• After an infection with one DENV serotype, antibodies induced are type specific and cross-react with other DENV serotypes ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In ADE, antibodies from a first dengue infection fail to neutralize a second dengue virus of a different serotype during re-infection. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • When a person is infected with the dengue virus for the first time, the immune system responds by producing antibodies specific to that serotype. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • These antibodies will neutralize the virus and aid in its clearance, thus resolving the infection. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • The antibodies from the first infection can't neutralize the new serotype effectively. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • For instance, infants born to dengue-immune mothers are at a higher risk of severe disease due to the presence of maternal antibodies, which can enhance viral infection. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • RVPs are most commonly used in neutralization assays, which measure the ability of serum or antibodies to prevent virus infectivity in vitro, with applications in vaccine development, antibody discovery, and serological testing. (wikipedia.org)
  • A related assay tests for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), a phenomenon where non-neutralizing antibodies against viruses can increase infectivity through their binding to the cellular Fc receptor, aiding entry of the virus into host cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nineteen national-level public health laboratories performed routine dengue diagnostic assays on a proficiency testing panel consisting of two modules: one containing commercial serum samples spiked with cultured dengue viruses for the detection of nucleic acid and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (Module A) and one containing human serum samples for the detection of anti-dengue virus antibodies (Module B). A review of logistics arrangements was also conducted. (who.int)
  • Antibodies to coxsackievirus B serotypes are present in 75% of the population in developed countries. (medscape.com)
  • Antiviral activities of antibodies may either be dependent only on interactions between the antibody and cognate antigen, as in binding and neutralization of an infectious virion, or instead may require interactions between antibody-antigen immune complexes and immunoproteins or Fc receptor expressing immune effector cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
  • These results were obtained even though 91% of the children had circulating dengue or Japanese encephalitis antibodies before vaccination, neutralizing antibodies developed to all 4 DENVs, and neutralizing antibody titers increased 2-3 fold after 3 doses of vaccine in 80%-90% of vaccinated children. (blogspot.com)
  • Studies on human primary immune responses to dengue infection have identified critical attachment sites on the virion for neutralizing antibodies ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
  • There is evidence that DENV neutralization titers differ when the same antibodies are assayed in epithelial and Fc-receptor-bearing cells ( 8 ). (blogspot.com)
  • When we tested neutralizing antibodies to one virus against the other, we found a low protective response to both. (azolifesciences.com)
  • The researchers analyzed neutralization by antibodies but also identified other factors in the mice's immune system that could influence this cross-protection. (azolifesciences.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies specific for dengue virus type 3. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Anti-merozoite vaccine studies have long relied on the standardized in vitro assay of growth inhibition activity (GIA) 12 , whereby purified IgG antibodies are tested against parasites cultured in human red blood cells (RBC) in the absence of other cell types. (nature.com)
  • Developed by scientists at the New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center and the University of Texas Medical Branch, the assay outperforms single antigen/antibody ZIKV IgM-Capture ELISA testing in overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value by detecting IgG-IgA-IgM antibodies to Zika Virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1-4. (healthresearch.org)
  • An extra step in our assay measures IgG antibodies by avidity testing, which determines the time-frame of infection, whether primary or secondary, and is quick and simple. (healthresearch.org)
  • TWiV 1045: Less Lassa, CRISPR RNA viruses September 17, 2023 TWiV reviews a Lassa virus mRNA vaccine that confers protection against disease without inducing neutralizing antibodies, and a CRISPR-based method for engineering the genome of RNA viruses. (microbe.tv)
  • Background: Maternal immunisation to boost respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antibodies in pregnant women, is a strategy being considered to enhance infant protection from severe RSV associated disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Methods: Using a plaque reduction neutralization assay, we screened 400 pairs of cord and maternal serum specimens from pregnant women for RSV-specific antibodies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The performance of the nanoribbon biosensor upon the use of two different types of molecular probes - the antibodies and the aptamers against HCVcoreAg - has been tested. (preprints.org)
  • Positive and equivocal samples were confirmed for anti-ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies by virus neutralization tests. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Six persons positive for Zika virus IgM fulfilled the criteria for laboratory confirmation of recent Zika virus infection adopted with definition according to the World Health Organization ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Outbreak of Zika virus infection in Singapore: an epidemiological, entomological, virological, and clinical analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Chu DT , Ngoc VTN , Tao Y . Zika virus infection in Vietnam: current epidemic, strain origin, spreading risk, and perspective. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus and the World Health Organization criteria for determining recent infection using plaque reduction neutralization testing. (cdc.gov)
  • Landry ML , St George K . Laboratory diagnosis of Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) result from infection by any of four serotypes of dengue viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengvaxia is safe and effective in reducing dengue-related hospitalizations and severe dengue among persons who have had dengue infection in the past. (cdc.gov)
  • Previous natural infection is important because Dengvaxia is associated with an increased risk for severe dengue in those who experience their first natural infection (i.e., primary infection) after vaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • ACIP recommends vaccination with Dengvaxia for children aged 9-16 having evidence of a previous dengue infection and living in areas where dengue is endemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Evidence of previous dengue infection, such as detection of anti-DENV immunoglobulin G with a highly specific serodiagnostic test, will be required for eligible children before vaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • The adaptive immune response that develops with infection by any DENV provides long-term immunity to the homologous virus and short-lived protection against heterologous DENV. (cdc.gov)
  • Whereas any dengue infection can lead to severe dengue, a second infection with a dengue virus is the most likely to cause severe dengue compared with the first and post-secondary infections ( 9 , 10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The primary cause of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is infection by one of the four dengue virus serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4). (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • Interestingly, it's not the first infection with the dengue virus that usually causes DHF but rather a subsequent infection with a different dengue serotype. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • Dengue virus infection has emerged as marker in clinical practice ( 11 ). (who.int)
  • Detection of ongoing/recent dengue virus infection by both molecular (RT-PCR) and serological methods (IgM) was available in 15/19 participating laboratories. (who.int)
  • Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality caused by any of four closely related virus serotypes (DENV-1,-2,-3 and -4), all of which circulate in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
  • Many medically important and emergent arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) originated in non-human primates (NHPs), which typically show no clinical signs of infection but become viraemic and help maintain the virus in nature [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While several lines of evidence suggest a protective role of T cells against disease associated with Dengue virus (DENV) infection, their potential contribution to immunopathology in the acute phase of DENV infection remains controversial, and it has been hypothesized that the more severe form of the disease (dengue hemorrhagic fever, DHF) is associated with altered T cell responses. (mdpi.com)
  • When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Myeloid cells are major targets of dengue infection in humans. (blogspot.com)
  • To our knowledge, only once has an in vitro test correctly predicted which children would be susceptible or have silent infections accompanying a second heterotypic dengue infection ( 9 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Since ZIKV, DENV and other flaviviruses including chikungunya, an arbovirus, co-circulate in the same regions, a positive result for one of these viruses does not preclude infection with the others. (healthresearch.org)
  • Another drawback of PRNT is that it has difficulties distinguishing the infecting virus (primary) in people with, or vaccinated against, a secondary infection. (healthresearch.org)
  • Following infection with one serotype, subsequent infection with a different serotype increases a person's risk of severe dengue and death. (paho.org)
  • The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
  • Given that these enhanced responses are triggered by failed attempts to control the infecting virus, VAED typically presents with symptoms related to the target organ of the infection pathogen. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • For this reason, synthetic HPV particles such as virus-like particles (VLPs), PsVs and quasivirions (QVs) have been substituted for native HPV virions in studies investigating aspects of infection, transmission, immunogenicity, and viral structure [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Infection induces long-life protection against the infecting serotype, but it gives only a short time cross protective immunity against the other types. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • Thus, the incidence of infection with these five viruses is generally lowest in industrialized and developed countries and highest in less-developed regions. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The present invention is relative to chimerical peptides, whose primary structure holds at least one segment which inhibits the activation of the NS3 protease of a virus from the Flaviviridae family, they also contain a cell penetrating segment and they are capable of inhibiting or attenuate the viral infection. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • This invention is also relative to pharmaceutical compounds which contain these chimerical peptides for the prevention and/or treatment of the infection caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • 1. Chimerical peptides, characterized by having a primary structure comprising at least one segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease from a virus of the Flaviviridae family and a cell penetrating segment and these peptides are able to inhibit or attenuate the infection by the virus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Dengue is caused by four closely related viruses (DENV-1-4), and a person can be infected with each serotype for a total of four infections during their lifetime. (cdc.gov)
  • The four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4) all circulate globally, and most countries where dengue is endemic have reported circulation of all four serotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue is endemic throughout the tropics and subtropics, with an estimated 3.8 billion persons (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.5 billion-4.1 billion), or approximately 53% of the global population, living in areas suitable for DENV transmission ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Some arboviruses, like dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV), have become fully adapted to urban cycles and no longer require NHPs, forest mosquitoes and a sylvatic cycle for their maintenance [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although dengue virus (DENV) control strategies have targeted vector control and disease surveillance, the development of an effective vaccine is the holy grail of prevention. (blogspot.com)
  • A candidate vaccine (Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA) containing all 4 DENV serotypes is in advanced clinical testing. (blogspot.com)
  • The first observation was that a single dose of 4 live-attenuated chimeric DENVs given subcutaneously at a single site failed to raise type-specific protective immunity against the 4 DENV serotypes, and 2) doses 2 and 3 of the Sanofi Pasteur vaccine given to children over a 1-year period failed to improve efficacy outcomes. (blogspot.com)
  • Although protective immunity was raised in susceptible rhesus monkeys inoculated with all 4 DENVs at a single site, inoculation of 4 chimeric dengue viruses at 1 or 2 sites did not result in neutralizing antibody responses to all 4 DENV ( 3 ). (blogspot.com)
  • In clinical testing of the Sanofi Pasteur vaccine, failure of multiple booster doses to show protection was unexpected because the children were already substantially immune from prior exposure to DENV or Japanese encephalitis vaccine. (blogspot.com)
  • The four dengue serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4) circulate throughout the Americas, and in some countries simultaneously. (paho.org)
  • Dengue is caused by Dengue virus (DENV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • DENV is an single stranded RNA positive-strand virus of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • DENV causes a wide range of diseases in humans, from a self limited Dengue Fever (DF) to a life-threatening syndrome called Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) or Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) . (denguevirusnet.com)
  • DENV is a 50-nm virus enveloped with a lipid membrane (see figure 1). (denguevirusnet.com)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) share a lot of similarities being both phylogenetically closely related, share the same insect vector passage for reaching the host, affinity for the same carbohydrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Airport sentinel surveillance and entry quarantine for dengue infections following a fever screening program in Taiwan. (cdc.gov)
  • 2004 . Clinical diagnosis and assessment of severity of confirmed dengue infections in Vietnamese children: is the world health organization classification system helpful? (ajtmh.org)
  • Dengue can be caused by any one of the four distinct but related viruses, and a person can be infected with each serotype for a total of four dengue infections during their lifetime ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The risk for severe dengue varies on the basis of many factors, including the number of previous dengue infections a person has had. (cdc.gov)
  • Overview of Arbovirus, Arenavirus, and Filovirus Infections Arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) is defined as any virus that is transmitted to humans and/or other vertebrates by certain species of blood-feeding arthropods, mostly insects (flies and mosquitoes). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The majority (~75%) of infections in humans are asymptomatic, but a small proportion of symptomatic patients develops severe dengue characterized by rapid progression into shock, severe bleeding and/or multiorgan impairment, which leads to death if unattended or mismanaged. (who.int)
  • Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. (frontiersin.org)
  • An important difference to note, however, was that the Zika epidemic diffused in a shorter time span compared to the persisting feature of Dengue infections, which is endemic in many Asian countries. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review discusses similarities between Dengue and Zika infections, comparing their disease transmissions and vectors involved, and both the innate and adaptive immune responses in these infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which may be useful indicators for future anti-viral targets or predictors for disease severity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) has been presumed to be endemic in Southeast Asia (SEA), with a low rate of human infections. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Fritzell C , Rousset D , Adde A , Kazanji M , Van Kerkhove MD , Flamand C . Current challenges and implications for dengue, chikungunya and Zika seroprevalence studies worldwide: A scoping review. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue-like epidemics occurred in Egypt and on Java in 1779, but these may actually have been caused by chikungunya virus. (cdc.gov)
  • For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we review the investigation methods and available data on sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates and dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses in Africa, dengue viruses in Asia and yellow fever virus in the Americas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A study conducted at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil suggests people previously infected by Chikungunya virus may develop partial immunity to Mayaro virus. (azolifesciences.com)
  • Mayaro virus and Chikungunya virus both belong to the family Togaviridae. (azolifesciences.com)
  • TWiV 1047: Long COVID and avian flu in ferrets September 24, 2023 TWiV explains a study of postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years, and airborne transmission of human-isolated avian H3N8 influenza virus between ferrets. (microbe.tv)
  • Matters Microbial #18: The Perfect Predator: Why Phage is Rage November 30, 2023 Today Dr. Steffanie Strathdee, Associate Dean of Global Health Sciences at UC San Diego and Co-Director at the Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, will chat with us about how bacteriophages-viruses that attack bacteria-changed her life and are becoming part of our future. (microbe.tv)
  • TWiEVO 95: Watering the viruses until they bloom November 14, 2023 Nels and Vincent discuss how the rewetting of seasonally dried soils, a critical event in Mediterranean grasslands that reactivates dormant soil microorganisms, leading to pulses of carbon and nitrogen mineralization, and is accompanied by a bloom of viral diversity, followed by extensive viral community turnover. (microbe.tv)
  • Although the incidence of hemorrhagic dengue in United States travelers abroad is low,(13,15) clinicians in this country may encounter severe cases of dengue, particularly among immigrants from areas with a high incidence of DHF. (cdc.gov)
  • 17) Hemorrhagic manifestations, including gastrointestinal hemorrhage, were described during dengue epidemics in Texas and Louisiana in 1922. (cdc.gov)
  • 14,18,19) Nevertheless through the first half of the 20th century, dengue was generally described as a self-limited, nonfatal febrile illness, with occasional hemorrhagic manifestations such as petechiae, epistaxis, gingival bleeding and menorrhagia, that only rarely resulted in more severe or fatal outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute and potentially lethal complication of dengue fever, a tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • What Causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever? (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • Dengue can also cause potentially fatal hemorrhagic fever with a bleeding tendency and shock. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Treatment is symptomatic and, for dengue hemorrhagic fever, includes meticulously adjusted intravascular volume replacement. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dengue hemorrhagic fever - Do we know its cause? (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Hundreds of thousands of cases of dengue and DHF are reported each year in tropical regions of the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania. (cdc.gov)
  • From 1980 through 1987, 879 632 cases of dengue were reported to the Pan American Health Organization from countries in the American region. (cdc.gov)
  • The second reason dengue should concern health care providers in this country is the potential for encountering cases of dengue among travelers arriving from dengue-endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
  • 13-15) From 1980 through 1989, 1457 suspected and 276 confirmed cases of dengue in the continental United States and Hawaii were reported to the Centers for Disease Control. (cdc.gov)
  • 50-100 million cases of dengue fever brate hosts of dengue virus in nature cessed by multiplex polymerase chain and 500 000 of dengue haemorrhagic are humans and several species of Asian reaction (PCR) in which the presence fever (DHF) reported annually ( 4 ). (who.int)
  • Of primary concern is the risk of dengue transmission within the continental United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Approximately 500 million people in the Americas are today at risk of dengue. (paho.org)
  • Asymptomatic humans transmit dengue virus to mosquitoes. (cdc.gov)
  • These mosquitoes are highly adaptive to the human environment, coupled with increasing urbanization and inadequate vector control, which has led to a surge in dengue transmission in urban and semi-urban settings. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • all the rest were travelers arriving from dengue-endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Areas where dengue is endemic in the United States and its territories and freely associated states include Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue is endemic to the tropical regions of the world in latitudes from about 35 ° north to 35 ° south. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 10 years living in areas where dengue is endemic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 1) Outbreaks of the more severe form of dengue, DHF, occurred in Cuba in 1981 (2) and in Venezuela in 1989. (cdc.gov)
  • 9) Outbreaks of indigenous dengue transmission occurred in Texas in 1980 and again in 1986. (cdc.gov)
  • There is currently no specific treatment for dengue, and vector control and vaccination are the only effective methods to prevent future outbreaks. (who.int)
  • In the Western Pacific Region, dengue outbreaks occur yearly in multiple countries, driven by a complex interplay of virus, vector and host biology, climatic and socioeconomic factors as well as international travel and trade. (who.int)
  • In 2013, outbreaks resulted in 44 098 dengue cases in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, 39 222 cases in Malaysia, 10 548 cases in New Caledonia and 22 170 cases in Singapore. (who.int)
  • These serotypes share structural antigens yet are serologically and genetically distinct. (cdc.gov)
  • Immunological and biophysical separation of dengue-2 antigens. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Here, a serotype is a group of viruses classified together based on their antigens on the surface of the virus. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • The vaccine is a live-attenuated, chimeric tetravalent dengue vaccine built on a yellow fever 17D backbone. (cdc.gov)
  • When the tetravalent dengue chimeric vaccine was given to partially dengue-immune children and adults in the Philippines, a broad neutralizing antibody response was observed after administration of only 2 vaccine doses ( 7 ). (blogspot.com)
  • It causes high fever and the typical flu-like symptoms seen in dengue and leads to severe bleeding, blood plasma leakage, and low platelet count. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • Instead, they aid the virus entering host cells, enhancing its reproduction ability and leading to severe disease. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • This leads to increased viral replication, a higher viral load, and a much more severe disease, resulting in DHF or even more severe dengue shock syndrome (DSS). (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • A pregnant woman can pass the dengue virus to her fetus during pregnancy or around the time of birth, although the rate of vertical transmission appears low (see World Health Organization [WHO]: Dengue and severe dengue ). (msdmanuals.com)
  • d WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue/Severe Dengue), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (who.int)
  • The illness can evolve to severe dengue, characterized by shock, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, and/or serious organ impairment. (paho.org)
  • The disease can evolve into severe dengue, characterized by shock, shortness of breath, severe bleeding and / or complications in the organs. (paho.org)
  • Other viruses, principally from the families Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Flaviviridae, Filoviridae, and Herpesviridae , also cause hepatitis as part of systemic diseases, but these are generally not grouped with the hepatitis viruses. (nationalacademies.org)
  • 10. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, where the mentioned virus from the Flaviviridae family is a Hepacivirus and specifically HCV. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • This allows me to test the exciting hypothesis that a non-HIV antigen may be required to elicit HIV-bnAbs. (wrfseattle.org)
  • The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. (frontiersin.org)
  • Some functions, such as neutralization, mainly depend on interaction of the Fv domain ( Figure 1A ) with antigen and are therefore predominantly Fc domain independent. (frontiersin.org)
  • This was determined by indirect immunofluorescent (IF) staining of cultures using monoclonal antibody against a dengue-3 type-specific antigen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Dengue-1 PI cultures stained with this antibody 3 days after superinfection with dengue-3 virus (m.o.i. of 2) had dengue-3 antigen in 0.1 to 1.0% of the cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Control cultures infected with dengue-3 at the same multiplicity contained dengue-3 antigen in greater than 90% of the cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A small population of cells was also found (about 1%) that contained type-specific antigen of both dengue virus types. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • PsVs for Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCV) have been generated by co-transfection with the VP1 and VP2 genes of MCV strain 339 and a Green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter plasmid of 293TT cells engineered to stably express the cDNA of Simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human leucocyte antigen ( HLA ) -DR plays a crucial role in the immune response against hepatitis B virus (HBV). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dengue Branch and the Division of Vector Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, CID, Fort Collins, CO. Duane J. Gubler, Sc.D and Edward B. Hayes, MD. (cdc.gov)
  • Robert H. Purcell is head of the Hepatitis Viruses Section of the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (nationalacademies.org)
  • 2015 we analysed the serum samples of 140 patients with a suspicion of dengue, using ELISA and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. (who.int)
  • Les échantillons de sérum de 140 patients susceptibles d'avoir contracté le virus de la dengue ont été analysés entre mai et octobre 2015 à l'aide du test ELISA et de l'amplification en chaîne par polymérase multiplexe. (who.int)
  • From 1981 through 1986, 796 386 cases of DHF and 9774 deaths caused by dengue were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) from countries in Southeast Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this programme was to assess dengue diagnostic proficiency among national-level public health laboratories in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
  • The World Health Organization announced on January 8th that Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine was not recommended for pregnant women unless they are at particularly high risk for the virus or a health care worker. (brmi.online)
  • Thai, 1 Zika virus isolate from a worker with an imported case acquired in Thailand. (cdc.gov)
  • Khongwichit S , Wikan N , Auewarakul P , Smith DR . Zika virus in Thailand. (cdc.gov)
  • Serologic testing for Zika virus: comparison of three Zika virus IgM-screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and initial laboratory experiences. (cdc.gov)
  • Persistence of Zika virus in body fluids-preliminary report. (cdc.gov)
  • Nicastri E , Castilletti C , Liuzzi G , Iannetta M , Capobianchi MR , Ippolito G . Persistent detection of Zika virus RNA in semen for six months after symptom onset in a traveller returning from Haiti to Italy, February 2016. (cdc.gov)
  • 181B potentially associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) has highlighted the urgent need to identify individuals infected with ZIKV. (who.int)
  • A detailed comparison of the engagement of ZAb_FLEP antibody with the FLEP epitope on the Zika virus (ZIKV) based on a cryo-EM structure and EDE I C8 antibody with the EDE epitope was peer-reviewed and published in 2020 . (mit.edu)
  • Low Zika Virus Seroprevalence in Vientiane, Laos, 2003-2015. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Zika virus seroprevalence observed in the studied blood donors was low, 4.5% in 2003-2004 with an increase in 2015 to 9.9% (P = 0.002), possibly reflecting the increase of ZIKV incident cases reported over this period. (ox.ac.uk)
  • more recently, dengue incidence has increased in Central and South America. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dengue incidence has increased in the Americas over the past four decades, from 1.5 million cumulative cases in the 1980s to 16,2 million in the decade 2010-2019. (paho.org)
  • ABSTRACT Dengue is one of the most important arthropod-borne viral diseases. (who.int)
  • Dengue virus is transmitted to was approved by the Ethics Committee borne viral diseases worldwide ( 1 ). (who.int)
  • Although ideal for studying the effects of the immune response on virus entry, RVPs are replication-incompetent, and therefore typically do not allow study of the later stages of the viral life cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • RVPs formed by pseudotyping contain the native form of the viral Envelope (or Spike) protein, but may not contain other structural elements from the original virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • PsV systems permit the continuous production of virus particles mimicking naturally occurring particles, and provide high-throughput systems for evaluating anti-viral agents and vaccine candidates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inability of a mixture of 4 dengue chimeric viruses to elicit an initial primary neutralizing antibody response in nonhuman primates and susceptible humans was recognized during preclinical testing and explained by the phenomenon of interference ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
  • To sum up, the cause of DHF is multi-factorial, involving not only the dengue virus and its serotypes but also the human immune response, the vector mosquito species, and various ecological factors. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • Guirakhoo F, Catalan JA, Monath TP (1995): Adaptation of bluetongue virus in mosquito cells results in overexpression of NS3 proteins and release of virus particles. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Dengue is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. (paho.org)
  • is the vector mosquito for dengue and is widely distributed in the Americas. (paho.org)
  • It is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito infected with one of the four serotypes of dengue virus. (paho.org)
  • The major difference for humans lies in subtle differences in the surface proteins of the different dengue subtypes. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • Serum samples from children given ≥1 doses of the dengue chimeric vaccine can now be tested for primary neutralizing antibody responses to each of the 4 DENVs. (blogspot.com)
  • The Pneumococcal Opsonization Igm Competition Assay reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (chipgrade.com)
  • DHF is marked by the unique clinical features that differentiate it from common dengue fever. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • Dengue fever usually results in abrupt onset of high fever, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, and generalized lymphadenopathy, followed by a rash that appears with a recurrent fever after an afebrile period. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This genus includes also the West Nile virus, Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus, Yellow Fever Virus, and several other viruses which may cause encephalitis. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • My curiosity about viruses and immunity stems from my undergraduate studies. (wrfseattle.org)
  • The Omicron S-bearing virus robustly escapes vaccine-induced humoral immunity, mainly due to mutations in the receptor-binding motif (RBM), yet unlike naturally occurring Omicron, efficiently replicates in cell lines and primary-like distal lung cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • We believe that the unanticipated results of the dengue vaccine efficacy trial in Thailand call for new methods of assessing dengue immunity. (blogspot.com)
  • The early history of dengue is clouded by the similarity of its clinical picture to that of other febrile illnesses. (cdc.gov)
  • The 2012 WNV season in the United States saw a massive spike in the number of neuroinvasive cases and deaths similar to what was seen in the 2002-2003 season, according to the West Nile virus disease cases and deaths reported to the CDC by year and clinical presentation, 1999-2012, by ArboNET (Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (mdpi.com)
  • 1,2 Dengue presentation is broad and non-specific, which may confound clinical diagnosis. (who.int)
  • Moderna have been claiming that neutralization activity against the more immune-evasive variants has fallen below the protection level at the 6-8 month point in the clinical trial subjects, so seeing a lot of breakthroughs in Israel and at this time makes sense if they were indeed correct. (nakedcapitalism.com)
  • Challenges in the management of strongyloidiasis arise from wide ranging clinical presentations, lack of practical high sensitivity diagnostic tests, and a fatal outcome in immunocompromised hosts. (bvsalud.org)
  • One of the earliest, if not the first, dengue epidemics described in the medical literature occurred in Philadelphia in 1780. (cdc.gov)
  • 5-7) Dengue epidemics were reported in various parts of the south- eastern United States through the 19th and 20th centuries, (6) most recently in Louisiana in 1945. (cdc.gov)
  • 7) Dengue or dengue-like epidemics were reported through- out the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Americas, southern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Australia and on various islands in the Indian Ocean, South and Central Pacific and the Caribbean. (cdc.gov)
  • 7) Deaths occurred during dengue epidemics in Australia in 1897 and in Greece in 1928, when over 1000 deaths were reported. (cdc.gov)
  • Urban transmission cycles of arboviruses in densely populated tropical regions can result in explosive epidemics and pandemics, although there can also be low levels of transmission only sufficient to maintain the viruses in the population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As stated by Kuno & Chang [ 15 ], "The three commonly used data for identifying vertebrate reservoirs for arboviruses have been (i) virus isolation from suspected animals, (ii) relatively high antibody prevalence in the animals captured in the field and (iii) demonstration of viraemia (of higher virus titre and duration) in the suspected animals typically obtained under laboratory conditions" [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As an alternative, antibody-secreting cells may be isolated and their products identified by using methods as described for dengue-infected children in Nicaragua ( 5 ). (blogspot.com)
  • We and others have described the unique biologic responses when dengue virus-antibody complexes are presented to myeloid cells ( 8 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Mertens PPC, Maan NS, Prasad G, Samuel AR, Shaw AE, Potgieter AC, Anthony SJ, Maan S (2007): Design of primers and use of RT-PCR assays for typing European bluetongue virus isolates: differentiation of field and vaccine strains. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • In addition, the establishment and recent spread of lineage II WNV virus strains into Western Europe and the presence of neurovirulent and neuroinvasive strains among them is a cause of major concern. (mdpi.com)
  • These four subtypes are different strains of dengue virus that have 60-80% homology between each other. (denguevirusnet.com)
  • Thus they are safe to work with under BSL-2 conditions, enabling the study of highly pathogenic viruses using standard laboratory facilities. (wikipedia.org)
  • The potential for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 to be associated with disease enhancement is of theoretical concern, given similar observations with other respiratory viruses in general, and in animal models of highly pathogenic coronaviruses in particular [14] . (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • Since the initial outbreak of the disease, it has been recognized that the sensitivities and specificities for current ZIKV testing algorithms have shortcomings. (healthresearch.org)
  • With proper design and quality control, RVPs remain stable under common assay conditions and yield reproducible results that correlate with those obtained from live virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • This type of RVP facilitates exceptional reliability and reproducibility of neutralization assay results, while maintaining antigenicity and safety. (wikipedia.org)
  • For this purpose, generic (g) and serotype specific (s) RT-PCR systems and the Plaque Reduction Neutralization Assay (PRNA) were used. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Plaque reduction and neutralization assay (PRNA) was used for serologic identification of BTV isolates. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • DHF and DSS are also influenced by various other factors, such as the strain and serotype of the dengue virus, age, genetic predisposition, and the individual's immune status. (tanzirislambritto.com)
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • Pseudoviruses (PsV) are synthetic viruses that can include genetic material such as DNA and RNA, and are closely related to the structures and characteristics of its native viruses, but lack characteristics shown in the authentic viruses such as capability for replication [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RVPs offer flexibility for different uses, as they are antigenically identical to wild-type virus, and can be engineered with various proteins or express mutant envelopes to study infectivity or antigenicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alternatively, for structurally complex viruses such dengue and Zika viruses, RVPs are engineered to be antigenically identical to wild-type virus, using all of the structural proteins of the native virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • This first round of external quality assessment of dengue diagnostics was successfully conducted in national-level public health laboratories in the WHO Western Pacific Region, revealing good proficiency in both molecular and serological testing. (who.int)
  • The notion that rubella wasonly a mild illness of children was dispelled in 1941, whenNorman Gregg, an Australian ophthalmic surgeon, reportedthe devastating teratogenic effects of the virus (47). (vdocuments.net)
  • Detailed studies on innate immune responses in human myeloid cells with a variety of dengue immune complexes should proceed forthwith. (blogspot.com)
  • Dengue prevention and control must be intersectoral and involve the family and the community. (paho.org)
  • PAHO/WHO provides advice and technical support for dengue prevention and control based on a regional strategy adopted by PAHO / WHO member States in 2016, called the " Strategy for arboviral disease prevention and control " (CD55.R6). (paho.org)
  • Classic examples of VAED are atypical measles and enhanced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occurring after administration of inactivated vaccine for these pathogens. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • On average, people infected with the delta variant had about 1,000 times more copies of the virus in their respiratory tracts than those infected with the original strain of the coronavirus, the study reported. (nakedcapitalism.com)
  • Dengue vaccine development has spanned many decades. (blogspot.com)
  • Breard E, Sailleau C, Nomikou K, Hamblin C, Mertens PP, Mellor PS, El Harrak M, Zientara S (2007): Molecular epidemiology of bluetongue virus serotype 4 isolated in Mediterranean Basin between 1979 and 2004. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Each belongs to an entirely different family of viruses, and they have very little in common except the target organ they affect, the liver, and a certain degree of shared epidemiology. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Changes in human ecology and behavior have had discernable effects on the epidemiology of the hepatitis viruses in different ways and to different degrees. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Pneumococcal carriage and serotypes were investigated using both conventional and molecular methods. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hyatt AD, Gould AR, Coupar B, Eaton BT (1991): Localization of the non-structural protein NS3 in bluetongue virus-infected cells. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • The virus has a genome of about 11000 bases that encodes a single large polyprotein that is subsequently cleaved into several structural and non-structural mature peptides. (denguevirusnet.com)