Nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) suppressed glutamatergic synaptic transmission to trigeminal motoneurons in brain stem slices of neonatal rats. (nih.gov)
Application of flow increased epithelial cell height and apical and basolateral secretion of cyclic GMP (cGMP) under baseline, unstimulated conditions. (johnshopkins.edu)
Naringenin Inhibits Superoxide Anion-Induced Inflammatory Pain: Role of Oxidative Stress, Cytokines, Nrf-2 and the NO-cGMP-PKG-KATP Channel Signaling Pathway. (harvard.edu)
Recently, signaling by GCC and its downstream effector, cyclic GMP (cGMP) has emerged as a principal regulator of proliferation in human colon cancer cells. (jefferson.edu)
In close agreement, induction of GCC signaling in mucosal sheets ex vivo and intestinal cells in vitro inhibited proliferation by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase and delaying the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. (jefferson.edu)
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes are known to control cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels in the parasite, but the mechanisms by which cyclic AMP (cAMP) is regulated remain enigmatic. (crick.ac.uk)
Guanylate cyclase (GC) catalyzes the biosynthesis of cyclic guanosine 3',5'- monophosphate (cGMP) from GTP. (nih.gov)
The mutated form synthesizes cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate instead of cGMP, allowing the detection of enzymatic activity by a reporter gene approach. (nih.gov)
One important second messenger in transducing the regulable nature of motile cilia is cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP). (cdc.gov)
The continuous influx of sodium ions results from binding of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) to the sodium gates, which keeps the gated channels open while maintaining neurotransmitter release onto the bipolar cell, hyperpolarizing it (ie, the bipolar cells are inhibited). (medscape.com)
The activated G-protein activates cGMP phosphodiesterase, which catalyzes the conversion of cGMP to guanosine monophosphate (GMP). (medscape.com)
The conversion of cGMP to GMP closes sodium channels. (medscape.com)
Pathway11
Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to be involved in E-LTP, but until now there has been no information about the role of the NO-signaling pathway in L-LTP. (jneurosci.org)
Much additional work by our group and others' is now elucidating the nitric oxide and c-di-GMP-mediated signalling pathway, and its exploitation for biofilm control in medical and industrial contexts. (southampton.ac.uk)
Upon DNA detection, cGAS synthesizes cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), the second messenger molecule that activates the cGAS-STING signaling pathway to fight infections, inflammatory diseases, and cancers. (sciencedaily.com)
Using mouse models and human biospecimens, the investigators found that activation of cytosolic cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)- and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent type 1 interferon signaling (cGAS-STING pathway) induced delayed cardiac inflammation after radiation and anthracycline chemotherapy. (mskcc.org)
Further, they found that suppressing this signaling pathway with an experimental STING antagonist effectively prevented cardiac toxicity in mouse models. (mskcc.org)
Binding of dsDNA by cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) triggers formation of the metazoan second messenger c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p], which binds the signaling protein STING with subsequent activation of the interferon (IFN) pathway. (rcsb.org)
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a signaling protein in the innate immune system that senses DNA floating in a cell and can activate a molecular pathway to fight off the invader. (scienceboard.net)
NO, which is produced endogenously in mature biofilms, was shown to trigger a signaling pathway involving the intracellular secondary messenger cyclic di-GMP, which in turn activates a range of effectors that result in dispersal. (omicsonline.org)
In 2009 Nic took up an ARC International Fellowship to further investigate the molecular mechanisms of this new signaling pathway at the Imperial College London. (omicsonline.org)
Upon binding DNA, cGAS activates an innate immune pathway by rapidly synthesizing a small signaling molecule called cGAMP (cyclic GMP-AMP), which binds to the receptor STING to drive expression of immune-related genes. (cancerresearch.org)
The researchers also studied the cell-signaling pathway in the mitochondria of these mice. (lifeextension.com)
Synthase3
In the mammalian innate immune system, the protein cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) detects foreign or damaged "self" DNAs. (sciencedaily.com)
The cellular enzyme cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is an immune sensor protein that detects pathogen- or tumor-derived DNA. (cancerresearch.org)
The major sensor of cytosolic double stranded (ds)DNA is the enzyme cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase). (monash.edu)
Pathways10
For instance, mtDNA and bacterial DNA are highly similar thereby activating similar cell autonomous immune signalling pathways. (nature.com)
In addition, mitochondria harbour many damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can initiate a variety of inflammatory signalling pathways [ 3 ]. (nature.com)
Immediate activation of chemosensory neuron gene expression by bacterial metabolites is selectively induced by distinct cyclic GMP-dependent pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans. (harvard.edu)
Early- and late-phase LTP also involve different signaling pathways. (jneurosci.org)
RNA-Seq analysis revealed that more severe disease in line W was associated with significant up-regulation of pathways involved in inflammation, cytoskeletal regulation by Rho GTPases, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling, and Wnt signaling in the bursa compared to line 15I. (imperial.ac.uk)
The understanding of how c-di-GMP signaling controls aspects of antibiotic resistant biofilm development has suggested approaches whereby alteration of the cellular concentrations of the nucleotide or disruption of these signaling pathways may lead to reduced biofilm formation or increased susceptibility of the biofilms to antibiotics. (dundee.ac.uk)
Signal-transduction pathways follow a broadly similar course that can be viewed as a molecular circuit. (axonmedchem.com)
1] Signal-Transduction Pathways: An Introduction to Information Metabolism. (axonmedchem.com)
He has over 12 years of experience in the field of innate immunity with specific expertise in Toll-like receptor (TLR), inflammasome and cGAS-STING signalling pathways. (monash.edu)
Odontoblastic differentiation of DMSCs is pivotal in dentinogenesis, a delicate and dynamic process regulated at the molecular level by signaling pathways, transcription factors, and posttranscriptional and epigenetic regulation. (bvsalud.org)
CGAMP5
2',3'-cGAMP sodium (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP sodium) is a endogenous cGAMP in mammalian cells. (medchemexpress.com)
2',3'-cGAMP sodium (2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP sodium) contains two distinct phosphodiester linkages, one between 2′-OH of GMP and 5′-phosphate of AMP, and the other between 3′-OH of AMP and 5′-phosphate of GMP [1] . (medchemexpress.com)
Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is the only cyclic dinucleotide known to exist in humans up to now. (tum.de)
With support from CRI, Dr. Hobbs will identify novel genes that regulate the stability of cGAMP and define the mechanisms governing degradation of this potent immune signaling molecule. (cancerresearch.org)
Upon binding of dsDNA, cGAS produces a cyclic di-nucleotide molecule, cGAMP. (monash.edu)
Molecule7
The granulosa cells produce a small molecule, cyclic GMP , that diffuses into the oocyte through the gap junctions. (wikipedia.org)
c-di-GMP is a signaling molecule found in almost all bacteria that acts to regulate an extensive range of processes including antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and virulence. (dundee.ac.uk)
On episode #353 of the science show This Week in Virology, the TWiVniacs discuss twenty-eight years of poliovirus shedding by an immunodeficient patient, and packaging of the innate cytoplasmic signaling molecule cyclic GMP-AMP in virus particles. (virology.ws)
Thus, a low concentration of signal in the environment, even as little as a single molecule, can yield a large intracellular signal and response. (axonmedchem.com)
Cyclic nucleotides form when the phosphate group of the molecule of nucleotide triphosphate (ATP or GTP) is attacked by the 3' hydroxyl group of the ribose, forming a cyclic 3',5'-phosphate ester with release of pyrophosphate. (pancreapedia.org)
The second signaling mechanism involves the binding of a small signaling molecule to a soluble cyclase. (pancreapedia.org)
In the cytosol, the signal molecule binds to the heme-binding domain of the soluble cyclase. (pancreapedia.org)
Protein5
Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
We describe a simple high-throughput bioreporter protocol, based on green fluorescent protein (GFP), whose expression is under the control of the c-di-GMP responsive promoter cdrA, to rapidly screen for small molecules with the potential to modulate c-di-GMP cellular levels in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). (dundee.ac.uk)
In this work, we have revealed that early viral protein UBCv1, the only known conjugating enzyme encoded by a virus, modulates innate immune and inflammatory signaling. (mdpi.com)
These molecular circuits detect, amplify, and integrate diverse external signals to generate responses such as changes in enzyme activity, gene expression, phenotypic alterations, or ion-channel activity. (axonmedchem.com)
To ensure that the erection doesn't last too long, however (believe it or not, that can be quite uncomfortable and even dangerous), the smooth muscle cells of the penis also contain phosphodiesterase (PDE), an enzyme that breaks down cyclic GMP. (life-enhancement.com)
A cyclase enzyme (lyase) catalyzes the formation of the cyclic nucleotide from its nucleotide triphosphate precursor ( Figure 1 ). (pancreapedia.org)
Nucleotide4
Cyclic nucleotide signalling is a major regulator of malaria parasite differentiation. (crick.ac.uk)
A cyclic nucleotide, unlike other nucleotides, has a cyclic bond arrangement between the ribose sugar and the phosphate group. (pancreapedia.org)
Cyclic nucleotide signaling can be initiated by two general mechanisms. (pancreapedia.org)
We discovered that exogenous nitric oxide can act as a signal for the dispersal of bacterial biofilms. (southampton.ac.uk)
Recently, the simple gas and ubiquitous biological signal nitric oxide (NO) was identified as a key regulator of biofilm dispersal. (omicsonline.org)
The signal source can be either extracellular, such as nitric oxide (NO) (114), or intracellular, such as bicarbonate (189). (pancreapedia.org)
Transduction3
Signal-transduction cascades mediate the sensing and processing of these stimuli. (axonmedchem.com)
Interestingly, signal transduction may be amplified significantly in the generation of second messengers, since initial stimulation may lead to the generation of many second messengers within the cell. (axonmedchem.com)
Trafficking of STING to the Golgi leads to clustering of STING, providing a platform for the initiation of signal transduction. (monash.edu)
And these molecules can be released from both nerve terminal (anterograde signal), and from muscle fiber (retrograde signal). (intechopen.com)
Inflammation normally occurs when the immune system sends signaling molecules and white blood cells to a site of injury or disease to fight microbial invaders and help with tissue repair. (medlineplus.gov)
Such heterogeneity could originate from extrinsic factors, such as cell-to-cell signalling and surrounding temperature and pressure, but also from the intrinsic noise generated by having few copies of molecules involved in transcription and translation. (lu.se)
STING5
Cyclic GMP-AMP containing mixed phosphodiester linkages is an endogenous high-affinity ligand for STING. (medchemexpress.com)
In contrast, activation of IRF3 and ISRE signaling upon stimulation with TRIFΔRIP, cGAS/STING or RIG-I-CARD remained unaltered. (mdpi.com)
Our findings shed new light on the molecular mechanisms of cGAS-STING signalling and have important implications for the effective therapeutic targeting of STING-related diseases. (monash.edu)
Post-Golgi, STING is located in endosome and later lysosomal vesicles, which appears important for termination of signalling. (monash.edu)
STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP. (medlineplus.gov)
Phosphodiesterase1
In the oocyte, cyclic GMP prevents the breakdown of cyclic AMP by the phosphodiesterase PDE3, and thus maintains meiotic arrest. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins3
A group of enzymes that are dependent on cyclic GMP and catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues of proteins. (harvard.edu)
However, as the oocyte grows, these proteins are synthesized, and meiotic arrest becomes dependent on cyclic AMP . (wikipedia.org)
This cyclic conformation allows cyclic nucleotides to bind to proteins to which other nucleotides cannot. (pancreapedia.org)
Metabolism1
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is important in bone metabolism, but its role in osteoblasts during OTM is unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Cyclic nucleotides are of essential importance to the cell as secondary neurotransmitters. (tum.de)
Cyclic nucleotides, like other nucleotides, are composed of three functional groups: a ribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a single phosphate group. (pancreapedia.org)
There are two main groups of cyclic nucleotides: the canonical or well-established and the non-canonical or unknown-function cyclic nucleotides. (pancreapedia.org)
The two well-established cyclic nucleotides are adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP). (pancreapedia.org)
The non-canonical cyclic nucleotides include the purines inosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic IMP), xanthosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic XMP) and the pyrimidines cytidine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic cCMP), uridine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic UMP), and thymidine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cTMP) (145). (pancreapedia.org)
An overview of the non-canonical cyclic nucleotides is provided in Section V. (pancreapedia.org)
Enzymes1
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP to yield guanosine-5'-phosphate. (umassmed.edu)
Accumulation1
Constitutive cyclic GMP accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana compromises systemic acquired resistance induced by an avirulent pathogen by modulating local signals. (mpg.de)
Receptors4
In its absence, several light-oxygen-voltage receptors invariably retained productive, if often attenuated, signaling responses. (nature.com)
Signaling without glutamine appears intrinsic to light-oxygen-voltage receptors, which pertains to biotechnological applications and suggests evolutionary descendance from redox-active flavoproteins. (nature.com)
Luteinizing hormone acts on receptors in the outer layers of granulosa cells of the follicle, causing a decrease in cyclic GMP in the granulosa cells. (wikipedia.org)
Upon an environmental signal, Membrane receptors transfer information from the environment to the cell's interior. (axonmedchem.com)
Receptor1
Ho YJ, Burden LM, Hurley JH: "Structure of the GAF domain, a ubiquitous signaling motif and a new class of cyclic GMP receptor. (wheaton.edu)
Adenyl2
Once inside, it activated adenyl cyclase, causing the concentration of cyclic-AMP to increase. (kenyon.edu)
Examples of second messenger systems are the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system, the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate-inositol triphosphate system, and the cyclic GMP system. (bvsalud.org)
Cells3
[5] Because the granulosa cells and oocyte are connected by gap junctions, cyclic GMP also decreases in the oocyte, causing meiosis to resume. (wikipedia.org)
In the smooth muscle cells of the penis, NO stimulates the production of a compound called cyclic GMP, which causes these cells to relax. (life-enhancement.com)
The neural signals initially processed by the retina travel via the axons of the ganglion cells through the optic nerves, dividing and partially crossing over into the optic chiasm and then travelling via the optic tracts to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). (medscape.com)
Biofilm2
Following on the discovery of NO as a key signal regulating biofilm dispersal, he led a range of projects to develop innovative, non-toxic solutions to biofilm control in industrial and clinical settings. (omicsonline.org)
In 2012, he received an ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award to explore inter-kingdom signaling at a biofilm-plant host interface. (omicsonline.org)
Extracellular2
A basic property of living systems is the ability to respond to extracellular signals by evoking an internal response. (axonmedchem.com)
The signaling by an extracellular ligand is limited by its ability to cross the plasma membrane. (pancreapedia.org)
Responses1
They amplify signals within the cell and route the signals to the right destinations in order for example to trigger immune responses or regulated processes such as cell-fate decisions. (tum.de)
Discovery1
Dr Dominic De Nardo is leader of the Innate Immune Signalling Group in the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology within the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute . (monash.edu)
Transient1
As recently proposed 25 , glutamine reorientation, and signal propagation may be aided by transient rearrangements of two conserved asparagine residues that coordinate the pteridin portion of the flavin. (nature.com)
Poorly2
Before starting the consideration of the facts relating to the yet poorly studied non-cholinergic signaling, it should be recalled main points of the structure and functioning of the NMJ. (intechopen.com)
The significance of loss of GCC ligands early in intestinal tumorigenesis remains obscure because (patho)physiological roles of GCC signaling in intestine, beyond regulation of intestinal fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, are poorly defined. (jefferson.edu)
Intracellular signal1
Systems in which an intracellular signal is generated in response to an intercellular primary messenger such as a hormone or neurotransmitter. (bvsalud.org)
Binding1
Guided by structural information, we identified a unique point mutation (S162A) placed within the cyclic-dinucleotide-binding site of hSTING that rendered it sensitive to the otherwise mouse-specific drug DMXAA, a conclusion validated by binding studies. (rcsb.org)
Researchers1
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) researchers have discovered that innate immune signaling drives late cardiac toxicity after DNA-damaging cancer therapies. (mskcc.org)