• Neuraminidases cleave the terminal sialic acid residues from carbohydrate chains in glycoproteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viral neuraminidase cleaves terminal sialic acid residues from glycan structures on the surface of the infected cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neuraminidase also cleaves sialic acid residues from viral proteins, preventing aggregation of viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, mammalian sialic acid residues are at terminal positions (non-reducing end) in complex glycans, and so viral neuraminidases - which are exo-glycosidase enzymes - use these terminal residues as their substrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gangliosides, complex glycosphingolipids on the plasma membrane containing one or more sialic acid residues, are key components of microdomains. (jneurosci.org)
  • We examined the possibility that the C2 domain, amino acid residues 2173-2332, of factor VIII (fVIII) contains a binding site for von Willebrand factor (vWf) to clarify previous data showing that some monoclonal and human inhibitor antibodies with epitopes in C2 prevent fVIII-vWf binding. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • 200 residues, found at the N-terminus of GH33 sialidases. (cazy.org)
  • α(2-3,6,8,9) Sialidase Au cleaves all cleaves all non-reducing terminal sialic acid residues from complex carbohydrates and glycoproteins. (ludger.com)
  • This 1699 bp cDNA codes for a 41.6 kDa protein consisting of 372 deduced amino acid residues. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The cell surface sialic acids they cleave are linked α(2,3) or α(2,6) to galactose or N -acetyl galactosamine residues that terminate glycolipid or glycoprotein structures. (cazypedia.org)
  • Sialidases of the GH34 family have been shown to cleave sialic acid residues with retention of anomeric stereochemistry [ 1 ]. (cazypedia.org)
  • The catalytic machinery of this family of viral sialidases includes two key residues: an acid/base glutamate residue and a catalytic tyrosine nucleophile. (cazypedia.org)
  • In sialidosis, the deficiency of lysosomal alpha- N -acetyl neuraminidase prevents the normal degradation of glycoproteins containing sialic acid residues. (medscape.com)
  • Sialidases or neuraminidases function to bind and hydrolyze terminal sialic acid residues from various glycoconjugates as well as playing roles in pathogenesis, bacterial nutrition and cellular interactions. (unl.edu)
  • Also, sialidases can cleave the sialic acid residues that keep the vaginal epithelial cells in place, so this makes easier for cells to detach from one another, causing desquamation of the epithelium. (osmosis.org)
  • sialidase or neuraminidase EC 3.2.1.18. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cause was determined to be a histidine-to-tyrosine (amino acid) substitution at position 274 in its neuraminidase protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • We show that activation of Neu3 sialidase, also known as Neuraminidase-3, causing conversion of GD1a and GT1b to GM1 gangliosideM1 is an essential step in regeneration occurring in PNS (sensory) but not CNS (retinal) axons in adult rat. (jneurosci.org)
  • By contrast, the sialidase activity of the neuraminidase (NA) protein removes SA to liberate newly synthesized viruses from infected cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The function of the neuraminidase is to cleave sialic acid from the cell surface after budding of progeny virus, to assist viral spread to other cells. (cazypedia.org)
  • Patients with ML I were subsequently found to have an isolated deficiency of alpha- N -acetyl neuraminidase (sialidase) in leukocytes and cultured fibroblasts and, thus, have increased amounts of sialyloligosaccharide in the urine. (medscape.com)
  • They have a six-bladed, beta-propeller fold with the non-viral sialidases containing 2-5 Asp-box motifs (most commonly Ser/Thr-X-Asp-[X]-Gly-X-Thr- Trp/Phe). (unl.edu)
  • This CD includes eubacterial, eukaryotic, and viral sialidases. (unl.edu)
  • Sialidosis should not be confused with disorders of free sialic acid storage, which are caused by a defect in the lysosomal transport of free sialic acid due to mutations in the AST (anion and sugar transporter) gene. (medscape.com)
  • In this method, free sialic acids are analyzed by reverse phase HPLC (PALPAK Type R) after labeling with DMB. (takarabio.com)
  • The fluorescence labeling of sialic acid with 1, 2-diamino-4, 5-methyleneoxybenzene (DMB) is a simple and very sensitive analytical method in which free sialic acids are analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC after labeling with DMB. (takarabio.com)
  • Place samples containing free sialic acids (5 pmol-5 nmol) into screw-cap 1.5 ml tubes. (takarabio.com)
  • Blood coagulation factors V and VIII contain a C-terminal, twice repeated, domain of about 150 amino acids, which is called F5/8 type C, FA58C, or C1/C2- like domain. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • In the Dictyostelium discoideum (Slime mold) cell adhesion protein discoidin, a related domain, named discoidin I-like domain, DLD, or DS, has been found which shares a common C-terminal region of about 110 amino acids with the FA58C domain, but whose N-terminal 40 amino acids are much less conserved. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The sialic acid binding function has been demonstrated for the N-terminal CBM40 of Vibrio cholerae sialidase (Moustafa et al. (cazy.org)
  • Acids derived from monosaccharides by the oxidation of the terminal (-CH2OH) group farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a (-COOH) group. (lookformedical.com)
  • Exosialidases are glycoside hydrolases that remove a single terminal sialic acid residue from oligosaccharides. (hal.science)
  • These organisms cleave sialic acids found at the terminal end of host glycoconjugates by hydrolysing the glycosidic linkages with their expressed sialidases, thereby affecting the integrity of the host periodontium and promoting disease progression. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The presence of sialic acid (but not fucose) linked to the galactose will block cleavage. (ludger.com)
  • From the products of partial enzymatic desialylation and treatment with beta-galactosidase and a comparison of the compound's immunoreactivity to anti-Chol-1 antisera with that of other trisialogangliosides of defined molecular structure, we were able to assign a disialosyl residue alpha-Neu5Ac-(2----8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2----3)- to the inner galactose, and we suggest GalNAc as a possible site of linkage of the third sialic acid. (mpg.de)
  • The treatment was not cytotoxic and resulted in membrane desialylation as assessed by measurement of sialic acids released, along with an increased fixation of the galactose-specific lectin peanut agglutinin. (hal.science)
  • These results support the hypothesis that Gc protein carries a dibranched trisaccharide with galactose and sialic acid termini. (aai.org)
  • Sequence identities to human and mouse lysosomal sialidases (30% and 28%, respectively) indicate that the mouse brain sialidase is distinct from the lysosomal enzyme. (elsevierpure.com)
  • They are capable of converting tryptophan to nicotinic acid and are used extensively in genetic and enzyme research. (lookformedical.com)
  • An X-ray crystal structure confirmed the identity and covalency and shows carboxylate residue Glu277 to be appropriately positioned to act as the general acid/base pair for activation of Tyr406 during glycosylation and deglycosylation of the covalent enzyme intermediate complex [ 2 , 3 ]. (cazypedia.org)
  • Ok, now, G. vaginalis produces a cytotoxin called vaginolysin and an enzyme called sialidase, and both of these help it adhere to the vaginal epithelial cells and colonize the vaginal epithelium. (osmosis.org)
  • The NEU1 enzyme helps break down large sugar molecules attached to certain proteins by removing a substance known as sialic acid. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When this enzyme is lacking, sialic acid-containing compounds accumulate inside lysosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Our results extend the basis on which specific trans-sialidase inhibitors may be designed. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • In this thesis we present studies towards the development of inhibitors for the human sialidases, NEU2, NEU3 and NEU4. (ualberta.ca)
  • Treatments of sialyltransferase inhibitors and linkage-specific sialidases and transfection with sialyltransferase expression vector were performed to regulate sialic acids levels. (engreen.com.cn)
  • Both P. gingivalis (SiaPG) and T. forsythia (NanH) sialidase enzymes were purified using HisTag affinity chromatography and a range of putative synthetic and plant-based inhibitors were tested for their ability to inhibit both enzymes using a MUNANA cleavage assay. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Time-dependent NMR spectra yielded data on the rate of substrate hydrolysis in comparison to sialic acid transfer. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • By performing proximity labeling and proteomic analysis, we identified scavenger receptor CD36 as a cell surface protein interacting with Siglec-E. Further experiments performed in HEK293T cells transiently overexpressing Siglec-E and CD36 and peritoneal macrophages demonstrated that depletion of cell surface sialic acids by treatment with sialyltransferase inhibitor or sialidase did not affect interaction between Siglec-E and CD36 but retarded Siglec-E-mediated inhibition on oxidized LDL uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
  • α2,6-linked sialic acid served as a high-affinity receptor for NDV and the ST6Gal I sialyltransferase that synthesizes α2-6 linkage of sialylated N-linked glycans in CHO-K1 cells promoted NDV binding and cytopathic effect. (engreen.com.cn)
  • 3.2.1.18) that are found, along with the sialic acid-binding protein Hemagglutinin, on the surface of influenza viruses that are pathogenic to mammalian or avian species. (cazypedia.org)
  • Glycogen from exfoliated and lysed epithelial cells is catabolized by α-amylase in the vaginal lumen to smaller polymers that are subsequently metabolized to lactic acid by Lactobacillus spp. (frontiersin.org)
  • Lactic acid and cytolysin produced by Lactobacilli stimulate the dissolution of epithelial cells by lysis and enhance the availability of glycogen. (frontiersin.org)
  • By contrast, avian viruses preferentially recognize SAα2,3Gal sialic acids ( 1 , 2 ), in accordance with the predominance of sialyoligosaccharides with SAα2,3Gal linkages on the epithelial cells of duck intestine. (cdc.gov)
  • Cell populations were identified by markers for endothelial cells (CD31), leukocytes (CD45), alveolar macrophages (CD170) and epithelial cells (CD326) with control samples treated with sialidase to remove sialic acid. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • The data showed lung endothelial cells, epithelial cells and leukocytes exhibited a distinct binding patterns and binding was inhibited by sialidase treatment of the cells. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Binding of serum autoantibodies to sialidase-treated tracheal epithelial cells. (hal.science)
  • Cultured epithelial cells isolated from guinea pig trachea were treated with Vibrio cholerae sialidase. (hal.science)
  • the compound's reactivity to cholera toxin after Vibrio cholerae sialidase treatment on thin layer chromatography and the recovery of GM1 as sole product of exhaustive sialidase treatment identified it as a member of the gangliotetrahexosyl series. (mpg.de)
  • Sialic acids are one of the most important constituents of glycoconjugates in microorganisms and a wide range of higher order animals. (takarabio.com)
  • We found that only a capsule-free mutant of S. pneumoniae TIGR4 binds to salivary proteins, most prominently to mucin MUC7, but that this binding was not mediated through PsrP or recognition of sialic acid. (lu.se)
  • Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • This family of proteins contains BNR-like repeats suggesting these proteins may act as sialidases. (unl.edu)
  • Polymeric sialic acid (polysialic acid, polySia) is a remarkable posttranslational modification of only few select proteins. (for2953-sia.de)
  • citation needed] To infect a host cell, the influenza virus attaches to the exterior cell surface using hemagglutinin, a molecule found on the surface of the virus that binds to sialic acid groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polysialic acid (polySia) is a polymeric glycan with variable chain lengths, presented as posttranslational modification on select protein carriers. (for2953-sia.de)
  • In PNS axons, axotomy activates Neu3 sialidase, increasing the ratio of GM1/GD1a and GM1/GT1b gangliosides immediately after injury in vitro and in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • No change in the GM1/GD1a ratio after axotomy was observed in retinal axons ( in vitro and in vivo ), despite the presence of Neu3 sialidase. (jneurosci.org)
  • Externally applied sialidase converted GD1a ganglioside to GM1 and rescued axon regeneration in CNS axons and in PNS axons after Neu3 sialidase blockade. (jneurosci.org)
  • Neu3 sialidase activation in DRGs is initiated by an influx of extracellular calcium, activating P38MAPK and then Neu3 sialidase. (jneurosci.org)
  • Ganglioside conversion by Neu3 sialidase further activates the ERK pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • In CNS axons, P38MAPK and Neu3 sialidase were not activated by axotomy. (jneurosci.org)
  • In this paper, we examine Neu3 sialidase action on axonal gangliosides and resultant axon regeneration, and we assess whether these mechanisms help to explain the different regeneration capacities of CNS and PNS axons. (jneurosci.org)
  • We find that after PNS axotomy, but not CNS, Neu3 sialidase converts GD1a to GM1. (jneurosci.org)
  • Pharmacological blocking of Neu3 sialidase, downregulation of Neu3 with siRNA, or depleting gangliosides all inhibit PNS regeneration. (jneurosci.org)
  • However, in this study, we used functional metagenomic screening to seek microbial sialidases encoded by environmental DNA isolated from an extreme ecological niche, a thermal spring. (hal.science)
  • Palleon's EAGLE platform potentiates antitumor immunity by enzymatically removing immunosuppressive sialic acids from tumor and immune cell surfaces. (palleonpharma.com)
  • As one of Palleon's most advanced bifunctional sialidases, the Bifunctional HER2-Sialidase has shown the potential to treat both HER2-low and HER2-high expressing tumors with modest to high levels of tumor surface sialoglycans, and the candidate is on the verge of entering IND-enabling studies. (palleonpharma.com)
  • We demonstrated that sialic acid was essential for NDV binding and infection of tumor cells. (engreen.com.cn)
  • In spite of the substantiation of the sialic acid receptors of NDV on host cells, knowledge of preference of sialic acid linkage in viral attachment and oncolytic effect is lacking and imperative to be elucidated. (engreen.com.cn)
  • Siglecs are a family of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like receptors predominantly expressed on cells of immune system to regulate their functions through recognizing their glycan ligands [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sialic acid receptors. (engreen.com.cn)
  • These autoantibodies may participate in cellular dysfunctions and modified bronchoreactivity that occur during infection of the respiratory tract by sialidase-producing microorganisms, either through activation of the complement system, or subsequently to their reaction with cells expressing membrane complement and/or Fc receptors. (hal.science)
  • Using recombinant expression of potential exosialidase candidates and a fluorogenic sialidase substrate, we discovered an exosialidase having no homology to known sialidases. (hal.science)
  • The essential role of T cell sialidase in macrophage activation was confirmed by the finding that peritoneal nonadherent cells of SM/J mouse, whose T cells are deficient in sialidase activity, were unable to convert Gc protein to the macrophage activating factor and thus did not activate macrophages. (aai.org)
  • Finally, a range of newly synthesized sialic acid analogues were effective in the micromolar to nanomolar range against both SiaPg and NanH enzymes with compound 2e3aDFNeu5Ac9N3 having an IC50 of (3.846μM and 49.40nM) respectively. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Lactic acid acidifies the vaginal milieu favoring the proliferation of Lactobacilli and inhibiting the growth of infection-associated organisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most characterized prokaryotic sialidases are from organisms that are pathogenic or commensal with mammals. (hal.science)
  • Treatment of WEHI-3 cells with glycosidases or chlorate demonstrated that sialic acid modifications, α1-3-galactosylation, or sulfation did not mask epitopes for mAbs to sLe x or Le x . (ashpublications.org)
  • These glycosidases, beta-galactosidase and sialidase, are membrane bound and not soluble in culture medium. (aai.org)
  • Neuraminadase enables this movement by cleaving sialic acid groups that hemagglutinin was attached to. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viruses bind to the cell surface and enter via interaction of the hemagglutinin with cell surface sialic acids. (cazypedia.org)
  • Here, we sought to define if uncharacterized sialidases would provide distinct paradigms in sialic acid biochemistry. (rcsb.org)
  • x': any amino acid. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Amino acid sequence identities to rat and hamster sialidases (84% and 77%, respectively) suggest that this form of sialidase is conserved in rodents. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Mouse brain sialidase has two amino acid sequence motifs common to bacterial sialidases: the 'F/YRIP' motif and the 'Asp-box' motif. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Sialic acids (Neu5Ac, NANA, NeuNAc, NeuNA) are nine-carbon monosaccharides that bear a carboxylate residue at the C-1 position. (cazypedia.org)
  • Surface plasmon resonance analysis and competitive inhibition with sialylated glycan receptor analogues were used to determine the affinity and the preference of sialic acid receptor. (engreen.com.cn)
  • Similarity searches of the nonredundant GenBank peptide sequence database by the PSI-BLAST program identified rat, hamster, human, and bacterial sialidases homologous to this mouse brain sialidase. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thus, efficient virus replication requires the balanced actions of HA receptor-binding specificity and NA sialidase activity. (cdc.gov)
  • Consistent with an inverting mechanism, EnvSia156 reveals a His/Asp active center in which the His acts as a Brønsted acid and Asp as a Brønsted base in a single-displacement mechanism. (rcsb.org)
  • Conventional methods for sialoglycoconjugate analysis, such as the resorcinol assay and thiobarbituric acid test, involve several complex steps. (takarabio.com)
  • The repartition and availability of sialic acid derivatives in the gut have a significant impact on the modulation of gut microbes and host susceptibility to infection and inflammation. (diamond.ac.uk)
  • Sialidase deficiency (D) causes accumulation of sialic acid-containing proteoglycans and neurodegeneration. (step1daily.com)
  • 1999). Chebulic myrobalan is highly nutritious and could be an important source of dietary supplement in vitamin C, energy, protein, amino acids and mineral nutrients (Bharthakur and Arnold, 1991). (scialert.net)
  • Siglec-E, a mouse orthologue of human Siglec-9, is a sialic acid binding lectin predominantly expressed on the surface of myeloid cells to transduce inhibitory signal via recruitment of SH2-domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1/2 upon binding to its sialoglycan ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this investigation, we cloned a novel cDNA for mouse brain sialidase and expressed the cDNA in COS-7 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In COS-7 cells transiently transfected with the cDNA, a 250-fold increase was observed in specific activity toward 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-α-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In these animals, the level of serum IgG autoantibodies capable to bind sialidase treated cultured cells increased, while the level of IgM autoantibodies did not change. (hal.science)
  • Sialidase treatment of the cells before the bioorthogonal labeling reaction showed that this sugar derivative is attached to the glycans in form of the corresponding sialic acid derivative and not epimerized to another hexosamine derivative to a considerable extent. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • Conversion of vitamin D3 binding protein (group-specific component) to a macrophage activating factor by the stepwise action of beta-galactosidase of B cells and sialidase of T cells. (aai.org)
  • Highly conserved DBP (human DBP is known as Gc) of serum alpha 2-globulin fraction can be converted to a potent macrophage activating factor by stepwise modification of Gc glycoprotein with beta-galactosidase of B cells and sialidase of T cells. (aai.org)
  • Treatment with sialidase of a conditioned medium of lipid metabolite-treated SM/J mouse nonadherent cells efficiently generated the macrophage activating factor. (aai.org)
  • When Gc protein was first treated with soluble or immobilized sialidase and used in a medium for 2 h cultivation of lipid metabolite-treated SM/J mouse nonadherent cells or BALB/c mouse B cells, the resultant conditioned media contained a large amount of the macrophage activating factor. (aai.org)
  • A glycogen-rich vaginal milieu is a haven for the proliferation of Lactobacilli facilitated by the production of lactic acid and decreased pH. (frontiersin.org)
  • The HA protein mediates virus binding to sialic acid (SA)-containing host cell surface molecules and promotes the release of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes through membrane fusion. (cdc.gov)
  • Alteration of the electrophoretic mobility of six day ECM CSA by incubation with purified sialidase suggested the presence of sialic acid on the active molecules. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Their demonstration that both kcat and Km are reduced substantially for cleavage of aryl sialoside substrates by these mutants strongly supports the role of acid/base catalyst for Asp151 since this is the classical kinetic signature of acid/base mutants. (cazypedia.org)
  • After removal of PsrP, an additional previously masked lectin-like adhesin activity mediating agglutination of sialidase-treated RBCs becomes revealed. (lu.se)
  • Can also be found inserted in the β-propeller of GH33 sialidases. (cazy.org)
  • Sialic acids are a family of related sugars that play essential roles in many biological events intimately linked to cellular recognition in both health and disease. (rcsb.org)
  • New sialic acids from biological sources identified by a comprehensive and sensitive approach: liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) of SIA quinoxalinones. (takarabio.com)
  • Its principles constituents contain chebulagic, chebulinic acid and corilagin (Harborne et al . (scialert.net)
  • Determination of mono-O-acetylated N-acetylneuraminic acids in human and rat sera by fluorometric high performance liquid chromatography. (takarabio.com)
  • The EAGLE platform is created by genetic fusion of an engineered human sialidase with antibody domains, and includes clinical stage Bi-Sialidase, as well as various bifunctional sialidases comprising a sialidase together with a targeting arm. (palleonpharma.com)
  • The virus then moves from sialic acid group to sialic acid group until it finds the proper cell surface receptor (whose identity remains unknown). (wikipedia.org)
  • Impacts of Siglec-E expression and cell surface sialic acid status on oxidized LDL uptake and signaling involved were examined by biochemical assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neuraminadase also facilitates the movement of virus particles in the presence of mucus rich in silicic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to the presence of genes encoding β-galactosidases, β-hexosaminidases, α-sialidases and α-fucosidases, B. mongoliense presents a genome more sophisticated and more adapted to the digestion of BMO/HMO than B. crudilactis (which contains only β-galactosidases). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that a recently discovered sialidase family, whose first member EnvSia156 was isolated from hot spring metagenomes, defines an unusual structural fold and active centre constellation, not previously described in sialidases. (rcsb.org)