Shock hemorrhagic. Medical search. Frequent questions

This study aimed to investigate the effect of mesenteric lymph drainage on the acute kidney injury induced by hemorrhagic shock without resuscitation. (hindawi.com)
With the development of fluid resuscitation based on microcirculation disturbance theory, the cases of kidney injury induced directly by ischemia following shock decline gradually [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Under specific circumstances, a large proportion of shocked patients receive delayed fluid resuscitation because factors inducing hemorrhage are complex [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Our studies showed that the mesenteric lymph duct ligation (MLDL) could alleviate kidney injury following two-hit of hemorrhage and lipopolysaccharide and hemorrhagic shock with fluid resuscitation [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
However, further studies should be conducted to determine whether or not the blockage of mesenteric lymph return can decrease kidney injury after hemorrhagic shock without resuscitation. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of mesenteric lymph drainage on AKI induced by hemorrhagic shock without resuscitation. (hindawi.com)
This study aimed to investigate whether resuscitation after a hemorrhagic shock (HS) and/or mild cerebral ischemia caused by a unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO) can cause brain injury and concomitant neurological dysfunction, and explore the potential mechanisms. (medsci.org)
Identification and resuscitation of the trauma patient in shock. (medscape.com)
Wilson M, Davis DP, Coimbra R. Diagnosis and monitoring of hemorrhagic shock during the initial resuscitation of multiple trauma patients: a review. (medscape.com)
Clinically, patients with neurogenic shock may present with temperature dysregulation, bradycardia, and hypotension that is not responsive to volume resuscitation. (medscape.com)
2. Continue fluid resuscitation with crystalloids (eg, ~3 mL for every 1 mL blood lost) or colloids (eg, ~1 mL for every 1 mL of blood lost) only until packed red blood cells ( PRBCs ) are available for transfusion (see Shock ). (empendium.com)
A total of 94% patients with hemorrhagic shock suspected clinically, shock index at admission (first SI) ≥0.8, and SI at 1 L of fluid resuscitation (second SI) ≥1.0 were assigned to the B group. (elsevierpure.com)
Resuscitation extended survival time in both shock groups. (uludag.edu.tr)
Blood pressure increased by resuscitation in the hemorrhagic shock but not in the septic shock. (uludag.edu.tr)
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of different resuscitation solutions on wound healing in an animal model of sublethal hemorrhagic shock. (sdu.edu.tr)
What's New in Fluid Resuscitation for Hemorrhagic Shock. (texashealth.org)
THD OB/GYN Grand Rounds - What's New in Fluid Resuscitation for Hemorrhagic Shock. (texashealth.org)
Combat: Initial Experience with a Randomized Clinical Trial of Plasma-Based Resuscitation in the Field for Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock. (ucdenver.edu)
The resuscitation attempts in combination with lysis therapy due to suspected pulmonary artery embolism were initially successful but resulted in traumatic liver injury, hemorrhagic shock and subsequent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). (biomedcentral.com)
Animals were bled for 20 min (42% blood loss) and left in shock for 60 min before resuscitation with 0.3 ml intravenous bolus 7.5% NaCl ± ALM. (edu.au)
Abstract Introduction Fluid resuscitation is an indispensable procedure in the acute management of hemorrhagic shock for restoring tissue perfusion, particularly microcirculation in splanchnic organs. (figshare.com)
In this study, the effects of acute resuscitation with 0.9 % saline (NS), 3 % HTS, 4 % succinylated gelatin (GEL), and 6 % hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 were compared in a hemorrhagic shock rat model to analyze restoration of microcirculation among various splanchnic organs and the gracilis muscle and reperfusion-induced renal ROS formation. (figshare.com)
Methods A total of 96 male Wistar rats were subjected to sham operation (sham group), hemorrhagic shock (control group), and resuscitation with NS, HTS, GEL and HES. (figshare.com)
By comparison, fluid resuscitation restored hemorrhagic shock-induced hypotension and decreased lactatemia in all resuscitation groups. (figshare.com)
Conclusion Although fluid resuscitation with NS restored the MAP and decreased lactatemia following hemorrhagic shock, intestinal microcirculation was restored only by other volume expanders, namely 3 % HTS, GEL, and HES. (figshare.com)
Therefore, in the present study, we designed a trometamol-balanced solution (TBS) for use as a resuscitation fluid for hemorrhagic shock. (koreamed.org)

Hypovolemic shock, the most common type, results from a loss of circulating blood volume from clinical etiologies, such as penetrating and blunt trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding, and obstetrical bleeding. (medscape.com)
In the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic shock induced by trauma, operative accidents, traffic accidents, and earthquakes, the kidney is one of the organs, in which hypoperfusion initially occurs after hemorrhage because the sympathetic-adrenal medulla system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are activated. (hindawi.com)
Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is regarded as the leading cause of death in trauma patients [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
[ 1 ] Hemorrhagic shock is a leading cause of death among trauma patients. (medscape.com)
If penetrating trauma occurs in blood vessels close to the heart, it can quickly lead to hemorrhagic or hypovolemic shock, exsanguination, and death. (wikipedia.org)
Advanced trauma life support (ATLS) by the American College of Surgeons separates hemorrhagic shock into four categories. (wikipedia.org)
These findings suggest that peritoneal bacterial contamination should not be considered a contraindication to the use of HTS in the trauma setting associated with hemorrhagic shock. (mcmaster.ca)
A common metabolic output, typically associated with injury and hypoxia, results from trauma and hemorrhagic shock. (warwick.ac.uk)
Objectives Trauma-induced hemorrhagic shock is characterized by increased endothelial permeability and coagulopathy. (bmj.com)
The objective of this study was to assess whether the use of ddAVP results in improvement of both endothelial barrier function and platelet-based coagulation, thereby improving shock reversal and reduce organ failure in a rat model of trauma and transfusion. (bmj.com)
Conclusions The use of ddAVP in a rat trauma-transfusion model improved shock parameters and ROTEM parameters of clot formation. (bmj.com)
1 2 Patients in trauma-induced hemorrhagic shock show increased endothelial glycocalyx shedding, as well as a decreased integrity of the endothelial cell tight junctions. (bmj.com)
Both trauma groups showed signs of shock and organ injury (heart rate, MAP and lactate). (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of the present experiment was to establish a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock, multi-organ injury and musculoskeletal trauma with a prolonged observational period of 48 h. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, we compared two different severities of hemorrhagic shock to identify the most appropriate trauma intensity with respect to the occurrence of trauma-related organ failure. (biomedcentral.com)

it is estimated that each year 50 million infections occur, with 500 000 cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever and at least 12 000 deaths, mainly among children, although fatalities could be twice as high. (who.int)

Hypovolemic shock is divided into four subtypes (2): Hemorrhagic shock, resulting from acute hemorrhage without major soft tissue injury. (turningtooneanother.net)
Traumatic hemorrhagic shock, resulting from acute hemorrhage with soft tissue injury and, in addition, release of immune system activators. (turningtooneanother.net)
Active hemorrhage resulting in shock is one of the few evidence-based established indications for transfusion. (medscape.com)
17) Hemorrhagic manifestations, including gastrointestinal hemorrhage, were described during dengue epidemics in Texas and Louisiana in 1922. (cdc.gov)
Yorkshire swine were anesthetized and underwent a grade III liver injury with uncontrolled hemorrhage to induce hemorrhagic shock. (usuhs.edu)

Therefore, acute kidney injury (AKI) following hemorrhagic shock remains a serious problem. (hindawi.com)
Most frequently, clinical hemorrhagic shock is caused by an acute bleeding episode with a discrete precipitating event. (medscape.com)
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate (a) macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels in polytrauma patients and rats after haemorrhagic shock (HS), (b) the potential of the MIF inhibitor ISO-1 to reduce multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in acute (short-term and long-term follow-up) HS rat models and (c) whether treatment with ISO-1 attenuates NF-kappa B and NLRP3 activation in HS. (unito.it)
The complications of haemorrhagic shock can be both acute and delayed. (cprfirstaid.com.au)
A sudden, abrupt drop in blood pressure is a medical emergency that can lead to acute haemorrhagic shock. (cprfirstaid.com.au)
Traumatic injury/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) elicits an acute inflammatory response that may result in death. (bvsalud.org)

What is the classification of hypovolemic shock? (turningtooneanother.net)
This is called hemorrhagic or hypovolemic shock, which is a type of shock that occurs when there is not enough blood to reach organs in the body. (wikipedia.org)
Haemorrhagic shock occurs when there is significant blood loss from the body whereas, hypovolemic shock takes place when there is a decrease in the volume of blood or fluids in the body. (cprfirstaid.com.au)

Cerebral pontine infarction is a rare complication of hemorrhagic shock. (criticalcareshock.org)
Background: Hyperfibrinolysis is a common complication of hemorrhagic shock. (edu.au)

Once blood products are available, they are the best resuscitative fluid to use in hemorrhagic shock. (empendium.com)
Following identification of hemorrhagic shock, arterial blood pressure was supported by reducing the inhalant anesthetic requirement, positive inotropic support (IV dobutamine infusion), and IV fluid therapy. (veterinary33.com)
Object: This study sought to define hemorrhagic shock from blood pressure and heart rate and then to provide a treatment policy based on response to initial fluid therapy. (elsevierpure.com)
Initial fluid therapy was performed in patients with suspected hemorrhagic shock. (elsevierpure.com)
Fluids references Almost all circulatory shock states require large-volume IV fluid replacement, as does severe intravascular volume depletion (eg, due to diarrhea or heatstroke). (merckmanuals.com)
So blood clotting abnormalities occur and the patients go into shock because of all of the fluid loss that occurs, and that shock can be fatal. (cdc.gov)

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a variant presentation of dengue infection that occurs primarily in children 10 years living in areas where dengue is endemic. (msdmanuals.com)
Dengue hemorrhagic fever, which has also been called Philippine, Thai, or Southeast Asian hemorrhagic fever, frequently requires prior infection with the dengue virus. (msdmanuals.com)
Dengue hemorrhagic fever often begins with abrupt fever and headache and is initially indistinguishable from classic dengue. (msdmanuals.com)
a hemorrhagic fever virus. (prophecyhour.com)
Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) result from infection by any of four serotypes of dengue viruses. (cdc.gov)
Volume replacement was studied prospectively in 208 infants with dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). (tmu.edu.tw)
2.2 Transmission of haemorrhagic fever viruses. (who.int)
They are characterized by sudden onset, muscle and joint pain, fever, bleeding and shock from loss of blood. (who.int)
Valley fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and Ebola haemorrhagic fever. (who.int)
There are 14 distinct viruses associated with haemorrhagic fever in humans. (who.int)
People who suffer from dengue fever have no risk of death but some of them develop Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) or Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) . (denguevirusnet.com)
There are four distinct virus serotypes, each capable of producing a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms that characterize dengue fever, ranging from subclinical infection, to a debilitating but self-limiting illness with symptoms resembling influenza, to severe disease known as dengue haemorrhagic fever. (who.int)
Before 1970, only nine countries had experienced dengue haemorrhagic fever. (who.int)
1.2 million cases of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever were reported from 56 countries, was unprecedented. (who.int)
The resurgence of epidemic dengue fever and the emergence of dengue haemorrhagic fever as major public health problems are rooted in the demographic trends and socioeconomic policies of the twentieth century. (who.int)
Ted Pestorius] How's dengue different from dengue hemorrhagic fever, which so many of us have heard about? (cdc.gov)
Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a type of what's called severe dengue in which, after the usual symptoms of ordinary dengue appear, symptoms of leaky blood vessels and destruction of platelets occur. (cdc.gov)
And she actually had dengue hemorrhagic fever, which is one of the first indigenous cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever we've had in the United States in quite a while. (cdc.gov)
Between 50 and 100 million cases occur each year, including about 500,000 of the really severe hemorrhagic fever type, and the numbers continue to increase. (cdc.gov)

Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham, shock, and drainage groups. (hindawi.com)
A whole body thermal model simulating heat distribution and temperature regulation in rats during hemorrhagic shock and during post-shock microwave core rewarming period was developed. (njit.edu)
The temperature regulation as the result of the simulation is demonstrated to match the measured temperature histories of rats in hemorrhagic shock and the microwave rewarming experiment. (njit.edu)
METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to hemorrhagic shock and resuscitated with either lactated Ringer solution (RL) or HTS. (mcmaster.ca)
One unexplored topic is the additive effect(s) and the potential antiinflammatory properties of the combined blocking of P-selectin plus β 2 - integrin in the liver inflammatory response after uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in rats. (nebraska.edu)
Study Design: Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 64) weighing 250-300 g were included in a three-phase model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock. (nebraska.edu)
Conclusions: These results indicate that dual- blockade strategies aimed at P-selectin and β 2 -integrin provided a protective effect in the liver inflammatory response after uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock in rats. (nebraska.edu)
Results Rats receiving ddAVP showed significantly better shock reversal compared with controls. (bmj.com)
Methods: Rats were anesthetized and randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) baseline, (2) shock, (3) 7.5% NaCl controls, and (4) 7.5% NaCl ALM. (edu.au)

Clinical parameters have been widely used in patients with penetrating injuries, and 3 categories were found to be important: shock, hypothermia, coagulopathy. (nih.gov)

For a fuller review of the pathophysiology of septic shock, see Septic Shock . (medscape.com)

This work uses regulatory networks to examine the effect of carbohydrate pre-feeding on metabolic response to polytrauma and hemorrhagic shock in a clinically-relevant large animal model. (warwick.ac.uk)
An animal polytrauma model was developed, including trunk and extremity injuries combined with hemorrhagic shock and a prolonged post-traumatic phase. (biomedcentral.com)
The present data suggest that our model reflects the mortality and organ failure of polytrauma in humans during shock and the intensive care period. (biomedcentral.com)

Circulatory collapse and multiorgan failure, called dengue shock syndrome, may develop rapidly 2 to 6 days after onset. (msdmanuals.com)

Other diseases linked to internal bleeding include cancer, hematologic disease, Vitamin K deficiency, and rare viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as the Ebola, Dengue or Marburg viruses. (wikipedia.org)
The emergence of viral haemorrhagic fevers is a growing concern worldwide and in the Region, with social and environmental factors contributing to their wide spread in some countries. (who.int)
The Regional Committee is invited to discu ss regional and national action to prevent and control the spread of viral haemorrhagic feve rs. (who.int)
Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are among the important public health emergencies of international concern as defined by the International Health Regulations (2005). (who.int)
The Regional Office has identified strategic directions to prevent and control the spread of viral haemorrhagic fevers in the Region. (who.int)

Hemorrhagic shock is the leading cause of preventable death in patients with traumatic injury. (medscape.com)
posthemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph return is a major factor causing multiple-organ injury [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI) often occurs with systemic insults such as hemorrhagic shock (HS) and hypoxemic (HX). (quanterix.com)
This study examines rat models of penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI) and HX+HS to assess whether the blood levels of brain and systemic response biomarkers phosphorylated neurofilament-heavy protein (pNF-H), neurofilament-light protein (NF-L), αII-spectrin, heat shock protein (HSP70), and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) can distinguish pTBI from systemic insults and guide in pTBI diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. (quanterix.com)
Neurogenic shock, another form of distributive shock, usually results from a cervical or high thoracic spine injury (above T6) leading to the sudden loss of sympathetic tone. (medscape.com)
Background: Hemorrhagic shock results in systemic activation of the immune system and leads to ischemia-reperfusion injury. (usuhs.edu)
Conclusions: Lymphocyte manipulation with a depletional (PATG) strategy improves reperfusion survival in experimental hemorrhagic shock using a porcine liver injury model. (usuhs.edu)
This proof of principle study paves the way for further development of immunomodulation approaches to ameliorate secondary immune injury following hemorrhagic shock. (usuhs.edu)
A mean arterial pressure ≥80 mm Hg should be maintained in patients with combined hemorrhagic shock and severe traumatic brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8 [see Table 1.3-2 ]) in order to maintain cerebral perfusion pressures. (empendium.com)
Previous work has already stressed the important contribution of neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions in the organ injury seen after hemorrhagic shock. (nebraska.edu)
It is related to injury severity and is invariably present in hemorrhagic shock. (bmj.com)

Distributive shock occurs when there is inappropriate peripheral vasodilation leading to hypoperfusion of vital organs. (medscape.com)
The haemorrhagic shock takes place when a sudden drop in blood pressure occurs due to severe blood loss. (cprfirstaid.com.au)
Delayed haemorrhagic shock is a type of shock that occurs when bleeding continues after initial treatment. (cprfirstaid.com.au)

Hemorrhagic shock is a condition of reduced tissue perfusion, resulting in the inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients that are necessary for cellular function. (medscape.com)
Shock is a state of inadequate perfusion, which does not sustain the physiologic needs of organ tissues. (medscape.com)
In hemorrhagic shock, blood loss exceeds the body's ability to compensate and provide adequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation. (medscape.com)

Many conditions, including blood loss but also including nonhemorrhagic states such as dehydration, sepsis, impaired autoregulation, obstruction, decreased myocardial function, and loss of autonomic tone, may produce shock or shocklike states. (medscape.com)

Failure of compensatory mechanisms in hemorrhagic shock can lead to death. (medscape.com)
This case report demonstrates the physiologic compensatory response to hemorrhagic shock and the treatment to stabilize cardiovascular parameters in an anesthetized cow. (veterinary33.com)

It is important to identify shock quickly because early diagnosis gives the best chance of recovery. (medscape.com)

Shock is associated with inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction. (uludag.edu.tr)
The aim of this study was to determine time-dependent alteration of blood biomarkers related to endothelial function in hemorrhagic and septic shocks. (uludag.edu.tr)

On a multicellular level, the definition of shock becomes more difficult because not all tissues and organs will experience the same amount of oxygen imbalance for a given clinical disturbance. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, this study aimed to (1) clarify the significance of posthemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph in the pathogenesis of AKI and (2) provide a convictive theoretical and experimental evidence for the clinical interference of severe shock. (hindawi.com)
Clinical review: hemorrhagic shock. (medscape.com)
Without proper hospital care, the latter can lead to clinical shock and death in less than 24 hours. (who.int)

[ 1 ] In 2016, the Society for Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (EISCM) published new definitions for sepsis and septic shock, according to which sepsis was defined as a "dysregulated host immune response to infection" and septic shock as "a subset of sepsis in which underlying circulatory and cellular/metabolic abnormalities are profound enough to substantially increase mortality. (medscape.com)
Executive Summary: Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for the Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021. (empendium.com)

the levels of urea, creatinine, and trypsin in the plasma as well as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), malondialdehyde (MDA), lactic acid (LA), and 2,3-DPG in the renal tissue were increased in the shock group after 3 h of hypotension. (hindawi.com)

Background Hemorrhagic shock may be the main reason behind morbidity and mortality in the rigorous care models in patients beneath the age of 35. (woofahs.com)
Patients with DSS had significantly higher proportional requirements for dextran and blood transfusions than non-shock infants. (tmu.edu.tw)

Less common causes of neurogenic shock include spinal anesthesia, transverse myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome , and autonomic nervous system toxins. (medscape.com)

Shock is a life-threatening condition that results in a mismatch between oxygen supply and demand, leading to end-organ ischemia. (medscape.com)
Lymphocyte depletion in the setting of hemorrhagic shock also significantly decreased circulating and lung tissue infiltrating neutrophils, and decreased expression of liver ischemia gene expression. (usuhs.edu)

Septic shock, a form of distributive shock, is the most common type of shock observed in the ICU. (medscape.com)

14,18,19) Nevertheless through the first half of the 20th century, dengue was generally described as a self-limited, nonfatal febrile illness, with occasional hemorrhagic manifestations such as petechiae, epistaxis, gingival bleeding and menorrhagia, that only rarely resulted in more severe or fatal outcomes. (cdc.gov)

The mainstay of treatment is timely supportive therapy to tackle shock due to hemoconcentration and bleeding. (denguevirusnet.com)

Rabbits which had been pretreated with thorotrast and then subjected to hemorrhagic shock displayed at death the hemorrhagic lesions and the renal cortical necrosis characteristic of the Shwartzman reaction, in addition to the intramural hemorrhages in the gut which are characteristic of animals dying of hemorrhagic or of endotoxic shock. (silverchair.com)

Because these cells are central to the innate response to bacteria, we hypothesized that hypertonic treatment for hemorrhagic shock might alter the host response to bacterial contamination of the peritoneal cavity and therefore render the host more susceptible to invasive infection. (mcmaster.ca)

Without intervention, a classic trimodal distribution of deaths is seen in severe hemorrhagic shock. (medscape.com)
About 30% of the deaths could be related to hemorrhagic surprise [1]. (woofahs.com)

Cardiogenic shock is shock that is due to cardiac pump failure. (medscape.com)

Hemorrhagic shock is tolerated differently, depending on the preexisting physiologic state and, to some extent, the age of the patient. (medscape.com)

In spite of widespread use, data supporting specific practice paradigms for whole blood and component therapy transfusion are lacking, the notable exception being in the primary treatment of hemorrhagic shock. (medscape.com)
different types of shock require different forms of expeditious treatment. (medscape.com)
Whether PBX1 is beneficial to MSCs in the treatment of haemorrhagic shock (HS)-induced kidney damage is unknown. (bvsalud.org)
Severe internal bleeding into the chest, abdomen, retroperitoneal space, pelvis, and thighs can cause hemorrhagic shock or death if proper medical treatment is not received quickly. (wikipedia.org)
Dexamethasone has been shown to be beneficial when used in the early treatment of shock, but it may not influence overall survival. (who.int)
There are steps that can be taken to help prevent haemorrhagic shock from happening, and early recognition and treatment are vital for the best possible outcome. (cprfirstaid.com.au)

i.e . endotoxic shock, the Shwartzman reaction, and death. (silverchair.com)
They did, however, develop endotoxic shock and die if given a large dose of thorotrast. (silverchair.com)
The absence of endotoxic shock in the coliform-free rabbits is taken to signify that the endotoxins of the coliform bacteria are involved in the shock and death of the coliform-bearing rabbits. (silverchair.com)
Finally the prevention by dibenamine of both the Shwartzman reaction and endotoxic shock and death in rabbits with a normal flora demonstrates that adrenergic activity plays an indispensable role in both phenomena. (silverchair.com)

Hemorrhagic shock is caused by the loss of both circulating blood volume and oxygen-carrying capacity. (medscape.com)
Less commonly, hemorrhagic shock may be seen in chronic conditions with subacute blood loss. (medscape.com)
Hemorrhagic shock occurred during surgery, with a rapid, approximately 60% decrease in arterial blood pressure, and reflex tachycardia with a two-fold increase in heart rate. (veterinary33.com)
Shock is a potentially life-threatening condition in cases when the body is not getting enough blood flow. (cprfirstaid.com.au)

Hemorrhagic surprise caused by the increased loss of circulatory quantity impairs adequate air delivery to ischemic cells and reduces oxidative phosphorylation, that leads to a reduction in intracellular storage space of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) [2C4]. (woofahs.com)

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