• The Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes laboratory and clinical studies, reviews, and brief communications on biological receptors and associated signal transduction pathways for ligands involved in the regulation of central and peripheral tissues and cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Growth factors (also known as trophic factors) bind to cell-surface receptors to initiate signaling pathways that result in the growth and differentiation of numerous different cell types. (tocris.com)
  • Although growth factors act on different cell types, the signal pathways they initiate often overlap: for example, both EGF and FGF ensure cell survival by activating PI 3-K and MAPK cascades. (tocris.com)
  • Key signaling pathways are highlighted, and the regulation of ES cell self-renewal and somatic cell reprogramming is discussed. (tocris.com)
  • This review outlines some of the signalling pathways believed to be important in converting IGF-IR activation into changes in cell behavior and metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • Involvement of SH2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase Syp in erythropoietin receptor signal transduction pathways. (drugbank.com)
  • The discovery of phosphotyrosine phosphatases that contain SH2 domains suggests roles for these molecules in growth factor signaling pathways. (drugbank.com)
  • The endogenous signaling molecules and pathways that regulate monocyte polarization in vivo are poorly understood. (ufv.es)
  • We now define the signaling pathways involved. (ufv.es)
  • Objective: To determine the molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways by which β2M and TGFβ regulate monocyte responses both in vitro and in vivo. (ufv.es)
  • Diverse signal recognition receptors and signal transduction pathways were defined which regulate cellular functions, metabolism and development. (mdpi.com)
  • Furthermore, these pathways are essential for cellular dynamics and build a highly regulated cellular signalling network. (mdpi.com)
  • However, dysregulations of these signalling pathways are also causes for pathophysiological processes and diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • Therefore, the understanding of the diverse signalling molecules, signal recognition mechanisms and signal transduction pathways is fundamental for the insight into physiological and pathophysiological processes. (mdpi.com)
  • This research aimed to identify key genes/signal transduction pathways that associate prenatal exposure to these toxic metals with changes in infectious disease susceptibility using a Comparative Genomic Enrichment Method (CGEM). (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, we discuss reports on the interactions of OXT and AVP receptor genes and genes involved in other pathways (such as those of dopamine, serotonin, and reelin), as well as research that has shed some light on the impact of gene polymorphisms on the volume, connectivity, and activation of specific neural structures, differential receptor expression, and plasma levels of the OXT and AVP peptides. (frontiersin.org)
  • There are four main subtypes of G proteins, each inducing specific signalling pathways. (psi.ch)
  • Adaptations of receptor-coupled signal transduction pathways underlying stress and drug-induced neuronal plasticity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Fig. 1: Photochemistry of light-oxygen-voltage receptors and sequences of proteins under study. (nature.com)
  • The growth/survival signal is initially carried by these receptor ligands - proteins such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - which bind cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). (tocris.com)
  • Additionally, transforming growth factor β signals through receptor serine/threonine kinases (RSTKs) and activates downstream SMAD proteins to regulate the expression of specific genes. (tocris.com)
  • Deregulation of growth factor receptor activity is found in nearly all epithelial tumors, and the expression of mutant forms of growth factor proteins may also lead to cancer . (tocris.com)
  • The insulin-receptor substrate (IRS), SHC, GRB2, CRKII and CRKL adaptor proteins have all been implicated in transmitting signals to the nucleus of the cell. (nih.gov)
  • The phosphorylation of proteins at tyrosine residues is critical in the growth signaling induced by Epo. (drugbank.com)
  • Maintaining the second edition's focus on cell membrane receptors and the immediate signal transduction events at the membrane, this edition includes updated chapters on receptor structure and signal transduction by G-proteins and tyrosine kinases as well as enhancements to the quantitative treatment of drug-receptor interactions. (routledge.com)
  • Intrinsic brain RAS is an enzyme-neuropeptide system having functional components (angiotensinogen, peptidases, angiotensin, and specific receptor proteins) with important biological and neurobiological activities in the brain. (hindawi.com)
  • GPCRs are activated by extracellular stimuli such as light, hormone, and small ligand, resulting in conformational changes and interaction with a number of signalling and regulatory proteins including G proteins, kinases and arrestins. (psi.ch)
  • Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38 proteins (p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta) and ERK5, that are activated by specific MAPKKs: MEK1/2 for ERK1/2, MKK3/6 for the p38, MKK4/7 (JNKK1/2) for the JNKs, and MEK5 for ERK5. (wikipathways.org)
  • This subclass comprises research and experimental development in intracellular signaling, signal transduction, receptor and membrane biology. (ubc.ca)
  • We investigated the mechanism of signal transduction using inactivating (R476H) and activating (D576G) mutants of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) of eel at the conserved regions of intracellular loops II and III, respectively, naturally occurring in mammalian LHR. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cellular signalling is the base for the extra- and intracellular communication. (mdpi.com)
  • His current major research interests are N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the stubstantia nigra in relation to cell death in Parkinson's disease and also ion transport and signaling in mast cells in relation to intracellular pH and volume regulation. (routledge.com)
  • Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway. (mcw.edu)
  • An intracellular signaling adaptor protein that plays a role in TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR and INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTORS signal transduction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Syntaxin-binding protein 1 is essential for the merge and activation of intracellular signaling. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, many of these channels are receptors for ligands that elicit distinct psychophysical sensations, such as the heat associated with capsaicin and the cold felt with menthol. (nih.gov)
  • Here we discuss the history of the study of adenosine receptor ligands for asthma and how enhanced understanding of adenosine receptor biology may aid in the rational exploitation of these receptors as therapeutic targets. (jci.org)
  • GPCRs recognize a large variety of endogenous extracellular signaling molecules transmitting their corresponding signals inside the cell, and this process can be modulated by synthetic ligands or drug molecules. (nature.com)
  • No direct ligands have been identified so far for Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) which seems to act as a coreceptor for TLR2. (invivogen.com)
  • Furthermore, these immune molecules share a common receptor, but induce SMAD-dependent canonical signaling (TGFβ) versus non-canonical SMAD-independent signaling (β2M) in a ubiquitin ligase dependent manner. (ufv.es)
  • Since the first reports on chemokine function, much information has been generated on the implications of these molecules in numerous physiological and pathological processes, as well as on the signaling events activated through their binding to receptors. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we performed smFRET experiments on functionally active human A 2A adenosine receptor (A 2A AR) molecules embedded in freely diffusing lipid nanodiscs to study their intramolecular conformational dynamics. (nature.com)
  • These three phenomena indicate that receptors are highly dynamic molecules and sample several active and inactive states stochastically (for review, see refs. (nature.com)
  • Cytokines are a group of signalling molecules made by cells . (wikipedia.org)
  • This may include the regulation of several genes , the production of other cytokines, or an increase in surface receptors for other molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) mediates the biological actions of IGF-I and IGF-II. (nih.gov)
  • Insulin signaling–mathematical modeling comes of age. (crossref.org)
  • Saw palmetto extract suppresses insulin-like growth factor-I signaling and induces stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation in human prostate epithelial cells. (nutrimedical.com)
  • Multilocus sequence typing and genotypic analysis of PorA variable regions (VRs) ( porA VR1 and VR2), ferric enterochelin receptor VR ( fetA ), neisserial heparin-binding antigen ( nhba ), neisserial adhesin A ( nadA ), and factor H binding protein ( fhbp ) encoding regions were performed by using described protocols ( 11 , 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • CD3, also known as T3, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays a role in antigen recognition, signal transduction, and T cell activation. (biolegend.com)
  • This chapter focuses on TRPM8, describing what was known about cold signaling before the channel was cloned, how TRPM8 was identified as a cold sensor, and what advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular logic for cold sensation since its identification. (nih.gov)
  • To do so, we use X-ray crystallography, electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) together with biochemical techniques to characterize the molecular mechanism of GPCR signalling complexes. (psi.ch)
  • While performing this sensory transduction process, the inner ear analyzes a sound stimulus in terms of its frequency, intensity, and temporal properties, and it transmits this information to the CNS for further processing and interpretation. (medscape.com)
  • As described previously, studies into cold-sensitive fibers were elusive in defining the biological basis for cold signaling. (nih.gov)
  • This third edition continues to combine current understanding of classical quantitative pharmacology and drug-receptor interactions with the basics of receptor structure and signal transduction mechanisms, providing an integrated analysis of the mechanisms of drug action at membrane receptors. (routledge.com)
  • Signal transduction Nuclear and membrane receptors. (unibo.it)
  • These results suggest that Syp may be an important signaling component downstream of the EpoR and may regulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. (drugbank.com)
  • Methods A next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel was created for the human TRPV1 gene and in addition, for the leukotriene receptors BLT1 and BLT2 recently described to modulate TRPV1 mediated sensitisation processes rendering the coding genes LTB4R and LTB4R2 important co-players in pharmacogenetic approaches involving TRPV1. (researchgate.net)
  • Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a transcription factor that regulates expression of target genes in a ligand-dependent manner. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • The OSMR and IL31RA genes provide instructions for making parts (subunits) of the interleukin-31 (IL-31) receptor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Prenatal exposure to arsenic and cadmium impacts infectious disease-related genes within the glucocorticoid receptor signal transduction pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • A set of 82 infection and exposure-related genes was identified and found to be enriched for their role in the glucocorticoid receptor signal transduction pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • Given their common identification across numerous human cohorts and their known toxicological role in disease, the identified genes within the glucocorticoid signal transduction pathway may underlie altered infectious disease susceptibility associated with prenatal exposures to the toxic metals iAs and Cd in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, steroid and thyroid hormones directly bind to nuclear receptors, which induce expression of specific genes. (intechopen.com)
  • Gene coexpression analysis refers to the en masse discovery of coexpressed genes from a large variety of transcriptomic experiments. (mdpi.com)
  • Excessive Ca 2 + entry through glutamate receptors activates a large array of potential neurotoxic mechanisms, which include activation of enzymes such as phospholipases, calpains and other proteases, protein kinases, nitric oxide synthetase, endonucleases, as well as reactive oxygen species (for review, see Sattler and Tymianski, 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • It forms a signaling complex with the activated cell surface receptors and members of the IRAK KINASES. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sigalling and trafficking of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptors in intestinal epithelial cells. (lu.se)
  • Growth factors initiate numerous different signaling cascades in order to regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. (tocris.com)
  • Then cascades of signals inside the cell changes cell functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Receptor-mediated endocytosis helps terminate the growth factor signal by internalizing the ligand-receptor complex. (tocris.com)
  • These complexes form platforms that can be modified by receptor expression and ligand levels, indicating that they are dynamic structures. (nih.gov)
  • After ligand binding to the receptor, the resulting complex is internalized and transported to a sorting organelle, where receptor and ligand are disassociated. (joplink.net)
  • therefore, we have analyzed domains and individual amino acids in the cytoplasmic region of the rat GHR required for ligand-mediated receptor internalization, receptor down-regulation, and transcriptional signaling. (ku.dk)
  • These results demonstrate that phenylalanine 346 is essential for GHR internalization and down-regulation but not for transcriptional signaling, suggesting that ligand-mediated endocytosis is not a prerequisite for GH-induced gene transcription. (ku.dk)
  • ATP, released by cells, is rapidly metabolized by extracellular nucleotidases to adenosine, a potent signaling molecule that can activate several cell surface receptors to produce myriad effects on both parenchymal and immune cells throughout the body (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
  • As growing lines of evidence have supported a proinflammatory role for adenosine in the asthmatic lung, interest in adenosine receptor antagonists has risen. (jci.org)
  • While receptor antagonists were unable to inhibit NF-κB activation, blocking of the fusion between EVs and their target cells with heparin mitigated inflammation in mice challenged with EVs. (lu.se)
  • JAK2 is a member of the class I type tyrosine kinase family of enzymes and is involved in signal transduction for erythropoietin , thrombopoietin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptors among other entities. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overactivation of NMDA receptors is believed to induce neuronal death by increasing phospholipid hydrolysis and subsequent degradation. (jneurosci.org)
  • While both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals can be sent depending on the specific adenosine receptor activated, adenosine produces a net proinflammatory effect in the asthmatic airway. (jci.org)
  • Evidence for efficacy of adenosine receptor antagonism may date back to the Victorian era, when physicians noted the beneficial effects of strong black coffee in patients with bronchial asthma. (jci.org)
  • We focus here on the methodology insights of new techniques, such as those based on resonance energy transfer for the analysis of chemokine receptor conformations in living cells. (nih.gov)
  • Adenosine can act at 4 different 7-transmembrane, G-protein-coupled receptors present on the surfaces of both infiltrating leukocytes and resident parenchymal cells. (jci.org)
  • The complex pharmacology of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is defined by their multi-state conformational dynamics. (nature.com)
  • G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the targets of almost half of today's pharmaceuticals. (psi.ch)
  • For the past four decades, University College London has offered a renowned course on receptor pharmacology. (routledge.com)
  • Originating from this course, the perennially bestselling Textbook of Receptor Pharmacology has presented in-depth coverage of this rapidly expanding area of research. (routledge.com)
  • A time-saving resource and comprehensive learning tool, Textbook of Receptor Pharmacology, Third Edition carries on the tradition of providing in-depth, up-to-date coverage of this critical area that is both fundamental to the science of pharmacology and on the cutting edge of new drug development. (routledge.com)
  • He currently leads the General and Advanced Receptor Theory Workshop of the British Pharmacological Society Diploma in Pharmacology and is a course leader on the British Pharmacological Society short course on Translational Pharmacology. (routledge.com)
  • This edition updates and refines earlier versions of what is an excellent, interesting, and very informative text on receptor pharmacology, but what else would one expect with contributions from such giants in the discipline? (routledge.com)
  • TGFβ receptor (TGFβR) inhibition blunted monocyte responses to both β2M and TGFβ in vivo. (ufv.es)
  • Inhibition of ubiquitin ligase activity blocked noncanonical SMAD-independent monocyte signaling and skewed monocytes towards a pro-reparative monocyte response. (ufv.es)
  • These results show that membrane damage by NMDA is preceded by inhibition of phospholipid synthesis and not by phospholipid degradation in the early stages of the excitotoxic process, and that NMDA receptor overactivation decreases phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis by inhibiting choline-ethanolaminophosphotransferase activity. (jneurosci.org)
  • Inhibition of WNT5A signaling and function in malignant melanoma. (lu.se)
  • Therefore, smFRET has been limited to studies of inter-receptor interactions in cellular membranes and receptors in detergent environments. (nature.com)
  • One cryoEM and over 50 high-resolution X-ray crystallographic structures are available for antagonist- or agonist-bound A 2A AR and for its ternary complex with an agonist and an engineered G protein, making this receptor an excellent model system for investigating GPCR structural dynamics. (nature.com)
  • CD3ε is a 20 kD chain of the CD3/T cell receptor (TCR) complex, which is composed of two CD3ε, one CD3γ, one CD3δ, one CD3ζ (CD247), and a T cell receptor (α/β or γ/δ) heterodimer. (biolegend.com)
  • Understanding the mTOR signaling pathway via mathematical modeling. (crossref.org)
  • Likely via a radical-pair mechanism 12 , T 1 reacts within microseconds to the signaling state, characterized by a covalent thioadduct between a highly conserved cysteine residue in the LOV photosensor and the C4a atom of the flavin isoalloxazine ring system. (nature.com)
  • His research interests have included the role of bradykinin receptors in the human nasal airway, the control of microvascular circulation in human skin, and the mechanism of activation of dendritic cells. (routledge.com)
  • We now investigated the effect of NMDA receptor overactivation on synthesis and degradation of major membrane phospholipids in the early stages of the excitotoxic process. (jneurosci.org)
  • Metabolic labeling experiments in whole cells showed that NMDA receptor overactivation does not modify the activity of phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferases but strongly inhibits choline-ethanolamine phosphotransferase activity. (jneurosci.org)
  • Therefore, authors are invited to submit original research and review articles which address the progress and current standing of cellular signalling processes. (mdpi.com)
  • This study explores the impact of EV fusion on cellular responses to inflammatory signaling. (lu.se)
  • The focus of this article is applied physiology of the inner ear, emphasizing the processes involved in transduction and the homeostatic mechanisms necessary for maintaining the inner ear in a functional state. (medscape.com)
  • Signaling triggered by OSM appears to play a role in many body processes, including the development of blood cells, the maturation of cells to become certain cell types, an immune system response called inflammation, and the self-destruction (apoptosis) of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Also unclear is how reduced IL-31 signaling is related to apoptosis or amyloid formation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers speculate that a reduction of signaling triggered by OSM may make cells more likely to undergo apoptosis, which may promote amyloid buildup. (medlineplus.gov)
  • p38 MAPK Signalling in Endothelial Apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • Although metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) modulation has been studied extensively in neurons, it has not been investigated in astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
  • Calcium plays a key role as a second messenger system in astrocytes, both in regulation of many subcellular processes and in long distance intercellular signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • These data suggest that glutamate, acting at several metabotropic receptors expressed by astrocytes, could modulate glial activity evoked by neurotransmitters and thereby influence the ongoing modulation of neurons by astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
  • Astrocytes are an integral part of signal processing in the nervous system. (jneurosci.org)
  • Most GPCRs can couple to more than one G-protein subtype, and therefore it is fundamental to understand GPCR signalling by studying the coupling specificity between G protein and GPCRs. (psi.ch)
  • Each cytokine has a matching cell-surface receptor . (wikipedia.org)
  • The scope of the special issue is to summarize and enlarge the knowledge in signalling processes and networks in diverse cells and tissues. (mdpi.com)
  • Wnt-5a signaling in breast cancer metastasis. (lu.se)
  • In X-linked SCID, loss of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) function leads to the loss of a lymphocyte proliferation signal. (medscape.com)
  • Fcγ receptor activation mediates vascular inflammation and abdominal aortic aneurysm development. (nih.gov)
  • The IL-31 receptor interacts with IL-31, triggering signaling that promotes inflammation and itch (pruritus). (medlineplus.gov)
  • LTD4 signalling via ß-catenin: a possible link between inflammation and cancer. (lu.se)
  • Involvement of eicosanoid signalling in epithelial cell migration. (lu.se)
  • Background Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) are sensitive to heat, capsaicin, pungent chemicals and other noxious stimuli. (researchgate.net)
  • Cette sous-classe comprend la recherche et le développement expérimental en signalisation intracellulaire, transduction des signaux, biologie des récepteurs et des membranes. (ubc.ca)
  • We have shown that platelet derived beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) have opposing effects on monocytes by inducing inflammatory and reparative phenotypes respectively, but each bind and signal through the same receptor. (ufv.es)
  • report findings in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice that suggest the occurrence of anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine in the lung, mediated through A 1 adenosine receptors on macrophages. (jci.org)
  • Our findings reveal that fusion renders non-responsive cells susceptible to inflammatory signaling, as evidenced by increased NF-κB activation and the release of inflammatory mediators. (lu.se)
  • This book is ideal for budding pharmacologists and cell physiologists, both at the undergraduate and postgraduate level, who have an interest in receptor structure and function … would also be of value to students and academics of pharmacy, physiology, medicinal chemistry, and related disciplines. (routledge.com)
  • Expression of the TSH receptor in tanycytes of 10-day-old Sprague Dawley rats was observed by in situ hybridisation. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Primary ependymal cell cultures prepared from 10-day-old rats were found by immunohistochemistry to express vimentin but not GFAP and by PCR to express mRNA for Dio2, Gpr50, Darpp-32 and Tsh receptors that are characteristic of tanycytes. (nottingham.ac.uk)