• Laboratory testing at the Maryland DHMH Laboratories Administration confirmed Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Case investigation revealed that the woman had not traveled to a region with ongoing transmission of Zika virus, but did have sexual contact with a male partner who had recently traveled to the Dominican Republic. (cdc.gov)
  • The male partner reported exposure to mosquitoes while traveling, but no symptoms consistent with Zika virus infection either before or after returning to the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • On day 16 (2 and 6 days after the episodes of condomless vaginal intercourse) the woman developed symptoms of Zika virus infection, including fever and rash. (cdc.gov)
  • the provider suspected Zika virus infection, and serum and urine specimens were collected. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus RNA was detected in urine, but not in serum, by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) using a test based on an assay developed at CDC ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Serologic testing was negative for Zika virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies using the CDC Zika IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Zika MAC-ELISA) and negative for dengue virus and chikungunya virus IgM antibodies using InBios ELISA kits (InBios International, Inc., Seattle, Washington). (cdc.gov)
  • Confirmatory serologic testing at the CDC Arbovirus Diagnostic Laboratory was equivocal for Zika virus IgM antibodies using the Zika MAC-ELISA. (cdc.gov)
  • Plaque-reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) performed at the CDC Arbovirus Diagnostic Laboratory confirmed a recent Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Convalescent serologic testing performed at the Maryland DHMH Laboratories Administration on day 56 (40 days after symptom onset) was equivocal for Zika virus IgM antibodies using the CDC Zika MAC-ELISA and negative for dengue virus and chikungunya virus IgM antibodies using InBios ELISA kits. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus rRT-PCR testing performed at the Maryland DHMH Laboratories Administration was negative on serum and plasma and equivocal on urine. (cdc.gov)
  • Serologic testing was positive for Zika virus IgM antibodies using the CDC Zika MAC-ELISA and positive for dengue virus IgM antibodies using an InBios ELISA kit. (cdc.gov)
  • Semen collected on day 31 had no detectable Zika virus RNA by rRT-PCR testing performed at the Maryland DHMH Laboratories Administration. (cdc.gov)
  • Questions are limited to clinicians who would like information about Zika and laboratory testing. (cdc.gov)
  • and identify Zika virus laboratory testing algorithms and resources. (cdc.gov)
  • And today's presentation I'll be covering the new guidance for U.S laboratories testing for Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • ABSTRACT Following the WHO declaration on 1 February 2016 of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) with regard to clusters of microcephaly and neurological disorders potentially associated with Zika virus, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean conducted three rounds of emergency meetings to address enhancing preparedness actions in the Region. (who.int)
  • The meetings provided up-to-date information on the current situation and agreed on a set of actions for the countries to undertake to enhance their preparedness and response capacities to Zika virus infection and its complications. (who.int)
  • Zika virus like other vector-borne diseases poses a particular challenge to the countries because of their complex nature which requires multidisciplinary competencies and strong rapid interaction among committed sectors. (who.int)
  • Les réunions ont fourni des informations actualisées de la situation actuelle et ont permis de convenir d'un ensemble d'actions à entreprendre par les pays afin d'améliorer leurs capacités de préparation et de réponse face à l'infection à virus Zika et ses complications. (who.int)
  • An epidemic of Zika fever, caused by Zika virus, began in Brazil and affected other countries in the Americas from April 2015 to November 2016. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is estimated that 1.5 million people were infected by Zika virus in Brazil, with over 3,500 cases of infant microcephaly reported between October 2015 and January 2016. (wikipedia.org)
  • Zika virus spread to Brazil from Oceania in 2013 or 2014. (wikipedia.org)
  • In approximately one in five cases, Zika virus infections result in Zika fever, a minor illness that causes symptoms such as fever and a rash. (wikipedia.org)
  • People infected with Zika can transmit the virus to their sexual partners. (wikipedia.org)
  • Then, in May 2015, researchers from the Federal University of Bahia and the Evandro Chagas Institute determined, using the RT-PCR technique, that the illness was an outbreak of Zika virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although, the first confirmed Zika virus infection in Brazil were diagnosed in a returning traveller in March 2015. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Zika virus was first isolated in 1947, in a rhesus monkey in a forest near Entebbe, Uganda. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although serologic evidence indicated additional human exposure during subsequent decades in parts of Africa and Asia, before the 2007 Yap Islands Zika virus outbreak, only 14 cases of human Zika virus disease had been documented. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brazilian researchers had suggested that the Zika virus arrived during the 2014 FIFA World Cup tournament. (wikipedia.org)
  • French researchers speculated the virus arrived shortly afterwards, in August 2014, when canoeing teams from French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Easter Island, and the Cook Islands, which had been or were experiencing Zika outbreaks, attended the Va'a World Sprint Championships in Rio de Janeiro. (wikipedia.org)
  • In March 2016, a study published in Science, which developed a "molecular clock" based on the count of virus mutations in a relatively small sample, suggested Zika virus arrived in the Americas (most likely in Brazil) from French Polynesia between May and December 2013, well before the World Cup and Va'a Championships. (wikipedia.org)
  • Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. (cdc.gov)
  • In May 2015, the first local transmission of Zika virus in the Region of the Americas was reported in Brazil. (cdc.gov)
  • it is not known how many of these cases are associated with Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Although local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States, infections have been reported among travelers visiting or returning to the United States, and these likely will increase. (cdc.gov)
  • The best way to prevent Zika virus infection is to avoid mosquito bites by avoiding exposure and eliminating mosquito breeding areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Until more is known, pregnant women should consider postponing travel to any area with ongoing Zika virus transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Health care providers should contact their state or local health department about testing patients with symptoms of Zika virus infection and a compatible travel history. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was first identified in Uganda in 1947 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In May 2015, the World Health Organization reported the first local transmission of Zika virus in the Region of the Americas (Americas), with autochthonous cases identified in Brazil ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In December, the Ministry of Health estimated that 440,000-1,300,000 suspected cases of Zika virus disease had occurred in Brazil in 2015 ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Although local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States, Zika virus infections have been reported in returning travelers ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In light of the recent outbreaks in the Americas, the number of Zika virus disease cases among travelers visiting or returning to the United States is likely to increase. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes ( 1 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to mosquito-to-human transmission, Zika virus infections have been documented through intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection, intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn, sexual transmission, blood transfusion, and laboratory exposure ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • There is a theoretical concern that transmission could occur through organ or tissue transplantation, and although Zika virus RNA has been detected in breast milk, transmission through breastfeeding has not been documented ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • During outbreaks, humans are the primary amplifying host for Zika virus. (cdc.gov)
  • An estimated 80% of persons who are infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • No vaccines are currently available for Zika virus. (phila.gov)
  • Zika virus is primarily spread by the bite of infected Aedes spp. (phila.gov)
  • Philadelphia-area healthcare providers are encouraged to utilize commercial laboratories when ordering Zika virus testing for exposed, symptomatic persons with health insurance. (phila.gov)
  • Contact PDPH at (215) 685-6742 for testing requests and to report suspected Zika cases who have had testing ordered. (phila.gov)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne transplacentally transmissible flavivirus, is an enveloped virus with an ~10.8 kb plus-strand RNA genome that can cause neurological disease. (mdpi.com)
  • Repelente corporal baseado no Líquido da Casca da castanha de caju - LCC com ação repelente contra o mosquito Aedes aegypti transmissor da Dengue, Febre Chikungunya e Zika Mazzetto, Selma Elaine A fonte original deste documento pode ser restrita, o que pode impedir que leitores externos tenham acesso a ele. (paho.org)
  • There is growing evidence that Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause devastating infant brain defects and other neurological disorders in humans. (paho.org)
  • Zika virus. (paho.org)
  • Pathogenicity and physical properties Dick, G. W. A. (1) A description is given of the adaptation to mice of two strains of Zika virus. (paho.org)
  • Zika is the name of a forest area near Entebbe, Uganda, where both strains of virus were isolated. (paho.org)
  • While mice of all ages tested are susceptible to intracerebral inoculations with Zika mouse brain virus, mice of 2 weeks of age and over can rarely be infected by the intraperitoneal route. (paho.org)
  • 3) Zika virus is highly neurotropic in mice and no virus has been recovered from tissues other than the brains of infected mice. (paho.org)
  • 7) The size of Zika virus is estimated to eb in the region of 30 to 45 mμ in diameter. (paho.org)
  • The first isolation was made in April 1947 from the serum of a pyrexial rhesus monkey caged in the canopy of Zika Forest. (paho.org)
  • The virus has been called Zika virus after the locality from where the isolations were made. (paho.org)
  • 2) Cross neutralization tests indicate that Zika virus is not related to yellow fever, Hawaii dengue nor to the FA and GD VII strains of Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus. (paho.org)
  • CDC has updated its interim guidelines for U.S. health care providers caring for pregnant women during a Zika virus outbreak ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Updated guidelines include a new recommendation to offer serologic testing to asymptomatic pregnant women (women who do not report clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease) who have traveled to areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • This update also expands guidance to women who reside in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission, and includes recommendations for screening, testing, and management of pregnant women and recommendations for counseling women of reproductive age (15-44 years). (cdc.gov)
  • Pregnant women who reside in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission have an ongoing risk for infection throughout their pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • For pregnant women with clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease,* testing is recommended during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
  • For asymptomatic pregnant women residing in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission, testing is recommended at the initiation of prenatal care with follow-up testing mid-second trimester. (cdc.gov)
  • Local health officials should determine when to implement testing of asymptomatic pregnant women based on information about levels of Zika virus transmission and laboratory capacity. (cdc.gov)
  • Health care providers should discuss reproductive life plans, including pregnancy intention and timing, with women of reproductive age in the context of the potential risks associated with Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are found throughout much of the region of the Americas, including parts of the United States ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The Zika virus outbreak continues to spread ( http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html ), with ongoing Zika virus transmission recently reported in U.S. territories. (cdc.gov)
  • Evidence suggesting an association of Zika virus infection with an increased risk for congenital microcephaly and other abnormalities of the brain and eye ( 5 ) prompted the World Health Organization to declare the Zika virus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1, 2016 ( http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/1st-emergency-committee-zika/en/ external icon ). (cdc.gov)
  • There is currently no vaccine or medication to prevent Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • All travelers to or residents of areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission should be advised to strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites because of the potential for exposure to Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • To prevent human-to-mosquito-to-human transmission, persons infected with Zika, dengue, or chikungunya virus should protect themselves from mosquito exposure during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
  • As of January 15, 2016, local transmission had been identified in at least 14 countries or territories in the Americas, including Puerto Rico (See Pan American Health Organization [PAHO] link below for countries and territories in the Americas with Zika virus transmission). (cdc.gov)
  • Local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States. (cdc.gov)
  • However, Zika virus infections have been reported in travelers returning to the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus infection should be considered in patients with acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia or conjunctivitis, who traveled to areas with ongoing transmission in the two weeks prior to illness onset. (cdc.gov)
  • However, during the current outbreak, Zika virus infections have been confirmed in several infants with microcephaly and in fetal losses in women infected during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Additional studies are planned to learn more about the risks of Zika virus infection during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Healthcare providers are encouraged to report suspected Zika virus disease cases to their state health department to facilitate diagnosis and to mitigate the risk of local transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC is working with states to expand Zika virus laboratory testing capacity, using existing RT-PCR protocols. (cdc.gov)
  • This CDC Health Advisory includes information and recommendations about Zika virus clinical disease, diagnosis, and prevention, and provides travel guidance for pregnant women and women who are trying to become pregnant. (cdc.gov)
  • Outbreaks of Zika virus disease have been reported previously in Africa, Asia, and islands in the Pacific. (cdc.gov)
  • About one in five people infected with Zika virus become symptomatic. (cdc.gov)
  • During the current outbreak in Brazil, Zika virus RNA has been identified in tissues from several infants with microcephaly and from fetal losses in women infected during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • However, it is not known how many of the microcephaly cases are associated with Zika virus infection and what factors increase risk to the fetus. (cdc.gov)
  • Guillain-Barré syndrome also has been reported in patients following suspected Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus infection should be considered in patients with acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis who recently returned from affected areas. (cdc.gov)
  • For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we review the investigation methods and available data on sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates and dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses in Africa, dengue viruses in Asia and yellow fever virus in the Americas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some arboviruses, like dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV), have become fully adapted to urban cycles and no longer require NHPs, forest mosquitoes and a sylvatic cycle for their maintenance [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Concern (PHEIC) with regard to clusters of microcephaly and neurological disorders potentially associated with Zika virus, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean conducted three rounds of emergency meetings to address enhancing preparedness actions in the Region. (who.int)
  • La maladie à virus Zika, comme toutes les maladies à transmission vectorielle, constitue un défi pour les pays du fait de sa nature complexe qui nécessite des compétences multidisciplinaires et une interaction forte et rapide entre les secteurs impliqués. (who.int)
  • Since the Zika virus (ZIKV) was first the health ministries of the 22 Members preparedness measures. (who.int)
  • Further comprehensive diagnostic testing, including testing for Zika virus, should comprise future iterations of the EQA. (who.int)
  • 7,8 That may also be the case for Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus that was detected in Asia in the 1960s but has recently emerged in the Pacific and the Americas. (who.int)
  • In 2016, a total of 1,297 pregnancies with possible recent Zika virus infection were reported to the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry from 44 states. (cdc.gov)
  • Approximately one in 10 pregnancies with laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infection resulted in a fetus or infant with Zika virus-associated birth defects. (cdc.gov)
  • The proportion of fetuses and infants with Zika virus-associated birth defects was highest among those with first trimester Zika virus infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Only 25% of infants from pregnancies with possible recent Zika virus infection reported receiving postnatal neuroimaging. (cdc.gov)
  • Identification and follow-up care of infants born to mothers with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection during pregnancy and infants with congenital Zika virus infection can ensure that appropriate intervention services are available to affected infants. (cdc.gov)
  • In collaboration with state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments, CDC established the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry (USZPR) in early 2016 to monitor pregnant women with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection and their infants. (cdc.gov)
  • This report includes an analysis of completed pregnancies (which include live births and pregnancy losses, regardless of gestational age) in the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC) with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection reported to the USZPR from January 15 to December 27, 2016. (cdc.gov)
  • Birth defects potentially associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy include brain abnormalities and/or microcephaly, eye abnormalities, other consequences of central nervous system dysfunction, and neural tube defects and other early brain malformations. (cdc.gov)
  • Birth defects were reported in 15% (95% CI = 8%-26%) of fetuses/infants of completed pregnancies with confirmed Zika virus infection in the first trimester. (cdc.gov)
  • These findings highlight why pregnant women should avoid Zika virus exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Because the full clinical spectrum of congenital Zika virus infection is not yet known, all infants born to women with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection during pregnancy should receive postnatal neuroimaging and Zika virus testing in addition to a comprehensive newborn physical exam and hearing screen. (cdc.gov)
  • 181B potentially associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) has highlighted the urgent need to identify individuals infected with ZIKV. (who.int)
  • As the weather begins to warm across the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention wants pediatricians to know how to recognize, diagnose, and treat Zika virus infection. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Zika virus has been blamed for as many as 5000 cases of microcephaly in Brazil, and while it's not being spread locally throughout US states at this time, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is urging pediatricians to familiarize themselves with the virus to help educate patients about the risks. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Because pediatricians might be caring for women who are pregnant or who might be thinking about becoming pregnant, we also wanted to be sure they were aware of the link between Zika virus during pregnancy and microcephaly, other serious problems of the brain, and other problems in pregnancy," Rasmussen says. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Women who are pregnant should not travel to areas with active Zika virus spread. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Pregnant women with male sex partners who have lived in or traveled to an area where Zika virus is spreading should either use condoms every time they have sex or not have sex during the pregnancy. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Since news of the Zika virus broke, some media outlets were reporting that pesticides used to control mosquitoes in some South American countries-not the virus itself-was responsible for microcephaly, but that theory was recently debunked . (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • In addition, exposure to pyriproxyfen would not explain recent study results showing the presence of Zika virus in the brains of babies born with microcephaly. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • The Zika virus was first identified in a monkey in Uganda in 1947 and has been found since then along the equator throughout Africa and Asia. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • CDC has developed interim guidelines for health care providers in the United States who are caring for infants born to mothers who traveled to or resided in an area with Zika virus transmission during pregnancy. (blogspot.com)
  • Pediatric health care providers should work closely with obstetric providers to identify infants whose mothers were potentially infected with Zika virus during pregnancy (based on travel to or residence in an area with Zika virus transmission [ http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices ]), and review fetal ultrasounds and maternal testing for Zika virus infection (see Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak*) ( 1 ). (blogspot.com)
  • or 2) infants born to mothers with positive or inconclusive test results for Zika virus infection. (blogspot.com)
  • For infants with laboratory evidence of a possible congenital Zika virus infection, additional clinical evaluation and follow-up is recommended. (blogspot.com)
  • As an arboviral disease, Zika virus disease is a nationally notifiable condition. (blogspot.com)
  • Zika virus infections have also been documented through both intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection and intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn ( 5 , 6 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Zika virus RNA has been detected in breast milk, but Zika virus transmission through breastfeeding has not been documented ( 5 ). (blogspot.com)
  • During the current outbreak in Brazil, Zika virus RNA has been identified in specimens (i.e., brain tissue, placenta, and amniotic fluid) from several infants with microcephaly and from fetal losses in women infected with Zika virus during pregnancy ( 6 , 8 , 9 ). (blogspot.com)
  • The Brazil Ministry of Health has reported a marked increase from previous years in the number of infants born with microcephaly and intracranial calcifications in 2015, although it is not known how many of these cases are associated with Zika virus infection ( 6 , 8 - 11 ). (blogspot.com)
  • The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is made through molecular and serologic testing ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
  • This includes reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for viral RNA, and immunoglobulin (Ig) M ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for Zika virus antibodies. (blogspot.com)
  • Chunpeng Yang , Rui Gong , Natalia de Val , 2019: Development of Neutralizing Antibodies against Zika Virus Based on Its Envelope Protein Structure, Virologica Sinica, 34, 168-174. (virosin.org)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus fi rst studies in the absence of epidemics ( 6 - 8 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
  • An important difference to note, however, was that the Zika epidemic diffused in a shorter time span compared to the persisting feature of Dengue infections, which is endemic in many Asian countries. (frontiersin.org)
  • Meanwhile, the cross-reactivity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells response to Dengue and Zika viruses provide important clues for further development of potential treatments. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review discusses similarities between Dengue and Zika infections, comparing their disease transmissions and vectors involved, and both the innate and adaptive immune responses in these infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which may be useful indicators for future anti-viral targets or predictors for disease severity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
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  • With 20 years of experience focused on membrane proteins and antibodies, Integral Molecular's technologies have been integrated into the drug discovery pipelines of over 500 biotech and pharmaceutical companies to help discover new therapies for cancer, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and viral threats such as SARS-CoV-2, Ebola, Zika, and dengue viruses. (integralmolecular.com)
  • For flavivirus-seropositive group, has positive flavivirus test results (including dengue, West Nile, and Zika) as determined by ELISA or other commercially available serological assay. (who.int)
  • Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a variant presentation of dengue infection that occurs primarily in children 10 years living in areas where dengue is endemic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dengue hemorrhagic fever, which has also been called Philippine, Thai, or Southeast Asian hemorrhagic fever, frequently requires prior infection with the dengue virus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Titers in acute and convalescent phase serum samples can reliably establish dengue virus infection and may indicate the specific dengue virus type involved. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) result from infection by any of four serotypes of dengue viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Infection of the mosquito Aedes aegypti with infectious West Nile virus-antibody complexes. (unicamp.br)
  • West Nile virus--17D yellow fever or dengue--2 antiserum mixtures did not produce significantly reduced infection rates in Ae. (unicamp.br)
  • To determine risk factors associated with dengue (DEN) virus infection among residents of Santa Clara, Peru, a rural Amazonian village near Iquitos, a cross-sectional serological, epidemiological and environmental survey was conducted. (edu.pe)
  • Dengue viruses are members of the Flaviviridae and have sufficient antigenic similarity to yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus that previous infection or vaccination may raise cross-reactive serum antibodies. (cdc.gov)
  • After a primary infection with a heterologous flavivirus, subsequent antibody testing by ELISA may produce false positive results for a different flavivirus. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1917, a 12-year-old with features suggestive of MVEV infection recovered after receiving immune serum. (mja.com.au)
  • 4) Cotton-rats, guineapigs and rabbits show no clinical signs of infection after intracerebral inoculation of late passage mouse brain virus. (paho.org)
  • 5) Monkeys develop an inapparent infection after subcutaneous inoculation with mouse brain virus. (paho.org)
  • Many medically important and emergent arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) originated in non-human primates (NHPs), which typically show no clinical signs of infection but become viraemic and help maintain the virus in nature [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following infection with one serotype, subsequent infection with a different serotype increases a person's risk of severe dengue and death. (paho.org)
  • The cases were later confirmed as Marburg virus infection by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the National Public Health Laboratory, Tanzania. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Marburg virus infection often results from prolonged exposure to mines or caves inhabited by Rousettus bat colonies. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Suspected infection with Japanese Encephalitis virus and has travel to endemic area. (canada.ca)
  • A fourfold or greater increase or decrease in titre between the acute phase and convalescent phase serum is considered to be diagnostic of infection with Japanese Encephalitis virus. (canada.ca)
  • Studies on human primary immune responses to dengue infection have identified critical attachment sites on the virion for neutralizing antibodies ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Myeloid cells are major targets of dengue infection in humans. (blogspot.com)
  • To our knowledge, only once has an in vitro test correctly predicted which children would be susceptible or have silent infections accompanying a second heterotypic dengue infection ( 9 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Therefore, both basic infection research and diagnostic population screenings would benefit from improved methods to determine virus-neutralising activity in patient samples. (pasteur.fr)
  • West Nile virus (WNV) infection was suspected, and diagnostic tests were performed on all available samples. (cdc.gov)
  • By a plaque reduction neutralization assay (PRNT) with 100 50% infection units of WNV (Eg-101 strain), positive titers of 256 in S1 and 64 in S2 were obtained ( Table ). (cdc.gov)
  • We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
  • Z ported human infections indicated that clinical characteris- ika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus in the tics of infection with ZIKV included fever, headache, mal- family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus . (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • During virus infection, the specific immune signals produced from infected cells are important for dictating the recruitment and activation of innate or adaptive immune cells that are required to fight virus infection. (nature.com)
  • For SARS-CoV-2, lung epithelial cells are the primary site of infection and therefore are responsible for initiating immune responses to virus infection. (nature.com)
  • In addition to direct viral sensing, cells have also evolved ways to detect the indirect effects of virus infection, such as nuclear or mitochondrial damage caused by the heavy cellular burden imposed by virus replication. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, cGAS is an important molecule for regulating basal expression levels of cell-intrinsic immune genes in cells and is, therefore, a central protein in immune responses to virus infection 10 . (nature.com)
  • Given that these enhanced responses are triggered by failed attempts to control the infecting virus, VAED typically presents with symptoms related to the target organ of the infection pathogen. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • After SARS-CoV-2 infection, people are unlikely to produce long-lasting protective antibodies against this virus. (researchgate.net)
  • This information is in contrast to a study in Wuhan, China that found 10% of patients lost SARS-CoV-2 antibodies within weeks of infection (12) , although different serology tests were used in this case. (researchgate.net)
  • Another consideration in modeling natural infection in humans is the nature of transmitted HIV-1 strains: most such viruses are relatively difficult to neutralize (tier 2 neutralization phenotype). (biomedcentral.com)
  • West Nile virus (WNV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne viral infection. (kjccm.org)
  • The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
  • dengue virus-antibody immune complexes trigger release of vasoactive mediators by macrophages. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sera that had been collected previously by the Peruvian Ministry of Health from residents were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for DEN virus IgG antibody. (edu.pe)
  • Antibody identity was verified as DEN by plaque reduction neutralization test. (edu.pe)
  • 29 , 37 Most reference laboratories have developed in-house MVEV serological tests that can detect total antibody by haemagglutination inhibition, IgG by immunofluorescence assays (IFA) or enzyme immunoassays (EIA), and IgM by IFA or EIA. (mja.com.au)
  • Viraemia during the first week after inoculation has been found in all monkeys tested and antibody has been demonstrated by the 14th day after inoculation. (paho.org)
  • Antibody has also been found in the serum of one of 15 wild monkeys tested. (paho.org)
  • As stated by Kuno & Chang [ 15 ], "The three commonly used data for identifying vertebrate reservoirs for arboviruses have been (i) virus isolation from suspected animals, (ii) relatively high antibody prevalence in the animals captured in the field and (iii) demonstration of viraemia (of higher virus titre and duration) in the suspected animals typically obtained under laboratory conditions" [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other tests can be used such as antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), antigen-capture detection tests, serum neutralization tests, electron microscopy, and virus isolation by cell culture. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Yellow Fever, Dengue, Powassan, etc.) detection of total anti-JE virus specific antibody in a single serum sample is indicative of past or present exposure to this agent, or a related agent from the same virus genus. (canada.ca)
  • Isolation of an arbovirus, detection of specific antibody by plaque reduction neutralization assay or detection of nucleic acid by real-time RT-PCR in a clinical specimen would constitute firm evidence of viral association with illness and provide 'confirmed case' status. (canada.ca)
  • These results were obtained even though 91% of the children had circulating dengue or Japanese encephalitis antibodies before vaccination, neutralizing antibodies developed to all 4 DENVs, and neutralizing antibody titers increased 2-3 fold after 3 doses of vaccine in 80%-90% of vaccinated children. (blogspot.com)
  • The inability of a mixture of 4 dengue chimeric viruses to elicit an initial primary neutralizing antibody response in nonhuman primates and susceptible humans was recognized during preclinical testing and explained by the phenomenon of interference ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Although protective immunity was raised in susceptible rhesus monkeys inoculated with all 4 DENVs at a single site, inoculation of 4 chimeric dengue viruses at 1 or 2 sites did not result in neutralizing antibody responses to all 4 DENV ( 3 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Serum samples from children given ≥1 doses of the dengue chimeric vaccine can now be tested for primary neutralizing antibody responses to each of the 4 DENVs. (blogspot.com)
  • As an alternative, antibody-secreting cells may be isolated and their products identified by using methods as described for dengue-infected children in Nicaragua ( 5 ). (blogspot.com)
  • When the tetravalent dengue chimeric vaccine was given to partially dengue-immune children and adults in the Philippines, a broad neutralizing antibody response was observed after administration of only 2 vaccine doses ( 7 ). (blogspot.com)
  • We and others have described the unique biologic responses when dengue virus-antibody complexes are presented to myeloid cells ( 8 ). (blogspot.com)
  • It accurately measures neutralising antibody titres in human serum samples within as little as 24 h. (pasteur.fr)
  • Antiviral activities of antibodies may either be dependent only on interactions between the antibody and cognate antigen, as in binding and neutralization of an infectious virion, or instead may require interactions between antibody-antigen immune complexes and immunoproteins or Fc receptor expressing immune effector cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)
  • Integral Molecular has developed the Membrane Proteome Array (MPA) platform to de-risk antibody-based therapeutics by testing specificity across the full human membrane proteome expressed in live cells. (integralmolecular.com)
  • An IVI scientist works on an antibody test at IVI headquarters in Seoul, Korea. (ivi.int)
  • IVI tested international standard candidates in terms of binding antibody titer and neutralizing antibody titer, and transferred the results to the United Kingdom's National Institute for Biological Standards and Control. (ivi.int)
  • To date, IVI has completed two samples for binding antibody titer and neutralizing antibody titer and the KDCA has since provided four additional samples which are undergoing testing. (ivi.int)
  • In addition, antibody detection may provide a complementary perspective, along with RT-qPCR testing, in the diagnosis of COVID-19 (24,25). (researchgate.net)
  • As demonstrated in Table 3, there was no significant correlation between days of symptom onset to collection of serum and antibody index/ratio to suggest waning of antibodies during the time period tested. (researchgate.net)
  • Has a positive test result at the Screening Visit for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibody, or HIV type 1 or 2 antibodies. (who.int)
  • Significant antibody titers include levels of more than 320 by hemagglutination inhibition, more than 128 by complement fixation, more than 256 by immunofluorescence, or more than 160 by plaque reduction neutralization test. (medscape.com)
  • A licensed indirect fluorescent antibody test is available for IgG and IgM antibodies to La Crosse virus and may be useful in diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • The virus is spread mainly by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is commonly found throughout the tropical and subtropical Americas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aedes albopictus mosquitoes also might transmit the virus. (cdc.gov)
  • 10) Adding to the concern of indigenous dengue transmission is the recent establishment in the United States of another known dengue vector, Aedes albopictus, which was probably imported in shipments of tires from Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • Aedes aegypti fed through chick skin membranes on West Nile virus-homologous antiserum mixtures shown by an anti-globulin neutralization test to be highly infectious complexes (in terms of plaque formation in tissue culture) failed to become infected. (unicamp.br)
  • In the Americas, Aedes aegypti is the mosquito vector that is the main source of dengue transmission. (paho.org)
  • It is spread by the yellow fever mosquito ( Aedes aegypti ) and the Asian tiger mosquito ( Aedes albopictus ), which also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • tory testing to the Arbovirus Diagnostic Laboratory at the Over the next 20 years, several ZIKV isolates were Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Fort obtained from Aedes spp. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Dengue is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes, with the primary vector being the Aedes Aegypti mosquito. (frontiersin.org)
  • Overwintering of La Crosse virus in Aedes triseriatus. (medscape.com)
  • Curiously, length of residence in Santa Clara was negatively associated with DEN virus antibodies. (edu.pe)
  • Virus-specific IgM antibodies demonstrated in CSF. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue-specific IgM antibodies present in serum with a P/N ratio ≥2. (cdc.gov)
  • PRNT can often resolve cross-reactive serum antibodies in this situation and identify the infecting virus. (cdc.gov)
  • 11 It is also possible that prior immunisation with yellow fever virus or JEV vaccine may induce cross-reactive antibodies. (mja.com.au)
  • 38 Neutralisation tests or an epitope-blocking ELISA can help identify MVEV-specific antibodies. (mja.com.au)
  • Module B contained human serum samples for the detection of anti-DENV antibodies. (who.int)
  • Serological detection of total antibodies (IgM and IgG) directed towards Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay. (canada.ca)
  • The HI assay is used to measure the level of antibodies in a patient's serum that will prevent the agglutination of susceptible erythrocytes by inactivated antigens that are able to attach to the erythrocyte receptors on red blood cells. (canada.ca)
  • There is evidence that DENV neutralization titers differ when the same antibodies are assayed in epithelial and Fc-receptor-bearing cells ( 8 ). (blogspot.com)
  • FluoRNT: A robust, efficient assay for the detection of neutralising antibodies against yellow fever virus 17D. (pasteur.fr)
  • Laboratory testing with a rapid conducted at that time showed that 6.1% of the residents assay suggested that a dengue virus (DENV) was the caus- in nearby regions of Uganda had specifi c antibodies to ative agent. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • A cheaper and simpler approach is to use immunology-based methods to screen vertebrate hosts for TBEV-specific antibodies and subsequently test the tick populations at locations with seropositive animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 4114 individual goat sera were screened for TBEV-specific antibodies using immunological methods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The serum neutralization test confirmed that 70 of the 173 ELISA-positive sera had neutralizing antibodies against TBEV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The combined approach of screening vertebrate hosts for TBEV-specific antibodies followed by testing the local tick population for TBEV allowed us to detect two new TBEV foci in the canton of Valais. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When we tested neutralizing antibodies to one virus against the other, we found a low protective response to both. (azolifesciences.com)
  • The researchers analyzed neutralization by antibodies but also identified other factors in the mice's immune system that could influence this cross-protection. (azolifesciences.com)
  • Anti-merozoite vaccine studies have long relied on the standardized in vitro assay of growth inhibition activity (GIA) 12 , whereby purified IgG antibodies are tested against parasites cultured in human red blood cells (RBC) in the absence of other cell types. (nature.com)
  • Conclusions Very few healthcare providers had IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, though a significant proportion of them had been infected with the virus. (researchgate.net)
  • Specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and neutralizing antibodies to the virus in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique: IgM is usually but not always present during acute illness. (medscape.com)
  • TWiV 1045: Less Lassa, CRISPR RNA viruses September 17, 2023 TWiV reviews a Lassa virus mRNA vaccine that confers protection against disease without inducing neutralizing antibodies, and a CRISPR-based method for engineering the genome of RNA viruses. (microbe.tv)
  • On November 7, 2022, dengue virus (DENV), which is not endemic in the continental United States, [ 1 ] was identified in a Maricopa County, Arizona resident by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing at Arizona State Public Health Laboratory (ASPHL). (medscape.com)
  • Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD) conducted retrospective testing for DENV in samples collected from 21 mosquito pools located within 5 miles (8 km) of patient A's residence during October 1-November 3. (medscape.com)
  • Whole genome sequencing by CDC's Dengue Branch later revealed that closely related DENV-3 strains not known to be circulating in the patient's travel region were identified in both patient A and pool A, suggesting local DENV transmission. (medscape.com)
  • and 4) advised providers to test for and report suspected DENV to MCDPH. (medscape.com)
  • CDC Arboviral Diseases Branch confirmed DENV-3 by plaque reduction neutralization testing. (medscape.com)
  • mosquitoes collected in a professional BG-Sentinel mosquito trap § tested negative for DENV by RT-PCR. (medscape.com)
  • The four dengue serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4) circulate throughout the Americas, and in some countries simultaneously. (paho.org)
  • Among 20 laboratories testing Module A, 17 (85%) correctly detected DENV RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 18 (90%) correctly determined serotype and 19 (95%) correctly identified CHIKV by RT-PCR. (who.int)
  • suggested that there are 390 million dengue virus (DENV) infections per year, of which 96 million manifest clinically. (who.int)
  • Although dengue virus (DENV) control strategies have targeted vector control and disease surveillance, the development of an effective vaccine is the holy grail of prevention. (blogspot.com)
  • A candidate vaccine (Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA) containing all 4 DENV serotypes is in advanced clinical testing. (blogspot.com)
  • In clinical testing of the Sanofi Pasteur vaccine, failure of multiple booster doses to show protection was unexpected because the children were already substantially immune from prior exposure to DENV or Japanese encephalitis vaccine. (blogspot.com)
  • Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. (frontiersin.org)
  • Serum samples were studied by ELISA for WNV IgG and IgM (Focus), and positive results were obtained for IgG to WNV in both samples and for IgM in S1. (cdc.gov)
  • Serum samples were also assayed for IgG and IgM by ELISA against dengue virus (Panbio, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (Siemens, Marsburg, Germany). (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue virus-specific viral antigen or genomic sequences demonstrated in donated blood or organs during screening and confirmatory testing in the absence of symptoms in the donor. (cdc.gov)
  • 33 Antigen detection assays are not available for MVEV, but have been used for JEV and Dengue fever virus. (mja.com.au)
  • Some functions, such as neutralization, mainly depend on interaction of the Fv domain ( Figure 1A ) with antigen and are therefore predominantly Fc domain independent. (frontiersin.org)
  • This biopsy material tested positively for La Crosse virus antigen on direct immunofluorescence assay. (medscape.com)
  • Prior to CDC, Dr. Ottendorfer's work experience included laboratory positions at the state public health reference laboratory at the Florida Department of Health for clinical laboratory testing and diagnosis of arboviral diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients with World Health Organization-defined clinical criteria plus thrombocytopenia ( ≤ 100,000/mcL [≤ 100 x 10 9 /L]) or hemoconcentration (Hct increased by ≥ 20%) are presumed to have the disease (see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Dengue Virus: Clinical Guidance ). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The early history of dengue is clouded by the similarity of its clinical picture to that of other febrile illnesses. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical symptoms resemble dengue, and while chikungunya is a generally milder disease, debilitating sequelae such as persistent arthralgia have been reported in 36-64% of cases. (who.int)
  • Patient name and / or identifier (specimen reference number), date of birth, test(s) requested, collection date of specimen, date of on-set of symptoms, and clinical and travel history of patient. (canada.ca)
  • The 2012 WNV season in the United States saw a massive spike in the number of neuroinvasive cases and deaths similar to what was seen in the 2002-2003 season, according to the West Nile virus disease cases and deaths reported to the CDC by year and clinical presentation, 1999-2012, by ArboNET (Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (mdpi.com)
  • Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. (frontiersin.org)
  • This project aims to establish standard sera to assess Ab titers in clinical trials. (ivi.int)
  • To confirm the dengue out-break from suspected clinical samples with the help of molecular diagnostic test (PCR/RT-PCR). (ncdc.gov.in)
  • Has clinical laboratory test results (hematology, serum chemistry, or coagulation) with a toxicity score of Grade = 1 at Screening. (who.int)
  • The diagnosis of California encephalitis is based on immunology, because the virus is not present in blood or secretions during clinical CNS disease. (medscape.com)
  • It appears Zika's route - from Africa and Asia to Oceania and then the Americas - may mirror that of chikungunya and dengue, both of which are now endemic in a large portion of the Americas. (wikipedia.org)
  • The second reason dengue should concern health care providers in this country is the potential for encountering cases of dengue among travelers arriving from dengue-endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
  • all the rest were travelers arriving from dengue-endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Serum, plasma, and urine specimens were collected from him on day 29, at which time he reported no new symptoms. (cdc.gov)
  • While the symptoms resembled dengue fever, testing ruled out this and several other potential causes. (wikipedia.org)
  • 28 Indeed, by the time neurological symptoms develop, PCR testing of serum or CSF often returns a negative result. (mja.com.au)
  • The first serum (S1) and CSF samples obtained 13 days after onset of symptoms were sent to us for testing. (cdc.gov)
  • S2, second serum sample, obtained 160 days after onset of symptoms. (cdc.gov)
  • The CSF was tested for flavivirus by using a generic PCR ( 1 ) and found negative, and for WNV immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM (Focus, Cypress, CA, USA) as previously described ( 2 ) and showed positive results for both immunoglobulins ( Table ). (cdc.gov)
  • The illness can evolve to severe dengue, characterized by shock, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, and/or serious organ impairment. (paho.org)
  • The disease can evolve into severe dengue, characterized by shock, shortness of breath, severe bleeding and / or complications in the organs. (paho.org)
  • d WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue/Severe Dengue), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (who.int)
  • Dengue hemorrhagic fever often begins with abrupt fever and headache and is initially indistinguishable from classic dengue. (msdmanuals.com)
  • or vaginal bleeding) but not meeting the case definition of dengue hemorrhagic fever. (cdc.gov)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of the first Brazilian infections have strongly indicated that the circulating virus is the Asian, rather than African, strain of the virus, and was genetically similar to the virus found in the outbreak in French Polynesia. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results strongly suggested that recent DEN virus transmission did not occur in the village and that most infections of residents of this rural village were acquired while visiting the city of Iquitos. (edu.pe)
  • Current assays to determine neutralising activity against viral infections in sera are costly in time and equipment and suffer from high variability. (pasteur.fr)
  • Viral load coverage (testing of eligible PLHIV) and viral suppression were calculated at select time points. (cdc.gov)
  • RVPs are "pseudoviruses" lacking viral components that enable replication, and so are safe under standard (BSL2) laboratory conditions, unlike many viruses or pandemic strains that require restrictive and limited (BSL4) facilities. (integralmolecular.com)
  • Our experience supplying the industry with RVPs reflecting the rapidly mutating SARS-CoV-2 virus enhanced our ability to quickly respond to evolving viral threats," said Kyle Doolan, PhD, Director of Research at Integral Molecular. (integralmolecular.com)
  • Like all plus-strand RNA viruses, the SARS-CoV-2 replication process within cells requires de novo production of viral RNA species, including single-strand (ss)RNA and double-strand (ds)RNA that can be sensed by cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) subsequently activating antiviral pathways 7 . (nature.com)
  • mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Control mosquitoes fed on West Nile virus--normal rabbit serum mixtures containing similar or smaller amounts of infectious virus were shown to become infected. (unicamp.br)
  • Mosquitoes ingesting suspensions of West Nile virus previously incubated with Murray Valley encephalitis or Ntaya antiserum became infected at significantly lower rates (P = less than 0-05) than controls ingesting West Nile virus-normal rabbit serum mixtures. (unicamp.br)
  • These mosquitoes can also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • mosquitoes might also transmit the virus. (cdc.gov)
  • mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Region of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Molecular screening of dengue virus in mosquitoes collected from field for early warning signals. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • Here we describe a robust, objective, and scalable Fluorescence Reduction Neutralisation Test (FluoRNT) for yellow fever virus, relying on flow cytometric detection of cells infected with a fluorescent Venus reporter containing variant of the yellow fever vaccine strain 17D (YF-17D-Venus). (pasteur.fr)
  • To demonstrate seroconversion, both acute and convalescent samples must be tested in parallel. (canada.ca)
  • These RVPs offer researchers a ready-to-use reagent to reliably test vaccinee serum for influenza neutralization, providing an alternative to the standard assay method requiring laborious preparation of live viruses in cells or eggs. (integralmolecular.com)
  • For this purpose, generic (g) and serotype specific (s) RT-PCR systems and the Plaque Reduction Neutralization Assay (PRNA) were used. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Plaque reduction and neutralization assay (PRNA) was used for serologic identification of BTV isolates. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Illness caused by Marburg virus begins abruptly, with high fever, severe headache, and severe malaise. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • 20 Adverse reactions include local tenderness, and, infrequently, fever, "most= often [affecting] people who have had no exposure to the influenza virus antigens in the vaccine (e.g. small children). (faqs.org)
  • It is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito infected with one of the four serotypes of dengue virus. (paho.org)
  • I'm delighted to welcome you to today's COCA call Updated CDC Laboratory Testing Guidance. (cdc.gov)
  • If IgM testing for dengue and chikungunya is indicated, commercial laboratory testing should be pursued. (phila.gov)
  • While the PADOH laboratory can conduct PCR testing for dengue and chikungunya, they do not offer dengue and chikungunya IgM testing. (phila.gov)
  • Accurate laboratory testing is a critical component of dengue and chikungunya surveillance and control. (who.int)
  • Samples from both deceased and live cases were taken and confirmed for Marburg virus by the National Public Health Laboratory. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • 1) Outbreaks of the more severe form of dengue, DHF, occurred in Cuba in 1981 (2) and in Venezuela in 1989. (cdc.gov)
  • 9) Outbreaks of indigenous dengue transmission occurred in Texas in 1980 and again in 1986. (cdc.gov)
  • 1 Estimated to bear around 70% of the global burden, the Asia Pacific region (comprising the World Health Organization [WHO] South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions) is an area of high dengue activity with multiple and large outbreaks occurring yearly. (who.int)
  • In the Western Pacific Region in 2014 alone, there were outbreaks involving 1513 dengue cases in Solomon Islands, 2 45 171 cases in China and 108 698 cases in Malaysia. (who.int)
  • Of primary concern is the risk of dengue transmission within the continental United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Approximately 500 million people in the Americas are today at risk of dengue. (paho.org)
  • Hundreds of thousands of cases of dengue and DHF are reported each year in tropical regions of the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania. (cdc.gov)
  • From 1980 through 1987, 879 632 cases of dengue were reported to the Pan American Health Organization from countries in the American region. (cdc.gov)
  • 13-15) From 1980 through 1989, 1457 suspected and 276 confirmed cases of dengue in the continental United States and Hawaii were reported to the Centers for Disease Control. (cdc.gov)
  • Although the incidence of hemorrhagic dengue in United States travelers abroad is low,(13,15) clinicians in this country may encounter severe cases of dengue, particularly among immigrants from areas with a high incidence of DHF. (cdc.gov)
  • The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is specific and sensitive. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The PRNT requires live dengue viruses for the test and is labor-intensive and expensive. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We tested a series of 2′-C- or 2′-O-methyl-substituted nucleosides, 2′-C-fluoro-2′-C-methyl-substituted nucleosides, 3′-O-methyl-substituted nucleosides, 3′-deoxynucleosides, derivatives with 4′-C-azido substitution, heterobase-modified nucleosides, and neplanocins for their ability to inhibit ZIKV replication in cell culture. (paho.org)
  • Antiviral activity was identified when 2′-C-methylated nucleosides were tested, suggesting that these compounds might represent promising lead candidates for further development of specific antivirals against ZIKV. (paho.org)
  • 4 , 5 MVEV also infects a wide range of native and non-native animals, 6 but the role of these species in maintenance and transmission of the virus is unclear. (mja.com.au)
  • Urban transmission cycles of arboviruses in densely populated tropical regions can result in explosive epidemics and pandemics, although there can also be low levels of transmission only sufficient to maintain the viruses in the population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once an individual is infected with the virus, it can spread through human-to-human transmission via direct contact with the blood, secretions or other body fluids of infected or deceased people. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Larval ticks acquire the virus after feeding on an infected rodent, but this mode of transmission is relatively inefficient because the duration of infectivity to ticks is short (2-3 days) [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additional efforts include tracing and testing household contacts of confirmed cases to improve household transmission data. (ivi.int)
  • Mellor PS, Boorman J (1995): The transmission and geographical spread of African horse sickness and bluetongue viruses. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • In this regard, a biologically relevant non-human primate model, in which macaques are passively immunized with Abs against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) followed by repeated mucosal challenges with a heterologous R5 SHIV at low doses, may mimic key aspects of HIV-1 transmission among humans and thus play an important role in dissecting the mechanism(s) of Ab action in HIV-1 transmission and its prevention [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Early passive immunization studies in primates were performed with single high-dose, intravenous virus challenges rather than low-dose mucosal virus exposures that more closely resemble sexual HIV-1 transmission among humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TWiV 1047: Long COVID and avian flu in ferrets September 24, 2023 TWiV explains a study of postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years, and airborne transmission of human-isolated avian H3N8 influenza virus between ferrets. (microbe.tv)
  • Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
  • Combined with the dengue virus RNA amplification test, it can provide a diagnosis within the first 1 to 7 days of illness. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 14,18,19) Nevertheless through the first half of the 20th century, dengue was generally described as a self-limited, nonfatal febrile illness, with occasional hemorrhagic manifestations such as petechiae, epistaxis, gingival bleeding and menorrhagia, that only rarely resulted in more severe or fatal outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • No hemagglutinin has been prepared from MRM3630, but mouse antiserum to the virus (after 3 or 4 weekly intraperitoneal inoculations) did not inhibit hemagglutination by Group A (Sindbis, Getah, Ross River), Group B (Murray Valley encephalitis) or Koongol group (Koongol, Wongal) antigens. (cdc.gov)
  • The person with the positive test result reported no travel during the 2 weeks preceding symptom onset. (medscape.com)
  • Circulatory collapse and multiorgan failure, called dengue shock syndrome, may develop rapidly 2 to 6 days after onset. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overseas experience with WNV and JEV encephalitis suggests that IgM in serum usually appears 4-9 days after disease onset and can persist for months. (mja.com.au)
  • Twenty-four national-level public health laboratories performed routine diagnostic assays on a proficiency testing panel consisting of two modules. (who.int)
  • RVPs display a quantitative and reproducible readout, enabling simple virus infectivity neutralization assays. (integralmolecular.com)
  • Mertens PPC, Maan NS, Prasad G, Samuel AR, Shaw AE, Potgieter AC, Anthony SJ, Maan S (2007): Design of primers and use of RT-PCR assays for typing European bluetongue virus isolates: differentiation of field and vaccine strains. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of La Crosse encephalitis and Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the CSF has the potential to identify a broad range of pathogens in a single test (ref DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1803396). (medscape.com)
  • Dengue Branch and the Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, CID, Fort Collins, CO. Duane J. Gubler, Sc.D and Edward B. Hayes, MD. (cdc.gov)
  • is the vector mosquito for dengue and is widely distributed in the Americas. (paho.org)
  • Only Canada and continental Chile are free from dengue and its vector. (paho.org)
  • Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a vector-borne disease of ruminants disseminated in the tropics and sub-tropics. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • We assessed whether polyclonal IgG, isolated from rhesus monkeys (RMs) with high-titer nAbs (termed SHIVIG), could protect RMs against the R5-tropic tier-2 SHIV-2873Nip, which was heterologous to the viruses or HIV-1 envelopes that had elicited SHIVIG. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Haddow, A. J. (1) The isolation of what is believed to be a hitherto unrecorded virus is described. (paho.org)
  • In addition, the establishment and recent spread of lineage II WNV virus strains into Western Europe and the presence of neurovirulent and neuroinvasive strains among them is a cause of major concern. (mdpi.com)
  • PHILADELPHIA-Integral Molecular, a leader in providing safe, off-the-shelf Reporter Virus Particles (RVPs) to study vaccine efficacy, has expanded its extensive portfolio with RVPs for influenza strains recently recommended by WHO for 2023/2024 seasonal influenza vaccines. (integralmolecular.com)
  • As AIDS vaccine recipients will not be exposed to strains exactly matching any immunogens due to multiple HIV-1 quasispecies circulating in the human population worldwide, heterologous SHIV challenges are essential for realistic vaccine efficacy testing in primates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Breard E, Sailleau C, Nomikou K, Hamblin C, Mertens PP, Mellor PS, El Harrak M, Zientara S (2007): Molecular epidemiology of bluetongue virus serotype 4 isolated in Mediterranean Basin between 1979 and 2004. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Nikolakaki SV, Nomikou K, Koumbati M, Mangana O, Papanastassopoulou M, Mertens PPC, Papadopoulos O (2005): Molecular analysis of the NS3/NS3A gene of Bluetongue virus isolates from the 1979 and 1998-2001 epizootics in Greece and their segregation into two distinct groups. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Referred and suspected cases of HBV and HCV from different hospitals of Delhi and adjoining areas were confirmed by molecular diagnostic test (PCR/RT-PCR)targeting surface gene, core gene and 5'UTR gene region. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • To indicate the dengue virus type and genotype of the Dengue out-break with the help of molecular characterization and genotyping of dengue virus based on gene sequencing. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response. (lookformedical.com)
  • Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is found across Australia, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. (mja.com.au)
  • A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. (curehunter.com)
  • California encephalitis virus, a newly described agent. (medscape.com)
  • For symptomatic patients, it is important for providers to place separate testing orders for other arbovirus testing (dengue and chikungunya). (phila.gov)
  • Detailed studies on innate immune responses in human myeloid cells with a variety of dengue immune complexes should proceed forthwith. (blogspot.com)
  • On 21 March 2023, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of the United Republic of Tanzania declared an outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in the country. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • 7) Dengue or dengue-like epidemics were reported through- out the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Americas, southern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Australia and on various islands in the Indian Ocean, South and Central Pacific and the Caribbean. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2008, PAHO / WHO Member States established a Network of Dengue Laboratories of the Americas (RELDA), to strengthen technical capacities for diagnosing dengue. (paho.org)
  • To conduct an external quality assessment (EQA) of dengue and chikungunya diagnostics among national-level public health laboratories in the Asia Pacific region following the first round of EQA for dengue diagnostics in 2013. (who.int)
  • Only a few state laboratories or other specialized laboratories, including those at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), are capable of performing this specialized testing. (medscape.com)
  • We believe that the unanticipated results of the dengue vaccine efficacy trial in Thailand call for new methods of assessing dengue immunity. (blogspot.com)
  • With excellent reproducibility and ease of use, RVPs are commonly used as critical reagents for high-throughput testing of hundreds or thousands of samples in vaccine efficacy trials. (integralmolecular.com)
  • Dengue prevention and control must be intersectoral and involve the family and the community. (paho.org)
  • PAHO/WHO provides advice and technical support for dengue prevention and control based on a regional strategy adopted by PAHO / WHO member States in 2016, called the " Strategy for arboviral disease prevention and control " (CD55.R6). (paho.org)
  • Establishing standard sera for COVID-19 in partnership with the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. (ivi.int)
  • Dengue incidence has increased in the Americas over the past four decades, from 1.5 million cumulative cases in the 1980s to 16,2 million in the decade 2010-2019. (paho.org)
  • Global dengue incidence has increased in recent decades, though the actual numbers of dengue cases are masked by underreporting. (who.int)
  • In patients with pleurodynia, the striated intercostal muscles necrose, which explains the frequent elevations in serum creatine kinase levels. (medscape.com)
  • However, pleurodynia most commonly affects adults infected with the virus, with fewer than 10% of cases occurring in patients younger than 20 years. (medscape.com)
  • The finding, presented in Journal of Virology , is based on experiments involving mice and blood serum from patients. (azolifesciences.com)
  • The researchers also analyzed blood serum from patients infected by Chikungunya. (azolifesciences.com)
  • Chemistry findings are usually within the reference range, but hyponatremia (low serum sodium level) has been observed in up to 20% of patients in at least one case series. (medscape.com)
  • Although dengue is primarily a health problem of tropical areas, it is of potential concern to health care providers in the continental United States for two reasons. (cdc.gov)