The risk of perinatal mortality following short inter-pregnancy intervals-insights from 692â 402 pregnancies in 113 Demographic and Health Surveys from 46 countries: a population-based analysis. (bvsalud.org)
Inter- pregnancy interval has been identified as a potentially modifiable risk factor to improve perinatal outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
We aimed to estimate the association between inter- pregnancy interval and perinatal mortality using the Demographic and Health Survey reproductive and contraceptive calendar. (bvsalud.org)
The primary outcome was perinatal mortality ( stillbirth and early neonatal death ) while the inter- pregnancy interval was the exposure of interest, grouped into categories of less than 6 months, 6-11 months, 12-17 months, 18-23 months, and 24-59 months. (bvsalud.org)
The overall HR of perinatal death was 2·72 (95% CI 2·52-2·93) times higher for an inter- pregnancy interval of less than 6 months compared with the WHO recommended optimal waiting time of 18-23 months following a livebirth. (bvsalud.org)
Inter- pregnancy intervals of less than 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months following stillbirth or abortion (spontaneous or induced) do not pose a higher risk for perinatal death in subsequent pregnancy . (bvsalud.org)
Birth spacing, pregnancy spacing, inter-birth interval (IBI) or inter-pregnancy interval refers to how soon after a prior pregnancy a woman becomes pregnant or gives birth again. (wikipedia.org)
The global public health burden of short inter-pregnancy intervals is substantial. (wikipedia.org)
Family planning can help increase inter-pregnancy interval. (wikipedia.org)
Family planning, such as the use of contraceptives can increase inter-pregnancy interval. (wikipedia.org)
Cultural and religious attitudes towards both sex and the use of contraceptives, price and availability of health care, and poverty are all factors which can affect inter-pregnancy intervals. (wikipedia.org)
Short inter-pregnancy interval is associated with an increase in maternal mortality, stillbirth, and child mortality. (wikipedia.org)
Inter-pregnancy interval of lower than 18 months is associated with an increased risk of pre-term birth. (wikipedia.org)
Short inter-pregnancy interval after a prior C-section can be a contraindication for having a vaginal birth after a prior C-section (VBAC). (wikipedia.org)
In one study inter-pregnancy intervals shorter than 6 months were associated with 2-3 times increased risk of uterine rupture, major morbidity, and blood transfusion during vaginal delivery in mothers with at least one prior C-section. (wikipedia.org)
Complications of a short inter-pregnancy interval are lower after an abortion or miscarriage compared to a full-term pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
An inter-pregnancy interval of greater than five years is associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia. (wikipedia.org)
Conclusive evidence addressing the ways by which maternal symptoms of depression might serve as a risk factor for shortened inter-pregnancy intervals is not readily accessible. (confex.com)
If the initiation of the method is delayed, then the woman or teenage girl may be at risk of unplanned pregnancy and shorter inter-pregnancy intervals," Angote said. (co.ke)
To investigate the relationship among parity, length of the inter-pregnancy intervals and excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy and the risk of obesity. (nlsinfo.org)
Using a prospective cohort study of 3,422 non-obese, non-pregnant US women aged 14-22 years at baseline, adjusted Cox models were used to estimate the association among parity, inter-pregnancy intervals, and excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy and the relative hazard rate (HR) of obesity. (nlsinfo.org)
Multiparous women with the same excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy and at least one additional short inter-pregnancy interval had a significant risk of obesity after childbirth. (nlsinfo.org)
Perinatal interventions that prevent excessive pregnancy weight gain in the first pregnancy or lengthen the inter-pregnancy interval are necessary for reducing maternal obesity. (nlsinfo.org)
Family planning (FP) use reduces maternal death via a reduction in the number of unintended pregnancies and helps prevent high-risk pregnancies such as those associated with young or old age, high parity, and short inter-pregnancy intervals. (biomedcentral.com)
Premature birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, as well as neonatal death are all increased by short inter-pregnancy intervals. (fitelo.co)
The risk was high in women belonging to the low socioeconomic group and in women with short inter pregnancy interval. (gynaecologyjournal.com)
Subjects with an inter-pregnancy interval shorter than 18 months, a large for gestational age baby, a pregnancy complicated with gestational diabetes and a previous unclassified uterine scar were excluded. (univr.it)
Outcomes20
Objectives: Short interpregnancy intervals (IPI) and high parity may be synergistically associated with the risk of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. (edu.pl)
We examined the WHO recommended interval of at least 24 months after a livebirth to next pregnancy , and its recommendation of waiting for at least 6 months after a pregnancy loss to improve subsequent pregnancy outcomes . (bvsalud.org)
Prenatal and postpartum contraception counselling should address the health effects of high-risk pregnancies and interpregnancy intervals to improve maternal health outcomes. (bmj.com)
Non optimal (short or long) interpregnancy interval is one of common modifiable obstetric factors which is associated with multiple maternal, obstetric and fetal adverse outcomes such as preeclampsia, 3 rd trimester bleeding, anemia, preterm delivery, low birth weight, small for gestational age and low APGAR score. (spirhr.org)
There are few studies in our set up which assess interpregnancy interval and bad pregnancy outcomes. (spirhr.org)
The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of interpregnancy intervals (long and short) and to determine association of non-optimal (short and long) interpregnancy interval and bad pregnancy outcomes (maternal &obstetric and fetal) among postnatal mothers at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College. (spirhr.org)
Univariate descriptive analysis was presented with frequency and percentage table, bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to assess association of non-optimal interpregnancy and composite bad maternal/obstetric and fetal outcomes. (spirhr.org)
Short interpregnancy interval is significantly associated with bad composite maternal and obstetric outcomes compared to optimal interpregnancy interval. (spirhr.org)
Short interpregnancy intervals are associated with adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
The risk of adverse birth outcomes has been shown to increase as the duration of short intervals decrease (i.e., 12-17 months, 6-11 months, and less than 6 months), and these patterns may reflect different maternal demographic profiles. (cdc.gov)
Within-Family Analysis of Interpregnancy Interval and Adverse Birth Outcomes. (emedinexus.com)
A new study published in Obstetrics and Gynecology examined associations among interpregnancy interval the duration from the preceding birth to the conception of the next born index child and adverse birth outcomes. (emedinexus.com)
Meanwhile associations between long interpregnancy interval and adverse birth outcomes remained through cousin and sibling comparisons. (emedinexus.com)
Hence it was inferred that familial confounding explains most of the association between a short interpregnancy interval and adverse birth outcomes whereas associations with long interpregnancy intervals were independent of measured and unmeasured factors. (emedinexus.com)
In Latin America, post-abortion interpregnancy intervals shorter than 6 months are independently associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in the next pregnancy. (afar.info)
Several retrospective studies have shown an association between a short interpregnancy interval (IPI) and adverse maternal and newborn outcomes: low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth, premature preterm rupture of membranes (PPROM), and maternal death [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Both short and long interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) have been associated with adverse birth outcomes. (chop.edu)
A systematic review of the literature associated with the long-term consequences of four key outcomes from the Building Blocks trial, specifically, low birth weight, smoking during pregnancy, interval to subsequent pregnancy and A&E attendance or inpatient admission was conducted. (biomedcentral.com)
Given that these outcomes have been identified by the UK Department of Health as of particular interest for UK benefit, investment of research in these areas is recommended to establish a clearer picture of both short and long-term consequences. (biomedcentral.com)
Longer interpregnancy intervals (IPI) have also been linked to adverse perinatal outcomes, including low birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth, as well as increased autism risk. (kaiserpermanente.org)
Pregnancies2
In Malawi, pregnancies that occurred fewer than 15 months after the previous pregnancy have the highest perinatal mortality rate (55 deaths per 1000 pregnancies) when compared to other birth spacing intervals [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Knowing that short interpregnancy intervals are associated with low birth-weight and prematurity, we teach people the importance of letting their bodies rest between pregnancies and help them establish a plan for birth control. (commonsensechildbirth.org)
Preterm6
Frequency of short interpregnancy interval in preterm birth. (theprofesional.com)
The results showed higher chances of preterm birth and LBW after a short interpregnancy interval 0 5 months compared to offspring born after an interpregnancy interval of 18 23 months. (emedinexus.com)
A small association between a short interpregnancy interval and preterm birth persisted in sibling comparisons but associations with LBW and SGA were variable. (emedinexus.com)
For pregnancy intervals of 60 months or more the probability of preterm birth LBW and SGA were also higher when compared to the reference interval. (emedinexus.com)
Preterm birth results in short term complications, such as respiratory distress syndrome, apnea and brain immaturity [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Interpregnancy interval, LARC use, and preterm birth: A retrospective cohort study. (utah.edu)
Parity3
The test for interaction between very short IPI and parity on the OR for LBW was statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons (P = 0.04). (edu.pl)
Conclusion: Parity may modify the association between short birth spacing and LBW. (edu.pl)
Women with very short IPI and high parity may have a higher risk of having LBW infants than those with very short IPI but low parity. (edu.pl)
Percentage of short2
The region with the greatest percentage of short interbirth intervals was central Asia, where a third of children were born less than 24 months apart. (wikipedia.org)
Were there differences in the percentage of short interpregnancy intervals by race and Hispanic origin? (cdc.gov)
Adverse1
Interpregnancy interval (IPI) has been linked with several maternal and neonatal adverse events in the general population. (biomedcentral.com)
Births8
The region with lowest burden was Sub-Saharan Africa, with 20% of births having an interval of less than 24 months. (wikipedia.org)
The percentage of births to mothers with intervals less than 6 months decreased as education level increased, from 4.3% (no high school diploma) to 1.8% (doctorate or professional degree). (cdc.gov)
This report examines categories of short interpregnancy intervals by maternal demographic characteristics among second and higher-order singleton births, using revised birth certificate data for 47 states and the District of Columbia (96% of births) in 2014. (cdc.gov)
Less than 5.0% of births occurred to mothers with an interval of 10 years or more (i.e., 120 months or more). (cdc.gov)
The percentages of births to mothers with intervals less than 6 months were higher for mothers aged 35 and over at the previous birth (5.7%) and for mothers under age 25 at the previous birth (5.1% among those under age 20 and 5.6% among age group 20-24) compared with other age groups ( Figure 2 ). (cdc.gov)
The percentage of births to mothers with intervals of 6-11 months increased with increasing maternal age at previous birth: from 8.8% among mothers under age 20 to 16.3% among mothers aged 35 and over. (cdc.gov)
We estimated prevalence of selected defects per 10,000 live births and prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) overall and stratified by maternal age at previous birth and race/ethnicity. (chop.edu)
Among 5,147,962 eligible births, 6.3% had short IPI while 19.8% had long IPI. (chop.edu)
IPIs1
It is unclear if women in this situation desire short IPIs, are influenced to do so by people or situations, or are aware of the risks associated with short IPI. (biomedcentral.com)
Referent1
Compared to referent, prevalence with short IPI was elevated for gastroschisis (3.7, CI: 3.0-4.5 vs. 2.0, CI: 1.6-2.4) and with both short and long IPI for tetralogy of Fallot (short: 3.4, 2.8-4.2 long: 3.8, 3.4-4.3 vs. 2.7, 2.3-3.2) and cleft lip ± palate (short: 9.9, 8.8-11.2 long: 9.2, 8.5-9.8 vs. 8.4, 7.6-9.2). (chop.edu)
Prevalence4
Prevalence of short and long interpregnancy (IPI) interval is 41.9% and 9.4% respectively. (spirhr.org)
Interpregnancy interval and prevalence of selected birth defects: A multistate study. (chop.edu)
Stratified analyses identified additional associations, including elevated prevalence of anencephaly with short IPI in younger mothers and limb defects with long IPI in those ages 25-34 at prior birth. (chop.edu)
In this population-based study, we observed increased prevalence of several birth defects with short and long IPI. (chop.edu)
Median3
The median birth interval of the Gainj people of the New Guinea Highlands has been reported as 3.6 years (43 months), and that of the !Kung people of Africa as 3.7 years (44 months). (wikipedia.org)
The inter-birth intervals in wild apes are reported to be significantly longer than those in humans, with median birth intervals at 3.8 years for gorillas, 5.6 years for chimpanzees and 7.7 years for orangutans. (wikipedia.org)
The median interpregnancy interval was 24-29 months, or 2-2.5 years ( Figure 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Breastfeeding1
Breastfeeding on demand with intervals of no more than 4-6 hours between feedings is the most effective strategy. (themasterpiecemom.com)
Abortion2
A shorter interval may be appropriate if the pregnancy ended in abortion or miscarriage, typically 6 months. (wikipedia.org)
Effect of the interpregnancy interval after an abortion on maternal and perinatal health in Latin America. (afar.info)
Mothers6
Nearly 29.0% of U.S. mothers who had a second or higher-order birth in 2014 had a short interpregnancy interval of less than 18 months. (cdc.gov)
How common were short interpregnancy intervals among mothers in 2014? (cdc.gov)
Were older mothers more likely to have short interpregnancy intervals? (cdc.gov)
Intervals of less than 6 months were most common among non-Hispanic black mothers (7.1%), followed by Hispanic (5.0%) and non-Hispanic white (4.1%) mothers ( Figure 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Intervals of 6-11 months were most common among non-Hispanic black mothers (11.7%), followed by non-Hispanic white (11.2%) and Hispanic (9.3%) mothers. (cdc.gov)
In contrast, intervals of 12-17 months were most common among non-Hispanic white mothers (15.6%), followed by non-Hispanic black (11.0%) and Hispanic (10.3%) mothers. (cdc.gov)
Optimal1
Our study reaffirms the WHO recommendation on optimal interval between the last livebirth and the next pregnancy of at least 24 months and avoiding pregnancy before 18 months. (bvsalud.org)
Analyses1
Furthermore post birth interval analyses showed familial confounding existed for short interpregnancy intervals but supported independent associations for long interpregnancy intervals. (emedinexus.com)
Conception2
NOTES: Interpregnancy interval is the number of months between a live birth and the conception of the next live birth. (cdc.gov)
Interpregnancy intervals - the time from the first birth to conception of the second child - may be a factor in autism risk," said Ousseny Zerbo, PhD , research fellow with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research and the study's lead author. (kaiserpermanente.org)
Respiratory1
We defined interpregnancy academic progress) and respiratory level) and 7 peripheral maternity units interval as the interval from the first illnesses in later life ( 5 , 6 ). (who.int)
If the mother has had a prior C-section, it is advisable to wait before giving birth again due to the risk of uterine rupture in the mother during childbirth, with recommendations of a minimum inter-delivery interval ranging from a year to three years. (wikipedia.org)
Pregnancy intervals longer than five years are associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia. (wikipedia.org)
In developing countries, children born two years or earlier after an older sibling were at a 60% increased risk of death in infancy, while those born between two and three years had a 10% increase, compared with those born after intervals of four to five years. (wikipedia.org)
After adjusting for confounders, compared to an IPI of 18-23 months, the IPI of ≤ 11 months [odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44-1.66], 12-17 months (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.33-1.43), 36-59 months (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.10-1.15), and ≥ 60 months (OR = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.16-1.22) were associated with an increased risk of repeat cesarean delivery. (biomedcentral.com)
Previous studies have linked short pregnancy intervals with increased risk of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. (kaiserpermanente.org)
We don't understand why factors such as interpregnancy interval may increase the risk of autism," said Lisa A. Croen, PhD , research scientist with the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research , senior author of the study and director of Kaiser Permanente's Autism Research Program . (kaiserpermanente.org)
Hispanic1
But in 2018, Hispanic women were 40% more likely to have a short interpregnancy interval than NH White women. (perinatalequityinri.com)
Long2
On the other hand, long interpregnancy interval is associated with bad composite neonatal outcome but not with composite neonatal outcome. (spirhr.org)
Thus, interventions targeting reproductive-age women have the potential for impact beyond the woman herself, with both short and long-term consequences for the woman and her family. (utah.edu)
Confidence1
During Omicron predominance, VE declined from 73% (95% confidence interval, 67%-79%) 14-60 days after the booster dose, to 32% (4%-52%) ≥120 days after a booster dose. (cdc.gov)
Years2
In one study, the average birth interval across all countries was 32.1 months (2.7 years). (wikipedia.org)
Sodium nitroprusside should be reserved for extreme emergencies and used for the shortest amount of time possible because of concerns about cyanide and thiocyanate toxicity in the mother and fetus or newborn, and increased intracranial pressure with potential worsening of cerebral edema in the mother. (medscape.com)
Found1
Birth intervals have been found to be higher in traditional hunter-gatherer societies. (wikipedia.org)