AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
AzotemiaUremiaBlood Urea NitrogenAcute Kidney InjuryHypoaldosteronismKidney Tubular Necrosis, AcuteCreatinineKidneyNephrectomyProteinuriaKidney Failure, ChronicKidney DiseasesSpironolactoneSarcoma, Endometrial StromalHydrochlorothiazideAdenomaLeydig Cell TumorAdenoma, Liver CellLeydig Cells
Post-renal azotemiaUremiaPrerenal azotemiaOliguriaPostrenalUreaUrineHepatic impairmentBloodstreamManifestationsAcuteDehydrationSymptomsObstructionPatientsHypertensionImpairmentMild to severeSepsisHypotensionAnemiaHyponatremiaMuscle weaknessInitiallyInterstitialProgressiveHighInferiorLiver diseaseLeadSimilarTreatmentSignsDrugsCasesGreater
Post-renal azotemia2
Uremia6
Prerenal azotemia6
  • citation needed] Prerenal azotemia can be caused by decreased blood flow through the kidneys (e.g. low blood pressure, congestive heart failure, shock, bleeding, dehydration) or by increased production of urea in the liver via a high protein diet or increased protein catabolism (e.g. stress, fever, major illness, corticosteroid therapy, or gastrointestinal bleeding). (wikipedia.org)
  • The BUN : Cr in prerenal azotemia is greater than 20. (sabiocualquierconsejo.com)
  • Fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) is used to differentiate renal from prerenal azotemia. (springeropen.com)
  • Comparison between FENa and FEurea in differentiating renal from prerenal azotemia complicating circulatory shock, and the effect of diuretics on their handling. (springeropen.com)
  • All patients were divided into 26 pts (mean: 60.0 ± 15.15 years) with prerenal azotemia (group-1) and 14 pts (mean: 56.29 ± 19.5 years) with renal azotemia (group-2). (springeropen.com)
  • FEurea is more sensitive, specific and less affected by the use of diuretics than FENa in differentiating renal from prerenal azotemia in patients with AKI complicating circulatory shock. (springeropen.com)
Oliguria3
  • Treatment must be discontinued in case of progressive kidney disease with increased azotemia and oliguria. (burnet.com.ar)
  • May be associated with oliguria, progressive azotaemia, and acute renal failure (rare). (tabletshablet.com)
  • If increasing azotaemia and oliguria occur during treatment of severe progressive renal disease. (eatdrinklivewell.com)
Postrenal4
  • Many individuals affected with prerenal and postrenal forms of Azotemia manage to recover with drugs that reduce swelling, regulate blood pressure and open narrowed blood vessels. (sabiocualquierconsejo.com)
  • Postrenal azotemia is a condition characterized by an excessive level of nitrogen -containing waste products in the bloodstream (azotemia) due to obstruction of the urinary tract . (osmosis.org)
  • Postrenal azotemia can be caused by congenital abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux , blockage of the ureters by kidney stones , pregnancy, compression of the ureters by cancer, prostatic hyperplasia , or blockage of the urethra by kidney or bladder stones. (osmosis.org)
  • Postrenal azotemia can lead to kidney failure if left untreated. (osmosis.org)
Urea10
  • Azotemia is an elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels. (medscape.com)
  • Azotemia is a similar, less severe condition with high levels of urea, where the abnormality can be measured chemically but is not yet so severe as to produce symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • First two definitions: azotaemia is referred to as the biochemical signs of a low GFR (i.e., increased plasma creatinine, urea, etc), whereas uraemia is defined as the clinical syndrome accompanying the accumulation of these substances (acute or chronic). (vin.com)
  • Generalmente se evalúa a través de la determinación de la concentración de urea y creatinina en suero o plasma. (sabiocualquierconsejo.com)
  • Cuando los desechos nitrogenados, como la creatinina y la urea, se acumulan en el cuerpo, la afección se conoce como azotemia. (sabiocualquierconsejo.com)
  • Cómo se ve afectado el nivel de urea en la insuficiencia renal? (sabiocualquierconsejo.com)
  • De forma habitual, los riñones filtran la urea, pero cuando no funcionan bien, la cantidad de urea filtrada disminuye y aumenta en sangre, lo cual puede producir malestar digestivo (náuseas, vómitos), y si los niveles son muy altos, puede haber alteración del nivel de conciencia. (sabiocualquierconsejo.com)
  • In azotemia, levels of urea are also elevated, but not elevated enough to cause clinical signs. (stdwatch.com)
  • Azotemia is the elevation of urea and creatinine in the blood. (nclextestpro.com)
  • Nebistar-SA Tablet is not recommended in the presence of kidney disease as it can increase the risk of azotemia (an elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels). (practo.com)
Urine2
  • Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Acute kidney injury is a rapid decrease in renal function over days to weeks, causing an accumulation of nitrogenous products in the blood (azotemia) with or without reduction in amount of urine. (merckmanuals.com)
  • This involves blood sampling and urine collection to determine how severe the problem is. (cinqueportsvets.co.uk)
Hepatic impairment1
  • There is no clinical experience in patients with severe hepatic impairment. (medicines.org.uk)
Bloodstream2
  • The majority of patients can be treated on an outpatient basis, but if your dog is showing signs of severe nitrogenous waste in the bloodstream (azotemia), high blood pressure (hypertension), or blocked vessels due to clotting (thromboembolic disease), it should be hospitalized. (petmd.com)
  • The definition of azotemia is having an unusually high amount of nitrogen waste product in your bloodstream. (sabiocualquierconsejo.com)
Manifestations2
  • There is a continuum of clinical manifestations from SIRS to sepsis to severe sepsis to septic shock to Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS). (atsu.edu)
  • All 45 patients had one or more manifestations of severe malaria such as cerebral malaria (n = 18), renal failure requiring hemodialysis (n = 9), azotemia (n = 8), jaundice (n = 25), or hyperparasitemia (n = 30). (ajtmh.org)
Acute5
  • Adrenal crisis (onset of severe symptoms) may be precipitated by acute infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If persistent azotemia is present, continued monitoring is recommended as this could be an indicatory of inadequate fluid therapy, acute kidney injury, or underlying chronic kidney disease. (medvet.com)
  • Interstitial nephritis can cause mild to severe kidney problems, including acute kidney failure . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Limiting protein in the diet can help control the buildup of waste products in the blood ( azotemia ), which can lead to symptoms of acute kidney failure. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Acute interstitial nephritis may be more severe and more likely to lead to long-term or permanent kidney damage in older people. (medlineplus.gov)
Dehydration2
  • Fever, artromyalgia, severe dehydration, renal failure, and mental confusion developed 3 days after his arrival, and he was admitted to Hospital Paolo Giaccone. (cdc.gov)
  • Within 18 to 30 hours, severe and debilitating dehydration develops. (adobevetcenter.com)
Symptoms2
  • Other individuals have a multitude of the most severe symptoms of end-stage liver disease and a limited chance for survival. (medscape.com)
  • The symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy may range from mild to severe and may be observed in as many as 70% of patients with cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
Obstruction1
  • These could be due to urinary outflow obstruction such as by calculi, tumours of the bladder or prostate, or a severe infection. (wikipedia.org)
Patients5
  • Nesiritide may also affect renal function and cause azotemia in patients with severe heart failure whose renal function is dependent on the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. (yourlawyer.com)
  • Pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor, has been evaluated as an antimalarial agent in combination with artesunate in 45 patients with severe falciparum malaria. (ajtmh.org)
  • there is an increased risk of severe hypotension and renal insufficiency when patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis or stenosis of the artery to a single functioning kidney are treated with medicinal products that affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. (medicines.org.uk)
  • Eight patients with severe mannitol intoxication were treated. (healthjade.net)
  • Patients with bilateral or unilateral renal artery stenosis may have increased risk of severe hypotension and renal insufficiency. (tabletshablet.com)
Hypertension1
  • Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. (globalrph.com)
Impairment1
  • Nebistar-SA Tablet is not recommended in severe liver impairment as it gets accumulated in the liver and affects its functioning. (practo.com)
Mild to severe1
  • Both FENa and EFurea showed significantly increased incremental values with higher RIFLE-criteria from mild to severe AKI. (springeropen.com)
Sepsis1
  • Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome and associated costs of care. (atsu.edu)
Hypotension1
Anemia2
  • Some studies indicate that some animals may lose up to 90% of their renal mass before azotemia and anemia appear. (vin.com)
  • Severe anemia has been reported as a consequence of severe hematuria and is a negative prognostic indicator. (medvet.com)
Hyponatremia1
  • Severe edema, hyponatremia, and hypoalbuminemia often pose management problems. (medscape.com)
Muscle weakness1
  • In severe cases signs may include muscle weakness, tremors, signs of uraemic encephalopathy, and a bad breath. (vin.com)
Initially1
  • In glomerulonephritis, this is uncommon initially, but may indicate advanced disease after severe damage to the kidney. (nclextestpro.com)
Interstitial1
  • In advanced cases, the primary lesion is often obscured by severe secondary changes, including tubulo-interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. (vin.com)
Progressive1
  • If the primary lesion is severe enough and long-standing, progressive and often fatal kidney failure, affecting all renal compartments, may develop. (vin.com)
High1
  • In contrast, the presence of Burkholderia cepacia has been associated with a high risk of severe and often lethal postoperative infections, and consequently, with inferior survival rates. (ersjournals.com)
Inferior1
Liver disease1
  • Some serovars also go to the liver and generate inflammation there, though the liver disease is generally not as severe as that of the kidney. (vin.com)
Lead1
Similar1
  • La incapacidad debe ser tan grave que le impida hacer su trabajo y cualquier otro trabajo similar basado en su edad. (eatdrinklivewell.com)
Treatment1
  • Pentoxifylline as an ancillary treatment for severe falciparum malaria in Thailand. (ajtmh.org)
Signs2
Drugs1
  • Indapamide has severe interactions with at least 48 other drugs. (rxlist.com)
Cases1
Greater1
  • A cat may appear clinically healthy with no sign of azotemia and still have lost greater than 50% of its renal mass. (vin.com)