• Short term depletion of MYTHO in mice attenuates muscle atrophy caused by fasting, denervation, cancer cachexia and sepsis. (uqam.ca)
  • Cancer-induced muscle wasting, which commonly occurs in cancer cachexia, is characterized by impaired quality of life and poor patient survival. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Thus far, studies on muscle wasting using cancer cachectic models have generally focused on early cancer cachexia (ECC), before severe body weight loss occurs. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These findings may provide some clues for therapy which could prevent the muscle wasting in cancer cachexia from progression to the late stage. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This syndrome is prevalent in cancer patients, and muscle wasting is the most prominent symptom of cancer cachexia. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It is well known that muscle wasting in cancer cachexia is directly related to the poor quality of life of cancer patients and even impacts their survival ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Activation of myostatin signaling in muscle tissue has been demonstrated to be critical to enhancing muscle catabolism, which causes muscle wasting in cancer cachexia ( 22 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Renal sympathetic denervation is a potent and safe catheter-based therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with resistant hypertension. (icrjournal.com)
  • Clinical trials of renal sympathetic denervation have shown signicant reduction in blood pressure, which was associated with a reduction in local renal norepinephrine spillover as well as a reduction of whole body sympathetic activation in resistant hypertensive patients. (icrjournal.com)
  • Creatine kinase is a muscle enzyme that has been reported at various levels in different studies involving patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (lww.com)
  • Serum creatine kinase levels in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. (lww.com)
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons, resulting in muscle atrophy, weakness, and progressive paralysis (Sun et al. (lww.com)
  • Compared to human fibroblast control and unmodified hIPSA transplantation, GLT1-overexpressing hIPSAs reduced (1) lesion size within the injured cervical spinal cord, (2) morphological denervation by respiratory phrenic motor neurons at the diaphragm neuromuscular junction, and (3) functional diaphragm denervation as measured by recording of spontaneous EMGs and evoked compound muscle action potentials. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • During the 1990s, Wilbourn routinely compared the amplitudes of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and extent of denervation in the thenar muscles, FDI and ADM in patients with ALS. (bmj.com)
  • SMA is characterized by the selective death of spinal cord motor neurons, leading to progressive muscle wasting. (keele.ac.uk)
  • The loose-patch voltage clamp technique was used to measure the density and distribution of NaChs on muscle fibers regenerating with or without innervation. (rupress.org)
  • Recently, two independent models, one from rodents and the other from insects, have demonstrated that nuclei are not lost from skeletal muscle fibers when they undergo either atrophy or programmed cell death. (frontiersin.org)
  • 4 Pathological findings from muscle and nerve biopsies, reported by Larbrisseau et al 5 , revealed evidence of chronic denervation with angular fibers and type grouping, suggesting an axonal neuropathy and a major primary defect at the level of peripheral nerve in HMSN/ACC. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we used gain- and loss-of-function mouse models to examine the role of NFκB in muscle atrophy following rotator cuff tenotomy - a model of chronic rotator cuff tear. (elifesciences.org)
  • Both of these knees had chronic changes, one with changes indicative of reinnervation and the other with ongoing denervation, but neither demonstrated functional compromise. (psu.edu)
  • The medial foot musculature was assessed for acute or chronic denervation changes. (podiatryarena.com)
  • 2019). Creatine kinase (CK), a muscle enzyme, is used to differentiate between neurogenic and myopathic disorders. (lww.com)
  • Overall, our study demonstrates that TAK1 is a key regulator of skeletal muscle mass and oxidative metabolism. (jci.org)
  • Myostatin, which functions specifically as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, is present at a higher level in serum of cancer cachectic mice than in those of normal healthy mice ( 19 - 21 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This peculiar pattern of dissociated atrophy of the intrinsic hand muscles is termed the 'split hand' and is rarely seen in diseases other than ALS. (bmj.com)
  • This peculiar pattern of dissociated atrophy of the intrinsic hand muscles was termed 'split hand' by Dr Asa Wilbourn. (bmj.com)
  • Inhibition of TAK1 does not attenuate denervation-induced muscle wasting in adult mice. (jci.org)
  • In conclusion, our data show that CS exposure or vitamin D deficiency alone did not attenuate the hypertrophic response of overloaded plantaris muscles, but this hypertrophic response was weakened when both conditions were combined. (ljmu.ac.uk)
  • Neuromuscular diseases affect the peripheral nervous system and either affect the peripheral nerves (neuropathies), neuromuscular junction (junctionopathies) or the muscle itself (myopathies). (ndsr.co.uk)
  • 2 Among the intrinsic hand muscles, wasting predominantly affects the 'lateral (thenar) hand' involving both median innervated muscles (abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and opponens pollicis) and ulnar innervated muscles (first dorsal interosseous (FDI), adductor pollicis and flexor pollicis brevis), with relative sparing of the hypothenar muscles (the abductor digiti minimi (ADM)) ( figure 1 ). (bmj.com)
  • Loss of skeletal muscle in SMA is a combination of denervation-induced muscle atrophy and intrinsic muscle pathologies. (keele.ac.uk)
  • 0.05, values significantly different from sham-operated muscle by unpaired t test. (jci.org)
  • 0.05 values significantly different from sham-operated muscle of Tak1 fl/fl mice by 1-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. (jci.org)
  • 0.05 values significantly different from Tak1 fl/fl mice by unpaired 2-tailed t test. (jci.org)
  • Surprisingly, neither knockdown of IKKβ nor overexpression of caIKKβ significantly altered the loss of muscle mass following tenotomy. (elifesciences.org)
  • While MYTHO overexpression is sufficient to trigger muscle atrophy, MYTHO knockdown results in a progressive increase in muscle mass associated with a sustained activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway. (uqam.ca)
  • Overexpression significantly increased GLT1 protein and functional GLT1-mediated glutamate uptake levels in hIPSAs both in vitro and in vivo post-transplantation. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • A ) Four-month-old WT mice were subjected to bilateral synergistic ablation (SA) by surgical removal of GA and soleus muscles to induce overload hypertrophy in plantaris muscles. (jci.org)
  • It is not known how this MSY3 activity is controlled in skeletal muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The significant reductions in muscle MTR in peripheral neuropathies and the associated correlations with clinical measures indicate that MTR has potential as an imaging outcome measure in future therapeutic trials. (bmj.com)
  • C ) Average wet weight of plantaris muscle of sham and SA-14 Tak1 fl/fl and Tak1 mKO mice. (jci.org)
  • Six weeks after initiation of smoke or air exposure, sham surgery or denervation of the agonists of the left plantaris muscle was performed. (ljmu.ac.uk)
  • For the main part, treatment in dogs is supportive with nursing care to include turning frequently, thick bedding, monitoring for aspiration pneumonia and physiotherapy to avoid contractures and maintain muscle mass. (ndsr.co.uk)
  • Although there is no documented, objective evidence that symptomatic post-polio subjects are rapidly losing strength, they have a number of neuromuscular deficits related to a more severe poliomyelitis illness that may explain why they complain of problems with strength, endurance, and local muscle fatigue. (polioaustralia.org.au)
  • Additionally, recent assessment demonstrated that they were weaker, had a reduced work capacity, and recovered strength less readily after activity in the quadriceps muscles as compared to asymptomatic subjects. (polioaustralia.org.au)
  • Of great clinical importance, rating of perceived exertion in the muscle during exercise was the same in symptomatic and asymptomatic post-polio and control subjects, indicating that symptomatic subjects have a mechanism to monitor local muscle fatigue that could be used to avoid exhaustion. (polioaustralia.org.au)
  • A study of pacing (interspersing activity with rest breaks) showed that symptomatic subjects had less local muscle fatigue and greater strength recovery when they paced their activity than when they worked at a constant rate to exhaustion. (polioaustralia.org.au)
  • OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a 12-week home quadriceps muscle strengthening exercise program would increase muscle strength, isometric endurance, and tension time index (TTI) in postpolio syndrome subjects without adversely affecting the surviving motor units or the muscle. (polioaustralia.org.au)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Permanent thoracodorsal nerve denervation resulted in severe muscle atrophy and a significantly decreased fat retention rate. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusions: Our study provides mechanistic insights into potential molecular players that contribute to muscle pathology in SMA and into likely differential responses of the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in developing muscle. (keele.ac.uk)
  • Here, we report that inducible inactivation of TAK1 causes severe muscle wasting, leading to kyphosis, in both young and adult mice. (jci.org)
  • Autophagy is a critical process in the regulation of muscle mass, function and integrity. (uqam.ca)
  • Given the significance of myogenin regulation in adult muscle, the Akt/MSY3/myogenin regulatory circuit is a potential therapeutic target to counteract muscle degenerative disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the role of TAK1 in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass remains unknown. (jci.org)
  • The tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/TNF receptor superfamily member fibroblast growth factor inducible 14 (Fn14) pathway has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of denervation-induced muscle atrophy as well as muscle proliferation, differentiation and metabolism in adults. (keele.ac.uk)
  • These patients, who are treated with apraclonidine to delay surgery, should have frequent follow-up examinations and treatment should be discontinued if the intraocular pressure rises significantly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skeletal muscles from human patients diagnosed with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) display reduced Mytho expression, activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway and impaired autophagy, raising the possibility that low Mytho expression might contribute to the progression of the disease. (uqam.ca)
  • This video clip demonstrates proximal and distal leg muscle weakness and atrophy in 2 patients of diabetic amyotrophy. (medlink.com)
  • Patients are hypotonic and areflexic from birth, with abnormal facial features and atrophic muscles. (nature.com)
  • We believe that these studies will be an important basis for the future design and evaluation of therapies designed to slow denervation and promote re-innervation in adult ALS patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Combined BT therapy is superior to conventional medical treatment in improving lung function and quality of life of COPD patients, and it also significantly reduces the COPD exacerbation risk without causing serious adverse events. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Meta-analysis found the levels of both NT-3 and NT-4/5 were significantly increased in bipolar disorder patients. (cusabio.com)
  • The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that the mean serum GDNF and NTF3 levels of ADHD patients were significantly higher than that of controls. (cusabio.com)
  • The current clinical therapy for muscle wasting contributes to the recovery of cancer patients, but the mortality rate of cancer is still rising. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • By the time patients become end-stage, muscle denervation has become widespread, affecting all areas of the body, and initial predominance patterns do not persist. (connectionsplus.care)
  • We found that recovery was incomplete in aged mice relative to their younger treatment matched counterparts based on gross behavioral measures and physiological recordings from the animals' gastrocnemius (GC) muscles, despite muscle reinnervation by surviving MNs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Knocking down Akt expression increased the amount of dephosphorylated MSY3 and reduced myogenin expression and muscle differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation during skeletal muscle development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Skeletal muscle mass is regulated by a complex array of signaling pathways. (jci.org)
  • Furthermore, forced expression of Akt in adult skeletal muscle induced MSY3 phosphorylation and myogenin derepression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The affected pupil is thus miotic and the pupillary dilator responds to denervation by increasing α1 receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute pain due to ligament and muscle injury generally responds to mild activity (e.g., stretching and low-impact exercise) and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs such as ibuprofen). (arizonapain.com)
  • Prolonged MYTHO knockdown is associated with severe myopathic features, including impaired autophagy, muscle weakness, myofiber degeneration, and extensive ultrastructural defects, such as accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and tubular aggregates. (uqam.ca)
  • We also used experimental models of denervation and muscle injury in pre-weaned wild type (WT) animals and siRNA-mediated knockdown in C2C12 muscle cells to conduct additional mechanistic investigations. (keele.ac.uk)
  • The purpose of this study was to determine if there were any differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic polio survivors by history of acute poliomyelitis illness, electromyographic evidence of terminal motor unit reorganization, and neuromuscular function of the quadriceps femoris muscle. (polioaustralia.org.au)
  • Skeptics have challenged the term "diabetic amyotrophy" because it erroneously implies a primary muscle disorder as well as the term "proximal diabetic neuropathy" because distal weakness is often present as well. (medlink.com)
  • This study was done to evaluate the effect of high and moderate-intensity interval training with alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on the expression of Sema3A protein in the soleus muscle of Induced diabetic rats. (ac.ir)
  • Although HIT and MIT can reduce the expression of Sema3A protein in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats, combining alpha-lipoic acid supplementation with exercise training is more effective in reducing the amount of denervation. (ac.ir)
  • The muscles involved in the split hand are innervated through the same spinal segments (C8 and T1), and FDI and ADM, which are differentially affected, are both ulnar nerve innervated. (bmj.com)
  • Nerve roots attach to the spinal cord and exit the spine to innervate the skin, muscles, and surrounding structures of the back and lower extremities. (arizonapain.com)
  • Electromyographic abnormalities in the quadriceps muscle have no functional consequence and most likely represent reversible neurapraxic injury that may be avoided by blunt dissection in the vastus medialis muscle. (psu.edu)
  • The Y-box protein MSY3/Csda represses myogenin transcription in skeletal muscle by binding a highly conserved cis-acting DNA element located just upstream of the myogenin minimal promoter (myogHCE). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We observed that, as skeletal muscle progressed from perinatal to postnatal and adult developmental stages, MSY3 protein became gradually dephosphorylated and accumulated in the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of Sema3A protein in the soleus muscle. (ac.ir)
  • Representative gel showing phosphorylated MKK6 protein in in vitro kinase assay (KA) in plantaris muscle. (jci.org)
  • G ) Representative immunoblots of phosphorylated and total Akt, mTOR, and 4E-BP1 protein levels and unrelated protein GAPDH in plantaris muscle of Tak1 fl/fl and Tak1 mKO mice. (jci.org)
  • H ) Densitometry quantification of the ratio of phosphorylated vs. total protein levels of Akt, mTOR, and 4E-BP1 in plantaris muscle of Tak1 fl/fl and Tak1 mKO mice 14 days after SA surgery. (jci.org)
  • Myostatin binding to type IIB activin receptor (ActRIIB) on muscle surface induces the recruitment and activation of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), and eventually leads to forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a)-dependent transcription to promote muscle protein breakdown via the ubiquitin-proteasome system ( 23 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It usually presents acutely as unilateral thigh pain followed by weakness and later wasting in the anterior thigh muscles. (medlink.com)
  • IKKβ was knocked down or constitutively activated in muscle-specific inducible transgenic mice to elicit a 2-fold gain or loss of NFκB signaling. (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition, targeted inactivation of TAK1 leads to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of adult mice. (jci.org)
  • B ) Densitometry quantification of TAK1 enzymatic activity and phosphorylated vs. total levels of TAK1 and mTOR in plantaris muscle of Tak1 fl/fl and Tak1 mKO mice. (jci.org)
  • Representative photomicrographs of plantaris muscle sections of Tak1 fl/fl and Tak1 mKO mice after ( D ) anti-dystrophin staining and ( E ) H&E staining. (jci.org)
  • F ) Quantification of average fiber CSA in dystrophin-stained plantaris muscle sections of Tak1 fl/fl and Tak1 mKO mice. (jci.org)
  • Further analyses of SMA, Tweak-/-and Fn14 -/- mice revealed dysregulated myopathy, myogenesis and glucose metabolism pathways as a common skeletal muscle feature, providing further evidence in support of a relationship between the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway and Smn. (keele.ac.uk)
  • The increase in plantaris muscle fiber cross-sectional area in response to overload was attenuated in vitamin D-deficient CS-exposed mice (smoking × diet interaction for hypertrophy, P = 0.03). (ljmu.ac.uk)
  • The amounts of muscle loss differed between the ECC and LCC mice. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, the expression of some molecules was altered in the muscles from the LCC mice but not in those from the ECC mice compared with their CN mice. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In conclusion, the molecules with altered expression in the muscles from the ECC and LCC mice were not exactly the same. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Constant score (CS) and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon (ASES) score were used to correlate functional outcome, tendon integrity, and muscle degeneration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, TAK1 activity is highly upregulated during overload-induced skeletal muscle growth, and inactivation of TAK1 prevents myofiber hypertrophy in response to functional overload. (jci.org)
  • Consequently, a novel strategy for the clinical treatment of cancer-induced muscle wasting is urgently required, and research on this subject is highly necessary ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • B, D, and F) CAL muscles of a 4-year-old Standardbred at 4 (A and B), 18 (C and D), and 28 (E and F) weeks after unilateral neurectomy of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. (avma.org)
  • Ultrasonographic images obtained by a transesophageal approach of the CAD muscles on the control (A and C) and neurectomized (B and D) sides of a 4-year-old Standardbred 14 weeks after neurectomy of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. (avma.org)
  • Neuromuscular endplates regenerating after denervation, with no nerve terminals present, had NaCh densities not significantly different from endplates regenerating in the presence of nerve terminals. (rupress.org)
  • However, factors such as latissimus dorsi muscle atrophy and fat graft retention affect the volume of the reconstructed breast, and reports are inconsistent regarding treatment of the thoracodorsal nerve. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rats were divided into intact thoracodorsal nerve (Ni), temporary denervation (Ntd), and permanent denervation (Npd) groups (n = 8 each). (bvsalud.org)
  • Temporary denervation had no significant benefit, suggesting that preserving the thoracodorsal nerve may be desirable for achieving sufficient volume in latissimus dorsi flap breast reconstruction with immediate fat grafting. (bvsalud.org)
  • Video used with permission from the Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas. (medlink.com)
  • Authors have theorized that ganglion cysts follow the paths of least resistance causing the cysts to dissect along the fibrofatty tissue overlying the suprascapular nerve and between the infraspinatus and the supraspinatus muscle bellies. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • In rats, the number of acetylcholine receptors per NMJ are significantly lower in old versus young animals [ 7 ] , and nerve conduction velocities are significantly diminished [ 31 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The medial plantar nerve was found to have moderately increased T2 signal compared with normal skeletal muscle in 3/6 study group cases and markedly increased T2 signal in the remaining 3/6 cases. (podiatryarena.com)
  • In all control cases, the nerve was reported to have T2 signal equal or minimally higher than normal skeletal muscle. (podiatryarena.com)
  • FDI, thenar and hypothenar muscles are innervated by C8-T1, and FDI and hypothenar muscles by the ulnar nerve. (bmj.com)
  • These muscles and ligaments have a tendency to become strained and irritated during strenuous lifting or excessive exercise and can cause local nerve irritation. (arizonapain.com)
  • Despite having undergone some conservative treatments (plantar orthosis and physiotherapy) and minimal invasive procedures (cortico-anaesthetic injection and shockwave therapy) the symptoms persisted and amyotrophy of the abductor hallucis muscle became clinically evident. (podiatryarena.com)
  • On electrodiagnostics we will often see classic changes including evidence of abnormal spontaneous activity in the muscles due to denervation. (ndsr.co.uk)
  • Targeted inhibition of NFκB through its canonical mediator IKKβ effectively mitigates loss of muscle mass across many conditions, from denervation to unloading to cancer. (elifesciences.org)
  • Results: Here, we report significantly dysregulated expression of Tweak, Fn14 and previously proposed downstream effectors during disease progression in skeletal muscle of the two SMA mouse models. (keele.ac.uk)
  • METHODS: Fat harvested from the inguinal region was grafted to the latissimus dorsi muscle elevated as a pedicled muscle flap on the experimental side and to the intact LD muscle on the contralateral side (control). (bvsalud.org)
  • The other two knees with abnormal findings at six months had had sharp dissection for the muscle split. (psu.edu)
  • Skeletal muscle and myogenic C2C12 cells were used to study the effects of MSY3 phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro on its sub-cellular localization and activity, by blocking the IGF1/PI3K/Akt pathway, by Akt depletion and over-expression, and by mutating potential MSY3 phosphorylation sites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2. Huang Z, Fang Q, Ma W, Zhang Q, Qiu J, Gu X, Yang H, Sun H. Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Was Alleviated by Salidroside Through Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation During Denervation. (ac.ir)
  • Pincer or precision grip is vital to human hand function, and frequent use of thenar complex muscles may lead to greater oxidative stress and metabolic demands at both upper and lower motoneurons innervating the APB and FDI. (bmj.com)
  • Fat retention and muscle preservation rates were determined, and histological changes were analyzed postoperatively. (bvsalud.org)
  • The quality of the grafted fat as reflected by histological parameters was significantly lower, and the viable adipocyte area and muscle fiber preservation rate significantly decreased, in the Npd group compared to the other groups. (bvsalud.org)
  • One side plantaris muscle was collected and processed for biochemical examination, while the other side was processed for histological analysis. (jci.org)
  • In humans, the loss of muscle mass and accompanying degeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) is called sarcopenia and is a major cause of disability in the elderly [ 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This sex specificity was driven by ongoing decreases in fiber cross-sectional area, which paralleled the accumulation of large autophagic vesicles in male, but not female muscle. (elifesciences.org)
  • These and other data argue against the current interpretation of the myonuclear domain hypothesis and suggest that once a nucleus has been acquired by a muscle fiber it persists. (frontiersin.org)
  • Results: LED produced in vitro increases of cell growth of 140-200% in mouse-derived fibroblasts, rat-derived osteoblasts, and rat-derived skeletal muscle cells, and increases in growth of 155-171% of normal human epithelial cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Moreover, miRNAs play a modulatory role in the development and growth of skeletal muscles [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The CAD muscle of only 21 horses was evaluated because the equipment necessary for evaluation of the larynx by the transesophageal approach did not become available until after the study began. (avma.org)
  • One study utilized 40-50 units injected in muscles next to the spine. (averebeauty.com)
  • This study highlights a previously undescribed Akt-mediated signaling pathway involved in the repression of myogenin expression in myogenic cells and in mature muscle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The miRNA-mRNA profiles and bioinformatics study suggested that the SFRP1 gene was potentially regulated by miRNA-1/206 during porcine skeletal muscle development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aforementioned study by Kuo and colleagues found that the 5-year overall survival rate for hypopharyngeal cancer rose significantly from 1988-1990 and from 1991-1995 but that no significant changes in survival rate could be demonstrated for other years. (medscape.com)
  • There is one study on the use of intravenous immunoglobulins and this showed only a trend towards a significantly faster recovery time. (ndsr.co.uk)
  • Ligaments attach to each vertebra and provide strength and mobility to the spine as well as the many groups of muscles that are responsible for the spine's movement. (arizonapain.com)
  • We examined whether cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and/or vitamin D deficiency impairs the skeletal muscle hypertrophic response to overload. (ljmu.ac.uk)
  • Phosphorylation and enzymatic activity of AMPK are increased, whereas levels of phosphorylated mTOR and p38 MAPK are diminished upon inducible inactivation of TAK1 in skeletal muscle. (jci.org)
  • An intact RCR maintains the preoperative state of fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy but does not lead to muscle regeneration. (bvsalud.org)