and murine leukemia virus 10A1. (nih.gov)
  • 16. Mutations in the cytoplasmic tail of murine leukemia virus envelope protein suppress fusion inhibition by R peptide. (nih.gov)
  • 18. Truncation of the human immunodeficiency virus-type-2 envelope glycoprotein allows efficient pseudotyping of murine leukemia virus retroviral vector particles. (nih.gov)
  • 19. Efficient pseudotyping of murine leukemia virus particles with chimeric human foamy virus envelope proteins. (nih.gov)
  • 1. Sequences in the cytoplasmic tail of the gibbon ape leukemia virus envelope protein that prevent its incorporation into lentivirus vectors. (nih.gov)
  • 8. Sequences in gibbon ape leukemia virus envelope that confer sensitivity to HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu. (nih.gov)
  • Search, retrieve and analyze Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequences in NCBI Virus . (nih.gov)
  • See all publicly available virus sequences in newly designed interface at NCBI Virus and send us your feedback! (nih.gov)
  • This virus serologically cross-reacts with simian T-cell leukemia virus, which may be the causative agent of the present neoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
  • Four types of human T cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) have been described (HTLV-1 to HTLV-4) with three of them having closely related simian virus analogues named STLV-1, -2, and -3. (bvsalud.org)
  • Simian Immunodeficiency Virus" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • 9. Fusion-defective gibbon ape leukemia virus vectors can be rescued by homologous but not heterologous soluble envelope proteins. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Gene transfer into marrow repopulating cells: comparison between amphotropic and gibbon ape leukemia virus pseudotyped retroviral vectors in a competitive repopulation assay in baboons. (nih.gov)
  • 5. Envelope proteins of spleen necrosis virus form infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pseudotype vector particles, but fail to incorporate upon substitution of the cytoplasmic domain with that of Gibbon ape leukemia virus. (nih.gov)
  • 10. Vpu downmodulates two distinct targets, tetherin and gibbon ape leukemia virus envelope, through shared features in the Vpu cytoplasmic tail. (nih.gov)
  • Multiple isolates of viruses or transposable elements are considered distinct if at least one promoter region fails to fulfill the above similarity criterion. (expasy.org)
  • VSV-G: Glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus. (medscape.com)
  • 11. A hyperfusogenic gibbon ape leukemia envelope glycoprotein: targeting of a cytotoxic gene by ligand display. (nih.gov)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Simian Immunodeficiency Virus" by people in this website by year, and whether "Simian Immunodeficiency Virus" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Nathan's work will help us fill major gaps in our understanding of what viruses are coming out, on an almost real-time basis," says Mark Smolinksi, director of the new Predict and Prevent Initiative from Google.org, the tech giant's philanthropic arm, which backs GVFI. (tomclynes.com)
  • 15. Simian sarcoma-associated virus fails to infect Chinese hamster cells despite the presence of functional gibbon ape leukemia virus receptors. (nih.gov)
  • Solidly built, with curly hair and plump, whiskered cheeks, Wolfe, 38, is at the muddy-boots vanguard of an ambitious movement that seeks to shift the way the world approaches disease control, from containing outbreaks to launching preemptive strikes against emerging viruses. (tomclynes.com)
  • The scientific scandal provoked by Gallo's "stealing" the virus from the French, as well as the ensuing government investigations into allegations of scientific irregularities and falsification of data in Gallo's lab, undoubtedly is the reason both scientists have never received a Nobel Prize for their discovery of HIV. (rastafarispeaks.com)
  • The animal had been reared with her family, and her mother and 2 brothers had antibodies reactive to human T-cell leukemia virus. (lookformedical.com)