• These stimulations activate a broad range of signaling cascades, such as canonical and non-canonical NF- κ B pathways, mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) pathways and calcium signaling, which in turn activate downstream transcriptional regulators to drive osteoclastogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although some aspects of the signaling pathways downstream of p75 have been elucidated recently, mechanisms of receptor activation and proximal signaling events are unknown. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Cancer cell biology takes advantage of identifying diverse cellular signaling pathways that are disrupted in cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Signaling pathways are an important means of communication from the exterior of cell to intracellular mediators, as well as intracellular interactions that govern diverse cellular processes. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Unraveling of dysregulated signaling pathways may advance the understanding of tumor pathophysiology and lead to the improvement of targeted tumor therapy. (eurekaselect.com)
  • In this review article, different signaling pathways and how their dysregulation contributes to the development of tumors have been discussed. (eurekaselect.com)
  • however, the molecules and signaling pathways responsible for these processes are largely unknown. (lookformedical.com)
  • [email protected] tion of the important signalling pathways [3]. (sagepub.com)
  • In this context, β-catenin has a well-documented oncogenic potential as a component of the Wnt signaling pathway. (oncotarget.com)
  • IRE1α-XBP1 were essential for expansion of activated mouse and human NK cells and are situated downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (cancerindex.org)
  • DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), a key component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, is involved in DNA double-strand break repair, immunocompetence, genomic integrity, and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. (amegroups.org)
  • The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is the key component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and is required for cellular resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) ( 1 , 2 ). (amegroups.org)
  • RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that the primary effect of PF-429242 was inhibition of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha (LIF R alpha ), also known as LIFR beta (due to its participation in signal transduction) and CD118, is a 190 kDa type I transmembrane protein in the Interleukin-6 receptor family. (rndsystems.com)
  • Gp130 serves as the signal transducing receptor subunit for the IL-6-type cytokines consisting of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), new neurotrophin factor-1 (NNT-1), IL-27, cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), and cardiotrophin like cytokine (CLC) (2 - 5). (rndsystems.com)
  • Interleukin-5 Receptor alpha Subunit" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
  • A low affinity interleukin-5 receptor subunit that combines with the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA SUBUNIT to form a high affinity receptor for INTERLEUKIN-5. (harvard.edu)
  • Several isoforms of the interleukin-5 receptor alpha subunit exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. (harvard.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Interleukin-5 Receptor alpha Subunit" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Interleukin-5 Receptor alpha Subunit" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Interleukin-5 Receptor alpha Subunit" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
  • The interleukin 2 receptor, which is involved in T cell-mediated immune responses, is present in 3 forms with respect to ability to bind interleukin 2. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • Both the intermediate and high affinity forms of the receptor are involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis and transduction of mitogenic signals from interleukin 2. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • Receptor for interleukin-2. (cusabio.com)
  • Increased serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor is associated with a worse response of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma to interferon alpha and sequential VEGF-targeting therapy. (cusabio.com)
  • Data show that interleukin-2 receptor alpha, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, serum STimulation-2 (IL1RL1 gene product), and regenerating islet-derived 3-alpha were significantly associated with non-relapse mortality. (cusabio.com)
  • Human ciliary neurotrophic factor has been shown to interact with the Interleukin 6 receptor . (wikidoc.org)
  • Western immunoblotting was used to analyze the effect of EGCG on the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF-6) proteins in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene represents the beta subunit and is a type I membrane protein. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • How plakoglobin acts as a growth/metastasis inhibitory protein has remained, until recently, unclear. (oncotarget.com)
  • This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
  • Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)
  • Ciliary neurotrophic factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CNTF gene . (wikidoc.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a polypeptide hormone and neurotrophic factor whose actions have mainly been studied in the nervous system where it promotes neurotransmitter synthesis and neurite outgrowth in certain neural populations including astrocytes . (wikidoc.org)
  • Cotranscription from the two loci results in a transcript that contains a complete coding region for the zinc finger protein but lacks a complete coding region for ciliary neurotrophic factor. (wikidoc.org)
  • The death domain (DD) is a homotypic protein interaction module composed of a bundle of six alpha-helices. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • TRAIL, also called Apo2L, is a cytotoxic protein that induces apoptosis of many transformed cell lines but not of normal tissues, even though its death domain-containing receptor, DR4, is expressed on both cell types. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Association of the proto-oncogene product dbl with G protein betagamma subunits. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Its activity is directed by intracellular signals mediated by various types of receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Here, we show the association of Dbl with G protein betagamma subunits (Gbetagamma) in transient co-expression and cell-free systems. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Additionally, PF-429242 caused FOXO1-independent upregulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), ultimately leading to autophagy-independent cell death. (bvsalud.org)
  • An unusual cellular factor potentiates protein-DNA complex assembly between Oct-1 and Vmw65. (mcmaster.ca)
  • We show that ionizing radiation specifically enhances the motility and invasiveness of human GSCs through the stabilization and nuclear accumulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), which in turn transcriptionally activates the Junction-mediating and regulatory protein (JMY). (nature.com)
  • We show that radiation-induced migration/invasion occurs through the stabilization and nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α), which drives the transcription of Junction-mediating and regulatory protein (JMY) 27 that stimulates GSC migration through its actin nucleation-promoting activity. (nature.com)
  • Recent evidence suggests that plakoglobin may suppress tumorigenesis and metastasis by multiple mechanisms, including the suppression of oncogenic signaling, interactions with various proteins involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and the regulation of the expression of genes involved in these processes. (oncotarget.com)
  • Alpha-helical domain present in a variety of proteins with apoptotic functions. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Other DD-containing proteins, such as ankyrin, MyD88 and pelle, are probably not directly involved in cell death signalling. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Activation of Rho proteins through release of bound GDP and subsequent binding of GTP, is catalysed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) in the Dbl family. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Dbl targets Rho family proteins thereby stimulating their GDP/GTP exchange, and thus is believed to be involved in receptor-mediated regulation of the proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • EGFR downstream signaling promotes constitutive activation of TKIs domain due to the mutation in exon 19 and exon 21 (L858R point mutation), which leads to cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, causing lung adenocarcinoma. (lidsen.com)
  • The DD mediates self-association of these receptors, thus giving the signal to downstream events that lead to apoptosis. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The intracellular domain of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75ICD) lacks catalytic activity but contains a motif similar to death domains found in the cytoplasmic regions of members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and their downstream targets. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • group ation of their intracellular downstream signaling mech- II (toxic control, MNU 47 mg/kg, i.v. (sagepub.com)
  • The intermediate affinity form consists of an alpha/beta subunit heterodimer, while the high affinity form consists of an alpha/beta/gamma subunit heterotrimer. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • Both LIFR and gp130 are members of a family of cytokine receptors that includes components of the receptors for the majority of hematopoietic cytokines and for cytokines that affect other systems, including the ciliary neurotrophic factor, growth hormone and prolactin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our studies also show that these NPs have differential requirements for LIF and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and for epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) for their propagation in vitro. (karger.com)
  • A mutation in this gene, which results in aberrant splicing, leads to ciliary neurotrophic factor deficiency, but this phenotype is not causally related to neurologic disease . (wikidoc.org)
  • NT-501 is a product being developed by Neurotech that consists of encapsulated human cells genetically modified to secrete ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). (wikidoc.org)
  • Mature mouse LIF R alpha consists of a 785 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with two cytokine receptor homology domains, one WSxWS motif, and three fibronectin type III repeats, followed by a 25 aa transmembrane segment and a 239 aa cytoplasmic domain (2, 3). (rndsystems.com)
  • The ECD also contains an N terminal immunoglobulin (Ig)-like C2-type domain, followed by the cytokine receptor homology region (CHR) which is made up of two fibronectin type III-like domains and a WSXWS motif, and three additional fibronectin type III-like domains (2). (rndsystems.com)
  • IL-6 Receptor (IL-6R, gp80) is 80 kDa alpha subunit, transmembrane glycoprotein that is 449 aa long. (sbhsciences.com)
  • LIF action appears to be mediated through a high-affinity receptor complex composed of a low-affinity LIF binding chain (LIF receptor) and a high-affinity converter subunit, glycoprotein 130 (IL6ST, gp130). (wikipedia.org)
  • Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor has been shown to interact with glycoprotein 130. (wikipedia.org)
  • also known as IL-6 signal transducer, IL-6 receptor beta, oncostatin-M alpha subunit) is a ubiquitously expressed, 130 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein and member of the type II subfamily, type I cytokine receptor family. (rndsystems.com)
  • Fibronectin is a dimeric glycoprotein composed of disulfide-linked subunits with a molecular weight of 220-250kDa each. (embl.de)
  • High IL2RA expression is associated with CRLF2-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (cusabio.com)
  • Upon binding of IL-6 to the receptor (alpha subunit), gp130 is homodimerized and is subsequently involved in down-stream signal processes binding tyrosine kinases and activating STAT1 and STAT3 transcriptional factors. (sbhsciences.com)
  • Interestingly, the association of IL-6 with the soluble form of IL-6R alpha is capable of eliciting a biological response in cells that express only the membrane gp130. (sbhsciences.com)
  • Binding affinity is increased by the ligand-induced association of LIF R alpha with the signal transducing subunit gp130 (6, 7). (rndsystems.com)
  • The LIF R alpha /gp130 receptor complex also transduces Oncostatin M signals, although LIF R alpha alone does not interact with Oncostatin M (6). (rndsystems.com)
  • gp130 associates with different ligand-specific receptors to form signaling receptor complexes for the other IL-6 family ligands (1). (rndsystems.com)
  • The CNTF receptor is a ternary complex that contains CNTF R alpha and gp130 as well as LIF R alpha (8, 9). (rndsystems.com)
  • Rat gp130 is synthesized as a 918 amino acid (aa) precursor with a 22 aa signal sequence, a 596 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 22 aa transmembrane region, and a 278 aa cytoplasmic tail. (rndsystems.com)
  • An antagonist decoy receptor (designated as TRID for TRAIL receptor without an intracellular domain) that may explain the resistant phenotype of normal tissues was identified. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • TRID is a distinct gene product with an extracellular TRAIL-binding domain and a transmembrane domain but no intracellular signaling domain. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)
  • These potent effects are driven by curcumin's ability to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, induce autophagy, activate apoptosis, disrupt molecular signaling, inhibit invasion and metastasis, and increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutics. (hindawi.com)
  • Oncogenic mutations or abnormal expression of signaling components disrupt the regulatory networks that govern cell function, thus enabling tumor cells to undergo dysregulated mitogenesis, to resist apoptosis, and to promote invasion to neighboring tissues. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Over the years, characterization and functional studies have revealed the complexity of ROS as signaling molecules that regulate various physiological cellular responses or whose levels are altered in various diseases. (degruyter.com)
  • Characterization of murine pregnancy decidua transforming growth factor beta. (mcmaster.ca)
  • [6] Like CNTF it is a neurotrophic factor , and may stimulate nerve cells to survive. (wikidoc.org)
  • LIF R alpha binds the pleiotropic cytokine LIF with low affinity, and the soluble isoform retains LIF-binding activity (5). (rndsystems.com)
  • LIF R alpha is widely expressed, and LIF induces the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of cells in many tissues (10, 11). (rndsystems.com)
  • LIFR also known as CD118 (Cluster of Differentiation 118), is a subunit of a receptor for leukemia inhibitory factor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a polyfunctional cytokine that affects the differentiation, survival, and proliferation of a wide variety of cells in the adult and the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • Osteoclast differentiation is induced by the master osteoclastogenic factor, RANKL, which acts in concert with M-CSF and ITAM-mediated co-stimulatory signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • The domains in the CHR are the structural hallmarks of the hematopoietic cytokine receptor family (2). (rndsystems.com)
  • This gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates MHC class II genes by binding to a promoter element referred to as an X box. (cancerindex.org)
  • Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a bioactive polyphenol of green tea and exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting signaling events and gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altogether our FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) analyses reveal that the neonatal subventricular zone is far more heterogeneous than previously suspected and our studies provide new insights into the signals and mechanisms that regulate their self-renewal and proliferation. (karger.com)
  • Recent studies have uncovered key intrinsic mechanisms by which TNF acts on osteoclast precursors to restrain osteoclastogenesis, including the mechanisms mediated by RBP-J signaling, RBP-J and ITAM (Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) crosstalk, RBP-J mediated regulatory network, NF- κ B p100, IRF8, and Def6. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hence, discovery of these intrinsic inhibitory mechanisms addresses why TNF has a weak osteoclastogenic potential, explains a significant difference between RANKL and TNF signaling, and provides potentially new or complementary therapeutic strategies to selectively treat inflammatory bone resorption, without undesirable effects on normal bone remodeling or immune response in disease settings. (frontiersin.org)
  • Understanding the mechanistic difference between RANKL-mediated physiological and TNF-mediated inflammatory osteoclastogenesis, and especially TNF-induced intrinsic inhibitory mechanisms, will strengthen the development of therapeutic approaches to treat pathological bone destruction in disease settings and prevent negative side effects on bone remodeling and immunity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Multiple mechanisms are implicated in such dysfunction, spanning from inhibition of recruitment to the tumor bed, activation of inhibitory processes, blowing up of activation signals, and deregulation of metabolism ( Figure 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • However, the mechanisms underlying receptor-dependent regulation of Rho family members remain incompletely understood. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • An additional inhibitory mechanism exploited by the tumor microenvironment is represented by the imbalance in immune checkpoint molecules, responsible for NK cell exhausted status. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Both BLM and A5 are hydrophilic molecules that depend on transporters or endocytosis receptors to get inside of cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • OVERVIEW - Biologic therapies that can increase the risk of infectious diseases include antithymocyte globulin, monoclonal antibodies to T and B cells, anticytokine therapies, agents that disrupt T cell costimulation signals, and agents that interfere with T cell inhibitory (checkpoint) signals. (medilib.ir)
  • This type of activation, called "trans-signalling", renders virtually all cells capable of responding to IL-6/sIL-6R alpha complexes, making for a large new spectrum of IL-6 activities, ranging from the control of the immune response to involvement in pathological states. (sbhsciences.com)
  • Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a mediator of the PD-1 receptor, plays an inhibitory role in cancer immune responses. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • Soluble factors released by immune, tumor, and stromal cells, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, adenosine, and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), not only inhibit NK cell functionality, but they additionally determine their conversion toward a non-cytolytic phenotype. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • The receptor is involved in the regulation of immune tolerance by controlling regulatory T cells (TREGs) activity. (cusabio.com)
  • several of these TNF receptors use caspase activation as a signalling mechanism. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Detection of LIF R alpha in D3 Mouse Cell Line by Flow Cytometry. (rndsystems.com)
  • Note: Certain human cell lines or cell types (e.g., neutrophils, monocytes) can first be treated with reagents that block receptors for the Fc regions of immunoglobulin to avoid nonspecific immunofluorescent staining mediated by Fc receptors (for example see Browning et al). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Similar to β-catenin, plakoglobin is capable of participating in cell signaling in addition to its role in cell-cell adhesion. (oncotarget.com)
  • NK cells express a heterogeneous repertoire of chemoattractant receptors that are distinct for each cell subset, and thus differentially regulate the recruitment of each population to the tumor bed. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Deregulation of cell signaling in cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Cell signaling and cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Recent evidence showed that PF-429242, a membrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease (MBTPS1) inhibitor, exhibited anticancer activities against glioblastomas, renal cell carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, PF-429242 is a potential anticancer agent to treat HCC by triggering FOXO1-dependent autophagic cell death and IGFBP1-mediated anti-survival signaling in parallel. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interestingly, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BLMs in different cancer cell lines varies from nM to μM ranges. (lookformedical.com)
  • In recent studies, this linker modified analog of goniothalamin was shown to be cytotoxic against PC-3 (prostate cancer) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cell lines with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.13 μM and 2.6 μM, respectively. (lookformedical.com)
  • Initial clinical studies indicate the levels of sIL-6R, the alpha subunit, in the serum of patients with various diseases as summarized in table1. (sbhsciences.com)
  • The resulting loss of 26 nt from the spliced mRNA causes a frame-shift and an isoform XBP1(S), which is the functionally active transcription factor. (cancerindex.org)
  • The inhibitory effects of EGCG were mainly mediated by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK)-MAPK in human chondrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While many factors are involved in the etiology of cancer, it has been clearly established that diet significantly impacts one's risk for this disease. (mdpi.com)
  • The concept of NK cells as a tool for cancer therapy was formally proved when the infusion of NK cells was first employed in the treatment of leukemia patients, with promising efficacy [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • A review on therapeutic targeting of cancer via death receptors dissects this topic comprehensively and is therefore subtly discussed in this minireview which focuses on ROS cancer therapeutics [ 22 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Homeostatic osteoclastogenesis is effectively induced by RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand). (frontiersin.org)
  • Current treatments for excessive bone resorption utilize RANK receptor blockers or neutralizing antibodies, which are able to inhibit osteoclast formation. (frontiersin.org)
  • chain that inhibits cytokine signaling and exacerbates inflammation. (harvard.edu)
  • IL-8 is a chemoattractant factor involved in synovial inflammation in the joint [ 4 ] and IL-6 reportedly plays a contributory role to the OA pathogenesis by increasing the number of inflammatory cells in synovial tissue, stimulating proliferation of chondrocytes, and inducing amplification of IL-1 effects [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we show that LIF increases the expression of the core transcription factors: Klf4, Fbx15, Nanog, Sox2 and c-Myc. (karger.com)
  • Effect of EGCG on IL-1β-induced expression of 18 selected genes was verified by Real time-PCR and effect on IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production was determined using specific ELISAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These spatiotemporal patterns highlight the need to identify and address underlying clinical risk factors and social determinants of health contributing to these increasing trends. (cdc.gov)
  • It is essential to have sensitive and reproducible methods of either quantifying or isolating these stem cells and progenitors to understand their intrinsic properties and how extrinsic signals regulate their development. (karger.com)
  • it has been shown that CD25 serves as a negative growth regulator of Chronic myeloid leukemia leukemic stem cells. (cusabio.com)
  • BTK mutations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) receiving tirabrutinib. (le.ac.uk)
  • An antagonist decoy receptor and a death domain-containing receptor for TRAIL. (embl-heidelberg.de)