Simian and human recombinant replication defective adenovirus vectors. Medical search. Frequent questions

It is becoming clear that vectors based upon adeno-associated virus (AAV) are the vectors of choice for certain gene therapy applications such as muscle delivery. (justia.com)

To circumvent the negative effect of preexisting immu- chimpanzee adenovirus (data not shown). (cdc.gov)
Chimpanzee Adenovirus Antibodies in Humans mon ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)
As of April 2021, four adenovirus vector vaccines for COVID-19 have been authorized in at least one country: The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine uses the modified chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx1. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we generated several recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus (AdC7) vaccines expressing S, receptor-binding domain (RBD), or tandem-repeat dimeric RBD (RBD-tr2). (bvsalud.org)

sub-Saharan Africa and chimpanzee sera were tested for In contrast, serum samples from sub-Saharan African neutralizing antibodies to 3 chimpanzee adenoviruses. (cdc.gov)
Antibodies were more common in humans residing in sub- to chimpanzee adenoviruses (Figure, Table 1). (cdc.gov)
This finding suggests cross-species transmission higher prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to AdC6 and of chimpanzee adenoviruses. (cdc.gov)
AdHu5-neutralizing antibodies found in humans in the al samples had titers 80. (cdc.gov)
Because vaccines to HIV-1 are most urgent- panzee samples were comparable to those in human sera, ly needed in sub-Saharan Africa, we evaluated the preva- suggesting that AdHu5 can readily cause an infection in lence of neutralizing antibodies to chimpanzee captive chimpanzees. (cdc.gov)
Our data show that as expected, neutralizing antibodies to chimpanzee adenoviruses are rarely found in humans residing in the United States or Thailand. (cdc.gov)
Currently, overcoming the effects of adenovirus-specific neutralizing antibodies is being explored by vaccinologists. (wikipedia.org)
Adenovirus is often cultured from the pharynx and stool of asymptomatic children, and most adults have measurable titers of anti-adenovirus antibodies, implying prior infection. (medscape.com)
Recovery from adenovirus infection is associated with the development of serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies. (medscape.com)
human recombinant antibodies to ebola virus: preparation and characteristics]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
human recombinant antibodies against a purified ebola virus (ev) lysate were selected from a combinatorial library of scfv-antibodies using the phage display technique. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Antibodies are a key component of the human adaptive immune system, and the elicitation of antibodies has been correlated with vaccine efficacy in many diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
and monoclonal recombinant antibodies are also currently being pursued for prevention of HIV-1 infection in large Phase IIb clinical trials (NTC02716675 and NCT02568215). (frontiersin.org)

As of April 2021[update], six viral vector vaccines, four COVID-19 vaccines and two Ebola vaccines, have been authorized for use in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Human clinical trials were conducted for viral vector vaccines against several infectious diseases including Zika virus, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, HIV, and malaria, before the vaccines that target SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. (wikipedia.org)
Two Ebola vaccines that used viral vector technology were used to combat Ebola outbreaks in West Africa (2013-2016), and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2018-2020). (wikipedia.org)
Viral vector vaccines enable antigen expression within cells and induce a robust cytotoxic T cell response, unlike subunit vaccines which only confer humoral immunity. (wikipedia.org)
In order to transfer a nucleic acid coding for a specific protein to a cell, the vaccines employ a variant of a virus as its vector. (wikipedia.org)
Viral vector vaccines do not cause infection with either the virus used as the vector or the source of the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
In order to be widely accepted and approved for medical use, the development of viral vector vaccines requires a high biological safety level. (wikipedia.org)
Viral vector vaccines have benefits over other forms of vaccinations depending on the virus which they produced thanks to their qualities of immunogenicity, immunogenic stability, and safety. (wikipedia.org)
Of interest is the role of adenoviruses as viral vectors in vaccination and in gene therapy.For example, in viral vector vaccines against SARS-CoV2, the vector virus is used to deliver RNA encoding SARS-CoV2 spike protein into target cells. (medscape.com)
infection with ebola virus causes a severe disease accompanied by high mortality rates, and there are no licensed vaccines or therapies available for human use. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Four adenovirus-vectored vaccines expressing spike (S) protein have been approved for use. (bvsalud.org)

The GMO MVA-HBV is a modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector (MVA) encoding a fusion of sequences derived from two hepatitis B virus (HBV) protein antigens. (biosafety.be)
A recombinant viral vector was first used when a hepatitis B surface antigen gene was inserted into a vaccinia virus. (wikipedia.org)
Vaccinia virus and adenovirus are the most commonly used viral vectors because of robust immune response it induces. (wikipedia.org)
The incorporation of several viruses in vaccination schemes has been investigated since the vaccinia virus was created in 1984 as a vaccine vector. (wikipedia.org)

Sputnik V uses human adenovirus serotype 26 for the first shot, and serotype 5 for the second. (wikipedia.org)
Zabdeno, the first dose of the Zabdeno/Mvabea Ebola vaccine, is derived from human adenovirus serotype 26, expressing the glycoprotein of the Ebola virus Mayinga variant. (wikipedia.org)

Elucidating these mechanisms and identifying which cellular factors are exploited by the retroviruses and which hinder their life cycle, will certainly lead to the discovery of new ways to inhibit viral replication and to improve retroviral vectors for gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
Fully elucidating the early steps of retrovirus replication is therefore crucial not only for identifying new antiretroviral drugs, but also for improving the design of retroviral vectors for gene therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

These studies include numerous strategies such as designing alternative Adenovirus serotypes, diversifying routes of immunization, and using prime-boost procedures. (wikipedia.org)

A viral vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a viral vector to deliver genetic material (DNA) that can be transcribed by the recipient's host cells as mRNA coding for a desired protein, or antigen, to elicit an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
A number of PSPs have been defined over the years that include, but not limited to, promoters of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), probasin (PB), mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV LTR), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), and prostatic steroid-binding protein C3. (hindawi.com)
Transgenic mice bearing PB promoter fused to simian virus 40 large tumor antigen gene all consistently develop prostate adenocarcinoma [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Overall primary concerns are: extrapolating human clinical studies, seeding durable effective T cell resident memory (Trm), population human leucocyte antigen (HLA) coverage, and the potential for T cell-mediated immune escape. (mdpi.com)
AREXVY monovalent RSV vaccine recombinant AS01E adjuvanted contains a recombinant subunit pre-fusion RSV antigen combined with a proprietary AS01 adjuvant. (precisionvaccinations.com)

Although virus-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to combat advanced prostate cancer, its current effectiveness is limited partially due to inefficient cellular transduction by therapeutic viral vectors in vivo . (hindawi.com)
E1-deleted (including E1a-deleted) adenoviruses are replication defective and are commonly used as viral vectors to carry therapeutic genes for gene therapy. (hindawi.com)
However, the greatest challenge in viral gene therapy, as might be expected, is the immune response to the viral vector itself. (medscape.com)
The complex mechanisms by which viral vectors may be incorporated into gene therapy and the rapid growth in this field put further discussion beyond the scope of this text. (medscape.com)

External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
Transmembrane envelope protein of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS which is encoded by the HIV env gene. (lookformedical.com)
The surge in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) research in order to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a better understanding of the retroviral life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

One serum sam- nity to common human serotypes of adenoviruses on the ple from Cameroon neutralized all 3 chimpanzee aden- efficacy of adenovirus vaccine carriers, we developed vec- oviruses and had titers of 20 to AdC68 and 160 to AdC6 tors based on chimpanzee-derived adenoviruses C68, C6, and AdC1. (cdc.gov)
Sera from captive higher in chimpanzees than in humans, but titers to AdC1 chimpanzees in the United States and human sera from in both species were similar (Table 2). (cdc.gov)
Human adenovirus serotype 5 is often used because it can be easily produced in high titers. (wikipedia.org)

Recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd) has been used as a vaccine platform against many infectious diseases and has been shown to be an effective vaccine vector. (mdpi.com)

Adenovirus is known to be oncogenic in rodents but not in humans. (medscape.com)

Adenoviruses are immunogenic and elicit strong innate and adaptive immune responses. (medscape.com)
Adenovirus Type 4 and Type 7 Vaccine elicit immunity to adenovirus serotypes 4 and 7 which are most often associated with acute respiratory disease. (precisionvaccinations.com)

The best PSP was selected to construct a prostate-specific oncolytic adenovirus (CRAD) by controlling the adenoviral E1 region. (hindawi.com)
The adenovirus early region 1 (E1) gene, which comprises E1a and E1b, encodes the viral early proteins that are necessary for adenoviral replication and the consequent oncolysis of permissive host cells. (hindawi.com)
Suicide gene systems that convert nontoxic systemically delivered prodrugs to active chemotherapeutic agents have been delivered via adenoviral vectors directly into cancer cells. (medscape.com)

Altimmune Inc.'s AdCOVID COVID-19 vaccine candidate was based on an adenovirus-based intranasal vaccine platform and expresses the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. (precisionvaccinations.com)

The Wyeth based vector Pexa-Vec (JX-594) has shown efficacy in hepatocarcinoma (HCC) [ 1 ] and a Phase 3 study is ongoing in primary HCC (National Clinical Trial NCT02562755). (oncotarget.com)

The immunogenicity is further enhanced through intrinsic vector motifs that stimulate the innate immunity pathways, so the use of an adjuvant is unnecessary. (wikipedia.org)
A disadvantage is that many people have preexisting immunity to adenoviruses from previous exposure. (wikipedia.org)

Both doses are non-replicating vectors and carry the genetic code of several Ebola virus proteins. (wikipedia.org)
in the past decade the zaire strain of ebola virus (zebov) has emerged repeatedly into human populations in central africa and caused massive die-offs of gorillas and chimpanzees. (liverpool.ac.uk)
CanSinoBio Ad5-EBOV is an adenovirus type 5 recombinant vector-based Ebola virus disease vaccine that protects against Ebola virus disease. (precisionvaccinations.com)

However, while the late stages of the retrovirus life cycle, consisting of virus replication and egress, have been partly unraveled, the early steps remain largely enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)

Different prevalence rates of neutralizing anti- reflect cross-species transmission of these viruses from bodies to the 3 chimpanzee adenoviruses in human samples chimpanzees to humans. (cdc.gov)
To overcome this obstacle, conditional oncolytic viruses (such as conditional replication adenovirus (CRAD)) are developed to specifically target prostate without (or with minimal) systemic toxicity due to viral self-replication. (hindawi.com)
Replication-competent viruses, also known as oncolytic viruses, replicate within transduced cells and force these cells into a lytic cycle. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, strategies to use conditional oncolytic virus, or the so-called attenuated replication-competent viruses, to specifically target prostate tissue have been developed [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Proteins synthesized by HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES such as the HIV-1 and HIV-2 . (lookformedical.com)

Adenovirus has been associated with both sporadic and epidemic disease and, with regard to infections among military recruits, who were routinely immunized against types 4 and 7 from 1971 until the cessation of vaccine production in 1996. (medscape.com)

The majority of viral vectors lack the required genes, making them unable to replicate. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, specific genes can be inserted into the virus that then can repair defective metabolic, enzymatic, or synthetic pathways in the host. (medscape.com)

Adenovirus vectors have the advantage of high transduction efficiency, transgene expression, and broad viral tropism, and can infect both dividing and non-dividing cells. (wikipedia.org)
The idea behind this study is to place the Ad5 E1 region in cis complementation (i.e., use E1 as a transgene) back into an E1-deleted, replication-defective adenovirus under the control of a prostate-specific promoter (PSP). (hindawi.com)

AG0301 COVID-19 Vaccine candidate is a plasmid DNA vaccine that disables the connection between the protein spikes of the coronavirus and receptors in human cells. (precisionvaccinations.com)

we demonstrate that human milk can inhibit the dc-sign-mediated transfer of hiv-1 to cd4+ t lymphocytes as well as viral transfer by both immature and mature dcs. (liverpool.ac.uk)

In human colon cancer xenograft model, a single intratumoral inoculation of the recombinant Raccoonpox virus, in combination with 5-fluorocytosine administration, produced relevant tumor growth control. (oncotarget.com)

The present invention relates to novel chimeric viral vectors and methods of making and administering the same. (justia.com)
The present invention provides chimeric virus vectors that have been designed to exhibit one or more properties of interest (e.g., enhanced tissue tropism). (justia.com)
The chimeric virus can also have a reduced transduction capability with respect to one or more cells or tissues (e.g., liver), which can be desirable in terms of targeting the vector to the target tissue of interest and reducing dosage of vector to be administered. (justia.com)

Replicating vectors imitate natural infection, which stimulates the release of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules that produce a strong adjuvant effect. (wikipedia.org)
These primary cell cultures were often noted to spontaneously degenerate over time, and adenoviruses are now known to be a common cause of asymptomatic respiratory tract infection that produces in vitro cytolysis in these tissues. (medscape.com)
Upon infection with adenovirus, one of three different interactions with the cells may occur. (medscape.com)
The first is lytic infection, which occurs when an adenovirus enters human epithelial cells and continues through an entire replication cycle, which results in cytolysis, cytokine production, and induction of host inflammatory response. (medscape.com)

Because of the high conservation between these two species and the ability of human cells to fully support CCMV replication, CCMV holds great potential as a model system for HCMV. (bvsalud.org)

The first viral vector was introduced in 1972 through genetic engineering of the SV40 virus. (wikipedia.org)
Adenovirus, a DNA virus, was first isolated in the 1950s in adenoid tissue-derived cell cultures, hence the name. (medscape.com)
An extremely hardy virus, adenovirus is ubiquitous in human and animal populations, survives long periods outside a host, and is endemic throughout the year. (medscape.com)
To investigate further the oncolytic capacity of the Raccoonpox virus, we have generated a thymidine kinase (TK)-deleted recombinant Raccoonpox virus expressing the suicide gene FCU1 . (oncotarget.com)
Its potency to preferentially infect and kill cancer cells has been proven for many years and advanced clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate this virus in human [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Ad26.ZIKV.001 is an Ad26-Vectored Anti-Zika Virus Vaccine candidate. (precisionvaccinations.com)

A high prevalence of Human mastadenoviruses (HAdV-C, HAdV-B, HAdV-E) was observed. (bvsalud.org)

Genetic therapies, human genetic enhancement, and … eugenics? (ucsd.edu)

Purinergic signaling in human pluripotent stem cells is regulated by the housekeeping gene encoding hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. (ucsd.edu)

Most Adenovirus vectors are replication-defective because of the deletion of the E1A and E1B viral gene region. (wikipedia.org)

During the last two decades, the profusion of HIV research due to the urge to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a wealth of information on the retroviral replication cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
A schematic view of early and late stages of the retroviral replication cycle is represented. (biomedcentral.com)

Adenovirus serum samples from Africa and Thailand. (cdc.gov)

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