• According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, a single application of silver diamine fluoride will arrest between 47% and 90% of cavities, with the level of effectiveness depending on the size and location of the cavity. (hurstpediatricdentistry.com)
  • Watch our Hygiene Edge video with its steps to clean, rinse, dry, isolate, place, and let soak for one minute, then place a fluoride varnish on top. (rdhmag.com)
  • The one drop of fluoride varnish could also be used in an entire primary dentition. (rdhmag.com)
  • The smooth surfaces of 50 human tooth samples were artificially demineralised and 45 samples were allocated randomly into three groups receiving a single treatment with a varnish: group I: Riva Star (silver diamine fluoride, SDF), group II: Bifluorid 12 (NaF, CaF2), and group III: Cervitec F (CHX, CPC, NH4F). (uni-marburg.de)
  • Once the SDF has a minute to dry, our dentist will rinse the tooth or apply fluoride varnish . (puredentalohio.com)
  • One technique was a "simple" treatment of using silver diamine fluoride and fluoride varnish [1]. (taradaledental.ca)
  • Meanwhile, the second technique was a "complex" treatment using traditional glass ionomer sealants and fluoride varnish [1]. (taradaledental.ca)
  • The objective was to determine the noninferiority of silver diamine fluoride with fluoride varnish versus traditional glass ionomer sealants with fluoride varnish after two years when provided to children via a school-based health care program. (theforceforhealth.com)
  • Upon visiting each school, the clinical research team, which included a supervising dentist, dental hygienists, registered nurses, and assistants, did baseline exams to measure any tooth decay, and then applied fluoride varnish and either sealants or SDF, depending on whether the school was assigned to receive the complex or simple treatment. (drramon.com)
  • The specimens were then randomly assigned to three groups, each comprising twenty samples: the control group (C) treated with distilled and deionized water, the fluoridated varnish group (V) treated with fluoride varnish, and the SDF group treated with SDF solution. (jioh.org)
  • The group treated with fluoride varnish exhibited the highest mean enamel microhardness, measuring 251.80 ± 56.10. (jioh.org)
  • In conclusion, this study determined that the fluoride varnish group demonstrated a more effective resistance to enamel demineralization compared to the SDF group. (jioh.org)
  • These findings suggest that topical fluoride therapy in the form of varnish is more successful in preventing dental caries in deciduous tooth enamel when compared to treatment with SDF. (jioh.org)
  • The purpose of my presentation is to determine if SDF may be a good treatment alternative to fluoride varnish and glass ionomer restorations in some of our institutionalized elderly population. (eventscloud.com)
  • Aim: This study aimed to assess the microhardness of the enamel surface after fluoride varnish application. (thejcdp.com)
  • The samples were divided into three groups randomly as per the different application of fluoride varnish. (thejcdp.com)
  • Effect of fluoridated varnish and silver diamine fluoride solution on enamel demineralization: pH-cycling study. (thejcdp.com)
  • Silver diamine fluoride is a simple and non-invasive tool used in dentistry to care for carious lesions (cavities). (bluewaterpediatricdentistry.com)
  • Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is a liquid compound used in dentistry to treat tooth decay. (limestonepediatricdentistry.com)
  • Prepare to broaden your dental knowledge as we delve into the world of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) in dentistry. (buzzsprout.com)
  • Amine fluorides were developed in the 1950s by GABA in collaboration with the Institute of Dentistry of the University of Zurich (Switzerland). (wikipedia.org)
  • Silver Diamine Fluoride Renaissance in Paediatric Dentistry: A 24-Month Retrospective and Cross-Sectional Analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Silver diamine fluoride, also known as "SDF", is a topical medicine used to treat cavities. (hilliardpediatricdentistry.com)
  • SDF can be applied to cavities to help strengthen remaining tooth structure (fluoride) and to disinfect the site (silver). (avenuepd.ca)
  • SDF contains silver, which has antimicrobial properties, and fluoride, which helps to strengthen the enamel of the teeth and prevent cavities. (zestpd.com)
  • Silver diammine fluoride - more commonly spelled "silver diamine fluoride" or simply referred to as "SDF" (and occasionally miswritten as "silver diamond fluoride") - is a liquid solution that is applied directly onto a child's cavities to inhibit the growth of cavity-causing bacteria and prevent further decay. (hurstpediatricdentistry.com)
  • Exactly how silver diamine fluoride arrests cavities is a subject of ongoing research, but, as its name suggests, SDF contains both silver, which has antibacterial properties , and fluoride , which is known to strengthen teeth and protect them against decay. (hurstpediatricdentistry.com)
  • Researchers believe that when silver and fluorides are combined, they have the ability to simultaneously halt the progression of existing cavities and prevent the development of new cavities. (hurstpediatricdentistry.com)
  • The use of silver diamine fluoride for treating cavities in kids is considered very safe. (hurstpediatricdentistry.com)
  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved SDF as a device for treating tooth hypersensitivity in 2014, and in 2016 the FDA also granted silver diamine fluoride its " breakthrough therapy designation " for use in arresting cavities. (hurstpediatricdentistry.com)
  • How Effective Is Silver Diamine Fluoride at Preventing Cavities? (taradaledental.ca)
  • A large research study has found that Silver Diamine Fluoride has the potential to be a very effective tool against protecting our teeth from cavities. (taradaledental.ca)
  • The study found that silver diamine fluoride was a very effective tool against the development of cavities [1]. (taradaledental.ca)
  • Just one cavity prevention treatment resulted in the prevention of 81% of cavities with the silver diamine fluoride and 82% of cavities with the sealant [1]. (taradaledental.ca)
  • Treatment with silver diamine fluoride resulted in 56% of cavities not progressing, with 46% of sealants not progressing [1]. (taradaledental.ca)
  • SDF, or silver diamine fluoride, is a topical medication that may be administered to the teeth to treat dental cavities in people of all ages. (bozicdds.com)
  • According to studies, administering SDF to people at risk for cavities simply once a year prevents more cavities than applying fluoride four times a year alone. (bozicdds.com)
  • Historically, fluoride has been the primary agent in slowing incipient cavities. (bozicdds.com)
  • Silver diamine fluoride is an effective way of fighting back and winning against tooth cavities. (cascademedicalboutique.com)
  • The Silver Diamine Fluoride Perris specialists offer the treatment to help prevent the formation, development, and spread of cavities. (cascademedicalboutique.com)
  • Generally, silver diamine fluoride is for managing teeth cavities. (cascademedicalboutique.com)
  • Nathalie Phaeton, DDS, and Ki Youn Kil, DDS, at Oasis Pediatric Dental Care & Orthodontics in Falls Church, Virginia, recommend silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to treat and prevent cavities in your child's teeth. (oasispediatricdentalcare.com)
  • A mixture of two parts silver-bonded fluoride, and two parts ammonia, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an antimicrobial treatment for dental cavities. (oasispediatricdentalcare.com)
  • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies silver diamine fluoride as safe and effective for stopping and preventing cavities. (oasispediatricdentalcare.com)
  • To further support efforts to prevent cavities, regular use of fluoride can reduce the incidence of tooth structure demineralization. (healthnews.com)
  • In addition to fluoride, xylitol can also help in reducing the incidence of cavities. (healthnews.com)
  • A 2023 study of 3,000 children showed that over a two-year period, glass-ionomer sealants prevented caries 82% of the time, and one drop of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) placed in the pit and fissure sealants prevent 81% of caries. (rdhmag.com)
  • They will apply a drop of silver diamine fluoride to the area affected by decay to stop the decay from spreading further. (cascademedicalboutique.com)
  • Conclusion The dentist concluded that there is insufficient evidence about the esthetic effect of silver diamine fluoride applications on primary teeth and opted to inform it to his/her patients' caregivers and to share with them the decision whether to use it or not in each specific case. (bvsalud.org)
  • The purpose of fluoride is to prevent the softening or demineralization of the tooth. (bluewaterpediatricdentistry.com)
  • It is made with two acting ingredients: the silver component is an anti-microbial agent that kills bacteria and prevents the formation of new biofilm, and the fluoride prevents further demineralization (softening) of the tooth structure. (morethansmilespediatricdentistry.com)
  • Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) involves fewer steps than traditional sealants, naturally reducing the time it takes for placement. (rdhmag.com)
  • Silver diamine fluoride also has the benefit of being able to be applied by nurses, unlike sealants, which require a dentist or dental hygienist to apply it. (taradaledental.ca)
  • A study of almost 3,000 children found silver diamine fluoride may be as effective as dental sealants for caries prevention. (theforceforhealth.com)
  • These sealants could be made from fluoride varnishes or resin-based materials. (healthnews.com)
  • 1,2 Similar in structure to silver nitrate, plus fluoride, 1 SDF's biochemical interaction with tooth structure and cariogenic bacteria is also similar (Figure 1). (dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com)
  • Note that both help strengthen the crystalline structure of the tooth by forming fluorapatite, and both use silver to interact with the thiol groups, causing damage to the deoxyribonucleic acid and proteins in bacteria. (dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com)
  • The silver used will kill the bacteria and the fluoride is used to strengthen the tooth. (lamorindatoothbuds.com)
  • Silver diamine fluoride is incredibly effective at killing the bacteria that causes dental caries, and it's a great way to avoid having to get a tooth drilled here at Lamorinda Tooth Buds. (lamorindatoothbuds.com)
  • The silver part kills bacteria because it's an antimicrobial agent and it also inhibits the formation of biofilm. (bluewaterpediatricdentistry.com)
  • It contains silver ions that kill bacteria and fluoride ions that help prevent further decay. (limestonepediatricdentistry.com)
  • The fluoride helps to remineralize or strengthen the tooth structure that the cavity-causing germs have compromised by acting as an antibacterial, killing the bacteria that make up a cavity. (bozicdds.com)
  • The operation of bacterial breakdown is delayed or halted when silver is placed to the teeth because it attaches to the bacterium, rendering it inactive (or killing) the bacteria. (bozicdds.com)
  • The silver will kill bacteria and strengthen your dentin, the protective layer in your teeth. (cascademedicalboutique.com)
  • 3, 5, 6 Topical fluorides encourage remineralization of enamel, and also inhibit bacterial metabolism, reducing the growth of plaque bacteria. (ada.org)
  • The silver kills bacteria, the fluoride remineralizes teeth, and the ammonia acts as a stabilizer. (oasispediatricdentalcare.com)
  • The antimicrobial properties in silver diamine fluoride kill the bacteria in the cavity and prevent it from getting worse. (oasispediatricdentalcare.com)
  • Fluoride Toothpaste. (ada.org)
  • Fluoride-containing toothpaste is the most commonly used form of self-applied fluoride worldwide. (ada.org)
  • 3 Fluoride in toothpaste is taken up directly by the dental plaque and demineralized enamel and also increases the concentration of fluoride in saliva. (ada.org)
  • 3 Fluoride toothpaste makes up more than 95% of toothpaste sales in the U.S. 2 The American Dental Association recommends use of a fluoride toothpaste displaying the ADA Seal of Acceptance. (ada.org)
  • Most dentists recommend brushing with fluoride toothpaste at least twice a day. (theblogfathers.com)
  • Further, the researchers accounted for fluoride in toothpaste and water but did not address other fluoride sources. (drbicuspid.com)
  • Fluoride is found in various oral health products such as toothpaste, mouthwash, chewing gum, and supplements. (healthnews.com)
  • The silver helps fight harmful microbes in your child's mouth while strengthening the dentin layer of their teeth, and the fluoride fights and prevents tooth decay. (chadmorrisdds.com)
  • Silver topical agents, such as silver nitrate and silver diamine fluoride, have been used in Japan for over 40 years to arrest tooth decay and reduce tooth sensitivity in primary and permanent teeth. (avenuepd.ca)
  • Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is a liquid that is applied to the teeth to prevent or treat tooth decay. (zestpd.com)
  • A large study has been carried out which looks at the effectiveness of the liquid Silver Diamine Fluoride when it comes to protecting our teeth. (taradaledental.ca)
  • Silver diamine fluoride is a liquid that is brushed onto the surface of teeth [2]. (taradaledental.ca)
  • 6] Mei ML, Ito L, Cao Y, Lo ECM, Li QL, Chu CH. An ex vivo study of arrested primary teeth caries with silver diamine fluoride therapy. (jocpd.com)
  • The fluoride will promote your teeth to rebuild through remineralization. (cascademedicalboutique.com)
  • Topical fluorides strengthen teeth already present in the mouth, making them more decay resistant, while systemic fluorides are those that are ingested and become incorporated into forming tooth structures. (ada.org)
  • Systemic fluorides also provide topical protection because fluoride is present in saliva, which continually bathes the teeth. (ada.org)
  • 1, 3 Topical fluorides strengthen teeth already present in the mouth, making them more decay resistant. (ada.org)
  • To find out more about how silver diamine fluoride keeps teeth safe, contact Oasis Pediatric Dental Care & Orthodontics by phone or online. (oasispediatricdentalcare.com)
  • The dentist brushes silver diamine fluoride directly onto your child's cavity or on the teeth that need protection. (oasispediatricdentalcare.com)
  • Clinical studies are needed to define the role of silver penetration in sustained caries arrest. (jocpd.com)
  • Caries arrest by topical fluorides in preschool children: 30-month results. (jocpd.com)
  • 10] Horst JA, Ellenikiotis H, Milgrom PL. UCSF protocol for caries arrest using silver diamine fluoride: rationale, indications and consent. (jocpd.com)
  • Clinical significance: In young children, fluoride varnishes are effectively used as a noninvasive, anti-caries agent in the treatment of initial caries. (thejcdp.com)
  • Therefore, in routine dental practice, the knowledge about different fluoride varnishes is of importance. (thejcdp.com)
  • Strohmenger L, Brambilla E. The use of fluoride varnishes in the prevention of dental caries: A short review. (thejcdp.com)
  • Majithia U, Venkataraghavan K, Choudhary P, Trivedi K, Shah S, Virda M. Comparative evaluation of application of different fluoride varnishes on artificial early enamel lesion: An in vitro study. (thejcdp.com)
  • Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been used internationally for years to treat dentinal hypersensitivity and caries lesions. (dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com)
  • This agent should not be used on patients with a silver allergy, 1 and its use should be avoided in patients with open lesions, stomatitis, or ulcerative gingivitis. (dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the ability of 38% silver diamine fluoride in remineralisation (as estimated by fluorescence gain) of artificial initial lesions in sm. (uni-marburg.de)
  • This systematic review was undertaken to address the PICO question: Is silver diamine fluoride (SDF) effective in preventing and arresting root caries lesions in (RCLs) elders? (swissdentaljournal.org)
  • It is reported that silver and fluoride in an alkaline solution act synergistically to arrest carious lesions through a variety of mechanisms (ZHAO ET AL. (swissdentaljournal.org)
  • This ex - vivo study investigated the effect of a light-emitting diode (LED) curing light on the depth of penetration of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) into carious lesions. (jocpd.com)
  • Objective The aim of this paper was to demonstrate how a general dental practitioner tried to answer, based on scientific evidence, to the question: "Does the darkening of caries lesions caused by silver diamine fluoride treatment contribute to reducing parents' acceptance of such treatment? (bvsalud.org)
  • However, although there is robust scientific evidence on the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in arresting and preventing caries lesions, there is scarce information about its esthetic effect. (bvsalud.org)
  • Remineralization potential of fluoride and amorphous calcium phosphate-casein phospho peptide on enamel lesions: An in vitro comparative evaluation. (thejcdp.com)
  • The ADA recognizes the use of fluoride and community water fluoridation as safe and effective in preventing tooth decay for both children and adults. (ada.org)
  • When used as directed or within the context of community water fluoridation programs, fluoride is a safe and effective agent that can be used to prevent and control dental caries. (ada.org)
  • Community water fluoridation is the process of adjusting the fluoride content of fluoride-deficient water to the recommended level for optimal dental health, which is currently recommended at 0.7 parts fluoride per million parts water. (ada.org)
  • For decades, fluoride has been added to oral health products and drinking water to prevent caries, and community water fluoridation was named one of the major public health advances of the 21st century. (drbicuspid.com)
  • Many bottled waters on the market do not contain optimal levels of fluoride. (ada.org)
  • A potential risk of fluoride use is the development of fluorosis, which may occur when excess levels of fluoride are ingested during tooth development. (ada.org)
  • The findings suggest a relationship between kidney function, plasma fluoride levels, and the levels of fluoride in community drinking water. (drbicuspid.com)
  • Exposure to levels of fluoride found commonly in drinking water in the United States result in significantly higher levels of fluoride in blood in those with lower kidney function," wrote the authors, led by Dr. John Danziger of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center at Harvard Medical School in Boston. (drbicuspid.com)
  • But in August 2019, researchers published a study in JAMA Pediatrics that suggested maternal exposure to greater levels of fluoride during pregnancy was linked with lower IQ scores in children ages 3 to 4 in six major Canadian cities. (drbicuspid.com)
  • The work done here aims to compare the outcomes of using topical fluoride therapy and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on deciduous tooth enamel. (jioh.org)
  • 1 This article will provide an overview of its use in clinical practice.In its 38% formulation, SDF is composed of 25% silver ions (Ag+1) and 5% fluoride ions (F-1) dissolved in 8% amine (2NH3). (dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com)
  • For this reason, fluoride ions can combine rapidly with the calcium in dental enamel to form calcium fluoride. (wikipedia.org)
  • This acts as a fluoride depot over a longer period: Under cariogenic conditions fluoride ions are made available stimulating the remineralisation of dental enamel and thus prevent acid attacks. (wikipedia.org)
  • A comprehensive set of resources to support the use of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) as a treatment to arrest dental caries in the primary dentition is available on the BSPD website. (bdnj.co.uk)
  • Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is gaining popularity as an effective agent to arrest caries. (eventscloud.com)
  • Treatment can be made more esthetic with traditional therapies or the use of the silver modified atraumatic restorative technique at a later appointment. (dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com)
  • That's why we offer a revolutionary treatment called Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) to ensure a comfortable and effective dental experience. (limestonepediatricdentistry.com)
  • The treatment process involving Silver Diamine Fluoride is simple and painless. (limestonepediatricdentistry.com)
  • The silver diamine fluoride treatment appeared to be the most effective out of the two. (taradaledental.ca)
  • 3] Crystal YO, Niederman R. Silver diamine fluoride treatment considerations in children's caries management. (jocpd.com)
  • 7] Fung MHT, Duangthip D, Wong MCM, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Randomized clinical trial of 12% and 38% silver diamine fluoride treatment. (jocpd.com)
  • Microbial population shift and metabolic characterization of silver diamine fluoride treatment failure on dental caries. (jocpd.com)
  • Fortunately, the silver diamine fluoride treatment has been tested and approved by the FDA after finding that the treatment is effective with fewer and less severe side effects than other tooth decay treatment options. (cascademedicalboutique.com)
  • Silver diamine fluoride treatment has numerous benefits that cannot be exhausted here. (cascademedicalboutique.com)
  • Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been incorporated into the treatment of dental caries in children , mainly in countries with high caries prevalence . (bvsalud.org)
  • This systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence that the application of silver diamine fluoride prevents and arrests root caries in elders. (swissdentaljournal.org)
  • The carious preventive action is due to fluoride on one side and to the anti-enzyme effect of the organic fraction on the other side and Also by arresting the formation of dental plaque, as a result of the tensioactive properties. (wikipedia.org)
  • Silver diamine fluoride is just one example of our dedication to innovative treatments that prioritize patient comfort and long-term oral health. (keepconcordsmiling.com)
  • Therefore, we may see silver diamine fluoride being used more in the forthcoming years due to its effectiveness. (taradaledental.ca)
  • The post New Study Released: Silver Diamine Fluoride Effectiveness appeared first on Pennsylvania Office of Rural Health . (theforceforhealth.com)
  • Silver diamine fluoride, commonly referred to as SDF, is a liquid that can be brushed onto a tooth that has a cavity. (lamorindatoothbuds.com)
  • To completely halt the spread and progression of decay, silver diamine fluoride can be used. (lamorindatoothbuds.com)
  • A fair number of parents in our office are asking about silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and how it might be used to treat tooth decay. (avenuepd.ca)
  • According to the Ohio Department of Health, Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is a FDA-approved liquid antibiotic that can help prevent further tooth decay . (puredentalohio.com)
  • Can Silver Diamine Fluoride Stop Tooth Decay? (hurstpediatricdentistry.com)
  • Does Silver Diamine Fluoride Stop Tooth Decay in Children? (hurstpediatricdentistry.com)
  • We'll also evaluate the role of silver and fluoride in SDF and their potential benefits against dental hypersensitivity and tooth decay, arming you with the knowledge to make an informed decision about using this product. (buzzsprout.com)
  • In 1967, Muhleman demonstrated the superiority of organic fluoride comparing to inorganic fluoride in preventing dental decay. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fluoride supplements can be prescribed for children ages 6 months to 16 years who are at high risk for tooth decay and whose primary drinking water has a low fluoride concentration. (ada.org)
  • 1 The remineralization effect of fluoride can both reverse the early decay process as well as create a tooth surface that is more resistant to decay. (ada.org)
  • The application of topical fluoride in different forms has been an accurate strategy for combating decay on a global scale. (jioh.org)
  • 3-5 Fluoride remineralizes the calcium hydroxyapatite structure in enamel by forming calcium fluorapatite, which is more resistant to acid attacks. (ada.org)
  • 2] Mei ML, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Arresting dentine caries with silver diamine fluoride: what's behind it? (jocpd.com)
  • Clinical trials of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries among children: a systematic review. (jocpd.com)
  • The authors concluded by saying that their findings "support the use of silver diamine fluoride for cavity prevention in school-based oral health programs" [2]. (taradaledental.ca)
  • 2012). One non-invasive medicament which has gathered interest in caries prevention and management in children and older adults is silver diamine fluoride (SDF). (swissdentaljournal.org)
  • Is Silver Diamine Fluoride Safe for Children? (hurstpediatricdentistry.com)
  • Therefore, silver diamine fluoride can result in more children receiving assistance, and in a quicker manner too. (taradaledental.ca)
  • Use of silver siamine fluoride for dental caries management in children and adolescents, including those with special health care needs. (jocpd.com)
  • In the study, higher plasma fluoride in children ages 12 to 19 was associated with an increase in water fluoride levels and a decrease in renal function. (drbicuspid.com)
  • However, some recent research has questioned whether fluoride might be tied to adverse effects in children. (drbicuspid.com)
  • The study included data on fluoride exposure and IQ scores from 512 pairs of mothers and children in which about 40% lived in areas with a fluoridated water supply that was at or below the recommended fluoride level. (drbicuspid.com)
  • Because fluoride is excreted primarily through the kidneys, the authors wondered whether children with decreasing kidney function might in turn have more fluoride accumulation in their blood. (drbicuspid.com)
  • Ng MW, Sulyanto R: Chronic disease management of caries in children and the role of silver diamine fluoride. (msdmanuals.com)
  • BACKGROUND: This manuscript presents evidence-based guidance on the use of 38 percent silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for dental caries management in children and adolescents, including those with special health care needs. (bvsalud.org)
  • One innovation is silver diamine fluoride (SDF), a non-invasive solution that offers several benefits for our patients. (keepconcordsmiling.com)
  • SDF is a 38 percent solution comprised of roughly 25 percent silver and about 5.5 percent fluoride for you chemical nerds. (bozicdds.com)
  • In 1957, Mühlemann, Schmid and König published the results of their studies in vitro, in which they demonstrated that some compounds with amino fluoride were obviously superior to those with inorganic fluoride in reducing the solubility of the enamel. (wikipedia.org)
  • The commercial products, which contain amine fluoride or compounds of this with tin-fluoride in their formula, are present under different forms: - gels, - fluids, - dentifrice, - mouth rinse. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fluoride toothpastes available over the counter in the U.S. generally contain a fluoride concentration of 1,000 to 1,500 ppm. (ada.org)
  • People exposed to fluoride-treated water generally have blood plasma levels between 1 and 4 umol/L, according to Mayo Clinic Laboratories . (drbicuspid.com)