Shoulder adhesive capsulitis frozen shoulders. Medical search. Frequent questions

Patients with diabetes and younger patients may be more likely to develop contralateral idiopathic adhesive capsulitis. (medscape.com)
Primary (or idiopathic) adhesive capsulitis can occur spontaneously without any specific trauma or inciting event. (korehab.com)
Primary adhesive capsulitis, also known as idiopathic adhesive capsulitis, occurs with no known trigger. (wikipedia.org)

In cases of painful shoulder and instability, the shoulder ligaments and tendons within the shoulder joint capsule, when damaged, can cause a "swelling" or thickening of the tissue within the shoulder, preventing normal range of motion. (jointrehab.com)
The bones, ligaments and tendons that make up your shoulder joint are encased in a capsule of connective tissue. (orthopedicshealth.com)
Shoulder tendonitis is an overuse injury that causes inflammation of one of the tendons in the shoulder joint, usually a rotator cuff tendon. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons surrounding and supporting the shoulder joint. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Shoulder pain typically comes from the joint itself or from any of the surrounding muscles, ligaments or tendons. (aarp.org)

But studies showed that while immobilization helped alleviate the pain of such injuries, it also contributed to a general weakening of the ligaments and predominance of "adhesive capsulitis," where the arm is frozen (frozen shoulder) and can no longer be lifted. (jointrehab.com)
The shoulder capsule is the collective name for all of the ligaments that surround the shoulder joint. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)

The current consensus definition of a frozen shoulder by the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons is "a condition of uncertain etiology characterized by significant restriction of both active and passive shoulder motion that occurs in the absence of a known intrinsic shoulder disorder. (medscape.com)
Frozen shoulder occurs when the connective tissue enclosing the joint becomes thickened and tight. (orthopedicshealth.com)
Frozen shoulder occurs when this capsule thickens and tightens around the shoulder joint, restricting its movement. (orthopedicshealth.com)
In general, bilateral shoulder involvement is rarely simultaneous and instead occurs sequentially. (medscape.com)
Frozen shoulder occurs much more often in people with diabetes, affecting 10% to 20% of these individuals. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
Dr. Jurek will examine your shoulder and move it carefully in different directions to see if movement is limited and if pain occurs with the motion. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
Frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, occurs when inflammation and scar tissue invade the shoulder joint. (rayravenmd.com)
Frozen shoulder (also known as adhesive capsulitis) occurs when the capsule, or the soft tissue envelope around the ball and socket shoulder joint, becomes scarred and contracted, making the shoulder tight, painful and stiff. (springer.com)
As a result, winging of the scapular or shoulder blade occurs. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
A posterior shoulder dislocation occurs when the head of the humerus moves backwards out of the socket. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
A tear occurs in a piece of cartilage called the labrum, which sits inside the shoulder socket. (medicalnewstoday.com)
It occurs when the tissue around the shoulder joint stiffens. (medicalnewstoday.com)
It is unclear why a frozen shoulder occurs in some people. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in your shoulder joint. (orthopedicshealth.com)
Dr. Jurek may order imaging tests to help rule out other causes of stiffness and pain in your shoulder. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)

A contracted coracohumeral ligament is considered the essential finding in adhesive capsulitis. (korehab.com)
The main limiting factor in external rotation is due to the thickening of the coracohumeral ligament, which forms the roof of the rotator cuff and is a primary symptom of adhesive capsulitis. (wikipedia.org)

Surgery for frozen shoulder is rare, but if nothing else has helped, your doctor may recommend surgery to remove scar tissue and adhesions from inside your shoulder joint. (orthopedicshealth.com)
Adhesive capsulitis or Frozen shoulder describes a pathological process in which the body forms excessive scar tissue or adhesions across the glenohumeral joint (shoulder), leading to stiffness, pain and dysfunction. (korehab.com)

The loss of passive range of motion (ROM) is a critical element in establishing the diagnosis of a true frozen shoulder. (medscape.com)
Active range of motion refers to you moving your shoulder on your own, and passive range of motion refers to Dr. Jurek moving your shoulder for you. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
This contrasts with conditions such as shoulder impingement syndrome or rotator cuff tendinitis in which the active range of motion is restricted but passive range of motion is normal. (wikipedia.org)

Freezing usually lasts from 6 weeks to 9 months. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)

Classically, symptoms of primary frozen shoulder have been divided into three phases: freezing (painful), frozen (stiffening), and thawing. (medscape.com)
Despite these criteria, diagnosing FSS can be controversial because there is little consensus on the specific shoulder motion restrictions or duration of symptoms needed to qualify a patient as having a frozen shoulder. (medscape.com)
The justification for waiting to decide on surgical treatment in patients with an idiopathic frozen shoulder is that it has always been considered a disease starting with a decreasing function in the first month in every case, with symptoms resolving spontaneously sooner or later. (jointrehab.com)
What are the symptoms for frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)? (orthopedicshealth.com)
In the frozen stage , your pain symptoms may improve, but the stiffness remains. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
Dr. Jurek will review your medical history and shoulder symptoms with you. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
Symptoms include shoulder pain and limited range of motion although these symptoms are common in many shoulder conditions. (wikipedia.org)
The symptoms of primary frozen shoulder have been described as having three or four stages. (wikipedia.org)
Based on a series of 233 patients with a mean follow-up of 4.4 years from onset of symptoms, 59% had normal or near normal shoulders, 35% had mild-to-moderate symptoms with pain being the most common complaint and 6% had severe symptoms at follow-up [ 4 ]. (springer.com)

Lundberg divided patients who met the pain and motion requirements of frozen shoulder into two groups: primary and secondary. (medscape.com)
Adhesive capsulitis can be primary or secondary. (korehab.com)
Secondary adhesive capsulitis is often observed after periarticular fracture dislocation of the glenohumeral joint or other severe articular trauma. (korehab.com)
Risk factors for secondary adhesive capsulitis include injury or surgery leading to prolonged immobility. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Adhesive capsulitis is called secondary when it develops after an injury or surgery to the shoulder. (wikipedia.org)
Secondary outcomes include the Disabilities of Arm Shoulder and Hand ( Quick DASH) score, the EQ-5D-5 L score, pain, extent of recovery and complications. (springer.com)
The aim of our research is to provide evidence of clinical and cost-effectiveness for commonly used interventions in the National Health Service (NHS) for the management of frozen shoulder in secondary care. (springer.com)

Adhesive shoulder capsulitis is a clinical diagnosis made on the basis of medical history and physical exam and is often a diagnosis of exclusion. (korehab.com)
We will conduct a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of 500 adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of frozen shoulder, and who have radiographs that exclude other pathology. (springer.com)

An important symptom of adhesive capsulitis is the severity of stiffness that often makes it nearly impossible to carry out simple arm movements. (wikipedia.org)
Unexplained shoulder and arm pain can be a symptom of a heart attack . (medicalnewstoday.com)
What is right shoulder pain a symptom of? (medicalnewstoday.com)

As you probably know, frozen shoulder happens because of immobility. (mayoclinic.org)
People who've had prolonged immobility or reduced mobility of the shoulder are at higher risk of developing frozen shoulder. (orthopedicshealth.com)

Adhesive capsulitis involves fibrotic changes to the capsuloligamentous structures, continuous passive motion is thought to help elongate collagen fibers. (korehab.com)

Doctors aren't sure why this happens to some people, although it's more likely to occur in people who have diabetes or those who recently had to immobilize their shoulder for a long period, such as after surgery or an arm fracture. (orthopedicshealth.com)
Frozen shoulder can develop after a shoulder has been immobilized for a period of time due to surgery, a fracture, or another injury. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
Shoulder pain may be severe and sudden for injuries such as a fracture or sprain or conditions such as a frozen shoulder. (medicalnewstoday.com)

[ 1 ] The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons defines this condition as: "A condition of varying severity characterized by the gradual development of global limitation of active and passive shoulder motion where radiographic findings other than osteopenia are absent. (medscape.com)
Patients with primary frozen shoulder have no significant findings in the history, clinical examination, or radiographic evaluation to explain their motion loss and pain. (medscape.com)
The goal of the study was to see if MRI found anything else in the shoulder not previously suspected in the clinical examination and if any change in the treatment plan based on these additional MRI findings in frozen shoulder patients was observed. (jointrehab.com)
Conclusions: "Although additional pathologies were identified in 22% of the patients, a change in treatment plan due to the MRI findings was only observed in 2.7% ( 37 MRIs needed to identify 1 patient with frozen shoulder requiring surgery for the additional MRI findings ). (jointrehab.com)

A June 2022 paper ( 13 ) wrote: "Shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly performed in patients with frozen shoulder. (jointrehab.com)

Some additional medical problems associated with frozen shoulder include hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Parkinson's disease, and cardiac disease. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
Adhesive capsulitis has been linked to diabetes and hypothyroidism, according to research. (wikipedia.org)

People with frozen shoulder are typically someone who had a shoulder injury or surgery that required immobilization or someone who suffers from diabetes. (jointrehab.com)
Below is also new research on the use of PRP shoulder injections in the frozen shoulder shoulders of diabetes patients. (jointrehab.com)
Adhesive capsulitis is associated with diabetes, thyroid disease, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, autoimmune disease and Dupuytren's disease. (korehab.com)

As the pain worsens, the shoulder loses motion. (wikipedia.org)

In particular, posterior glide mobilization was determined to be more effective than anterior glide for improving external rotation range of motion in patients with adhesive capsulitis. (korehab.com)

Treatment for frozen shoulder involves range-of-motion exercises and, sometimes, corticosteroids and numbing medications injected into the joint capsule. (orthopedicshealth.com)
To help your shoulder move more easily, synovial fluid lubricates the shoulder capsule and the joint. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
The capsule provides stability for the shoulder while allowing for an incredible range of motion of the shoulder joint. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
As frozen shoulder develops, the shoulder capsule thickens and becomes stiff and tight. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
In frozen shoulder, the smooth tissues of the shoulder capsule become thick, stiff, and inflamed. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
Contracture of the glenohumeral capsule is the hallmark of adhesive capsulitis. (korehab.com)
The hardening of the shoulder joint capsule is central to the disease process. (wikipedia.org)
Frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, is when shrinkage of the joint capsule causes the shoulder to become less mobile. (primomedico.com)

Until recently, it was common in cases of dislocation to immobilize the shoulder for long periods of time. (jointrehab.com)

Most frozen shoulder treatment involves controlling shoulder pain and preserving as much range of motion in the shoulder as possible. (orthopedicshealth.com)

A few factors may put you more at risk for developing frozen shoulder, however, many cases of frozen shoulder occur without a known cause. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
Muscle loss around the shoulder may also occur. (wikipedia.org)
The condition can also occur after injury or surgery to the shoulder. (wikipedia.org)
The pain may be constant or occur only when moving or lifting the shoulder. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Swimmer's shoulder describes a range of different shoulder injuries that may occur due to swimming. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Conditions such as shoulder impingement syndrome can cause pain in the top, and outer part of the shoulder. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Frozen shoulder, also called adhesive capsulitis, causes severe pain and stiffness in the shoulder. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
It can also be a severe complication after open or arthroscopic shoulder surgery, including rotator cuff repair and shoulder arthroplasty. (korehab.com)
Sometimes, shoulder pain can be severe enough that it interferes with everyday activities. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In most cases, frozen shoulder develops in three phases, each lasting several months: First, any movement results in severe pain, limiting active movement. (primomedico.com)

The hallmark sign of a frozen shoulder is stiffness that does not respond to stretching. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
She'll check if you have limited range of motion both actively and passively, which is the hallmark finding of frozen shoulder. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)

@auntieoakley It was along time ago but seems to me I was in P.T. about 2-3 months I'm glad you are going to go to P.T. Imsure this will help as well as Aqua exercise for the shoulder ask the Dr. about this also Water helps so much. (mayoclinic.org)
Sometimes, shoulder and arm pain have nothing to do with exercise or injury. (medicalnewstoday.com)

As we are dealing with treatments surrounding musculoskeletal repair, we will focus on post-traumatic injury or surgical cause of "frozen shoulder. (jointrehab.com)
Many people contact us after they have had tradition treatments for their frozen shoulder. (jointrehab.com)
While a number of treatments, such as NSAIDs, physical therapy, steroids, and injecting the shoulder at high pressure, may be tried, it is unclear what is best. (wikipedia.org)

Risk factors for adhesive capsulitis include female sex, age over 40 years, preceding trauma, HLA-B27 positivity and prolonged immobilization of the glenohumeral joint. (korehab.com)
In addition, prolonged shoulder immobilization, such as after surgery or injury, can often lead to a frozen shoulder. (primomedico.com)

Injecting corticosteroids into your shoulder joint may help decrease pain and improve shoulder mobility, especially in the early stages of the process. (orthopedicshealth.com)
Then the doctor moves your shoulder joint in different directions, to help loosen the tightened tissue. (orthopedicshealth.com)
The shoulder is a "ball and socket" joint, with the ball-shaped head of the humerus (upper arm bone) fitting into a socket called the glenoid. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
The goal of treatment of adhesive capsulitis is to restore the shoulder to a painless and functional joint. (korehab.com)
Joint mobilization is an effective intervention for adhesive capsulitis. (korehab.com)
There also may be a reduction in synovial fluid, which normally helps the shoulder joint, a ball and socket joint, move by lubricating the gap between the humerus and the socket in the shoulder blade. (wikipedia.org)
A Glenoid labrum tear is a tear of a fibrous ring of tissue in the shoulder joint. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
It causes pain and restricted movement in the shoulder joint. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
The structures around the shoulder joint are not effective in keeping the upper arm bone in the shoulder socket. (medicalnewstoday.com)

From searching the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) website and the ISRCTN register, there was no large-scale, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial (RCT) of interventions for primary frozen shoulder being undertaken. (springer.com)

Adhesive capsulitis and frozen shoulder syndrome (FSS) are two terms that have been used to describe a painful and stiff shoulder. (medscape.com)
For around 4-6 months, pain may improve, but the shoulder will remain stiff and hard to move. (medicalnewstoday.com)

To receive the best possible care, patients with frozen shoulders should see specialists in orthopedics and sports medicine, possibly specializing in the shoulder area. (primomedico.com)

A shoulder surgeon's hospital care experience in the UK, however, suggests that the term frozen shoulder is often overused and misused, with incidence in the general population around 1% [ 2 ]. (springer.com)

Rotator cuff tendonitis (tendinopathy) is an overuse injury causing gradual onset pain in the shoulder. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)

Five of the 609 (0.8%) patients were treated for refractory frozen shoulder by arthroscopic capsulotomy. (jointrehab.com)

Having patients move their shoulders soon after injury or surgery is one measure prescribed to try to prevent frozen shoulder. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
Are you looking for information on frozen shoulder and specialists for treatment or surgery? (primomedico.com)

Soft tissue mobilization and deep friction massage may benefit adhesive capsulitis patients. (korehab.com)
A tendon in the shoulder rubs and catches on surrounding tissue when a person lifts their arm. (medicalnewstoday.com)

People who have certain diseases appear more likely to develop frozen shoulder. (orthopedicshealth.com)

Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as aspirin and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), can help reduce pain and inflammation associated with frozen shoulder. (orthopedicshealth.com)
Overuse can cause damage and inflammation to the muscles in the arm and shoulder. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Pain in the right shoulder and arm is often due to muscle, tendon, or ligament damage, or due to damage to the peripheral nerves in those areas. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Therefore, patients with those conditions should not be classified as having a frozen shoulder. (medscape.com)
Clinically we have seen many patients with various and diverse shoulder problems. (jointrehab.com)
In 403 patients a shoulder MRI was performed. (jointrehab.com)
Therefore, routine use of shoulder MRI scans in patients with frozen shoulder but without suspicion of an additional pathology may not be indicated. (jointrehab.com)
Frozen shoulder syndrome (FSS) usually affects patients aged 40-60 years. (medscape.com)
Approximately 70 % of frozen shoulder patients are women, however, males with frozen shoulder are at greater risk for longer recovery and greater disability. (korehab.com)
It is estimated that 70% of patients with adhesive shoulder capsulitis are women. (korehab.com)
Freezing, synovitis (duration 3 - 9 months) : Patients present with a primary complaint of shoulder pain, especially at night, although they have preserved motion and begin to develop stiffness. (korehab.com)
Patients with frozen shoulder can take advantage of ESWT because of its noninvasive, safe nature, low costs, no need for hospitalization, fewer visits of patient in the hospital, and the lack of significant adverse events during the treatment. (korehab.com)
Deep friction massage using the Cyriax method to superficial heat and diathermy in treatment of patients with adhesive capsulitis. (korehab.com)
Adhesive capsulitis was five times more common in diabetic patients than in the control group, according to a meta-analysis published in 2016. (wikipedia.org)
Patients can complain of shoulder blade pain with pressure on the scapular from a chair when sitting. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
This frozen shoulder is usually reversible, but in about one in 10 patients, permanent movement restrictions remain. (primomedico.com)
To avoid this scenario, patients should undergo passive, or assisted, motion therapy postoperatively to keep the shoulder "free. (primomedico.com)

The initial painful phase is marked by a gradual onset of diffuse shoulder pain lasting from weeks to months. (medscape.com)
Stage one: The "freezing" or painful stage, which may last from six weeks to nine months, and in which the patient has a slow onset of pain. (wikipedia.org)

Although I have never had that happen to me after any of the four shoulder surgeries, I was warned about it by the orthopedic surgeon. (mayoclinic.org)

People aged 40-60 are most likely to develop frozen shoulder, and it is four times more common in females than males. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Start with the end of the band in one hand at shoulder height, elbow bend. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Located in the same building as the physicians of this practice, the rehabilitation department offers post-operative and non-operative treatment for conditions involving the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, foot and ankle, and spine. (mainehealth.org)

I am so sorry that you are having pain from a frozen shoulder. (mayoclinic.org)
In the freezing stage , you slowly have more and more pain. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
A heating pad or warm shower generally helps to reduce the pain associated with a frozen shoulder. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
Adhesive capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder, is a condition associated with shoulder pain and stiffness. (wikipedia.org)
It is a common shoulder ailment that is marked by pain and a loss of range of motion, particularly in external rotation. (wikipedia.org)
Pain due to frozen shoulder is usually dull or aching and may be worse at night and with any motion. (wikipedia.org)
Stage two: The "frozen" or adhesive stage is marked by a slow improvement in pain but the stiffness remains. (wikipedia.org)
Some exam maneuvers of the shoulder may be impossible due to pain. (wikipedia.org)
If caused by an injury resulting in nerve damage, the patient may have limited shoulder elevation as well as shoulder blade pain. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Apply ice or cold therapy to reduce the shoulder blade pain. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Shoulder pain is the third-leading muscle and bone complaint in the United States. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Read on to discover the possible causes of right shoulder and arm pain and their associated treatment options. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Right shoulder pain varies depending on the cause. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Sometimes, shoulder pain can extend into the neck as well. (medicalnewstoday.com)
If nerve damage is contributing to shoulder pain, it can cause numbness and tingling in the arm. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In some instances, gallbladder disease can cause pain in the right shoulder. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The following are 8 other possible causes of right shoulder pain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Pain in Your Shoulders? (aarp.org)
In the next phase, the pain sensation subsides, but the shoulder already stiffens and makes movement difficult. (primomedico.com)
Pain-free exercises can successfully resolve frozen shoulder conservatively in most cases. (primomedico.com)

A physical therapist can teach you range-of-motion exercises to help recover as much mobility in your shoulder as possible. (orthopedicshealth.com)
X-rays show clear images of dense structures such as bone and may show other causes of limited range of motion in your shoulder, such as arthritis. (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
The most commonly prescribed therapeutic exercises for adhesive capsulitis are active-assisted range of motion (AAROM) exercises. (korehab.com)
The shoulder will feel painful and lose range of motion. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Your risk of developing frozen shoulder increases if you're recovering from a medical condition or procedure that prevents you from moving your arm - such as a stroke or a mastectomy. (orthopedicshealth.com)

The glenoid is shallow and is the lateral part of the scapula (shoulder blade). (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
A winged scapular is usually fairly obvious as the scapular or shoulder blade protrudes outwards sticking out of the back. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
The shoulder blade protrudes outwards from the back, rather than laying flat against the back of the chest wall. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
It is the one which holds the shoulder blade in place. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
A winged scapula is usually a result of weakened shoulder blade stabilisers, especially the Serratus Anterior. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)

Shoulder motion slowly improves in the thawing stage . (seattleshoulderdoc.com)
Stage three: The "thawing" or recovery, when shoulder motion slowly returns toward normal. (wikipedia.org)

It is quite a common shoulder dysfunction, also associated with poor posture. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)

Therefore, in some cases, surgical treatment of frozen shoulder becomes necessary. (primomedico.com)

The use of ESWT seems to have positive effects on treatment, quicker return to daily activities, and quality-of-life improvement on frozen shoulder. (korehab.com)
The gold standard for the treatment of frozen shoulder is conservative treatment. (primomedico.com)
All listed physicians and clinics have been reviewed by us for their outstanding specialization in frozen shoulder and are awaiting your inquiry or treatment request. (primomedico.com)

It's unusual for frozen shoulder to recur in the same shoulder, but some people can develop it in the opposite shoulder. (orthopedicshealth.com)

About 4 months ago I was diagnosed with a frozen shoulder, the doctor said take nsaids which I was already taking. (mayoclinic.org)

Anatomy5

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care1

Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis3

Tendons5

Ligaments2

Occurs13

Stiffness and pain in your shoulder2

Coracohumeral ligament2

Scar tissue2

Passive range of mot3

Weeks to 9 months1

Symptoms9

Secondary7

Diagnosis2

Symptom3

Immobility2

Fibrotic1

Fracture3

Findings4

20221

Hypothyroidism2

Diabetes3

Worsens1

Posterior1

Capsule8

Dislocation1

Involves1

Occur5

Impingement syndrome1

Severe4

Hallmark2

Exercise2

Treatments3

Immobilization2

Joint9

Primary frozen shoulder1

Stiff2

Orthopedics1

Term frozen shoulder1

Rotator Cuff Tendonitis1

Arthroscopic1

Surgery2

Tissue2

Diseases1

Inflammation2

Tendon1

Patients14

Onset2

Orthopedic surgeon1

Likely to develop1

Elbow2

Pain20

Range of mot4

Increases1

Blade5

Motion slowly2

Common shoulder1

Surgical treatment1

Treatment3

Develop1

Nsaids1