• Long-term persistence of gene expression from adeno-associated virus serotype 5 in the mouse airways. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 1 IU/dL) without antibodies to adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (AAV5) detected by an FDA-approved test. (primetherapeutics.com)
  • Onasemnogene abeparvovec, marketed under the name Zolgensma, directly replaces the SMN1 gene using a non-replicating, non-pathogenic modified adeno-associated virus serotype-9 (AAV9). (bmj.com)
  • According to the World Health Organization 5 , almost two million people in the Americas suffered from dengue virus infection in 2019, and more recent data showed that four billion people suffer from dengue and related viruses such as Zika and Chikungunya in 128 countries worldwide 6 . (nature.com)
  • It was the dominant serotype in 2019, out of the six serotypes recorded during that calendar year. (huji.ac.il)
  • Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have proven to be highly effective gene delivery tools for therapeutic research thanks to a variety of features, including minimal pathogenicity, sustained viral persistence, and the ability to target specific cells and tissue types with a variety of recombinant AAV serotypes (Büning 2019). (takarabio.com)
  • Iran reported outbreaks of BT in 2008, and Saudi Arabia reported infection without clinical signs, although the serotype(s) were not identified ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The durably protective antibody response to DENV after primary infection is serotype specific. (bvsalud.org)
  • (1, 2) where infection usually confers a lifelong serotype- specific immunity, but a temporary immunity to other serotypes. (who.int)
  • (3, 4) Moreover, subsequent infection with a different serotype can lead to more frequent and severe complications. (who.int)
  • Three serotypes are able to cause human infection. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection , B-cell disfunction, immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency, or severe combined immunodeficiency , are particularly at high risk of developing poliomyelitis when exposed to both wild-type polioviruses and vaccine-attenuated viruses present in the oral poliovirus vaccine. (medscape.com)
  • The activation of autophagy and ER stress during infection enhances virus reproduction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults. (medscape.com)
  • Influenza pneumonia: Amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride are approved for the prevention and treatment of influenza A virus infection. (medscape.com)
  • In humans this H5N1 Z virus binds better to the cells in a region deep in the lung instead of the normal site of human influenza virus infection that targets infection to the epithelial lining of the major and minor airways. (scitizen.com)
  • The route of infection is probably oral initially, but possibly by the conjunctival or respiratory route and the incubation period is 3-5 days. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Purified AAV particles carrying the fluorescent protein ZsGreen1 were used for infection of three different cell lines (CHO, RD, and HT1080) at 5,000 vector genomes per cell (serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 6) or 50,000 vector genomes per cell (serotype 5). (takarabio.com)
  • Dengue infection is caused by the dengue virus that belongs to the family Flaviviridae . (mims.com)
  • This study aimed to determine the incidences of dengue-like illness (DLI), dengue virus (DENV) infection, and serotypes and to identify socio-demographical and entomological risk factors of DLI in selected suburban and rural communities in the Lao People's Democratic Republic and in Thailand. (who.int)
  • however, in most cases the clinical have a viral infection as the most common cause of results are not sufficient to allow a specific etiologic the disease3,5,13. (bvsalud.org)
  • Herpes simplex viruses (human herpesviruses types 1 and 2) commonly cause recurrent infection affecting the skin, mouth, lips, eyes, and genitals. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The rational design of dengue virus (DENV) vaccines requires a detailed understanding of the molecular basis for antibody-mediated immunity . (bvsalud.org)
  • However, there is an incomplete understanding of the antigenic determinants for DENV type-specific (TS) antibodies , especially for DENV serotype 3, which has only one well-studied, strongly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody (mAb). (bvsalud.org)
  • (5, 6, 8) In Hodeidah, 29% (116/400) of patients with dengue- like illnesses were reported to be infected with DENV, predominantly of serotype 2. (who.int)
  • Moreover, DENV in Hodeidah was co-circulating with chikungunya virus, which is also transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. (who.int)
  • Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dengue virus (DENV) is the most geographically widespread arbovirus causing dengue disease epidemics in tropical and subtropical regions. (ugm.ac.id)
  • and ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe), respectively, against all four serotypes of DENV infecting human lung epithelial carcinoma (A549) cell line in vitro. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Different levels of antiviral properties were observed between DENV serotypes. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Our findings suggest that the antiviral assay of compounds against DENV should be performed to all four serotypes and not limited to a particular serotype. (ugm.ac.id)
  • The quinoline compound showed significant activity against the viral pathogen serotype 2 (DENV-2). (nature.com)
  • It is caused by any of four Dengue virus types or serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4) and is transmitted by mosquitoes from the genus Aedes . (hindawi.com)
  • Dengue is an arthropod-borne disease caused by the Dengue virus (DENV) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • DENV is an enveloped, single-stranded, positive-strand RNA virus, member of the genus Flavivirus in the Flaviviridae family. (hindawi.com)
  • There are four distinct but antigenically related types or serotypes of DENV (DENV-1 to DENV-4). (hindawi.com)
  • While there has been no definitive association of the distinct DENV types with clinical course of disease, there are reports suggesting that DENV-2 and DENV-3 cause severe disease more frequently than the other serotypes and that DENV-4 causes a milder illness [ 23 , 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • DENV-2 was the most prevalent serotype in several outbreaks in the Americas [ 6 ] and was epidemiologically classified as the most relevant serotype worldwide due to its association with the highest number of intense outbreaks, followed in sequence by DENV-3, DENV-1, and DENV-4 [ 25 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Dengue virus (DENV), the virus that is responsible for dengue fever, hemorrhagic fever, and shock syndrome, is one such pathogen. (bio5.org)
  • Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that infects approximately 100 million people annually. (bio5.org)
  • Herein we describe a 5-h protocol for the purification of all DENV serotypes, utilizing traditional gradient-free ultracentrifugation followed by selective virion precipitation. (bio5.org)
  • This protocol allows for the separation of DENV from contaminating proteins - including intact C6/36 densovirus, for the production of infective virus at high concentration for protein-level analysis. (bio5.org)
  • 7 DENV-3 and DENV-2 were the most common serotypes. (who.int)
  • In Yemen, one of the poorest and least developed countries afflicted with vector- borne diseases (VBDs), dengue cases and outbreaks attributed to dengue virus serotypes 2 and 3 have been reported from Hodeidah city in the west and Al-Mukalla city in the east, respectively. (who.int)
  • Today, modern genetic subtyping methods provide scientists with additional information that is used to determine the serotypes and to identify, investigate, and trace outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • This review addresses vector distribution, dengue outbreaks, circulating serotypes and genotypes, and prevention approaches being utilized in Brazil. (hindawi.com)
  • Changes in circulating serotypes can be associated with large scale outbreaks. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] Changes in predominant serotypes can be associated with large-scale outbreaks of enteroviral illnesses. (medscape.com)
  • In this review article, we outline key characteristics of major gene therapy viruses-adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and lentivirus-and summarize the mechanisms regulating important steps in the virus journey from binding at peripheral nerve terminals to nuclear delivery. (frontiersin.org)
  • Upon local delivery, adenovirus (Ad) serotype 5 viruses use the coxsackie and Ad receptor (CAR) for cell binding and αv integrins for internalization. (gla.ac.uk)
  • When administered systemically, however, their role in liver tropism is limited because CARpermissive and mutated viruses show similar biodistribution, a finding recently attributed to blood coagulation factor (F) IX or complement protein C4BP binding to the adenovirus fiber and "bridging" to either low-density lipoprotein receptorrelated protein or heparan sulfate proteoglycans. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is a severe form of viral conjunctivitis that is usually caused by adenovirus serotypes Ad 5, 8, 11, 13, 19, and 37. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A single report of a fifth serotype DEN-5 in 2015 has not been replicated or further reported on. (wikipedia.org)
  • Twenty-five BTV serotypes have been identified on the basis of the specificity of reactions with neutralizing antibodies generated by their mammalian hosts ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Identification of Dengue Virus Serotype 3 Specific Antigenic Sites Targeted by Neutralizing Human Antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recombinant domains of the E protein are used as well-defined antigens in the serological detection of antibodies directed against dengue virus and as immunogens in vaccine candidates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Administration of rAAV5/5 vectors to both the nose and lungs led to the rapid development of rAAV5/5-neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that repeated administration may be severely hampered by host immune responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Antigenic characterization using a panel of serotype G1-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies classified lineage II isolates (1990-1993) as monotype G1a while lineage I isolates were classified as monotype G1b (1993-1995). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Derivation of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to human rotaviruses and evidence that an immunodominant neutralization site is shared between serotypes 1 and 3. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Simple and specific enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies for serotyping of human rotaviruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Antibodies to E2 can neutralize virus infectivity. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnostic tests for CSFV detection include RT-qPCR, virus isolation, immunofluorescence assay, and detection of antibodies by serologic tests such as ELISA and virus neutralization. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Sera from suspected cases of yellow fever as well as contacts of yellow fever confirmed cases and imported dengue fever cases were tested for immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-yellow fever virus and anti-dengue virus (for IgM antibodies to yellow fever and dengue viruses) and by a specific real time RT-PCR (Bio-Rad) for yellow fever virus and dengue virus viral RNA detection. (mysciencework.com)
  • Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors based on serotype 2 (rAAV2) have been used to deliver transgenes to the airways in a variety of pre-clinical and clinical studies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • More importantly, recombinant versions of these viruses have proven to be useful as improved gene transfer vehicles to a variety of targets such as the liver, cardiac and skeletal muscle, and the brain. (upenn.edu)
  • Prevexxion RN+HVT is an immunological veterinary medicinal product containing live recombinant Marek's disease (MD) virus, serotype 1, strain RN1250 and live attenuated Marek's disease (MD) virus, serotype 3, strain HVT FC126 as active substance . (europa.eu)
  • All Bluetongue serotypes share a common antigenic determinant called antigen protein P7, while the antigen protein Ps is variable and is used to determine the specific serotype of a virus (1-25). (purdue.edu)
  • In 2008, Egypt reported the absence of BT, and Egypt is the only country in the region to have prohibited BTV vaccination ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • of those, 29 were type b, the only serotype of H. influenzae preventable by vaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • While vaccinations have tamed many historically deadly viral diseases, there are still rogue viruses for which no vaccination strategy is available. (bio5.org)
  • The onset of immunity is 5 days after vaccination and the duration of immunity covers the entire risk period. (europa.eu)
  • 5. Receipt of previous vaccination against dengue virus. (who.int)
  • Poliovirus is an RNA virus that is transmitted through the oral-fecal route or by ingestion of contaminated water. (medscape.com)
  • The incubation period for poliovirus is 5-35 days. (medscape.com)
  • As of 25 February 2008, both countries that are endemic for poliomyelitis and those in which the virus has been reintroduced had made significant progress towards interrupting transmission of wild poliovirus since the intensified eradication effort was launched in February 2007. (who.int)
  • A61/5 of the appropriate oral poliovirus vaccine, in particular in those areas where not all the end-2007 milestones were reached. (who.int)
  • Inactivated and trivalent oral poliovirus vaccines contain either formalin- inactivated or live, attenuated poliovirus, respectively, of the three serotypes. (who.int)
  • Interference among the three attenuated poliovirus serotypes was minimized with a 'balanced- formulation' vaccine, and serologic responses after IPV were optimized by adjusting the antigenic content of each inactivated poliovirus serotype. (who.int)
  • We investigated gene transfer efficacy and duration of transgene expression following delivery of rAAV5/5 vectors to the mouse respiratory tract. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Importantly, in the lung, transgene expression mediated by rAAV5/5 was 40-fold greater than by rAAV2/2 vectors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Adult rats were injected with 5 × 1011 GC of the AAV vectors via direct cardiac injection and monitored for 1 month. (upenn.edu)
  • In a career spanning four decades, he has identified, isolated, and developed virus-based vectors for in vivo gene therapy. (upenn.edu)
  • His laboratory is responsible for discovering a new family of endogenous adeno-associated viruses (AAV) that have become best-in-class for in vivo gene therapy vectors. (upenn.edu)
  • Novel adeno-associated viruses from rhesus monkeys as vectors for human gene therapy. (upenn.edu)
  • Crucially, some viral vectors (i.e., viruses specifically used to deliver genetic material into cells) have the potential to circumvent the blood-brain- (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barriers (BSCB) when intravenously injected. (frontiersin.org)
  • iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes were infected with either purified AAV1, 2, 5, or 6 vectors. (takarabio.com)
  • AAV1, 2, 5, and 6 vectors carrying the ZsGreen1 gene were purified from producer cells cultured in five T225 flasks with the AAVpro Purification Kit Midi (All Serotypes) kit. (takarabio.com)
  • Our research centers around gene therapy using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. (umassmed.edu)
  • In order to test the purity of the system, AAV viral particles of each serotype (AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV5, and AAV6) carrying the fluorescent protein ZsGreen1 were purified from producer cells using the AAVpro Purification Maxi Kit (All Serotypes). (takarabio.com)
  • Viral particles from serotypes AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV5, and AAV6, each carrying the fluorescent protein ZsGreen1, were purified from producer cells cultured in five T225 flasks according to the the kit's user manual. (takarabio.com)
  • Bluetongue is an orbivirus which cross-reacts with many antigenically related viruses including Palyam virus and the viruses that cause epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer and African Horse sickness. (purdue.edu)
  • The diagram above shows a small subset of the viral genomes that are present in a virus stock. (virology.ws)
  • Initial diagnosis of BT based on clinical signs can be confirmed by virus isolation and characterization or identification of viral RNA by reverse transcription PCR. (cdc.gov)
  • The deduced amino acid sequences of the outer capsid protein, VP7, of serotype G1 rotavirus clinical isolates collected over a 6 year period (1990-1995) in Melbourne, Australia, were examined. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Clinical diagnostic laboratories report the test results to the doctor and submit Salmonella isolates to state public health laboratories for serotyping and DNA fingerprinting. (cdc.gov)
  • The benefit of Prevexxion RN+HVT is the stimulation of active immunity in one-day-old chicks to prevent mortality and reduce clinical signs and lesions caused by MD virus (including very virulent MD virus). (europa.eu)
  • It often has a benign clinical course, as most neck stiffness, and drowsiness3,5. (bvsalud.org)
  • Consequently, BTV outer capsid proteins, particularly viral protein (VP) 2 (encoded by Seg-2), show sequence variations that determine virus serotype ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Several molecules that interact with the viral E protein (ICAM3-grabbing nonintegrin, CD209, Rab 5, GRP 78, and the mannose receptor) have been shown to be important factors mediating attachment and viral entry. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5) has recently emerged as a leading candidate antigen against the blood-stage human malaria parasite. (nature.com)
  • 672\654\BAA02048.1\African horse sickness virus 9\African horse sickness virus 9 gene for NS3 protein, complete cds. (or.jp)
  • 1067\1050\AAC04609.1\African horse sickness virus 9\African horse sickness virus 9 segment 7 structural protein VP7gene, complete cds. (or.jp)
  • BLAST and phylogenetic analyses of BTV-1 showed that the nucleotide (nt) sequence coding the viral outer protein 1 (VP2) determining the serotype is closely related to BTV-1 isolated in Sudan in 1987, and the coding sequence of the outer protein 2 (VP5) is related to South African BTV-1 from 2017. (huji.ac.il)
  • Additionally, we are working to develop new methods to probe protein-protein interactions through the use of small molecules.Viruses can rapidly evolve and new tools are required to meet this ever-changing threat. (bio5.org)
  • Once again, viral particles carrying the fluorescent protein ZsGreen1 (serotypes 1, 2, 5, and 6) were purified from producer cells using the AAVpro Purification Kit Midi (All Serotypes), and titer of each purified vector was measured as described above. (takarabio.com)
  • The GMO MVA-HBV is a modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector (MVA) encoding a fusion of sequences derived from two hepatitis B virus (HBV) protein antigens. (biosafety.be)
  • gene of the human Respiratory syncitial virus fusion protein (RSV F). (biosafety.be)
  • Hospitalizations related to flu, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and COVID have fallen across the United States since December 2022. (cdc.gov)
  • Our results indicated that temporal genetic variation of the VP7 of serotype G1 rotaviruses was associated with changes in the antigenicity of these isolates. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • State public health laboratories routinely subtype Salmonella isolates by serotyping and by whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based subtyping. (cdc.gov)
  • The cause is a virus, Orthomyxovirus type A, its pathogenicity is variable, and isolates are designated sero-type/ species/location/reference number/year/subtype designation(H/N). Highly pathogenic forms are usually of the H groups 5 and 7 and may now be identified (if H5 or H7) by the presence of a sequence at the haemagglutinin cleavage site that codes for multiple basic amino acids. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Turmeric curcumin inhibits entry of all hepatitis C virus genotypes into human liver cells. (ugm.ac.id)
  • These viruses are resistant to ether and chloroform but can be inactivated by formaldehyde. (medscape.com)
  • Apathogenic and mildly pathogenic influenza A viruses occur worldwide. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • 2013. Fresh ginger (Zingiber officinale) has anti-viral activity against human respiratory syncytial virus in human respiratory tract cell lines. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Beyfortus™ (nirsevimab-alip): The FDA approved AstraZeneca's Beyfortus for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) in newborns and infants born during or entering their first RSV season, and for children up to 24 months of age who remain vulnerable to severe RSV disease through their second RSV season. (primetherapeutics.com)
  • Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. (medscape.com)
  • The virus replicates mainly in respiratory tissues of chickens and turkeys but in the intestinal tract of clinically normal waterfowl. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • These viruses are highly prevalent in bovine and ovine populations and can infect pigs. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Nevertheless, scientists' understanding of dengue virus may be simplistic as, rather than distinct antigenic groups, a continuum appears to exist. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1067\1050\AAB29954.1\African horse sickness virus 9\VP7 antigen [African horse sickness virus AHSV9, serotype 9,Genomic RNA, 1167 nt]. (or.jp)
  • Echovirus serotypes 1 and 8 bind a subunit of the very late antigen (VLA) integrin molecule. (medscape.com)
  • We report characterization of a novel BTV serotype identified in Kuwait in 2010. (cdc.gov)
  • characterization of these novel capsids revealed an expanded family of viruses that have great therapeutic promise (1-3). (upenn.edu)
  • Public health laboratories forward unusual serotypes to CDC's National Salmonella Reference Laboratory for further characterization or confirmation. (cdc.gov)
  • Serotyping has played an important role for decades in understanding the epidemiologic and molecular characterization of Salmonella . (cdc.gov)
  • Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a high consequence pathogen. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Such is the case with a wide range of LAMP-based research on pathogen detection, including many viruses, such as influenza , dengue , Chikungunya , and Zika . (thermofisher.com)
  • Bluetongue virus (BTV) infects ruminants, camelids, and occasionally large carnivores. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent findings suggest that as the virus infects human cells, host homeostatic processes such as autophagy and ER stress response, not to mention apoptosis, are triggered depending on the infected cell type. (wikipedia.org)
  • We develop new reactions (and re-appropriate old ones) to gain insight into how viruses infects new host cells. (bio5.org)
  • A distinct cellular preference for rAAV5/5-mediated transduction was observed, with transgene expression being predominantly restricted to sustentacular cells of the olfactory epithelium in the nose and alveolar type II cells in the lung. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. (frontiersin.org)
  • Human FX substantially enhanced hepatocyte transduction by CAR-permissive and mutated viruses in an ex vivo liver perfusion model. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Our AAVpro "All Serotypes" kits solve this issue through the use of a simple precipitation and filtration protocol (Figure 1) that can purify AAV particles with any capsid (i.e., from any serotype). (takarabio.com)
  • This was followed by SDS-PAGE for each sample, and all serotypes displayed the AAV capsid proteins (VP1, VP2, and VP3) as the major bands present, which confirmed the purity of the AAV particles. (takarabio.com)
  • 5 years are asymptomatic (although likely to become chronic), acute disease surveillance does not reflect the incidence of this problem in this age group or the effectiveness of hepatitis B vac- cination in infants. (cdc.gov)
  • 2013. Performance of commercial dengue NS1 ELISA and molecular analysis of NS1 gene of dengue viruses obtained during surveillance in Indonesia. (ugm.ac.id)
  • AAV9 provided global cardiac gene transfer stable for up to 1 year that was superior to other serotypes. (upenn.edu)
  • For example, the rhesus isolate AAV8 has shown improved gene transfer to liver, muscle, and photoreceptors (1, 4) whereas the human isolate AAV9 is capable of crossing endothelial and blood-brain barriers that enable it to target the heart and central nervous system (5, 6). (upenn.edu)
  • Virus-mediated gene therapy has the potential to deliver exogenous genetic material into specific cell types to promote survival and counteract disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene therapy viruses are non-replicating, but still hijack host cell machinery to express transgenes of interest in the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
  • Learn more about the importance of serotyping and CDC's Salmonella Atlas , a first-of-its-kind report that charts over 40 years of laboratory-confirmed surveillance data on 32 Salmonella serotypes . (cdc.gov)
  • H. influenzae serotype is not routinely reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 8 ] Serotype-based surveillance provides a mechanism for determining patterns of circulation and for identifying predominant serotypes. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, the table compares provisional data with final data for the previous year and highlights the number of reported cases among children aged less than 5 years, who are the primary focus of CII. (cdc.gov)
  • Classical swine fever is caused by a small, enveloped RNA virus in the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The global spread of dengue virus, however, has followed its emergence from sylvatic cycles and the primary lifecycle now exclusively involves transmission between humans and Aedes mosquitoes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Outbreak response activities must be fully implemented in Angola and Chad, where transmission of imported viruses has continued since 2005 and 2003, respectively. (who.int)
  • The extensive transmission of the virus was probably due to a combination of unvaccinated horses and a record high level of rainfall leading to an increase in the mosquito population. (medscape.com)
  • The term enterovirus reflects enteric transmission of the virus via person-to-person spread. (medscape.com)
  • Neonatal mice were injected with 2.5 × 1011 genome copies (GC) of AAV serotype 1, 6, 7, 8, or 9 expressing LacZ under the control of the constitutive chicken β-actin promoter with cytomegalovirus enhancer promoter via intrapericardial injection and monitored for up to 1 year. (upenn.edu)
  • A key point is that the genome sequences of viruses cluster around an average sequence, but every genome is probably different from that consensus. (virology.ws)
  • Virus isolation from blood of a viremic animal is the most definitive means of BTV diagnosis. (purdue.edu)
  • Until 1998, an average of 8-10 cases associated with the vaccine virus were reported every year. (medscape.com)
  • The incidence of both conditions dropped after release of a vaccine against feline leukemia virus, but now the incidence of FIP is rising. (avma.org)
  • The development of an effective vaccine against the merozoite has proved exceptionally challenging, hindered by substantial levels of polymorphism in the most widely studied candidate antigens 4 and redundant erythrocyte invasion pathways 5 . (nature.com)
  • Seroconversion is dependent on both the relative content as well as the absolute quantity of virus in the vaccine. (who.int)
  • The regular analysis of laboratory data allows countries to predict the circulating meningitis serotype and thus select the appropriate vaccine. (who.int)
  • Each subgenus contains numerous unique enterovirus serotypes differentiated based on neutralization of specific antisera. (medscape.com)
  • A recognized serotype of the virus avian paramyxovirus which is classified as a velogenic or mesogenic strain of that virus and which may be transmitted to poultry. (findlaw.com)
  • When disease occurs, symptoms vary from undifferentiated febrile illness to severe illness, depending on the age, gender, and immune status of the host and the subgroup, serotype, and enteroviral strain. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, coinfection with and lack of rapid tests for Zika virus and chikungunya complicate matters in real-world infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adeno-associated viruses undergo substantial evolution in primates during natural infections. (upenn.edu)
  • Although a mosquito-transmitted disease, researchers determined that these infections can also be acquired from aerosolized virus. (medscape.com)
  • Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is highly infectious by the aerosol route, and numerous laboratory infections have occurred, making it a possible biowarfare agent. (medscape.com)
  • Sheep and goats sampled in Kuwait during February 2010 were seropositive for bluetongue virus (BTV). (cdc.gov)
  • In recent years, numerous atypical Bluetongue virus (BTV) strains have been discovered all around the world. (mdpi.com)
  • Bluetongue virus (BTV) is endemic in some areas with cattle and wild ruminants serving as reservoirs for the virus. (purdue.edu)
  • Epizootics of Bluetongue virus killing approximately 179,000 sheep within 4 months have threatened the livestock industry in recent years. (purdue.edu)
  • Bluetongue virus replicates in both arthropod and mammalian host cells. (purdue.edu)
  • Israel is endemic to bluetongue virus (BTV). (huji.ac.il)
  • There are two serotypes, with type 1 being predominant and type 2 accounting for 5 to 20 percent of cases. (avma.org)
  • Simple and efficient workflow for AAV particle purification using the AAVpro Purification Kit Maxi (All Serotypes). (takarabio.com)
  • The purification protocol of AAVpro Purification Kit Midi (All Serotypes) is the same as the workflow shown above, except an Amicon Ultra-4 filter is used in place of the Millex-HV 0.45-µm filter. (takarabio.com)
  • Purity of viral particles collected using the AAVpro Purification Kit Maxi (All Serotypes). (takarabio.com)
  • Infectivity of AAV particles purified with the AAVpro Purification Kit Maxi (All Serotypes). (takarabio.com)
  • Dengue virus has increased dramatically within the last 20 years, becoming one of the worst mosquito-borne human pathogens that tropical countries have to deal with. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dengue virus is transmitted by species of the mosquito genus Aedes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The disease was first recognized as a unique mosquito borne virus in horses in Venezuela in 1938. (medscape.com)
  • Venezuelan equine encephalitis is an arthropod-borne virus, with the mosquito serving as the most common vector. (medscape.com)
  • Studies on community-acquired pneumonias consistently demonstrate viruses to be the second most common etiologic cause (behind Streptococcus pneumoniae ), ranging from 13-50% of diagnosed cases. (medscape.com)
  • even strains with matching serotypes have variable virulence. (purdue.edu)
  • This virus is very unusual in its high virulence for a broad spectrum of animals that occasionally includes humans? (scitizen.com)
  • 181B potentially associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) has highlighted the urgent need to identify individuals infected with ZIKV. (who.int)
  • For successful transgene expression, viruses administered into muscle must undergo a series of processes, including host cell interaction and internalization, intracellular sorting, long-range retrograde axonal transport, endosomal liberation, and nuclear import. (frontiersin.org)
  • From a virus stand point, a life cycle always begins with receptor binding to susceptible the cell, the specificity of the virus receptor interactions are a component of host range, and so it s known that human influenza viruses bind to receptors that are slightly different from those sialic acid containing receptors that are in birds. (scitizen.com)
  • Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a member of the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. (medscape.com)
  • The viruses produced cytopathic effects in cell cultures but failed to cause detectable pathologic lesions in suckling mice. (medscape.com)
  • Border Disease Border disease is observed in young ruminants exposed to border disease virus during gestation. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • method to introduce genetic material into select neuronal populations is by virus administration into muscle, which is the focus of this review. (frontiersin.org)
  • Page 2 laboratories have developed capacity to provide genetic information that is necessary for tracking the spread of viruses. (who.int)
  • Enteroviruses are divided into 5 subgenera: polioviruses, group A coxsackieviruses, group B coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and the newer enteroviruses. (medscape.com)
  • Загальні відомості про ентеровірусні інфекції Enteroviruses, along with rhinoviruses (see Common Cold) and human parechoviruses, are a genus of picornaviruses ( pico , or small, RNA viruses). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Atypical BTV strains are phylogenetically distinct from the classical BTV serotypes 1-24 and differ in terms of several biological features. (mdpi.com)