• Sex characteristics is defined as: UNDERSTANDING 'sex characteristics' as each person's physical features relating to sex, including genitalia and other sexual and reproductive anatomy, chromosomes, hormones, and secondary physical features emerging from puberty. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a baby grows inside the womb, male or female genitals develop depending on the sex chromosomes the baby has from the parents (XY for male, XX for female). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sex chromosomes evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of chromosomes. (nature.com)
  • The dominant model of sex chromosome evolution posits that recombination is suppressed between emerging X and Y chromosomes in order to resolve sexual conflict. (nature.com)
  • Sex chromosomes are typically thought to evolve as recombination is halted between a homologous pair of chromosomes in one sex. (nature.com)
  • The sex chromosomes of the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ) have been of interest for more than a century, following early reports that many sexually selected colour traits are passed through the patriline on the Y chromosome 8 , 9 . (nature.com)
  • Even though the guppy sex chromosomes are a classic model for the study of sexual conflict and sex chromosome divergence, little is actually known about the pattern of divergence between the X and Y chromosomes. (nature.com)
  • Someone with two X chromosomes is usually biologically female with a female gender identity. (thetech.org)
  • Biological sex isn't really determined by chromosomes. (thetech.org)
  • Females have a pair of X chromosomes (XX) while males have 1 X and 1 Y chromosome (XY). (poodleclubofamerica.org)
  • Sex refers to biological characteristics (such as genitals, chromosomes, and hormones) used to categorize a person as male or female sex. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, it remains unclear whether in the US population circulating concentrations of sex steroid hormones vary by race/ethnicity. (cdc.gov)
  • The estrous cycle comprises the recurring physiologic changes that are induced by reproductive hormones in most mammalian placental females. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • sex hormones. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Their presence in both vertebrates and insects suggests that estrogenic sex hormones have an ancient evolutionary history. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Hormone replacement therapy for transgender and transsexual people changes the balance of sex hormones in their bodies. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Widening of the hip bones occurs as part of the female pubertal process, [7] and estrogens (the predominant sex hormones in females) cause a widening of the pelvis as a part of sexual differentiation . (wikipedia.org)
  • [11] Males and females generally have the same hormones, but blood concentrations and site sensitivity differs between males and females. (wikipedia.org)
  • The use of female sex hormones, both estrogens and progestogens, during early pregnancy may seriously damage the offspring. (rxlist.com)
  • Several reports suggest an association between intrauterine exposure to female sex hormones and congenital anomalies, including congenital heart defects and limb reduction defects. (rxlist.com)
  • 13-16 One case control study 16 estimated a 4.7 fold increased risk of limb reduction defects in infants exposed in utero to sex hormones (oral contraceptives, hormone withdrawal tests for pregnancy, or attempted treatment for threatened abortion). (rxlist.com)
  • This chapter describes the different parts of the female reproductive system: the organs involved in the process of reproduction, hormones that regulate a woman's body, the menstrual cycle, ovulation and pregnancy, the female's role in genetic division, birth control, sexually transmitted diseases and other diseases and disorders. (wikibooks.org)
  • And both systems experience maturation of their reproductive organs, which become functional during puberty as a result of the gonads secreting sex hormones. (wikibooks.org)
  • Androgen insensitivity syndrome is one of the conditions that are described as differences of sex development (DSD). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sex Differences in Poststroke Cognitive Impairment Does occurrence and characteristics of poststroke cognitive impairment differ between men and women? (medscape.com)
  • Significant sex differences existed in elderly peoples' nutritional knowledge, consumption of fluids, milk and sweets, use of dietary regimens and experience of appetite change. (who.int)
  • Furthermore, ideological differences might be less important to the sex education debates than the distinction between pragmatic and absolutist perspectives. (guttmacher.org)
  • The early women's movement fought for equal social-political rights and respected the differences between the sexes. (wnd.com)
  • Wollstonecraft represented a feminism that not only respected modesty and respect for the biological differences between the sexes, but suggested that women should actively work for men to become more modest too. (wnd.com)
  • The early movement demonstrated profound respect for the biological differences between the sexes, hoping to create equality by raising men to "higher moral standards. (wnd.com)
  • What does she think the characteristic differences between the sexes are? (randomhouse.com)
  • The reproductive systems of the male and female have some basic similarities and some specialized differences. (wikibooks.org)
  • The differences between the female and male reproductive systems are based on the functions of each individual's role in the reproduction cycle. (wikibooks.org)
  • The April 2018 regulations target women athletes with some intersex variations, sometimes called "differences of sex development" (or "DSD"), that cause higher than typical natural testosterone levels. (hrw.org)
  • The regulations, the Eligibility Regulations for the Female Classification (Athlete with Differences of Sexual Development), require women who have a naturally occurring blood testosterone level higher than five nmol/L to undergo medically unnecessary hormone therapy to reduce their testosterone levels if they want to qualify to compete in the female category. (hrw.org)
  • On March 22, 2019, the United Nations Human Rights Council passed a resolution noting that the IAAF regulations "are not compatible with international human rights norms and standards, including the rights of women with differences of sex development" and expressing concern at "the absence of legitimate and justifiable evidence for the regulations. (hrw.org)
  • 100% condom usage in past 3 months for vaginal and/or anal sex excluding condom breaks or slippage. (bmj.com)
  • In the Issue Paper, the Council's Commissioner for Human Rights recommended that Member States of the Council of Europe protect intersex citizens on grounds of "sex characteristics", or otherwise protect intersex persons on grounds of sex or gender: National equal treatment and hate crime legislation should be reviewed to ensure that it protects intersex people. (wikipedia.org)
  • page 9) In 2015, the United Nations published a fact sheet using the term sex characteristics to define intersex: Intersex people are born with sex characteristics (including genitals, gonads and chromosome patterns) that do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some intersex people also receive HRT, either starting in childhood to confirm the sex to which they were assigned, or later, if this assignment has proven to be incorrect. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • EEMT (esterified estrogens and methyltestosterone) is a combination of the female hormone estrogen and the male hormone testosterone used to treat moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause in those patients not improved by estrogens alone. (rxlist.com)
  • Three independent case control studies have reported an increased risk of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women exposed to exogenous estrogens for prolonged periods. (rxlist.com)
  • Close clinical surveillance of all women taking estrogens is important. (rxlist.com)
  • the external sex organs are also commonly referred to as the genitalia or genitals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Describe the process of an erection in the female reproductive organs. (quizlet.com)
  • They are the same in that most of the reproductive organs of both sexes develop from similar embryonic tissue, meaning they are homologous. (wikibooks.org)
  • Both systems have gonads that produce (sperm and egg or ovum) and sex organs. (wikibooks.org)
  • Cross-sectional diagram of the female reproductive organs. (wikibooks.org)
  • In short, this is a known list of sex organs that evolve from the same tissues in a human life. (wikibooks.org)
  • In law, sex characteristic refers to an attribute defined for the purposes of protecting individuals from discrimination due to their sexual features. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sex" refers to the biological or physical characteristics of a person. (thetech.org)
  • Sex" refers to the physical characteristics that differentiate male, female, and intersex bodies. (healthline.com)
  • Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of dental caries in the Kosovar adult population in relation to their sex, age, and place of residence (urban or rural). (hindawi.com)
  • Multiple national studies have examined prevalence of menthol cigarettes and reported a high prevalence of menthol cigarette smoking among adults, including the highest prevalence of use among younger adults, 13-16 women 16 , 17 and African-Americans. (bmj.com)
  • Female sex workers are far more likely to be infected with syphilis than people in the general population ( 2 ), around 15 countries reported more than 5% prevalence of syphilis in the female sex workers worldwide ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between SSS and long-term smoking abstinence among 421 racially/ethnically diverse smokers undergoing a specific quit attempt, as well as the interactive effects of race/ethnicity and sex. (cdc.gov)
  • The statistical significance of this relationship, however, did not vary by race/ethnicity or sex. (cdc.gov)
  • Participant characteristics including sex, age, and race/ethnicity were assessed. (bvsalud.org)
  • The pathophysiological link between adiposity and blood pressure is not completely understood, and evidence suggests an influence of sex and genetic determinants. (lu.se)
  • We aim to examine SST experience and its determinants among female sex workers in China. (frontiersin.org)
  • It has been proposed that racial/ethnic variation in prostate cancer incidence may be, in part, due to racial/ethnic variation in sex steroid hormone levels. (cdc.gov)
  • To address this, concentrations of testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, androstanediol glucuronide (a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone) and estradiol were measured in stored serum specimens from men selected for the 1/3 subsample where organochlorine pesticide levels were determined. (cdc.gov)
  • Most of the circulating testosterone is bound to carrier proteins (SHBG = sex hormone-binding globulin). (cdc.gov)
  • Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is the blood transport protein for testosterone and estradiol. (cdc.gov)
  • The reason we do this is because males have testosterone, a hormone linked to hostility, and a man must only show what characteristics are defined as being masculine. (ostatic.com)
  • In scrutinizing and excluding women competitors based on their natural hormone levels, the IAAF regulations stigmatize, stereotype, and discriminate against all women. (hrw.org)
  • If women refuse to be tested or to undergo hormone therapy, the regulations state that they may only compete in the male category or in a hypothetical, not-yet-created intersex category - both of which would expose women's private characteristics to the global public. (hrw.org)
  • Clinicians can encounter sex and gender disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic responses. (nih.gov)
  • As a result, the person has some of the physical traits of a female, but the genetic makeup of a male. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Infants with PAIS may have male traits, female traits, or both. (medlineplus.gov)
  • PAIS is often discovered during childhood because the person may have both male and female physical traits. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Women are characterized to have all feminine traits that are considered to be weak and nurturing, while men are given a list of masculine qualities and are told to be strong, powerful and the protectors.Throughout history women have taken on the role of housewife, mother and nurturer. (ostatic.com)
  • Intersex traits or variations are naturally occurring sex characteristics that vary from social norms of what is considered "female" or "male. (hrw.org)
  • Prehypertension (preHTN) and hypertension (HTN) are modifiable risk factors that could lead to mortality by coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke in populations of both sexes [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The study further explored the data to determine whether there were any age-sex cause-specific mortality patterns for the five major causes of death identified within the adult age group and if there was any kind of socioeconomic or regional disparity in the causes of death among the adult population. (eurekalert.org)
  • Age- and gender-adjusted mortality rates of 34,796 male and 2,017 female Florida professional firefighters between 1972 and 1999 were compared with the Florida general population. (cdc.gov)
  • The thyroid cancer and breast cancer risk in males, as well as the excess risk of cardiovascular disease mortality noted in females warrant further investigation. (cdc.gov)
  • Participants completed a survey including socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, and SST history. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Act was later followed by a report by the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe that recognized that sex characteristics are distinct from a person's sexual orientation and gender identity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Risk and vulnerability cannot be erased from a young person's narrative, however prevention and intervention initiatives for sex trafficking should also focus on fostering youths' resiliency by providing programs and services aimed at meeting their needs for love, belonging, and connection" (p. 16). (youthrex.com)
  • A person's gender identity may be different from the sex they were assigned at birth. (healthline.com)
  • People with PAIS may have both male and female physical characteristics ( ambiguous genitalia ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • a person anatomically of one sex but having a strong desire to adopt the physical characteristics and role of a member of the opposite sex. (absp.org.uk)
  • Women are encouraged to like making things and to be good at art and music, all the non-physical activities. (ostatic.com)
  • 1-6 Despite such support, much of the sex education provided by American schools is minimal and fragmented, with essential topics often omitted or inaccurately presented, especially those related to methods of contraception and STD protection for sexually active youth. (guttmacher.org)
  • Pham et al women for cervical cancer by 35 years of age and METHODS treat 90% of those diagnosed. (who.int)
  • At the same time, interventions should take into account age-sex or socioeconomic characteristics. (eurekalert.org)
  • These people often have both male and female characteristics, and may not fit the typical definition of either. (thetech.org)
  • Both males and females make testosterone, but adult males usually have more than forty times the amount that females do! (thetech.org)
  • Orthodox Judaism is also very restrictive about interaction between males and females. (blogspot.com)
  • Three of the papers reported investigations of website content of FGCS providers, a fourth compared motivations for labiaplasty publicised on provider websites with those disclosed by women in online communities, and the fifth analysed visual depictions of female genitalia in online pornography. (researchgate.net)
  • In 2018, the average life expectancy in Africa was 61 years for men and 64 years for women, while the average global life expectancy was 70 years for men and 74 years for women. (eurekalert.org)
  • They fight the very biological characteristics of their own sex. (wnd.com)
  • The phrase "comprehensive sex education" is commonly used in policy debates and by the media to distinguish approaches that cover contraception and protection from those that strategically omit these topics. (guttmacher.org)
  • The associations of BMI and WC with mean arterial pressure were independent of age, sex, lifestyle, and metabolic variables (standardized regression coefficient=0.17 and 0.18 for BMI and WC, respectively) and showed a significant interaction with the ACE genotype only in women (P=0.03). (lu.se)
  • Fat mass explained a significant amount of variation in RMR in women (r(2) 0.28, P=0.0038), but not in men (r(2) 0.03, P=0.3301). (nih.gov)
  • Nevertheless, they expressed "serious concerns as to the future practical application" of the regulations, regarding how IAAF would assess individual athlete's compliance with the regulations, recognizing the questionable evidence of actual significant athletic advantage for women athletes with higher than typical natural testosterone in certain events, and flagging the issue of possible side effects of hormonal treatment on these athletes. (hrw.org)
  • MetS was found in 115 (33.6%) participants, with no significant difference between the sexes. (who.int)
  • Eighty-nine percent of the men and 66% of the women engaged in farming or did so in the past. (cdc.gov)
  • A ran- recent years, large household surveys have shown dom sample of about 10% of the areas was re- that in middle age, more than one third of men surveyed independently, generally with consistent and a few percent of women smoke tobacco and results. (who.int)
  • Percent of adults 18 years of age and over who were overweight, by selected characteristics: United States, average annual, 1997-98. (cdc.gov)
  • Understanding this issue is important for creating interventions, policies, and preventative strategies needed to train Children's Aid Services (CAS) workers, law enforcement, youth workers, and other stakeholders in combating and preventing sex trafficking - as well as to highlight the gaps in a system that results in the ongoing abuse and neglect of youth. (youthrex.com)
  • This study assesses sex education preferences among California parents-a critical and understudied population of potentially influential stakeholders. (guttmacher.org)
  • The regulations reinforce negative stereotypes and stigma that women in the targeted category are not women-and that they either need to be 'fixed' through medically unnecessary treatment with negative health impacts-or compete with men, or compete in 'any applicable intersex or similar classification', which can call into question their very definition of self. (hrw.org)
  • Relationships between sex-role stereotypes and requesite management characteristics among female managers. (bvsalud.org)
  • A low resting metabolic rate (RMR) has been proposed as a possible cause for the increased body fat commonly seen in women compared with men. (nih.gov)
  • According to statistics from women's advocacy groups published in the local press, between 100 and 200 women die each year from domestic violence. (state.gov)
  • These results provide empirical support for longstanding models of sex chromosome catalysis, and suggest an important role for sexual selection and sexual conflict in genome evolution. (nature.com)
  • Although we have a detailed understanding of the evolutionary consequences of the loss of recombination for sex chromosome evolution 1 , 2 , we still do not understand the evolutionary forces acting to halt recombination in the first place. (nature.com)
  • The dominant theoretical model for the early stages of sex chromosome evolution 3 , 4 , 5 predicts that recombination will be selected against in the region between a sex determining gene and a nearby locus with alleles of sex-specific effect. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, in this system, current models of sex chromosome evolution predict that recombination would be selected against between the sex determining locus and linked loci involved in colouration. (nature.com)
  • There is more to being a male than having an X and a Y chromosome, and more to being a female than having two X's. (thetech.org)
  • For the first part of the sex verification test, they will probably check for a Y chromosome. (thetech.org)
  • What if the athlete has a Y chromosome, typical female levels of testosterone, and is female on the outside? (thetech.org)
  • The Capricorn man and the Pisces woman are known to be a great combination in love and in relationships. (hernorm.com)
  • The Capricorn man has strengths where the Pisces woman has weaknesses and the Pisces woman has strength where this man has weaknesses, meaning that they perfectly complement each other in their relationships together. (hernorm.com)
  • When in relationships with other star signs, the Capricorn man can lack the intimacy and emotional connection that he finds with the Pisces woman, they are truly perfect for each other. (hernorm.com)
  • of, relating to, or involving social relationships between persons of the same sex and esp between men. (absp.org.uk)
  • The main effects and moderated relationships of SSS on biochemically-confirmed, continuous smoking abstinence through 26 weeks post-quit were examined using continuation ratio logit models adjusted for sociodemographics and smoking characteristics. (cdc.gov)
  • At puberty, female sex characteristics (such as breasts) develop. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Estrous cycles start after puberty in sexually mature females and are interrupted by anestrous phases or pregnancies. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • During puberty , differentiation of the male and female body occurs for the purpose of reproduction . (wikipedia.org)
  • When a young woman reaches puberty around age 10 to 13, a promary oocyte is discharged from one of the ovaries every 28 days. (wikibooks.org)
  • Conclusions: Further research is needed to contribute to knowledge of the role played by the internet in the promotion and normalisation of female genital cosmetic surgery. (researchgate.net)
  • At the same time, widespread support for including information on contraception and STD protection in sex education curricula has been documented among American adults, voters, parents, students, teachers and health professionals, nationally and in diverse regions of the country. (guttmacher.org)
  • The objective of this study is to evaluate emergent anthropometric indices as predictors of preHTN and HTN according to age and sex in a sample of Mexican adults. (hindawi.com)
  • The study results show that HIV/AIDS indeed also remains the leading cause of death among Zambian adults in the age group 15 to 59 years, with higher proportions among women than men. (eurekalert.org)
  • How does this affect her interactions and dealings with both men and women? (randomhouse.com)
  • Interactions between men and women who are not related to one another are tightly regulated, if not prohibited. (blogspot.com)
  • Content analysis helps researchers identify the characteristics of the messages and understand how the messages may influence public health (20). (cdc.gov)
  • That's just a fancy way of saying that there are some people whose bodies are female in some ways and male in other ways. (thetech.org)
  • Women with intersex variations have the same right to dignity and control over their bodies as other women, and it's deeply disappointing to see CAS uphold regulations that run afoul of international human rights standards," said Liesl Gerntholtz , deputy executive director for program at Human Rights Watch. (hrw.org)
  • We used logistic regression to estimate associations between no use of tobacco in the previous 30 days (30-day quit) at 7-month follow-up and demographic characteristics, health conditions, tobacco use, and cessation strategies. (cdc.gov)
  • The high levels of support for comprehensive sex education across California's diverse regions and demographic subgroups suggest that such support may be generalizable to communities and school districts both in California and around the country. (guttmacher.org)
  • Among selected demographic groups, the number of persons in whom HIV infection was the initial diagnosis during 1995 compared with 1996 declined 3% among men (from 10,762 to 10,395) but increased 3% among women (from 4126 to 4253). (cdc.gov)
  • Demographic characteristics included age, among Palestinians of East Jerusalem from sex, marital status and occupation. (who.int)
  • We aimed to identify the relationship between adiposity and blood pressure, independent of a robust set of lifestyle and metabolic factors, and to examine the modulating role of sex and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms. (lu.se)
  • Is resting metabolic rate different between men and women? (nih.gov)
  • When you call a woman… a birthing person, you are forcing people to view them through the lens of their reproductive value. (iwf.org)
  • In the human reproductive process, two kinds of sex cells ( gametes), are involved: the male gamete (sperm), and the female gamete (egg or ovum). (wikibooks.org)
  • In physiological concentrations, androgens have no specific effects in women. (cdc.gov)
  • In women, small quantities of testosterone are formed in the ovaries. (cdc.gov)
  • Increased production of testosterone in women can cause virilization (depending on the increase). (cdc.gov)
  • The determination of testosterone in women is helpful in the diagnosis of androgenic syndrome (AGS), polycystic ovaries (Stein-Leventhal syndrome) and when an ovarian tumor, adrenal tumor, adrenal hyperplasia or ovarian insufficiency is suspected. (cdc.gov)
  • So if the female athlete has high levels of testosterone, then that will not align with what we typically expect from someone who is biologically female. (thetech.org)
  • What if there is no Y, lots of testosterone, and mostly female body parts? (thetech.org)
  • Because females have around 1/4 the amount of testosterone of a male, the testosterone-dependent features do not develop to the same extent. (wikipedia.org)
  • Males produce primarily testosterone with small amounts of estrogen and progesterone, while women produce primarily estrogen and progesterone and small amounts of testosterone. (wikipedia.org)
  • The regulations, issued by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), require women athletes, like Semenya, with higher than typical natural testosterone levels to have unnecessary medical interventions if they wish to compete. (hrw.org)
  • The regulations deny these women the right to participate in the female category for running events between 400 meters and the mile unless they submit to invasive testing and medical intervention to reduce their testosterone levels. (hrw.org)
  • There is no clear scientific consensus that women with intersex variations who have higher than typical natural testosterone have a performance advantage in athletics. (hrw.org)
  • A 5 cm larger WC at baseline increased the risk of developing hypertension at follow-up only in women (odds ratio, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.15-2.10], P=0.004) and in II genotype carriers (odds ratio, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.09-3.20], P=0.023). (lu.se)
  • Ongoing and sometimes rancorous policy debates at the federal, state and local school district levels focus on the relative merits of sex education that teaches abstinenceonly until marriage versus approaches that include instruction on contraception and protection against STDs for students who do become sexually active. (guttmacher.org)
  • Sexually, women are more open-minded. (goldsea.com)
  • Logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristics curve analyses were used to assess the association and the predictive value of several emergent anthropometric indices with the presence of preHTN and HTN. (hindawi.com)
  • It was a full frontal attack on the traditional role of a woman as part of a family nucleus, an attack on her femininity and on the woman-qualities that characterizes her biologically: She was to dislike even her childbearing ability, her femininity, the very curves of her body, her abilities to form future citizens as a mother. (wnd.com)
  • Women typically have wider hips than shoulders, while the reverse is true for men. (wikipedia.org)
  • A venue-based, cross-sectional study of female sex workers was conducted in eight Chinese cities in 2019. (frontiersin.org)
  • For the first quarter of the year, the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women reported that there were 260 logged cases of violence against women, down from 1,734 cases in 2019. (state.gov)
  • These shelters assisted with 300 cases of violence against women during 2019. (state.gov)
  • The hypertensive effect of adiposity is more pronounced in women and in people carrying the II variant of the ACE genotype, a marker of salt sensitivity. (lu.se)
  • a masculine woman. (absp.org.uk)
  • In the western culture we tend to associate people with being masculine or feminine and if we cross over the boundaries set up for our sex then we are going against the norm. (ostatic.com)
  • Women are viewed as being the lesser sex.From birth men are surrounded by masculine images. (ostatic.com)
  • If Cardassians are lizards, then why do their women have mammalian breasts? (overthinkingit.com)
  • Cardassians who are sexual interested in females do not pay much attention to their breasts. (overthinkingit.com)