Signal transduction using nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Medical search. Frequent questions

One important second messenger in transducing the regulable nature of motile cilia is cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP). (cdc.gov)
Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated regulation of cGMP in ciliated cells is presented in the context of alcohol-induced cilia function and dysfunction. (cdc.gov)
Examples of second messengers are cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), calcium ions, nitric oxide, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and phospholipids. (bscb.org)
Guanylate cyclase (GC) catalyzes the biosynthesis of cyclic guanosine 3',5'- monophosphate (cGMP) from GTP. (nih.gov)
The mutated form synthesizes cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate instead of cGMP, allowing the detection of enzymatic activity by a reporter gene approach. (nih.gov)
The phosphodiesterase (PDE) isozymes, found in several tissues including the rod and cone photoreceptor cells of the retina, belong to a large family of cyclic nucleotide PDEs that catalyze cAMP and cGMP hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
Increasing evidence has suggested the possibility that the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors modulates spinal nociceptive transmission via a nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. (silverchair.com)
2,3 NO increases cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP) through the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). (silverchair.com)
Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinases (PKG) are kinases regulating diverse physiological functions including vascular smooth muscle relaxation, neuronal synaptic plasticity, and platelet activities. (elsevierpure.com)
8-Nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) is an endogenous cGMP derivative formed as a result of excess production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. (elsevierpure.com)
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a critical second messenger that regulates cardiovascular function and vision in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
The cyclic mononucleotides cAMP and cGMP are potent signaling molecules that exert profound effects on cellular homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
In the rod and cone cells of the retina, cGMP plays a central role in the visual signal transduction cascade by opening ligand-gated ion channels in sensory neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
cGMP is also produced in response to hormones, such as nitric oxide and atrial natriuretic peptide, which leads to the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and is thus important for regulation of blood pressure [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent studies showed that extracellular ATP induced nitric oxide (NO) production in IHCs, OHCs, and SGNs, which affects the ATP-induced Ca2+ response via the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway in those cells by a feedback mechanism. (sagepub.com)
Phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9), a specifically hydrolytic enzyme with the highest affinity for cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) among the phosphodiesterase family, controls cGMP in cardiac myocytes and is strongly upregulated in human heart failure, suggesting its potential as a promising therapeutic target in heart failure. (protheragen.com)
The family of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are regulatory hydrolase enzymes that play a crucial role in modulating cyclic nucleotides, including cGMP and cAMP, which are involved in a wide range of physiological processes. (protheragen.com)
More than 20 splice variants of PDE9A have been identified, exhibiting distinct subcellular distributions, which allow for modulation of cGMP degradation in microdomains and fine control of specific signal transduction pathways. (protheragen.com)
The cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP participate in the main pathways regulating cardiac and vascular functions and they act as second messengers for sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, nitric oxide (NO) and natriuretic peptides (NPs). (protheragen.com)
EC 4.6.1.2) catalyze the biosynthesis of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) from GTP. (biomedcentral.com)
Failure to block the NO-mediated amplification of K ATP currents with specific inhibitors of sGC and PKG indicated that the classical sGC/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway was not involved in the activation by SNAP. (biomedcentral.com)

1 Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent enzyme that is stimulated by the activation of NMDA receptors and synthesizes nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. (silverchair.com)
Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (K i = 4.4 μM). (abcam.com)
There are three isoforms of the NO synthesizing enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS): neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), each one involved with specific events in the brain. (frontiersin.org)
Diagram showing the synthetic pathway responsible for nitric oxide (NO) production from arginine and O 2 and catalyzed by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). (frontiersin.org)
Dystrophin also serves a signaling role through mechanotransduction of forces and localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which produces nitric oxide (NO) to facilitate vasorelaxation. (biomedcentral.com)
Dystrophin also serves signaling roles, including mechanotransduction of forces and localization of signaling proteins, such as neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which synthesizes nitric oxide (NO) to facilitate vasorelaxation[ 5 - 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) senses foreign DNA to produce 2'3′-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3′-cGAMP). (knoblauchpublishing.com)

The most important receptor for nitic oxide is the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a heme containing heterodimer. (biomedcentral.com)

Aspirin, for example, acts by blocking a specific lipid signalling pathway. (bscb.org)
Results are consistent with the proposed mechanism, and strongly support the Ca/CaM/NO pathway as a primary EMF transduction pathway. (oska.store)
These receptors trigger inflammation through the NFkB-dependent and interferon regulatory factor-dependent signaling pathway. (medscape.com)

Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
Configured EMF signals modulated CaM-dependent enzyme kinetics, produced several-fold increases in key second messengers to include nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in chondrocyte and endothelial cultures and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in neuronal cultures. (oska.store)
Vasoconstriction primarily results from endothelial dysfunctioning due to imbalanced bioavailability of dilators especially- Nitric Oxide (NO) and Prostacyclin Analogs (PGI2) vs elevation in constrictors such as- thromboxane, Angiotensin II (Ang II), Endothelin-1 (ET-1) [5]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile messenger molecule first associated with endothelial relaxing effects. (frontiersin.org)

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 is an enzyme (EC 3.1.4.17) from the phosphodiesterase class. (wikipedia.org)

Pain modulation by nitric oxide in the spinal cord. (frontiersin.org)
Role of nitric oxide on purinergic signalling in the cochlea Harada, Narinobu 2010-06-08 00:00:00 In the inner ear, there is considerable evidence that extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) plays an important role in auditory neurotransmission as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator, although the potential role of adenosine signalling in the modulation of auditory neurotransmission has also been reported. (sagepub.com)
Nitrate represses production of an important biofilm component, curli, and activates flagella via the modulation of intracellular cyclic-di-GMP levels. (knoblauchpublishing.com)

Problems in cell signalling pathways are associated, by cause or consequence, with such major disorders as diabetes, heart attack and stroke, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension and allergic reactions. (bscb.org)
Many medicines are targeted at inhibiting specific sites in cell signalling pathways. (bscb.org)
Temporally blocking selected signalling pathways can however be of therapeutic use. (bscb.org)
The mechanism of action of E4021 on both the nonactivated and activated forms of rod PDE6 because both states are relevant to understanding how PDE5-selective inhibitors may alter signal transduction pathways in photoreceptor cells. (wikipedia.org)
This study proposes that an EMF can act as a first messenger in the calmodulin-dependent signaling pathways that orchestrate the release of cytokines and growth factors in normal cellular responses to physical and/or chemical insults. (oska.store)
Activated TPKR could activate its downstream signaling elements, like Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/eIF4E, PI3K/Akt/eNOS and PLC-gamma/PKC pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
The elucidation and description of the molecular and structural features of gasotransmitters, their production pathways, signaling mechanisms, cellular and molecular targets, and functional impact in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the focus of this book. (rsc.org)

The most important physiological activator of sGC is nitric oxide, which activates the enzyme upon binding to the heme moiety. (nih.gov)

In intracellular signalling a signal arriving at the cell surface is received by a receptor molecularly tuned to receive it. (bscb.org)
Using 'information' as signals and 'information webs' as signaling networks, all systems, as large as the world and as small as an intracellular organelle, function in the same fashion, from the distant past to the immediate present, and this will not change in the indefinite future. (rsc.org)
Despite an improved understanding of how c-di-GMP signaling regulates S. Typhimurium biofilms, the processes that affect the intracellular c-di-GMP levels and the formation of multicellular communities in vivo during infections remain unknown. (knoblauchpublishing.com)

Considerably higher resistance against cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases compared to dibutyryl or 8-Br-cAMP, no metabolic side effects. (biolog.de)

Knowledge of the kinetics of Ca2+ binding to CaM, or for any ion binding specific to any signaling cascade, allows the use of an electrochemical model by which the ability of any EMF signal to modulate CaM-dependent signaling can be assessed a priori or a posteriori. (oska.store)

The inhibition of PDE5 in these tissues by sildenafil may be the basis for the enhanced platelet antiaggregatory activity of nitric oxide observed in vitro, an inhibition of platelet thrombus formation in vivo and peripheral arterial-venous dilatation in vivo. (wikipedia.org)

Given knowledge of Ca2+ binding kinetics to calmodulin (CaM), an EMF signal having pulse duration or carrier period shorter than bound Ca2+ lifetime may be configured to accelerate binding, and be detectable above thermal noise. (oska.store)
New EMF signals were configured to modulate calmodulin-dependent signaling and assessed for efficacy in cellular studies. (oska.store)

Through the process of cell signalling, stimuli received are turned into responses that bring about cell differentiation and division, the regulation of specific or specialist functions, and 'live or die' commands that balance tissue growth. (bscb.org)
These divergent findings reflect the site-specific complexity of NO-dependent signaling in the regulation of pain generating processes. (biomedcentral.com)
IMPORTANCE Recent studies provided important insight into our understanding of the role of c-di-GMP signaling and the regulation of enteric biofilms. (knoblauchpublishing.com)

Effect of progesterone on nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling and contraction in gastric smooth muscle cells. (abcam.com)

Certain PKG inhibitors, such as Rp-diastereomers of derivatives of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-cGMPS), have been designed and used to study PKG-regulated cell signaling. (elsevierpure.com)
In this study, we synthesized a nitrated analogue of Rp-cGMPS, 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate Rp-isomer (Rp-8-nitro-cGMPS), and investigated its effects on PKG1α activity. (elsevierpure.com)
We synthesized Rp-8-nitro-cGMPS by reacting Rp-8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-8-bromo-cGMPS) with sodium nitrite. (elsevierpure.com)

Low power laser irradiation (LPLI) promotes proliferation of multiple cells, which (especially red and near infrared light) is mainly through the activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the initiation of cellular signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
Mitochondria are the center of many diverse cellular functions integrating signals between the organelle and the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
I proposed the establishment of the 'gasotransmitter' concept and framework firstly in 2002 to characterize and clarify a class of endogenous gas molecules, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), that function as signaling molecules to direct various molecular and cellular events. (rsc.org)

Activator of protein kinase A (cyclic AMP agonist). (biolog.de)

Mammalian guanylyl cyclases (right-hand side) are receptor enzymes directly activated by hormones, such as nitric oxide (NO), or other factors that bind to its regulatory domains (for simplicity, the regulatory domains are not shown). (biomedcentral.com)

Recently, the signaling proteins involved in LPLI-induced proliferation merit special attention, some of which are regulated by mitochondrial signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, a large number of signaling proteins reported play an important key role in the process of LPLI-induced cell proliferation, probably due to the fact that the molecular events they are involved in are the basic response of the cells to extracellular stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)

Cyclic GMP and cilia motility. (cdc.gov)

The transduction mechanism for non-thermal electromagnetic field (EMF) bioeffects has not been fully elucidated. (oska.store)
Estrogen relaxes gastric muscle cells via a nitric oxide- and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent mechanism: A sex-associated differential effect. (abcam.com)

Nitric oxide synthesis. (frontiersin.org)

Cell signalling is a core biological process. (bscb.org)

In the present article, I review the role of NO on the ATP-induced Ca2+ signalling in IHCs and OHCs. (sagepub.com)
I also consider the possible role of NO in the ATP-induced Ca2+ signalling in SGNs and supporting cells. (sagepub.com)
The role of signals and signal networks in our modern society has become more important than ever. (rsc.org)
Here, we review the status of 2'3′-cGAMP research and outline the role of 2'3′-cGAMP in immune signaling, adjuvant applications, and cancer immunotherapy, as well as various 2'3′-cGAMP detection methods. (knoblauchpublishing.com)

Remember that when you are asleep your cells are still signalling! (bscb.org)

if membrane insoluble, a second messenger signalling chemical is produced. (bscb.org)

In DMD, the signaling defects produce inadequate tissue perfusion caused by functional ischemia due to a diminished ability to respond to shear stress induced endothelium-dependent dilation. (biomedcentral.com)

1 H-[ 13 C] MRS, i.e., indirect detection of signals from 13 C-coupled 1 H, together with infusion of 13 C-enriched glucose has provided insights into the coupling between neurotransmission and glucose oxidation. (frontiersin.org)

Cell signalling is ubiquitous. (bscb.org)
Cell signalling is the core to this. (bscb.org)
This relays the signal into the interior of the cell. (bscb.org)
There are several forms of cell signalling from direct cell to cell contact, to endocrine signalling where the products from one cell are distributed widely via the bloodstream. (bscb.org)
Cell signalling is currently one of the most widely studied areas of biology. (bscb.org)
Cell signalling is fundamental to life. (bscb.org)

In the 21st century, our societies are bombarded by a large amount of signals and we have become accustomed to the velocity, versatility, and complexity of state-of-the-art signaling networks thanks to the internet, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and WeChat. (rsc.org)

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most intriguing molecules to be found in the brain. (frontiersin.org)
Alterations in brain cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels after acute and chronic treatment with ethanol. (aspetjournals.org)

Anatomy25

Organisms14

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs148

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

CGMP21

Synthase7

Guanylate Cyclase1

Pathway3

Endothelial4

Phosphodiesterase1

Modulation3

Pathways7

Enzyme1

Intracellular3

Nucleotide1

Cascade1

Inhibition of platelet1

Calmodulin2

Regulation3

Contraction1

Monophosphorothioate3

Cellular3

Protein1

Receptor1

Proteins2

Motility1

Mechanism2

Synthesis1

Biological1

Role4

Cells1

Second messenger1

Tissue1

Detection1

Cell6

Complexity1

Brain2