• Dulhunty's research has focussed on the translation of electrical signals in the surface membrane of muscle fibres into the release of the calcium ions from their internal in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), to enable muscle contraction in the process of excitation contraction coupling (ECC). (edu.au)
  • These include two ion channel proteins, the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) Ca 2+ channel in the surface membrane and the ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca 2+ release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ store. (edu.au)
  • In the heart, NO inhibits L-type Ca2+ channels but stimulates sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release, leading to variable effects on myocardial contractility. (duke.edu)
  • RYR1 channels are located in the membrane surrounding a structure in muscle cells called the sarcoplasmic reticulum. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In response to certain signals, the RYR1 channel releases calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cell fluid. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some genetic changes cause the RYR1 channel to be "leaky," allowing calcium ions to flow slowly but continually out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As a result, not enough calcium ions are available in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to trigger muscle contractions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores plenty of these ions, the receptor cannot release them in response to the usual signals. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Without enough calcium ions flowing out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum at the appropriate time, muscles cannot contract normally and muscle weakness results. (medlineplus.gov)
  • ROS may induce intracellular calcium increase and subsequent contraction of PASMCs via direct or indirect interactions with protein kinases, phospholipases, sarcoplasmic calcium channels, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-dependent potassium channels and L-type calcium channels, whose relevance may vary under different experimental conditions. (ersjournals.com)
  • We hypothesized that pathological sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak through defective cardiac intracellular Ca2+ release channels/ryanodine receptors (RyR2) accelerates heart failure development by stimulating Ca2+-dependent hypertrophic signaling. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • Expression silencing of junctophilin-2 (JPH2) in mouse heart leads to ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2)-mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) leak and rapid development of heart failure. (duke.edu)
  • Excitation-contraction coupling in striated muscle requires proper communication of plasmalemmal voltage-activated Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ release channels on sarcoplasmic reticulum within junctional membrane complexes. (duke.edu)
  • K + efflux through delayed rectifier K + channels and Ca 2+ influx through voltage-gated L-type Ca 2+ channels, which triggers Ca 2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (i.e. (thecore9.com)
  • In addition to these autoantibodies, patients with thymoma-associated MG produce autoantibodies to various neuromuscular antigens, including antibodies to the skeletal muscle calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor of sarcoplasmic reticulum) and antibodies to cytoplasmic filamentous proteins (particularly titin) or neurofilaments. (medscape.com)
  • This effect was associated with decreased activation of pathways linked to neurotrophin and glutamate receptor signaling. (researchgate.net)
  • Both the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3)) and ryanodine receptor pathways contribute to the Ca(2+) transient at fertilization in sea urchin eggs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Coupled gating between RyR2 channels may be an important regulatory mechanism in excitation-contraction coupling as well as in other signaling pathways involving intracellular Ca 2+ release. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Although intracellular calcium (Ca2+) has a central role in hypertrophic signaling pathways, the Ca2+ source for activating these pathways remains elusive. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • Two signaling pathways arising from glucose metabolism converge to activate NFAT-mediated insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The interests in the Muscle Research Group include the molecular structure and function of the proteins that regulate Ca 2+ signalling and contraction in skeletal muscle and the heart. (edu.au)
  • Instead, a depolarisation-dependent signal is transmitted from the DHPR to the RyR by a cascade of conformational change through several other essetial proteins that link the DHPR with the RyR. (edu.au)
  • Adv-RGS2 infection, or pertussis toxin treatment to disable G i -signaling, each partially rescues the c-SANC spontaneous AP firing rate.Thus, a G i -dependent reduction in PKA-dependent protein phosphorylation, including that of Ca 2+ cycling proteins, reduces the spontaneous AP firing rate of c-SANC, and can be reversed by genetic or pharmacologic manipulation of PKA signaling. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • By identifying and evaluating proteins in close spatial proximity to Kv2.1-containing EPJs, we discovered that a significant role of Kv2.1 at EPJs is to promote the clustering and functional coupling of PM L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) to ryanodine receptor (RyR) ER Ca2+ release channels. (escholarship.org)
  • This protein is part of a group of related proteins called ryanodine receptors, which form channels that, when turned on (activated), release positively charged calcium atoms (ions) from storage within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This gene encodes one of three calmodulin proteins which are members of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein family. (nih.gov)
  • In skeletal muscle, tetrads of DHPR proteins associate directly with ryanodine receptors (RyRs). (silverchair.com)
  • This study involves precisely defining by molecular techniques the individual signaling proteins expressed in the acinar cell and then subsequently assessing if individual agonists utilize discrete and different elements of the PI-signaling pathway. (rochester.edu)
  • It interacts with several intracellular signal transduction proteins including type I TGF-beta receptor. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
  • DCM at the molecular level is rooted in down regulation of expression or activity of those various proteins involved in maintenance or regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis. (ac.ir)
  • The key proteins in this store are the Ca2+ binding protein calsequestrin (CSQ), the ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ release channel and triadin and junctin (Beard et al. (edu.au)
  • Other proteins in the lumen of the SR, including the histidine rich calcium binding protein (HRC) (Suk et al. (edu.au)
  • The importance of the luminal proteins has been underlined by the recent discovery that changes in Ca2+ signalling due to mutations in CSQ or to lack of its expression can result in sudden cardiac death (Viatchenko‐Karpinski et al. (edu.au)
  • Excitation-contraction (EC) coupling is broadly defined as the signal transduction process that links a surface membrane action potential to contraction. (edu.au)
  • Although it is expressed broadly, FKBP8 is required to antagonize SHH signaling primarily in neural tissues, suggesting that hedgehog signal transduction is subject to cell-type specific modulation during mammalian development. (silverchair.com)
  • The oxygen sensing and signal transduction machinery is located in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the pre-capillary vessels, albeit the physiological response may be modulated in vivo by the endothelium. (ersjournals.com)
  • Although HPV was described decades ago, the underlying oxygen sensing and signal transduction mechanisms remain obscure. (ersjournals.com)
  • Consistent with the interpretation that cAMP/PKA signaling becomes impaired in c-SANC, acute β-adrenergic receptor stimulation increases phospholamban and RyR2 phosphorylation, enhances RGS2-labeling density, and accelerates the AP firing rate to the similar maximum in c- and f-SANC. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Removal of the regulatory subunit, the FK506 binding protein (FKBP12.6), functionally but not physically uncouples multiple RyR2 channels. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We sought to elucidate the role of JPH2 in regulating RyR2-mediated SR Ca(2+) release in the setting of cardiac failure. (duke.edu)
  • Single channel studies identified an increased RyR2 open probability in MCM-shJPH2 mice. (duke.edu)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on gene expression of calcium channel of ryanodine receptors (RyR2), SERCA2a and phospholamban (PLB) in the heart of diabetic male rats. (ac.ir)
  • Dulhunty was amongst the first researchers to study single RyR ion channels from skeletal and cardiac muscle using lipid bilayer electrophysiology. (edu.au)
  • She has continued to study RyR channels, combining electrophysiology, biochemistry, protein chemistry, structural biology and molecular biology to explore normal RyR function and pathological changes that reduce skeletal muscle function and which can compromise cardiac muscle to the extent of causing heart attack. (edu.au)
  • RYR1 channels play a critical role in muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mounting evidence points to it being an endogenous activator of Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release by non-skeletal muscle ryanodine receptors in several invertebrate and mammalian cell types. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Recently, she has shown that bone-derived TGF Beta induces oxidation of the skeletal muscle intracellular calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor) causing calcium leak & muscle weakness. (tx.us)
  • It also interacts with multiple intracellular calcium release channels, and coordinates multi-protein complex formation of the tetrameric skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
  • [ 4 ] MG is caused by autoantibodies to postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (anti-AChRs) at the neuromuscular junction, causing weakness of skeletal muscles. (medscape.com)
  • GSTO1 interacts with the ryanodine receptor RYR1 and promotes calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum. (nih.gov)
  • The voltage-gated K+ channel Kv2.1 serves a major structural role in the soma and proximal dendrites of mammalian brain neurons, tethering the plasma membrane (PM) to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (escholarship.org)
  • In addition, the effects were abolished by inhibitors of two intracellular calcium release channels: 2-APB, an inhibitor of inositol trisphosphate receptors, and dantrolene, an inhibitor of ryanodine receptors, but not by thapsigargin, an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum calcium uptake. (nih.gov)
  • An inside job: Annexin 1A-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor interaction conveys endoplasmic reticulum luminal Ca sensitivity. (rochester.edu)
  • Excitation-contraction coupling in heart muscle requires the activation of Ca 2+ -release channels/type 2 ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) by Ca 2+ influx. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cardiac calcium signalling pathologies associated with defective calmodulin regulation of type 2 ryanodine receptor. (musc.edu)
  • The RYR1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called ryanodine receptor 1 (also called the RYR1 channel). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most of the RYR1 gene mutations involved in central core disease affect single protein building blocks (amino acids) in critical regions of the ryanodine receptor 1 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These mutations change the structure of the RYR1 channel, which alters the normal flow of stored calcium ions within muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Other RYR1 gene mutations change the structure of the RYR1 channel in a way that impedes the normal flow of calcium ions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Other RYR1 gene mutations create a premature stop signal in the instructions for making the receptor, resulting in an abnormally short, nonfunctional protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers suspect that disruption of the RYR1 channel may play a role in the muscle weakness and other features of congenital fiber-type disproportion, although the role of RYR1 gene mutations in this condition is unclear. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A mouse model of muscular dystrophy, the mdx mouse, displays both pathological increased Ca2+ leak via the Ryanodine receptor (RyR1), a calcium release channel, and increased NAD(P)H Oxidase (Nox) derived ROS. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Impact of hypoxia, simulated ischemia and reperfusion in HL-1 cells on the expression of FKBP12/FKBP12.6 and intracellular calcium dynamics. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
  • Figure 6: Drugs targeting ryanodine receptor function through improved FKBP12.6 binding and domain zipping. (nature.com)
  • Cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose may have a similar role to inositol trisphosphate in controlling intracellular calcium signalling with these two calcium-mobilizing second messengers activating ryanodine receptors and inositol trisphosphate receptors respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
  • For this purpose, WIN 55,212-2 was injected in pregnant wistar rats from gestation day 5 to 20 and a detailed analysis of the levels of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as of the signaling molecules extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (alpha-CaMKII) was carried out in adult offspring. (researchgate.net)
  • and the level of type2 regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS2), that facilitates adenylyl cyclases/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) via G i inhibition, is substantially reduced. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • We show that a member of the FK506-binding protein family, FKBP8, is an essential antagonist of SHH signaling in CNS development. (silverchair.com)
  • Some mutations change single amino acids in the ryanodine receptor 1 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • One of the underlying mechanisms involves the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase â ¡ (CaMKII). (bvsalud.org)
  • In exocrine acinar cells regulation of intracellular calcium plays a pivotal role in controlling fluid and protein secretion. (rochester.edu)
  • We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Junctophilin-2 (JPH2), a protein expressed in the junctional membrane complex, is necessary for proper intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling in cardiac myocytes. (duke.edu)
  • As a critical component of the signaling pathway, the RyR medicated calcium-induced calcium release signaling system, has been well studied along with their regulator FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12/Calstabin). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This pattern is largely generated through cell-cell signaling mechanisms involving locally secreted signaling molecules( Jessell, 2000 ). (silverchair.com)
  • We analyzed the molecular mechanisms leading to glutamate release from rat primary cultures of RPE cells, under isosmotic conditions. (molvis.org)
  • Research in this laboratory focuses on gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms which underlie these signaling patterns with a primary goal of relating this knowledge to the physiology and pathophysiology of exocrine cells. (rochester.edu)
  • New insights into the mechanisms underlying AF have identified promising new approaches, including the modulation of atrium-specific ion channels, connexins and the ryanodine receptor, the prevention of remodelling processes that lead to the arrhythmia as well as specific molecular events involved in arrhythmia generation. (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: General mechanisms of AF and role of ion channels for AF stabilization. (nature.com)
  • There has been a significant progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which calcium (Ca2+) ions mediate various types of cardiac arrhythmias. (duke.edu)
  • Calcium signaling are conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates and plays critical roles in many molecular mechanisms of embryogenesis and postnatal development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mechanisms of cellular excitability and propagation of electrical signals in the cardiac muscle are very important functionally and pathologically. (bvsalud.org)
  • Evidence has accumulated to suggest that the InsP(3) receptor pathway has a primary role in causing Ca(2+) release and egg activation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Another second messenger, cGMP, stimulates the synthesis of cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by activating the adenosine diphosphate-ribosyl cyclase pathway in sera urchin eggs and egg homogenates, suggesting that cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose may be an intracellular messenger for cell surface receptors or nitric oxide, which activate cGMP-producing guanylate cyclases. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The treatments for SIC include the signal pathway intervention, Chinese traditional medicine, and other specific therapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although all Ca2+ mobilizing agonists in pancreatic acinar cells utilize the phosphoinositide-signaling (PI) pathway, stimulation by individual agents results in markedly different temporal and spatial patterns of Ca2+ signaling. (rochester.edu)
  • Given that tremendous molecular diversity is expressed at all levels of this signaling pathway, our working hypothesis is that individual agonists do not couple to the signaling machinery in an identical fashion. (rochester.edu)
  • We are utilizing fluorescence imaging techniques including high-speed confocal microscopy to monitor [Ca2+]i while manipulating the signaling pathway with neutralizing antibodies and antisense technology. (rochester.edu)
  • Glucose metabolism activates this pathway by means of increasing [Ca 2+ ] i via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) by affecting the electrical activity of the cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Glutamate and the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (1S,3R)-ACPD-evoked transient depolarizations, Ca2+-activated inward currents and rises in intracellular Ca2+. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The (1S,3R)-ACPD-activated currents were insensitive to InsP(3) signalling inhibitors, heparin and pentosan polysulphate. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Together, these findings uncover a novel mode of LTCC regulation and establish a unique mechanism whereby Kv2.1-associated EPJs provide a molecular platform for localized somatodendritic Ca2+ signals in mammalian brain neurons. (escholarship.org)
  • Five micromolar lead could not change the excitability of pyramidal neurons when slices were perfused with calcium-free ACSF. (nih.gov)
  • These results provide evidence for excitatory neurotoxicity of low-level lead exposure, contribution of T-type VDCC in the entrance of lead into neurons, and a possible involvement of calcium flux alteration during APs in this excitatory neurotoxicity. (nih.gov)
  • Given the intimate contact of the RPE with the photoreceptor outer segments, diffusion of RPE-released glutamate could contribute to the excitotoxic death of retinal neurons, and the development of thrombin-induced eye pathologies. (molvis.org)
  • Magnesium Acts as a Second Messenger in the Regulation of NMDA Receptor-Mediated CREB Signaling in Neurons. (rochester.edu)
  • In addition the regulation of these receptors by phosphorylation and the consequences this may have for Ca2+ signaling are also being studied. (rochester.edu)
  • Toll-like receptors are transmembrane glycoproteins, which recognize many PAMPs with extracellular domains and aggravate the exaggerated inflammatory response to bacterial infection through activating nuclear factor (NF)-κB ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • For DHPR to activate RyR, the channel must allow a flood of extracellular calcium into the cell. (silverchair.com)
  • Subcellular localization of nitric oxide (NO) synthases with effector molecules is an important regulatory mechanism for NO signalling. (duke.edu)
  • 2004). Furthermore, studies in animal models show that changes in CSQ, junctin, triadin and HRC expression can lead to defective Ca2+ signalling. (edu.au)
  • Calcium Signaling and Cardiac Arrhythmias. (duke.edu)
  • In her PhD studies she explored the complex nature of transverse (T-) tubule extensions of the surface membrane which conduct the surface electrical signal throughout the fibre cross-section. (edu.au)
  • Also blocks cell membrane-located capsaicin-activated cation channels (IC 50 = 14 nM) and voltage-sensitive Ca 2+ channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release. (tocris.com)
  • Disrupted junctional membrane complexes and hyperactive ryanodine receptors after acute junctophilin knockdown in mice. (duke.edu)
  • Excitable tissues rely on junctional membrane complexes to couple cell surface signals to intracellular channels. (duke.edu)
  • JP‐45 in particular is ideally placed to communicate store load to the excitation-contraction (EC) coupling process as it binds to both CSQ and the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) in the surface/transverse tubule membrane. (edu.au)
  • Specific PKA inhibition completely inhibits all β-adrenergic receptor effects. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • This effect is mirrored by the inhibition of cGMP and cADPR signaling in sea urchin eggs at fertilization. (ox.ac.uk)
  • At low concentrations, tetracaine causes an initial inhibition of spontaneous calcium release events, while at high concentrations, tetracaine blocks release completely. (qualitypowders.com)
  • Freshly isolated adult rabbit sinoatrial node cells (f-SANC) are an excellent model for studies of autonomic signaling, but are not amenable to genetic manipulation. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The cells at the ventral pole of the neural tube instead acquire dorsal or lateral identities that are normally repressed by SHH signaling. (silverchair.com)
  • Muscle contractions are triggered by an increase in the concentration of calcium ions inside muscle cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The resulting increase in calcium ion concentration in muscle cells stimulates muscles to contract, allowing the body to move. (medlineplus.gov)
  • however, the effect of thrombin on glutamate release from RPE cells has not been examined. (molvis.org)
  • This study showed for the first time that thrombin promotes specific, dose-dependent glutamate release from RPE cells, induced by the activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1). (molvis.org)
  • Pathogen-associated molecular patterns released by infecting organisms not only bind immune receptors on inflammatory cells but also bind receptors on cells in the heart ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Exposure of cells to neurotransmitters and hormones results in a rapid elevation of intracellular calcium. (rochester.edu)
  • A further project relates to the organization and regulation of calcium release sites in exocrine cells. (rochester.edu)
  • In acinar cells the distribution of these receptors is tightly localized to an area associated with the actin cytoskeleton in the apical secretory pole of the cell. (rochester.edu)
  • The rate of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells is regulated by a complex integration of signals derived from nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitters ( 1 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Although other irritants in the smoke may have contributed to the incident, there is supporting evidence that stable strontium can stimulate the release of histamine from mast cells in vitro (ATSDR 2001e). (cdc.gov)
  • These cells can be characterized in their developmental progression by changes in expression of 3 cell surface markers: CD4, CD8, and the T-cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex. (medscape.com)
  • thus, those cells that fail to receive a signal (ie, do not recognize self) die by apoptosis or become inactive. (medscape.com)
  • His group uses molecular and cellular tools combined with network theory to explore the links between calcium signaling, cellular behavior and the early events leading to the destruction of normal heart rhythm (arrhythmia). (swansea.ac.uk)
  • This editorial highlights the relevance of interfering in cancer cell progression through the pharmacological manipulation on the cell metabolism of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP, and on the intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which may avail the reduction of toxic effects promoted by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, thus decreasing the incidence of interruption in antitumoral treatment. (researchgate.net)
  • So, according to numerous studies, not only ACh (which by the way does not always lead to a contraction of the muscle fiber) is released in the vertebrate neuromuscular synapse, but also a number of other synaptically active molecules. (intechopen.com)
  • And these molecules can be released from both nerve terminal (anterograde signal), and from muscle fiber (retrograde signal). (intechopen.com)
  • Circulating Pneumolysin, another common PAMP produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae , induced cardiomyocyte injury through triggering profound calcium influx during pneumococcal infection ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Depolarization: Fast voltage-gated Na + channels open at -65 mV → rapid Na + influx into the cell → TMP rises further until slightly above 0 mV. (thecore9.com)
  • Finally, it seems appropriate to consider the "sodium channel syndrome" (mutations in the gene of the α subunit of the sodium channel, SCN5A gene) as a single clinical entity that may manifest in a wide range of phenotypes, to thus have a better insight on these cardiac syndromes and potential outcomes for their clinical treatment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using a recombinant endonuclease-deficient Cas9-based gene promoter pulldown approach coupled with mass spectrometry, we found that MCUb is upregulated in the T2D heart due to loss of glucose homeostasis regulator nuclear receptor corepressor 2 repression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α as a mediator of MCUb gene expression in T2D cardiomyocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The complex pathogenesis of SIC involves a combination of dysregulation of inflammatory mediators, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, disorder of calcium regulation, autonomic nervous system dysregulation, and endothelial dysfunction. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we show that the T2D heart is metabolically inflexible and almost exclusively dependent on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation as a consequence of mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) inhibitory subunit MCUb overexpression. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Junctophilin-2 expression silencing causes cardiocyte hypertrophy and abnormal intracellular calcium-handling. (duke.edu)
  • Bcl-xL acts as an inhibitor of IPR channels, thereby antagonizing Ca-driven apoptosis. (rochester.edu)
  • Non-thermal disruption of β-adrenergic receptor-activated Ca2+ signalling and apoptosis in human ES-derived cardiomyocytes by microwave electric fields at 2.4 GHz. (swansea.ac.uk)
  • These excitatory effects of 5 microM lead were blocked by mibefradil, a selective blocker of T-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC), but not by verapamil and omega-conotoxin, selective blockers of L-type and N-type VDCC, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Neuronal NO synthase (NOS1), however, is targeted to cardiac SR. NO stimulation of SR Ca2+ release via the ryanodine receptor (RyR) in vitro, suggests that NOS1 has an opposite, facilitative effect on contractility. (duke.edu)
  • In response to electrical stimulation, DHPRs directly signal RyRs, causing release of internal stores of calcium and muscle contraction. (silverchair.com)
  • The process by which electrical signals trigger muscle contraction is called excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Vertebrates use two different systems for controlling muscle contraction, with DHPR calcium channels acting as voltage sensors in both. (silverchair.com)
  • The whole cell patch clamp technique has been used to record Ca2+-activated cation and chloride conductances evoked by release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores of cultured neonatal dorsal root ganglion neurones. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It has recently been demonstrated that prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinyl-methyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone (WIN 55,212-2) produces memory deficit in adulthood, an effect associated with a reduced functionality of the glutamatergic system. (researchgate.net)
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) also can impact muscle function via oxidative stress and the regulation of signalling cascades. (otago.ac.nz)
  • In insect, Drosophila melanogaster ryanodine receptor ( DmRyR ) cDNA was cloned from lava and the physical features of DmRyR single channel were characterized with in vitro overexpression system [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More narrowly the term encapsulates the processes that intervene between the action potential depolarization and Ca 2+ release from the SR. EC coupling in the heart depends on RyR activation by Ca 2+ ions that enter the muscle cell through the DHPR ion channel. (edu.au)
  • A disruption in calcium ion release prevents muscles from contracting normally, leading to the muscle weakness characteristic of central core disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The discovery of asymmetric charge movement arising from dihydropyridine receptors in T-tubules allowed her to examine this voltage sensor for ECC in fast and slow-twitch mammalian muscle and to apply this to her subsequent studies of the voltage dependence for ECC. (edu.au)
  • Calcium-induced activation of calmodulin regulates and modulates the function of cardiac ion channels. (nih.gov)
  • Antibodies against a presynaptic structure, the voltage-gated potassium channels of peripheral nerves, have been detected in patients with neuromyotonia with or without thymoma. (medscape.com)
  • Neuromyotonia and antibodies to the voltage-gated potassium channels have also been found in patients with MG. Twenty percent of patients with MG and neuromyotonia have been demonstrated to have thymoma. (medscape.com)
  • Absorption of strontium from the gastrointestinal tract shares a common mechanism with absorption of calcium. (cdc.gov)
  • SHH signaling regulates dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube by repressing genes that are associated with dorsal and lateral fates and by activating genes associated with ventral fates (reviewed by Briscoe and Ericson, 2001 ). (silverchair.com)