Signaling pathway calcium calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase. Medical search. Frequent questions

For this purpose, WIN 55,212-2 was injected in pregnant wistar rats from gestation day 5 to 20 and a detailed analysis of the levels of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as of the signaling molecules extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (alpha-CaMKII) was carried out in adult offspring. (researchgate.net)
Currently, there are 4 known MAPK signaling pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK ), c- Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK, also known as SAPK), p38 and ERK5 pathways. (cusabio.com)
First, we will discuss the role of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and its receptors, downstream signaling effectors [e.g., calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)], associated immediate early gene (e.g. (ulaval.ca)
In particular, considering that protein kinases play a strategic role aimed to convert the extracellular signals into biological responses, functional alterations on kinases may directly contribute to age-dependent neuronal dysfunctions. (eurekaselect.com)
These included the protein extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIα (CaMKIIα), CaMKIIβ, CaMKIV, and the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB). (sophia.ac.jp)
Combining immunopurification and subsequent analytical mass spectrometry, hundreds of proteins, including synaptic vesicle proteins, components of the presynaptic fusion and retrieval machinery, proteins involved in intracellular and extracellular signaling and a large variety of adhesion molecules, were identified. (mdpi.com)
We found (i) a larger activity-dependent release of ATP and adenosine during the period of synaptogenesis in the hippocampus, (ii) a peak of expression of the ecto-5'-nucleotidase, the ratelimiting enzyme for the formation of adenosine from extracellular ATP in synapses during this critical period, and (iii) a peak of peri/post-synaptic expression of A2AR concomitant with the period of synaptogenesis. (sorbonne-universite.fr)

In addition, we discuss reports on the interactions of OXT and AVP receptor genes and genes involved in other pathways (such as those of dopamine, serotonin, and reelin), as well as research that has shed some light on the impact of gene polymorphisms on the volume, connectivity, and activation of specific neural structures, differential receptor expression, and plasma levels of the OXT and AVP peptides. (frontiersin.org)
This effect was associated with decreased activation of pathways linked to neurotrophin and glutamate receptor signaling. (researchgate.net)
Thus, chronic administration of opioids modifies neuronal MOR function through a variety of mechanisms including receptor phosphorylation, signaling, multimerization, and trafficking, which may underlie tolerance to morphine. (hindawi.com)
The main process of this pathway: the growth factor activates the receptor by binding to the tyrosine kinase receptor, and the activated tyrosine kinase receptor activates the Ras protein, then the Ras protein phosphorylates the Raf, and the activated Raf phosphorylates the downstream MEK. (cusabio.com)
Here, potential mechanisms involving alterations in T-cell receptor expressions, postreceptor downstream signalling, epigenetics, and oxidative stress which favour activation of lupus T cells will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
A fuller picture of the WNT signaling pathway surfaced when T-cell aspect/lymphocyte enhancer aspect (TCF/LEF) transcription elements had been defined as WNT nuclear effectors 9, 10 and Frizzleds (FZDs) had been defined as WNT obligate receptors 11, working as well as co-receptors, such as for example low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related proteins (LRPs)/Arrow 12. (icsv20.org)
Non-canonical WNT signaling can be initiated by WNT conversation with Frizzled receptors, or RYK and ROR receptor tyrosine kinases, and regulates small GTPases (such as RhoA, Rac and Cdc42) in DVL-dependent manner. (icsv20.org)
AT 1 R is a member of the 7-fold transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family[12,13], mainly exists in the myocardial membrane and can mediate cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload and mechanical stimulation after activation [14]. (researchsquare.com)

MAPK is a mitogen-activated protein kinase, a class of protein kinases with dual phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine in the cytosol. (cusabio.com)
In the present study, we examined the role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the mitogen-activated protein kinases, ERK1/2,in mediating BK-induced AP-1 and DNA replication in cultured rat mesangial cells. (nih.gov)
BK (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) stimulated a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple proteins with an estimated molecular mass of 120-130, 90-95, and 44-42 kDa. (nih.gov)
Genistein, a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, prevented the phosphorylation of ERK2 by BK. (nih.gov)
AP-1 pathway and that BK mitogenic signaling is critically dependent on protein tyrosine phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
While short- and long-term memory formation has been associated with the phosphorylation levels of key memory-related proteins, the molecular mechanisms underlying melatonin-induced memory enhancement have remained elusive. (sophia.ac.jp)
It is also known that the formation of both short- and long-term memories require the phosphorylation of certain memory-related proteins. (sophia.ac.jp)
In addition, they examined "phosphorylation," or the biochemical addition of phosphate groups to protein structures, in five key proteins involved in memory formation. (sophia.ac.jp)
Multiple serine/threonine kinases control the subcellular localization of these HDACs by phosphorylation of common serine residues, but whether certain class IIa HDACs respond selectively to specific kinases has not been determined. (jci.org)
In cardiomyocytes, CaMKII phosphorylation of HDAC4 results in hypertrophic growth, which can be blocked by a signal-resistant HDAC4 mutant. (jci.org)
We furthermore demonstrate that p110δ is phosphorylated at residues Y524 and S1039 and that phosphorylation requires an intact binding site for PI3-kinase in c-Kit/D816V. (ku.dk)
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that operates in the calcium-triggered CaMKK-CaMK4 signaling cascade and regulates, mainly by phosphorylation, the activity of several transcription activators, such as CREB1, MEF2D, JUN and RORA, which play pivotal roles in immune response, inflammation, and memory consolidation. (string-db.org)
PKC phosphorylation of these proteins also inhibits their binding to RNA in vitro. (embl.de)
In the current study, they found CaMKII inhibition suppresses levels of the pseudo-kinase TRB3 to improve Akt-phosphorylation, thereby improving insulin sensitivity. (medpagetoday.com)
Instead, inhibiting the CaMKII pathway suppressed levels of the pseudo-kinase TRB3, which likely occurred because of suppression of ATF4 -- all of which led to an increase in Akt-phosphorylation and insulin sensitivity. (medpagetoday.com)
Indeed, when mice were made to overexpress TRB3, the improvement in phosphorylation disappeared, "indicating that the suppression of TRB3 by CaMKII deficiency is causally important in the improvement in insulin signaling," they wrote. (medpagetoday.com)

In summary, the present data suggest that deficits of BDNF levels and signaling through ERK1/2 and alpha-CaMKII might contribute to cognitive and neuroplastic defects associated with prenatal exposure to cannabinoids. (researchgate.net)
Non-canonical WNT signaling can also activate calcium flux and kinase cascades, including protein kinase C (PKC), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), leading to the activation of AP1- and NFAT-regulated gene expression 25-27. (icsv20.org)
Here we show that calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) signals specifically to HDAC4 by binding to a unique docking site that is absent in other class IIa HDACs. (jci.org)
These findings reveal a central role for HDAC4 in CaMKII signaling pathways and have implications for the control of gene expression by calcium signaling in a variety of cell types. (jci.org)
A ) Chimeric HDAC4/5 proteins (as indicated) were expressed in COS cells in the presence of CaMKIIδB-T287D. (jci.org)
Calmodulin variant E140G associated with long QT syndrome impairs CaMKIIδ autophosphorylation and L-type calcium channel inactivation. (nih.gov)
In a series of experiments in mice, researchers found that inhibition of the kinase CaMKII -- or even some of its downstream components -- lowered blood glucose and insulin levels, Ira Tabas, MD, PhD , of Columbia University Medical Center in New York City, and colleagues reported online in Cell Metabolism . (medpagetoday.com)
In an earlier study , Tabas and colleagues showed that inhibiting the CaMKII pathway lowered hepatic glucose production by suppressing p38-mediated FoxO1 nuclear localization. (medpagetoday.com)
Tabas and colleagues conducted several experiments to evaluate the CaMKII pathway. (medpagetoday.com)
As a result, there "appear to be two separate CaMKII pathways, one involved in CaMKII-p38-FoxO1 dependent hepatic glucose production, and the other involved in defective insulin-induced p-Akt," they wrote. (medpagetoday.com)
Our study is the first to show that activating the CaMKII pathway helps protect retinal ganglion cells from a variety of injuries and in multiple glaucoma models," said the study's lead investigator, Bo Chen, Ph.D., associate professor of ophthalmology and neuroscience at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City. (newswise.com)
The CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) pathway regulates key cellular processes and functions throughout the body, including retinal ganglion cells in the eye. (newswise.com)
Using an antibody marker of CaMKII activity, Chen's team discovered that CaMKII pathway signaling was compromised whenever retinal ganglion cells were exposed to toxins or trauma from a crush injury to the optic nerve, suggesting a correlation between CaMKII activity and retinal ganglion cell survival. (newswise.com)
Searching for ways to intervene, they found that activating the CaMKII pathway with gene therapy proved protective to the retinal ganglion cells. (newswise.com)

Expression analyses suggested that maize CDPK genes are important components of maize development and multiple transduction pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Signal transduction pathways mediated by the changes in the [Ca2+]c is termed Ca2+ signaling, and are mainly initiated by the activation of Ca2+-permeable channels. (globalsciencebooks.info)
These data suggest that PKC may regulate interactions of EWS and other RNA-binding proteins with their RNA targets and that IQ domains may provide a regulatory link between Ca2+ signal transduction pathways and RNA processing. (embl.de)

Here we report that extinction is triggered by two hippocampal signaling pathways underlying retrieval (the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways) and two other mechanisms that become activated at the same time and are not necessary for retrieval (N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamatergic receptors and the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II signaling pathway). (unboundmedicine.com)
Many types of opioid receptors (e.g., μ , κ , δ ) exist in the nervous system, and they are all typical inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) [ 30 ]. (hindawi.com)
Feng C, Liang S, Harold V. Wnt signals across the plasma membrane to activate the beta-catenin pathway by forming oligomers containing its receptors, Frizzled and LRP. (cams.cn)
Their regulation may be carried out either through direct binding to DNA as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or via modulation in an indirect manner of signaling pathway molecules (e.g., protein kinase C) and other transcription factors (nuclear factor kappa B and sterol regulatory element binding protein). (springer.com)
Phenotypic and functional alterations in lupus T cells including expansion of the Th17 population, perturbations of the physiology of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and postreceptor downstream signalling, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes result in exaggeration of TCR response to stimuli and the propensity of lupus T cells to get activated [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
A further chapter discusses how surface membrane G-protein receptors in C. albicans and other fungi transmit external stimuli through 2 major protein kinase cascades. (cdc.gov)
This get the job done demonstrates a novel complicated concerning FE65, VLDLR, and APP, which assists elucidate the part of FE65 in regulating transmem brane proteins like ApoE receptors and APP while in the CNS. (mirnasynthesis.com)
In the adult brain, adenosine signaling facilitates or inhibits neurotransmitter vesicular release mainly through activation of type 2A or 1 adenosine receptors (A2AR or A1R), respectively. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
Believed to target protein phosphatase 1/PP1 to dendritic spines, which are rich in F-actin, and regulates its specificity toward ion channels and other substrates, such as AMPA-type and NMDA-type glutamate receptors. (string-db.org)

The mechanisms underlying learning and memory processes involve the recruitment of multiple signaling pathways and gene expression, leading to adaptative neuronal plasticity and long-lasting changes in brain circuitry. (ulaval.ca)
Seems to act as a scaffold protein in multiple signaling pathways. (string-db.org)

Wnt5a is a representative Wnt ligand that regulates multiple cellular functions through the Wnt5a non-classical pathway. (cams.cn)
Frizzled2 signaling regulates growth of high-risk neuroblastomas by interfering with β-catenin-dependent and β-catenin-independent signaling pathways. (cams.cn)
The MAPK signaling pathway activates transcription factors and regulates gene expression through a cascade reaction (MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK). (cusabio.com)
MEK can phosphorylate and activate ERK, which is transferred into the nucleus and regulates gene expression by activating other kinases or transcription factors. (cusabio.com)
Inhibition of the p38 MARK pathway down-regulates the activity of protein kinase C ( PKC ), which plays an important role in osteogenic differentiation of cells. (cusabio.com)
The p38 signaling pathway regulates the differentiation direction of stem cells, which may be related to the regulation of the stability of p53 protein [3] [4] . (cusabio.com)
Calcium-induced activation of calmodulin regulates and modulates the function of cardiac ion channels. (nih.gov)
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that operates in the calcium-triggered CaMKK-CaMK1 signaling cascade and, upon calcium influx, activates CREB-dependent gene transcription, regulates calcium- mediated granulocyte function and respiratory burst and promotes basal dendritic growth of hippocampal neurons. (string-db.org)

ERK and Akt are two kinases regulating the cellular signalling surrounding apoptosis of neuronal cells. (wikipedia.org)
The granule cell enriched Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase (Cam kinase-Gr) may serve as a calcium activated switch involved in neuronal communication. (epa.gov)
Based on its subcellular distribution, Cam kinase-Gr provides particular neuronal populations with a coordinated CA(2+)-signalling pathway which may regulate several aspects of neuronal function. (epa.gov)
Among the age-induced changes underlying alterations in neuronal communication and synaptic plasticity, those related to neurotransmitter/neurotrophin systems and downstream signalling pathways are of great relevance. (eurekaselect.com)
This is exemplified by the neuronal tau proteins, which are critically involved in a class of neurodegenerative diseases collectively called tauopathies and which includes Alzheimer's disease (AD) as its most common representative. (microbialcell.com)
In this respect, although obviously lacking a brain with a multicellular neuronal network, simple unicellular yeast are of great value to investigate the effects of overexpression and single point-mutations in genes encoding key proteins on cell physiology and on the function of conserved signaling cascades. (microbialcell.com)
however, we found that activity-dependent release of neuronal adenosine is sufficient to stabilize newly formed GABA synapses in vitro. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
Microtubule-associated protein required for initial steps of neuronal dispersion and cortex lamination during cerebral cortex development. (string-db.org)
May act by competing with the putative neuronal protein kinase DCLK1 in binding to a target protein. (string-db.org)
May in that way participate in a signaling pathway that is crucial for neuronal interaction before and during migration, possibly as part of a calcium ion-dependent signal transduction pathway. (string-db.org)
May be part with PAFAH1B1/LIS-1 of overlapping, but distinct, signaling pathways that promote neuronal migration. (string-db.org)

Protein serine kinase H2. (string-db.org)

Although Wnt5a has been implicated in various pathological conditions, its role in cancer is ambiguous and might involve methyl modifications, distinct mRNA isoforms, as well as different downstream pathways. (cams.cn)

This chapter summarizes the current understanding of how these signaling cascades could be modulated by cognition-enhancing agents favoring memory formation and successful aging. (ulaval.ca)
Acts as a 'third messenger' substrate of protein kinase C-mediated molecular cascades during synaptic development and remodeling. (embl.de)

This review will mainly focus on the age-induced changes on Protein Kinase C (PKC), Protein Kinase A (PKA), Calcium/calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase (CaMK), Tyrosine Kinase, widely accepted as key actors in signalling pathways associated with memory. (eurekaselect.com)
In liver I/R, members of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) family are known to be activated, but their individual roles are largely unknown. (usuhs.edu)
In this study, we show that one CaMK member, CaMKIV, is protective in hepatic I/R by activating the prosurvival pathway of autophagy in hepatocytes. (usuhs.edu)
and it may be related to the activation of PLC-IP3, PKC, JAK-STAT, MAPK, Ca/CaMK/CaN signaling pathways after Ang II binds to AT 1 R on the myocardium membrane. (researchsquare.com)

WNT5A promotes migration and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells via SRC/ERK/MMP-14 pathway. (cams.cn)
WNT5a is required for normal ovarian follicle development and antagonizes gonadotropin responsiveness in granulosa cells by suppressing canonical WNT signaling. (cams.cn)
Cam kinase-Gr is also evident in the axons of granule cells and present to a lesser extent in the cytoplasm and dendrites of these neurons. (epa.gov)
The ERK-MAPK signaling pathway plays a role in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into adipocytes [1] [2] . (cusabio.com)
This pathway can also affect the proliferation and differentiation of red blood cells. (cusabio.com)
p38 pathway plays a very important role in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (cusabio.com)
while p38 kinase inhibited cell develop into ectodermal cells and eventually differentiate into neural cells. (cusabio.com)
Membrane proteins implicated in long-chain fatty acid uptake by mammalian cells: CD36, FATP and FABPm. (springer.com)
Therefore, SLE is currently believed to be a T cell-driven condition and, indeed, targeting molecules expressed on T cells and their signalling pathways can be one of the potential therapeutic strategies in SLE. (hindawi.com)
Stimulation of TCRs upon antigen binding triggers downstream signalling pathways which enables various physiological functions of the T cells. (hindawi.com)
Thus, a calcium-regulated signaling pathway controls mitochondrial biogenesis in mammalian cells. (duke.edu)
The rising evidence signifies that WNT signaling performs an essential function in regulating many natural procedures, including embryonic advancement, tissues maintenance and homoeostasis of stem cells. (icsv20.org)
Biotin labeled cell surface proteins COS7 cells were transiently transfected with VLDLR and vector or VLDLR and FE65 in Fugene six and cultured 24 hrs in DMEM containing 10% FBS. (mirnasynthesis.com)
However, mutation of this binding site had little effect on the PI3-kinase activity in the cells, suggesting that c-Kit/D816V-mediated cell survival is dependent on PI3-kinase but not its kinase activity. (ku.dk)
Knockdown of the predominant PI3-kinase isoform p110δ in c-Kit/D816V-expressing Ba/F3 cells led to reduced cell transformation both in vitro and in vivo without affecting the overall PI3-kinase activity. (ku.dk)
These data suggest that the synergistic action of glucose and GLP-1 to promote insulin gene transcription is mediated through NFAT via PKA- and calcineurin-dependent pathways in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
The rate of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells is regulated by a complex integration of signals derived from nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitters ( 1 - 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Cells lacking VDAC1 expression completely abrogate the modulatory effect of Sert on AMPK-MTOR pathway and autophagy-inducing activity. (elsevierpure.com)
Such treatments could modulate cells and tissue signaling pathways. (harvard.edu)
Glaucoma results from irreversible neurodegeneration of the optic nerve, the bundle of axons from retinal ganglion cells that transmits signals from the eye to the brain to produce vision. (newswise.com)

Conclusively, present data not only comprehends the microglia, macrophage physiology and related immune response in functionally different hippocampal regions associated cognitive and behavioural deficits, but also offers a suggestive region-specific cellular mechanism pathway for developing an imminent therapeutic approach during particular diabetes deficits. (bvsalud.org)
WNT signal transduction is an elaborate and complex aggregation of signaling pathways that regulate a wide range of cellular functions during development and in adult organisms. (kjpp.net)
Mechanistically, Sert potentially binds to and antagonizes the mitochondrial VDAC1 (voltage dependent anion channel 1), resulting in reduced cellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) level, activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of its downstream, MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase)-RPS6KB1 (ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1) signaling pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
Calmodulin (CaM) is recognized as a major calcium sensor and orchestrator of regulatory events through its interaction with a diverse group of cellular proteins. (embl.de)
Many investigations have focused on defining the region of interaction between CaM and its cellular targets and the action of CaM on target protein function. (embl.de)
The mechanisms of cellular excitability and propagation of electrical signals in the cardiac muscle are very important functionally and pathologically. (bvsalud.org)

In addition, the ERK5/BMK1 pathway, an atypical MAPK pathway, is involved in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism. (cusabio.com)
Cytochrome p450-dependent metabolism of ω-6 and ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. (springer.com)
In contrast, radial nerve showed an unexpected level of complexity with the expression of 3,370 genes significantly altered more than two-fold with age, including genes involved in nerve function, signaling, metabolism, transcriptional regulation and chromatin modification. (nature.com)
Yeast-form-specific genes identified in Histoplasma capsulatum function in calcium/calmodulin signaling pathways and sulphur metabolism. (cdc.gov)
Genes coding for defense-related transcription activators, reactive oxygen species metabolism, terpene biosynthesis, and energy conversion pathways were upregulated in inoculated samples of L. dendroidea , indicating an integrated defensive system in seaweeds. (asm.org)
Two signaling pathways arising from glucose metabolism converge to activate NFAT-mediated insulin gene transcription. (diabetesjournals.org)
Glucose metabolism activates this pathway by means of increasing [Ca 2+ ] i via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) by affecting the electrical activity of the cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
The second pathway also involves glucose metabolism but appears to be driven by glucose-derived factors that target insulin gene transcription independently of [Ca 2+ ] i . (diabetesjournals.org)

Each of these effects was blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibition with genistein or herbimycin A. Similarly, antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting of ERK1/2 mRNA inhibited BK-stimulated DNA synthesis. (nih.gov)
In contrast, protein kinase C inhibition or depletion had no effect on BK-induced c-fos mRNA, AP-1-DNA binding activity, or DNA synthesis. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, inhibition of the lipid kinase activity of PI3-kinase led only to a slight inhibition of cell survival. (ku.dk)

A breakthrough for the identification of the proteome of the presynaptic active zone was the successful employment of antibodies directed against a cytosolic epitope of membrane integral synaptic vesicle proteins for the immunopurification of synaptic vesicles docked to the presynaptic plasma membrane. (mdpi.com)

At the Wnt canonical pathway, HA/TCP and HA/TCP + ES groups showed higher Wnt1 and β-catenin gene expression levels, especially HA/TCP. (harvard.edu)

This developmental expression of the key molecules of the adenosine A2AR signalling pathway correlated with a role of A2AR in the stabilization of nascent GABA synapses, a regulation restricted to the period of synaptogenesis. (sorbonne-universite.fr)

There was also an upregulation in expression of positive regulators and key components of the AMPK pathway, autophagy, proteasome function, and the unfolded protein response. (nature.com)
Transcriptomic changes in L. dendroidea in the presence of V. madracius include the upregulation of genes that participate in signaling pathways described here for the first time as a response of seaweeds to microbes. (asm.org)
Sterile inflammatory insults, such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, result from pathogenic factors, including damage-associated molecular pattern signaling, activation of innate immunity, and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. (usuhs.edu)
Less ROS accumulation, upregulation of ROS signaling genes and higher antioxidant enzyme activities post BNS resulted in resistance. (nature.com)
these effects were blocked by U73122, an antagonist of phospholipase C. U73122 also abolished the effects of Wnta1-mediated upregulation of protein kinase C (PKC) β and γ expression, and the PKC antagonist Go 6983 eliminated Wnta1-induced secretion of ANP. (kjpp.net)

The two groups of Wnt factors regulate the β-catenin, calcium and planar cell polarity (PCP)/convergent extension (CE) pathways. (cams.cn)
MAPK can cause the activation of transcription factors in the nucleus, participate in the process of signal transmission from the cell surface to the nucleus, and regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. (cusabio.com)
Calcium-dependent signaling pathways and heat shock protein expression regulate dimorphism in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and have broad implications for other pathogens. (cdc.gov)

Lipid bilayer regulation of membrane protein function: gramicidin channels as molecular force probes. (springer.com)
In the past decade, yeast have been frequently employed to study the molecular mechanisms of human neurodegenerative diseases, generally by means of heterologous expression of genes encoding the relevant hallmark proteins. (microbialcell.com)

Wnt5a/planar cell polarity signaling pathway in urothelial carcinoma, a potential prognostic biomarker. (cams.cn)

Hence, this review is supposed to serve as a refresher of the existing understanding about the physiologic and pathogenic assignments of WNT/-catenin signaling pathway, also to put together potential therapeutic possibilities by concentrating on the canonical WNT pathway. (icsv20.org)
In the canonical WNT pathway, activated WNT phosphorylates the dishevelled (DVL) protein leading to dissociation of β-catenin from its destruction complex. (kjpp.net)

The Δ4-desaturation pathway for DHA biosynthesis is operative in the human species: differences between normal controls and children with the Zellweger syndrome. (springer.com)

One pathway results from the direct effect of increased [Ca 2+ ] i , which activates calcineurin, and in turn, it upregulates insulin gene transcription via NFAT. (diabetesjournals.org)

Endurance exercise training promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle and enhances muscle oxidative capacity, but the signaling mechanisms involved are poorly understood. (duke.edu)

Using live cell imaging, we showed adenosine signalling stabilizes active synapses. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
We report the contribution of adenylyl cyclase/cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signalling cascade and we identified a key target, the postsynaptic scaffolding molecule gephyrin. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
Since GABA exerts a similar function during development and GABA and adenosine are co-released at some synapses, I further investigated the interplay between these two pathways. (sorbonne-universite.fr)
My results support the hypothesis that GABA signalling converge onto the adenosine signalling pathway by potentiating calcium-sensitive adenylyl cyclases through the activation of calmodulin. (sorbonne-universite.fr)

When Ca2+ channels are activated in response to a variety stimuli, a drastic increase in the [Ca2+]c is induced and the entered free Ca2+ binds to the sets of Ca2+-regulated proteins such as calmodulin and calcium dependent protein kinases to modify the activities or affinities of these proteins in binding to specific targets. (globalsciencebooks.info)
The prooncoprotein EWS binds calmodulin and is phosphorylated by protein kinase C through an IQ domain. (embl.de)

These kinases play important roles in signalling pathways in the cardiovascular system. (wikipedia.org)
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have been shown to play important roles in various physiological processes, including plant growth and development, abiotic and biotic stress responses and plant hormone signaling in plants. (biomedcentral.com)

In the plants being exposed to environmental stresses, ion channels are likely activated to convert these external stimuli into intracellular signals. (globalsciencebooks.info)
Significantly, the actions of both GLP-1 and forskolin were abolished by the selective Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) inhibitor, FK506, as well as by the chelation of intracellular Ca 2+ by BAPTA (bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N,N,N ′ ,N ′-tetraacetate). (diabetesjournals.org)
Intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) appears to be an important mediator of this process ( 3 , 6 - 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

In addition, transforming growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein BMP-2 induce Runx2 /Cbfa1 transcriptional expression via the p38 MAPK pathway. (cusabio.com)

We further show that Sert suppresses tauopathy by promoting the autophagic degradation of MAPT (microtubule associated protein tau) protein via inducing autophagy. (elsevierpure.com)

Furthermore, WNT5A methyl modification influence on Wnt5a expression level and Wnt5a acts on different signal pathway. (cams.cn)
At the Wnt non-canonical pathway, HA/TCP group showed higher voltage-gated calcium channel ( Vgcc ), calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and Wnt5a genes expression, while HA/TCP + ES presented higher protein expression of VGCC and calmodulin (CaM) at the same period. (harvard.edu)

Studies have shown that ERK signaling pathway is also involved in signal transduction of osteoblast differentiation and proliferation. (cusabio.com)
Biologically, the canonical WNT/-catenin signaling pathway usually plays crucial functions in regulating cell fate, proliferation and survival, while the non-canonical WNT signaling is usually more associated with differentiation, cell polarity and migration 25-27. (icsv20.org)

In particular, prenatal cannabinoid treatment reduced the phosphorylated levels of ERK1/2 in selected subcellular compartments of hippocampus, frontal and prefrontal cortex, whereas no changes were observed in the total levels of these proteins. (researchgate.net)

In line with these concepts, pharmacological modulation of kinases may lead to neuroprotective effects that can prevent or counteract age-related memory impairment. (eurekaselect.com)
Beispiele sind die Modulation von intrazellulärem Calcium, die 12-lipoxygenase, PKC und SRC Kinase Kaskaden. (antikoerper-online.de)

Chapter 3 Biochemistry and cell biology of calcium channels and signaling involved in plant growth and environmental responses. (globalsciencebooks.info)

Within this context, numerous studies point out on several kinases as positive regulators for memory function and suggest that various memory disturbances are the result of a deficit in kinase signalling pathways. (eurekaselect.com)

Restoration of autophagic signaling with rapamycin reduces organ damage in CaMKIV knockout mice to wild-type levels. (usuhs.edu)

The uncontrolled signalling via hPR during crucial times could lead to adverse effects. (wikipedia.org)
lt;div class="textblock">PI3-kinase has a crucial role in transformation mediated by the oncogenic c-Kit mutant D816V. (ku.dk)

MBP interferes with the regular signalling of these two kinases, causing cell death through the activation of ERK and inactivation of Akt. (wikipedia.org)
The JNK signaling pathway can affect a variety of life processes such as cell growth, cell differentiation, and cell death. (cusabio.com)
Generally in most cell/tissues contexts, WNTs become short-range signaling 23. (icsv20.org)
In this study, we demonstrate that the c-Kit/D816V-mediated cell survival is dependent on an intact direct binding of PI3-kinase to c-Kit. (ku.dk)
This suggests that p110δ has a lipid-kinase-independent role in c-Kit/D816V-mediated cell transformation. (ku.dk)
Taken together, our results demonstrate an important lipid-kinase-independent role of p110δ in c-Kit/D816V-mediated cell transformation. (ku.dk)
Plant Cell Wall Proteins: A Large Body of Data, but What about Runaways? (mdpi.com)
However, there is no study investigating the effects of ES and bioceramic composite scaffolds on bone tissue formation, particularly in the view of cell signaling pathway. (harvard.edu)

To date, three major classes of Ca 2+ -binding proteins, including calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPK), calmodulins (CaM) and CaM-like proteins (CaML) and calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL), have been characterized in higher plants [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

decrease the expression of β-MHC, ANF, Ang II, AT 1 R, c-fos and c-myc mRNA and the protein levels of PLC, IP 3 , AngII and AT 1 R in left ventricular myocardium, in addition, the content of Ca 2+ also decrease. (researchsquare.com)

In the MAPK signaling pathway, the ERK pathway acts primarily through the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK cascade. (cusabio.com)
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), also known as stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK), is another subclass of MAPK in mammals. (cusabio.com)
The p38 signaling pathway is an important component of the MAPK family. (cusabio.com)
The improvements also occurred when they knocked out downstream processes, including p38 and MAPK-activating protein kinase 2 (MK2). (medpagetoday.com)

It has been shown that MBP inhibits the formation of the nitric oxides necessary for these signalling pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Diagram showing the synthetic pathway responsible for nitric oxide (NO) production from arginine and O 2 and catalyzed by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). (frontiersin.org)
Rutin caused attenuation of streptozotocin-induced inflammation by decreasing the activity of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, interleukin-8, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor-kB and thereby prevented gross anatomical changes in rat hippocampus. (fuqna.com)

Including the activation of ERK and other mitogen-activated protein kinases. (wikipedia.org)
In conclusion, the protective autophagic signaling pathway serves to reduce organ damage following I/R and is regulated by activation of CaMKIV signaling in hepatocytes. (usuhs.edu)
Experiments using phytohormone priming and phytohormone inhibitors showed that resistance resulted from activation of JA-ET signaling pathway. (nature.com)
On the counter side plants adopt timely activation of suitable phytohormone signaling depending on the pathogen's lifestyle so as to restrict the infection process 12 . (nature.com)
After activation by phosphorylated DVL, the WNT/PCP pathway is mediated by signaling through the small GTPases RhoA and Rac and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) or c-Jun N-terminal kinase. (kjpp.net)
It differs from other enzyme subtypes in that it lacks a phosphorylatable activation domain that can respond to CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE KINASE. (curehunter.com)

CaMKIV knockout mice experience significantly worse organ damage after I/R and are deficient in hepatocyte autophagic signaling. (usuhs.edu)

These effects of choline are correlated with modifications in histone and DNA methylation in brain, and with alterations in the expression of genes that encode proteins important for learning and memory processing, suggesting a possible epigenomic mechanism of action. (mdpi.com)

The lipid the different parts of WNTs are necessary for effective signaling, including WNT proteins secretion 30, 31. (icsv20.org)
The effect of WNT signaling on regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion is unclear. (kjpp.net)

In the next years, research of genetics delineating the romantic relationships among portion polarity mutations mapped out the primary from the WNT/Wg indication transduction cascade by determining Porcupine (PORC), disheveled (DVL), armadillo (-catenin), and zeste-white 3/glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) genes 5-8. (icsv20.org)

Anatomy14

Organisms6

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes26

Information Science3

Extracellular7

Receptor8

Phosphorylation16

CaMKII14

Transduction pathways3

Receptors9

Multiple signalin2

Regulates8

Neuronal11

Serine1

Downstream pathways1

Cascades2

CAMK4

Cells21

Cellular6

Metabolism8

Inhibition3

Synaptic1

Gene Expression1

Molecules1

Upregulation5

Regulate3

Molecular2

Planar cell pol1

Canonical WNT pathway2

Biosynthesis1

Activates1

Mechanisms1

Adenosine4

Binds2

Play important roles2

Intracellular3

Transcriptional1

Autophagy1

Wnt5a2

Proliferation2

ERK11

Modulation2

Biochemistry1

Positive regulators1

Rapamycin1

Crucial2

Cell8

Calcineurin1

MRNA1

MAPK4

Nitric3

Activation6

Autophagic1

Expression of ge1

Secretion2

Cascade1