Signaling pathway of apoptosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Moreover, the ZnO NPs treatment significantly inhibited the P13K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and induced the LC3 and beclin-1 expression in MG63 cells. (mendeley.com)
Liu T, Ye P, Ye Y, Han B. MicroRNA-216b targets HK2 to potentiate autophagy and apoptosis of breast cancer cells via the mTOR signaling pathway. (ijbs.com)
BC cells were further transfected with a series of miR-216b mimic or inhibitor, or siRNA targeting HK2 , so as to analyze the regulatory mechanism of miR-216b, HK2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and to further explore their regulation in BC cellular behaviors. (ijbs.com)
Functionally, miR-216b was found to be closely associated with BC progression via inactivating mTOR signaling pathway by targeting HK2 . (ijbs.com)
Taken together, our findings indicated that miR-216b down-regulates HK2 to inactivate the mTOR signaling pathway, thus inhibiting the progression of BC. (ijbs.com)

A series of caspases proteins have been shown to be activated by the death induced signal complex [a form of death ligand that binds to the corresponding death receptor on the cell surface ( 13 )], which in turn induces apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Midazolam induces apoptosis via activation of the mitochondrial pathway in a concentration-dependent manner. (bmj.com)
2014). 'Ginsenoside Rg1 Induces Apoptosis through Inhibition of the EpoR-Mediated JAK2/STAT5 Signalling Pathway in the TF-1/Epo Human Leukemia Cell Line', Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention , 15(6), pp. 2453-2459. (waocp.org)

The rate of apoptosis was determined using flow cytometry. (spandidos-publications.com)
Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL. (researchsquare.com)
Midazolam induced apoptosis in all investigated cell types in a concentration-dependent manner, indicated by flow cytometry. (bmj.com)
The cytotoxicity of cadmium (Cd) induced autophagy and apoptosis in MES-13 cells was determined by flow cytometry. (tmu.edu.tw)
Cell viability, proliferation, toxicity, and apoptosis were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL), and flow cytometry assays. (harvard.edu)
Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. (degruyter.com)
Real-time cell analyzer and flow cytometry data reveal that tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis were impacted by FO. (hindawi.com)
During apoptosis, PS translocates to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and can be detected by flow cytometry and cell imaging through binding to fluorochrome-labeled annexin V when calcium is present. (bdbiosciences.com)

CircVCAN regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of osteoarthritis chondrocyte through NF-κB signaling pathway. (illumina.com)
DAVID bioinformatic data showed that most of the biological process GO terms are related to proliferation and apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
We hypothesized that FO might regulate related genes in apoptosis and PI3K-AKT pathways to mediate the proliferation and apoptosis of liver cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
PKC is an important signaling molecule in numerous cell pathways, including cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. (medscape.com)

Although they cannot encode proteins, they are involved in many biological processes as regulators, such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Western blotting and reverse transcriptase PCR were used to determine the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and genes, including bcl-2 , bax , cytochrome c , and capase-3 . (biomedcentral.com)
Our resources and products to study apoptosis include apoptosis kits and antibodies to key proteins such as caspases and the Bcl-2 family. (abcam.com)
Following dimerization, TLR signals are transduced via a cytoplasmic C-terminal Toll IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain to a set of adapter proteins. (antibodies-online.com)
Expressions of apoptosis-related and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway- related proteins were examined by western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). (harvard.edu)
Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
We now show that during early apoptosis limited membrane permeabilization occurs in blebs and apoptotic bodies, which allows release of proteins that may affect the proximal microenvironment before the catastrophic loss of membrane integrity during secondary necrosis. (nature.com)
Active caspases can then cleave many proteins, including poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), other caspases and other protein substrates en masse. (bdbiosciences.com)
Several DEATH DOMAIN RECEPTOR SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS can bind to the death domains of the activated receptors and through a complex series of interactions activate apoptotic mediators such as CASPASES. (bvsalud.org)

Excessive oxidative stress alters the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes and triggers sperm apoptosis through bcl-2, bax, cytochrome c and caspase-3 signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Columbianadin attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis via Sirt1/FOXO1 signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
Oxidative stress and apoptosis contribute to the pathological basis of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity . (bvsalud.org)
Collectively, CBN attenuated oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through maintaining Sirt1 /FOXO1 signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
RESULTS: The levels of cell death (propidium iodide positive cell numbers), apoptosis markers (caspases -3, -8, and -9), oxidative stress (cROS and mROS), mitochondria membrane depolarization, TRPM2 current density, and intracellular free Ca2+ and Zn2+ fluorescence intensity were upregulated in the HCQ group after stimulation with hydrogen peroxide and ADPR, but their levels were downregulated by treatments with CRC and TRPM2 blockers (ACA and carvacrol). (opticnervenetwork.com)
When T98G cells were incubated with wortmannin, a PI 3-kinase inhibitor, both PI 3-kinase activity and phosphorylation of Akt were inhibited, whereas apoptosis by oxidative stress was accelerated. (elsevierpure.com)

Consequently, ZnO NPs induced apoptosis and autophagy by modulating apoptotic and autophagy-related biomarkers. (mendeley.com)
Conclusion: MELF was found to protect pancreatic β cells function from STZ-induced apoptosis and autophagy in in vitro and in vivo. (um.edu.my)

Activation of P2Y12 receptor first phosphorylates BAD through the PI3K Akt pathway, and the liquid acidified BAD binds to 14-3-3 protein to separate BAD from BAD Bcl-XL complex, thus releasing free Bcl-XL. (researchsquare.com)
KEGG enrichment analysis showed that FO mainly regulates PI3K-AKT- and apoptosis-related signals, in which BBC3, DDIT3, NOXA, and CDKN1A on the surface serve as the novel targets of FO inducing HCC cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)

The goal of this investigation was to assess the apoptosis and autophagy inducing pathway of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) stabilized from Solanum xanthocarpum plant extract on human osteosarcoma MG63 cells. (mendeley.com)

The mechanism of midazolam toxicity switches from caspase-dependent apoptosis to necrosis with increasing concentrations. (bmj.com)
The induction of apoptosis and necrosis by midazolam is presumably unrelated to GABA A receptor pathway signaling. (bmj.com)
2004). Death by design: apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (nature.com)
Therefore, the shift from apoptosis to secondary necrosis is more graded than a simple binary switch, with the membrane permeabilization of apoptotic bodies and consequent limited release of DAMPs contributing to the transition between these states. (nature.com)
Apoptosis controls the orderly death of damaged cells, whereas necrosis occurs as a result of tissue damage, causing the loss of both damaged and surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Radio-frequency dose-dependent apoptosis, necrosis and cell death monitored by annexin V-BD Horizon™ V450. (bdbiosciences.com)
Radio-frequency dose-dependent apoptosis, necrosis and cell death monitored by annexin V-BD Horizon™ V450 in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines treated with a low dose of cetuximab targeted gold nanoparticles. (bdbiosciences.com)
As the RF field power increases, the temperature increases, and a shift from apoptosis (lower right quadrant) to frank necrosis (upper left quadrant) is seen. (bdbiosciences.com)
The 'extrinsic' pathway involves stimulation of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor subfamily, such as TNFRI, CD95/Fas or TRAILR (death receptors), located at the cell surface, by their specific ligands, such as TNF-alpha, FasL or TRAIL, respectively. (kegg.jp)

However, the effects of NAC on LPS‑induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the associated mechanisms are not well characterized. (spandidos-publications.com)
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of S/V on the expression of metastasis‑associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), inflammation and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (ox‑LDL) and to elucidate its possible mechanism. (spandidos-publications.com)

Human renal proximal convoluted tubule cell (HK-2) cultures were exposed to CNPs for 0, 12 and 72 h, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis levels were evaluated. (nih.gov)
We established the action potential of fucoxanthin on cell proliferation in addition to apoptosis in A2780 cells, which were measured using reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). (phcog.com)
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B) inhibits cell death through suppression of the caspase cascade, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. (nature.com)
2005). Electron transfer between cytochrome c and p66Shc generates reactive oxygen species that trigger mitochondrial apoptosis. (nature.com)

The results of CCK‑8 and flow cytometric analyses showed that pretreatment of HUVECs with NAC or p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) attenuated LPS‑induced decrease in cell viability and increase in cell apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, cell viability, migration and invasion were reduced as a result of miR-216b upregulation or HK2 silencing, while autophagy, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were induced. (ijbs.com)
Our results established that fucoxanthin stimulates apoptosis as confirmed through reduced cell viability, improved production of ROS, and altered MMP in A2780 cells. (phcog.com)
The results showed that FPMH dose-dependently reduced MAC-T cell viability following exposure to FPMH and induced mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis. (korea.ac.kr)
Methods for detecting apoptosis or dead cells (viability) by cell preparation type. (bdbiosciences.com)
Silencing of Chl1 in INS-1 cells was done to assess its impact on the insulin secretion, content, cell viability, and apoptosis. (lu.se)
Cell viability, apoptosis, and proliferation rate were not affected. (lu.se)

The present study explored the effect of NAC on LPS‑induced apoptosis of HUVECs and determined the participation of the p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the process of apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
FPMH also modulated signaling through the PI3K and MAPK pathways. (korea.ac.kr)
Our previous report showed that FO inhibits HCC cell invasion via AKT-, mitogen-activated protein kinase- (MAPK-), and EMT-related signals [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

However, few studies have investigated LPS-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Apoptosis refers to the self-regulated and orderly death of cells controlled by genes in order to maintain the stability of internal environment ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The apoptosis of endothelial cells is a key event that may impair the integrity of the vessel wall and lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
B-cell lymphoma (Bcl2) protein overexpressing and caspase 9-deficient lymphoma cells were used to determine the role of the mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway. (bmj.com)
Caspase 8-deficient and Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD)-deficient cells were used to evaluate the death receptor (extrinsic) pathway. (bmj.com)
Previous studies have suggested that neutrophils as the most abundant leukocytes in circulation and the first peripheral immune cells to reach the contused brain are highly involved in regulating neuroinflammatory responses and neuronal apoptosis after brain injury [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Discover pathways on apoptosis induction, caspase activation and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. (abcam.com)
Finally, a protective role of EV over apoptosis is suggested, as relative values of cells in early and late apoptosis were significantly lower in EV-treated cells, which also showed increased CSNK1G1 expression. (ucr.ac.cr)
It was also confirmed by MTT assay and annexin-V/PI staining assay that EESJ inhibited glutamate-induced apoptosis in the HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. (jejunu.ac.kr)
CNPs also up-regulated expression of LC3-B, Beclin-1and p-JNK.CNPs are phagocytosed by HK-2 cells, leading to autophagy, apoptosis and ROS production, in part through activation of JNK signaling pathways. (nih.gov)
Although ER stress-dependent apoptosis is observed in a great number of devastating human diseases, how cells activate apoptosis and promote tissue homeostasis after chronic ER stress remains poorly understood. (uvsq.fr)
PERK/ATF4 also activated the JNK pathway through Rac1 and Slpr activation in apoptotic cells, leading to the expression of Dilp8. (uvsq.fr)
Aim of study: To investigate the potential protective effects of L. flavescens in pancreatic β cells through inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy cell death mechanisms in in vitro and in vivo models. (um.edu.my)
In addition, MELF has been shown to inhibit INS-1 β cells apoptosis and autophagy activity. (um.edu.my)
The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of fucoxanthin on apoptosis via signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cells. (phcog.com)
The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, TGFBR2 was a direct target of miR-128-3p, and its overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-128-3p overexpression on inflammation and apoptosis in LPS-induced HK2 cells. (degruyter.com)
miR-128-3p could inhibit apoptosis and inflammation by targeting TGFBR2 in LPS-induced HK2 cells, which might provide therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sepsis. (degruyter.com)
Thus, it became apparent that FAK is the upstream signal protein of the PI 3-kinase- Akt survival pathway in hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in T98G cells. (elsevierpure.com)
The aim of this study was designed to investigate whetherRg1 could induce apoptosis in TF-1/Epo cells and further to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. (waocp.org)
Nearly half of neural cells die by apoptosis during brain development. (jneurosci.org)
Apoptosis allows for efficient and immunologically silent removal of damaged or superfluous cells in multicellular organisms. (nature.com)
Cell surface sensors on immune cells that ordinarily recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns produced by infectious agents may also interact with DAMPs, leading to the activation of signaling pathways resulting in a nonpathogen-induced 'sterile' inflammatory response. (nature.com)
Apoptosis is an organized process that signals cells to self-destruct for cell renewal or to control aberrant cell growth. (bdbiosciences.com)
As cells become damaged or are no longer needed, they undergo apoptosis or programmed cell death, a normal physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). (kegg.jp)
It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. (kegg.jp)
and controlling the self-destruction of cells ( apoptosis ). (medlineplus.gov)
Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa L), has proven to be a modulator of multiple intercellular signalling pathways linked to inflammation, to proliferation, growth, invasion, drug sensitivity, angiogenesis and metastasis of cancer cells. (researchgate.net)
Sodium butyrate induces mitophagy and apoptosis of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells through the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (usda.gov)
GSEA showed that the insulin-signaling pathway was influenced in Chl1 -silenced cells. (lu.se)
Phagocytes patrol our tissues on the lookout for "find-me" signals released by dying cells, and then engulf them when they encounter "eat-me" signals. (medicalnewstoday.com)
To make it easy for patrolling phagocytes to home in and engulf apoptotic cells, they release strong "find-me" and "eat-me" signals. (medicalnewstoday.com)
PKC isozymes are LR-dependent molecules that link psychosine-induced LR disruption to reduced PKC function and altered cell signaling activity, possibly driving demyelination and apoptosis in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. (medscape.com)
Targeting activated Gα subunits to specific cells in vivo permits identification of downstream effector pathways independent of receptor activation, and thus permits insight into disease mechanisms otherwise impossible to study in vivo . (medscape.com)

The present study investigated TiO2 nanoparticle -induced cell apoptosis and molecular mechanisms involved in this process in a mouse epidermal (JB6) cell line. (cdc.gov)
These act as danger signals, or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). (medicalnewstoday.com)

One of the most consistently observed characteristics of apoptosis is the activation of a series of cytosolic proteases called caspases. (bdbiosciences.com)
Caspases are activated upon cleavage at aspartate residues during the earliest stages of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Caspases-9, -8 and -3 have been implicated in apoptosis-caspase-9 in the mitochondrial pathway, caspase-8 in the Fas/CD95 pathway, and caspase-3 more downstream, activated by multiple pathways. (bdbiosciences.com)
These two pathways converge at the level of effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. (kegg.jp)

LPS (also referred to as endotoxin) is one of the important virulence factors that is known to mediate inflammation and apoptosis ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Overall, the findings suggested that S/V could downregulate the expression of MALAT1, inhibit inflammation and apoptosis and improve endothelial function in ox‑LDL‑induced HUVECs via inactivating the TLR4/NF‑κB signaling pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
Overexpression of miR-128-3p or knockdown of TGFBR2 ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)

These results suggest that differential expression of Apaf-1 and caspase-3 genes may underlie regulation of apoptotic susceptibility during brain development, as well as after acute injury to mature brain, through the intrinsic pathway of caspase activation. (jneurosci.org)

Mitochondrial regulation of apoptosis further downstream was investigated, showing changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, and enhanced activation of cleaved caspase-3 and Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). (hindawi.com)

There is some evidence that necroptosis may be a backup system that kicks in when certain pathogens, which can inhibit apoptosis, infect a cell. (medicalnewstoday.com)

The extract which promotes the highest cell protective activity was further evaluated for insulin secretion, apoptosis and autophagy signaling pathways. (um.edu.my)
The active extract was tested in diabetic rats where the pancreatic β islets were evaluated for insulin, apoptosis and autophagy protein. (um.edu.my)
Silencing of Chl1 impairs β-cell function by disrupting the activity of key signaling pathways of importance for insulin biosynthesis and secretion. (lu.se)

Downstream, TLR signaling engages two distinct pathways in which either TRIF (TICAM2) or MyD88 are the key component. (antibodies-online.com)

Cl-amidine, 2′3′-cGAMP (an activator of stimulating Interferon genes (STING)), C-176 (a selective STING inhibitor), and Kira6 [a selectively phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme-1 alpha [IRE1α] inhibitor] were administrated to explore the mechanism by which NETs promote neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis after TBI. (biomedcentral.com)
Importantly, overexpression of PAD4 promotes neuroinflammation and neuronal death via the IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway after TBI. (biomedcentral.com)
Altogether, we are the first to demonstrate that NETs inhibition with Cl-amidine ameliorated neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and neurological deficits via STING-dependent IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway after TBI. (biomedcentral.com)
Neuronal apoptosis plays an essential role in early brain development and contributes to secondary neuronal loss after acute brain injury. (jneurosci.org)
Recent studies have provided evidence that neuronal susceptibility to apoptosis induced by traumatic or ischemic injury decreases during brain development. (jneurosci.org)
Eldadah and Faden, 2000 ), we hypothesized that suppression of apoptotic capability during maturation of mammalian brain results from repression of genes involved in the caspase-3 activation pathway, and that injury-induced neuronal apoptosis in the mature brain results from reactivation of these genes. (jneurosci.org)
In the present study, we evaluated the role of the intrinsic pathway in neuronal apoptosis at different stages of rat brain development and during maturation of primary cortical neurons in vivo as well as in response to brain injury. (jneurosci.org)

We aimed to investigate the modulating action of CRC on HCQ-induced TRPM2 stimulation, cROS, mROS, apoptosis, and death in an adult retinal pigment epithelial 19 (ARPE19) cell line model. (opticnervenetwork.com)
E1/E2 heterodimer binding on CD81 activates the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway (PubMed:22855500). (proteopedia.org)
Gα12 couples to numerous G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and regulates multiple epithelial responses, including proliferation, apoptosis, permeability and the actin cytoskeleton. (medscape.com)

The central event in the 'intrinsic' pathway is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c. (kegg.jp)

Here we demonstrate that, during brain maturation, the potential of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is progressively reduced and that such repression is associated with downregulation of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and caspase-3 gene expression. (jneurosci.org)

Herewe found that Rg1 could inhibit TF-1/Epo cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in vitro in a concentrationand time dependent manner. (waocp.org)
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle s induce JB6 cell apoptosis through activation of the caspase-8/Bid and mitochondrial pathways. (cdc.gov)

An introductionto the mechanisms of apoptotic cell death and apoptosis assays and markers. (abcam.com)
With the addition of these new formats, more complex assays can be developed to look at apoptosis within heterogeneous cell subsets. (bdbiosciences.com)

There are two typical apoptotic pathways: The mitochondrial pathway and the death receptor pathway ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The death receptor pathway plays an important role in cell apoptosis ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The inhibitor of death receptor signaling, FLICE-inhibitory protein defines a new class of tumor progression factors. (nature.com)

Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to observe the expression of P2Y12, MMP13, COL2 and other cartilage degeneration and apoptosis related indexes. (researchsquare.com)

The p53 is considered as a major "guardian of genome" for its activities in a wide range of cellular events, including cell-cycle regulation, induction of apoptosis, gene amplification, DNA recombination, chromosomal segregation and cellular senescence. (apexbt.com)
Both pathways culminate in the induction of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL-12), type I interferons (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta), or apoptosis. (antibodies-online.com)

CONCLUSION: Scutellarin suppressed gastric cancer cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis by inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. (harvard.edu)

During the progression of FJOA, these pro-inflammatory cytokines are considered to be key factors in promoting chondrocyte apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)

Caspase-3 is one of the most critical effector proteases in cell apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)

We observed, in this novel model of chronic ER-stress, a PERK/ATF4-dependent apoptosis requiring downregulation of the antiapoptotic diap1 gene. (uvsq.fr)

TGF-β signaling is initiated when the ligand binds to type II serine/threonine kinase receptor (TGFBR2), which then phosphorylates and activates type I serine/threonine kinase receptor (TGFBR1) [ 13 ]. (degruyter.com)
TNF family of ligands activates anti-apoptotic or cell-survival signals as well as apoptotic signals. (kegg.jp)

Functional enrichment examines whether the number of genes in the list associated with a biological function or particular pathway is more than would be expected by chance. (univ-lyon1.fr)
As an example, enrichment of a particular pathway among a list of genes that are differentially expressed after an experimental manipulation may indicate that the pathway has been altered by that manipulation. (univ-lyon1.fr)
One key component of a statistically rigorous functional enrichment analysis is the definition of a background data set that can be used to estimate the number of candidate genes that are 'expected' to be associated with the pathway by chance, e.g., if 5% of genes in the background data set are associated with a pathway then 5% of candidate gene are expected to be associated with the pathway by chance. (univ-lyon1.fr)

Chronicity of ER stress leads to UPR-induced apoptosis and in turn to an unbalance of tissue homeostasis. (uvsq.fr)
Thanks to a novel chronic ER stress model, these results establish a new pathway that both participates in tissue homeostasis and triggers apoptosis through an original regulation. (uvsq.fr)

The p53 tumor suppressor is a 53 kDa nuclear phosphoprotein of 393 amino acids that is encoded by the TP53 gene (20 kb with 11 exons and 10 introns) and characterized by the presence of several structural and functional domains, including a N-terminus, a central core domain, a C-terminal region, a strongly basic carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain, a nuclear localization signal sequence and three nuclear export signal sequence. (apexbt.com)
Briefly, the user provides a KEGG formatted species id for either human, mouse or rat, and the package will download and store species specific ENTREZ gene IDs and map them to their respective KEGG pathways by accessing the KEGG REST API. (univ-lyon1.fr)
Next, the user will identify significantly enriched pathways in two different gene sets, and finally, the user will identify pathways that are differentially enriched between the two gene sets. (univ-lyon1.fr)

Besides, overexpression of miR-128-3p downregulated TGFBR2 to suppress the activation of the Smad signaling pathway. (degruyter.com)

The KEGG API is used to guarantee the most up-to-date pathway data from KEGG. (univ-lyon1.fr)

Apoptosis can also be initiated by outside triggers. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Anatomy31

Organisms9

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs134

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes51

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

MTOR signali5

Induces apoptosis3

Flow cytometry9

Proliferation and apoptosis4

Proteins9

Oxidative stress6

Induced apoptosis and autophagy2

PI3K Akt2

Autophagy inducin1

Necrosis9

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells2

Reactive oxygen4

Viability7

MAPK3

Cells36

Molecular2

Caspases4

Inflammation3

Caspase activation1

Regulation of apoptosis1

Inhibit apoptosis1

Insulin3

Downstream1

Neuronal7

Epithelial3

Cytochrome1

Intrinsic apoptotic1

Induce2

Assays2

Death receptor3

Western blot1

Induction2

Conclusion1

Chondrocyte1

Proteases1

Downregulation1

Activates2

Genes3

Tissue homeostasis2

Gene3

Overexpression1

KEGG1

Triggers1