Serum rarely first dose may cause idiosyncratic reactions. Medical search. Frequent questions

Following single doses of 500 mg and 1000 mg, average peak serum concentrations were approximately 16 and 28 mcg/mL, respectively. (nih.gov)
Peak urine concentrations are approximately 1800 mcg/mL during the period following a single 500 mg oral dose. (nih.gov)
Drug levels maybe useful, and serum concentrations of 30-80mg/1 are recommended. (pocketdrugguide.com)
There is a great deal of variability in serum concentrations that produce optimal effects. (pocketdrugguide.com)
Some patients may do well at serum concentrations of 2mg/l, while others may need levels of up to 20 mg/1. (pocketdrugguide.com)

The aim of this study was to determine such a dose and time-point after exposure which lead to a mild liver lesion and to increased hepatic levels of TNF-α and IL-1 mRNA in rats. (helsinki.fi)
It is not considered to be a first-line drug because of its potential for serious idiosyncratic side-effects, including potentially fatal aplastic anaemia (incidence of 1 in 3000) and hepatic failure (incidence of 1 in 10000). (pocketdrugguide.com)

Patients may down-titrate to lower doses based on tolerability. (medicines.org.uk)
Three-times-a-day dosing may improve tolerability. (pocketdrugguide.com)

Cases of drug-induced hepatitis can manifest with systemic signs of an allergic reaction including rash, fever, serositis (inflammation of membranes lining certain organs), elevated eosinophils (a type of white blood cell), and suppression of bone marrow activity. (wikipedia.org)
Other serious idiosyncratic adverse events include rash and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. (pocketdrugguide.com)

Although most drugs causing parkinsonism do so in a dose-related manner, there is an enormous variation in individual susceptibility, so even very small doses may cause parkinsonism. (medlink.com)
This means that no threshold exists and that even small doses represent a risk. (iloencyclopaedia.org)

PIs could cause DTMA either by an immune mechanism or dose-dependent/cumulative toxicity. (hindawi.com)
Common anticancer chemotherapeutic agents causing drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy via immune-mediated mechanism or dose-dependent toxicity or both [ 4 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Hepatotoxic drugs can cause dose-dependent, direct liver injury or idiosyncratic reactions mediated by immune or metabolic processes. (lecturio.com)
Their success in clearing or inactivating a pathogen will depend on the amount of antibodies produced and on the extent to which those antibodies are effective at countering the strain of the pathogen involved, since different strains may be differently susceptible to a given immune reaction. (webot.org)

Idiosyncratic cutaneous atrophy of the long-acting injectable form, has increased. (myjuicecup.com)

Severity ranges from asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels to symptomatic hepatitis with or without jaundice. (nih.gov)

Hypoglycemia is an emergency condition defined as a serum glucose level ≤ 70 mg/dL (≤ 3.9 mmol/L) in diabetic patients. (lecturio.com)

A rarely encountered side effect of prolonged administration of megestrol acetate is urticaria, presumably an idiosyncratic reaction to the drug. (tajgenerics.com)

Contains sodium metabisulfate, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. (themeditary.com)

The usual starting dose of AVANDIA is 4 mg administered either as a single dose once daily or in divided doses twice daily. (healthyplace.com)
On the other hand, for some carcinogens, it has been experimentally shown that the fractionation of a single dose into several exposures with the same total dose may be more effective in producing tumours. (iloencyclopaedia.org)

Inflammation and liver damage can sensitize to idiosyncratic drug reactions. (helsinki.fi)
Acute hepatitis can resolve on its own, progress to chronic hepatitis, or (rarely) result in acute liver failure. (wikipedia.org)
Fenoprofen has been linked to a low rate of serum enzyme elevations during therapy and to rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury. (nih.gov)
Warfarin therapy is associated with rare instances of idiosyncratic, clinically apparent liver injury that are usually mild and rapidly reversible on stopping. (nih.gov)

Idiosyncratic drug reactions occur rarely and unpredictably amongst drug users. (helsinki.fi)

Clinical significance, with possible underlying alteration in vitamin A function, is unclear, but serum carotenoids may decrease because of competition and altering vitamin A transport. (interactionsguide.com)

Others (eg, lamotrigine , topiramate ) must be started at a relatively low dose and gradually increased over several weeks to the standard therapeutic dose, based on the patient's lean body mass. (msdmanuals.com)
Their doses, pharmaceutic preparations, peculiarities of operation in idiosyncratic consti- tutions: their therapeutic application sustained by copious practical illustrations. (nih.gov)

A "response to a drug which is noxious and unintended and which occurs at doses normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of disease or for the modification of physiological function. (freezingblue.com)
When AVANDIA is added to existing therapy, the current dose(s) of the agent(s) can be continued upon initiation of therapy with AVANDIA. (healthyplace.com)
It is unlikely that the dose of metformin will require adjustment due to hypoglycemia during combination therapy with AVANDIA. (healthyplace.com)
5.13) Paradoxical Reactions: Monitor during therapy. (drugcentral.org)
Medroxyprogesterone, as injectable contraceptive or oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT), may elevate serum retinol levels, possibly RBP. (interactionsguide.com)

In refractory patients, doses may be as high as 500-1000 mg/day. (pocketdrugguide.com)

Regular estimation of serum electrolytes is essential in such patients. (pillintrip.com)

Dose titration has to be performed cautiously to ensure that high doses are not poorly tolerated through overly rapid up-titration. (medicines.org.uk)
The aim of dose titration is to block activity of vasopressin at the renal V2 receptor as completely and constantly as possible, while maintaining acceptable fluid balance (see section 4.4). (medicines.org.uk)
If the patient is receiving valproate at the time of initiation, starting doses and doses during titration should be cut in half, whereas if they are receiving enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drugs such as phenytoin, carbamazepine or phenobarbital, doses can be doubled. (pocketdrugguide.com)

Caution should be observed as thiazides may raise serum lipids. (pillintrip.com)

Other doses of oral conjugated estrogens with medroxyprogesterone acetate, and other combinations and dosage forms of estrogens and progestins were not studied in the WHI clinical trials and, in the absence of comparable data, these risks should be assumed to be similar. (theodora.com)

Drugs are more meaningful compared in terms of relative potency (ratio of equi-effective doses). (freezingblue.com)
Monitor serum potassium levels when using concomitantly with other drugs known to increase the risk of hypokalaemia induced by thiazide diuretics. (pillintrip.com)

Codeine produces dose-related respiratory depression by directly acting on the brain stem respiratory center that controls respiratory rhythm and may produce irregular and periodic breathing. (drugcentral.org)

Serum ASAT and ALAT levels also increased at 24 h. (helsinki.fi)
Determine the drug dose using clinical criteria (the lowest dose that stops seizures and has the fewest adverse effects), regardless of blood levels. (msdmanuals.com)
Mean peak plasma levels of approximately 3.5 mcg/mL are reached within 1 to 2 hours, following oral administration of a single 200 mg dose taken with a meal. (sdrugs.com)
In nondiabetic patients, there is no specific or defined limit for normal serum glucose levels, and hypoglycemia is defined mainly by its clinical features. (lecturio.com)
Single case report indicates that methyltestosterone may impair visual function by altering serum levels and metabolism of vitamin A and beta-carotene. (interactionsguide.com)
Toxicity rating is an arbitrary grading of doses or exposure levels causing toxic effects. (iloencyclopaedia.org)

The urine antibiotic concentration, following a 1 g dose, was maintained well above the MIC of susceptible urinary pathogens for 20 to 22 hours. (nih.gov)
Clearance of salicylic acid in the high-dose range is sensitive to urinary pH ( see Drug Interactions ) and is reduced by renal dysfunction. (themeditary.com)
Aetna considers testing for serum or urinary manganese medically necessary to direct manganese supplementation in persons on long-term parenteral nutrition. (aetna.com)
Constipation and urinary frequency have also been reported in patients who received high doses of megestrol acetate in clinical trials. (tajgenerics.com)

If seizures continue, the daily dose is increased by small increments. (msdmanuals.com)
The second daily dose can be taken with or without food. (medicines.org.uk)
AVANDIA may be administered at a starting dose of 4 mg either as a single daily dose or in 2 divided doses. (healthyplace.com)
The total daily dose of AVANDIA should not exceed 8 mg. (healthyplace.com)

Greater clinical importance than potencyIf undesired effects of a drug limit its dose, its efficacy will be correspondingly limited. (freezingblue.com)

WARNINGS - On very rare occasions, the first dose of carisoprodol has been followed by idiosyncratic reactions with symptoms appearing within minutes or hours. (themeditary.com)
After initiation of AVANDIA, and after dose increases, observe patients carefully for signs and symptoms of heart failure (including excessive, rapid weight gain, dyspnea, and/or edema). (healthyplace.com)

Rarely, an acute idiosyncratic hepatocellular injury resembling viral hepatitis or cholestatic hepatitis occurs. (toxbank.net)

Prospective studies show that up to 15% of patients taking fenoprofen experience at least transient serum aminotransferase elevations. (nih.gov)

Although clinical trials using Aldactide have not been carried out in children, as a guide, a daily dosage providing 1.5 mg to 3 mg of spironolactone per kilogram body weight given in divided doses, may be employed. (pillintrip.com)

Idiosyncratic drug reaction denotes a non-immunological hypersensitivity to a substance unrelated to drug toxicity. (helsinki.fi)
If toxicity develops before seizures are controlled, the dose is reduced to the pretoxicity dose. (msdmanuals.com)

The mechanism of fenoprofen hepatotoxicity is not known, but likely to be due to an idiosyncratic reaction to an intermediate of its metabolism. (nih.gov)

If patients report hypoglycemia, the dose of the sulfonylurea should be decreased. (healthyplace.com)

The appropriate dose of any drug is the lowest dose that stops all seizures and has the fewest adverse effects, regardless of blood drug level. (msdmanuals.com)

Periodic monitoring of plasma osmolality or serum sodium (to calculate plasma osmolarity) and/or body weight should be considered to monitor the risk of dehydration secondary to the aquaretic effects of tolvaptan in case of patient's insufficient water intake. (medicines.org.uk)

It is essential to toxicology to establish dose-effect and dose- response relationships. (iloencyclopaedia.org)

Hepatotoxicity is usually predictable, dose dependent, and has a direct hepatotoxic effect. (toxbank.net)

Further increases in the dose of AVANDIA should be accompanied by careful monitoring for adverse events related to fluid retention [see Boxed Warning and WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS ]. (healthyplace.com)

Patients have to be maintained on the highest tolerable tolvaptan dose. (medicines.org.uk)
Typical doses for patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy are 100-200 mg/day. (pocketdrugguide.com)
All patients should start AVANDIA at the lowest recommended dose. (healthyplace.com)
For patients who respond inadequately following 8 to 12 weeks of treatment, as determined by reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), the dose may be increased to 8 mg daily as monotherapy or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, or sulfonylurea plus metformin. (healthyplace.com)
Megestrol acetate is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. (tajgenerics.com)
The main side-effect experienced by patients while taking megestrol acetate, particularly at high doses, is weight gain, which is usually not associated with water retention, but which is secondary to an increased appetite and food intake. (tajgenerics.com)

ACE inhibitors also inhibit the degradation of bradykinin, a reaction also catalyzed by ACE. (nih.gov)

as dose increases, the response follows an ascending curve that will usually reach a plateau at a 100% response. (iloencyclopaedia.org)

exposure dose , which is the air concentration of pollutant inhaled during a certain time period (in work hygiene usually eight hours), or the retained or absorbed dose (in industrial hygiene also called the body burden ), which is the amount present in the body at a certain time during or after exposure. (iloencyclopaedia.org)
The theoretical dose according to Haber's law is D = ct, where D is dose, c is concentration of the xenobiotic in the air and t the duration of exposure to the chemical. (iloencyclopaedia.org)

The effect on mitochondrial membrane potential is biphasic, with increased potential at low dose and decreased potential at high dose, implying multiple points of interaction. (toxbank.net)

It is recommended that treatment is started with the lowest dose and titrated upwards as required to achieve maximum benefit. (pillintrip.com)

Higher doses are used for chronic arthritis, in the range of 400 to 600 mg 3 or 4 times per day, with a maximum dose of 3,200 mg daily. (nih.gov)

The initial dose is 60 mg tolvaptan per day as a split-dose regimen of 45 mg + 15 mg (45 mg taken upon waking and prior the morning meal and 15 mg taken 8 hours later). (medicines.org.uk)
The initial dose is to be titrated upward to a split-dose regimen of 90 mg tolvaptan (60 mg + 30 mg) per day and then to a target split-dose regimen of 120 mg tolvaptan (90 mg + 30 mg) per day, if tolerated, with at least weekly intervals between titrations. (medicines.org.uk)

Variation in exposure during the day and the total length of exposure during one's lifetime may be as important for the outcome (response) as mean or average or even integrated dose level. (iloencyclopaedia.org)
The exposure dose or body burden may be more easily available, but these are less precisely related to the effect. (iloencyclopaedia.org)

Furthermore, due to its inhibition of cellular growth, interference with oncogene expression and augmentation of lymphocyte cytotoxicity for target cells, IFN-α may cause bone marrow suppression, including potentially severe cytopenias and, very rarely, AA [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
An increase in dose may in- crease the intensity of an effect, or a more severe effect may result. (iloencyclopaedia.org)

The typical dose is 5 mg daily for 2 to 4 days followed by 2 to 10 mg daily, based upon measurements of prothrombin time aiming at an international normalized ratio (INR) value of 2 to 3. (nih.gov)

Dose-related side-effects include insomnia, decreased appetite and weight loss, ataxia, Gastrointestinal upset and headache. (pocketdrugguide.com)
Common dose-related side-effects of lamotrigine include mild tremor, double vision, headache and insomnia. (pocketdrugguide.com)

Conservative practice suggests avoiding retinol administration at high doses unless otherwise indicated. (interactionsguide.com)

Then, another drug is added at a low dose, which is gradually increased until seizures are controlled. (msdmanuals.com)

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