Seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus infection. Medical search. Frequent questions

This study determined the prevalence of anti-HCV and HBV surface antigen seropositivity in Damietta Governorate, Egypt, and evaluated potential risk factors for infection and the impact of HBV vaccination on seroprevalence. (who.int)
The surface antigen, HBsAg is a good marker in the estimation of the number of hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers among a population because its presence shows either an acute viral hepatitis B or a chronic carriage state of the HBV [ 1 - 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
In 1971, hepatitis B surface antigen testing heralded the advent of screening to minimize infection transmission complicating allogeneic transfusion. (medscape.com)
Complete Cure: Elimination of all traces of hepatitis B including loss of surface antigen and HBV DNA. (hepb.org)
Functional Cure: the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen and undetectable HBV DNA levels, although trace amounts of HBV DNA may persist in the liver. (hepb.org)
These drugs work by blocking secretion of the viral surface antigen outside of the cells so the virus is unable to spread to other cells. (hepb.org)
In the process, the surface antigen drops in the bloodstream and the immune system is alerted to attack the virus. (hepb.org)
Blood sample was taken from 338 study participants and serum was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, this study aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors of hepatitis B surface antigen virus among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Felegehiwot referral hospital, 2018. (biomedcentral.com)
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, defined as positivity for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), remains a public health problem nationally and globally. (bvsalud.org)
We studied i) hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence and its correlates, ii) HBV screening history and serological status awareness, iii) MTCT risk and treatment needs in Senegalese women. (biomedcentral.com)
Serologic HBV markers, including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and e antigen (HBeAg), were tested. (johnshopkins.edu)

There is a rising prevalence of blood borne infections such as Hepatitis B (HBV) and HIV worldwide, especially in developing countries. (ajol.info)
This study was conducted to establish the prevalence rate of HIV and Hepatitis B infections and to determine the risk to which Health workers and neonates are exposed in our centre. (ajol.info)
The prevalence of Hepatitis B and HIV-1 observed in this study has obvious implications related to nosocomial and vertical transmission of these infections. (ajol.info)
Results of a national seroprevalence survey conducted in 2016-2017 and antenatal records were used to determine the prevalence of HBV seropositivity in children aged 6-8 years and their biological mothers. (who.int)
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determined the sero-prevalence of HBV infection and associated factors among health care workers and medical waste handlers in primary hospitals of North-west Ethiopia. (biomedcentral.com)
World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the prevalence of HBV infection in Africa is on average more than 10% [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The study therefore aimed at determining the prevalence of syphilis in HIV positive antiretroviral therapy naive patients in Cape Coast and the associated risk factors involved in infection. (scirp.org)
To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among patients attending three STD clinics in Pune, India, and to identify associated risk factors. (bmj.com)
A high prevalence and incidence of HBV infection, seen in STD clinic attendees underscore the need to provide HBV vaccine to commercial sex workers and their clients in India. (bmj.com)
A high prevalence of HBV infection has also been reported among individuals practising risky behaviours and HIV infected individuals in India. (bmj.com)
Specifically, the study analyzed serum samples from 275 Iberian lynxes, and liver and feces samples from 176 others, to test the prevalence and seroprevalence of the Hepatitis E Virus, i.e. the presence of active virus and of antibodies once the infection has passed. (eurekalert.org)
Further studies that include detailed and continuous nationwide surveys are required to identify unrecognized risk factors and to monitor the HEV infection prevalence. (biomedcentral.com)
Background: In Togo, no overall prevalence of hepatitis B has been previously estimated and yet it is a country located in an area of high transmission of this virus. (omicsonline.org)
The overall prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women were 16 (4.7%) (95% CI 2.7, 7.7). (biomedcentral.com)
The major papers and important case reports were culled from PubMed, Science Direct, Embase related to this infection, and transfusion medicine since 2005 were explored and relevant articles were discussed with emphasis on epidemiology, infection, prevalence in donor population, susceptible recipients, prevention, and future development. (jhas-bsh.com)
HIV infection and intravenous drug use are directly related to the prevalence of Hepatitis B in different nations, regions, and populations. (edu.et)
The general objective of the present study is to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Hepatitis B Virus infection among HIV/ADIS patients attending Debark Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. (edu.et)
The prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Sudan was elevated more than 35% of the total population were infected with HBV according to a previous study in Sudan indicating a high prevalence of HDV in Sudan, Little information is available about HDV among Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Cirrhosis Patients status in Sudan which is previous study focus on the detection of HDV but no Data about common genotype in Sudan. (edu.sd)
A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the prevalence of HCV infection and genotypes among HD patients in Salvador, Northeastern Brazil. (fiocruz.br)
To study the prevalence, severity and distribution of AC in incident hemodialysis patients with hepatitis B and C viral infection. (revistanefrologia.com)
Overall low prevalence of HBV and HCV infection was found in the populations studied, but high HBV and HCV prevalence was observed in Amerindians compared to non-Amerindians suggesting that these individuals have a higher likelihood of acquiring to these infections. (biomedcentral.com)
Viral hepatitis is higher in the Northern areas where many Amerindians live, and even within this region prevalence varies between different areas. (biomedcentral.com)
The awareness of hepatitis E virus (HEV) increased significantly in the last decade due to its unexpectedly high prevalence in high-income countries. (nature.com)
A cross-sectional analysis of prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) among rural couples was conducted between 2010 and 2014. (johnshopkins.edu)
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate available prevalence and viral sequencing data representing chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection in Kenya. (ox.ac.uk)
We undertook a systematic review of the prevalence and genetic data available for hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Kenya using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 checklist. (ox.ac.uk)

Anonymous and unlinked blood samples of 230 pregnant women delivered between the period of March 1998 and October, 1999 at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos, Nigeria were tested for HIV-1 and total antibody to Hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg). (ajol.info)
iii) short-term treatment with Tenofovir (from the 28th week of pregnancy until at least delivery) for pregnant women at high risk of MTCT, defined as an HBV DNA ≥ 200,000 IU/mL or hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positivity (in settings where HBV DNA quantification is unavailable) [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

More than half (54.4%) of the study participants did not take training on infection and 9 (4.3%) of them were positive for HBsAg (COR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.0.02-1.02, P = 0.052). (biomedcentral.com)
Of the 2098 patients screened at STD clinics in Pune during 1996, 497, who returned for at least one follow up visit, were screened for various markers of HBV infection (HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc), HIV antibody, and VDRL. (bmj.com)
First marker of HBV infection , HBsAg can be detected 2 to 12 weeks after the infection [ 4 ]. (omicsonline.org)
This study aimed to determine the magnitude of serum HBsAg and the risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Bahir Dar. (biomedcentral.com)
Our data show a high burden and discordant pattern of HBV infection in rural couples, and partner's double positivity of HBeAg and HBsAg was the most significant factor of HBV infection in couples. (johnshopkins.edu)
Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: new estimates of age-specific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity[J]. Vaccine, 2012, 30(12):2212-2219. (zjujournals.com)

ABSTRACT This study in 2006 estimated the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination coverage in the Islamic Republic of Iran at the national and district levels in urban, rural and remote populations of 41 university health service areas. (who.int)
ABSTRACT Hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections remain major public health problems in Egypt and data are needed on risk factors for infection. (who.int)

The antibody measured by this assay is the principal, if not only, neutralizing antibody to the virus (7). (cdc.gov)
Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: new estimates of age-specific antibody to HCV seroprevalence. (cepheid.com)
Cross immunity does happen between genotypes and presence of immunoglobulin G antibody in blood protects against serious infection. (jhas-bsh.com)
One target population for HCV elimination is those patients with records of hepatitis C antibody testing in the hospital. (biomedcentral.com)

12 Currently, STD control programmes in India do not generally include administration of hepatitis B vaccine to STD patients. (bmj.com)
The risk of HBV infection transmission decreases where there is periodic perinatal HBV screening, immunoprophylaxis given infants born with HBV infected mother and hepatitis vaccine given both to the high risk mother and the newborn. (biomedcentral.com)
A successful recombinant hepatitis E vaccine has been developed. (medscape.com)
However, the relative contribution of MTCT to new HBV infections is expected to increase in the near future due to increased pentavalent vaccine coverage (including HBV) in children, without the implementation of additional MTCT preventive measures [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Administration of the HBV vaccine within 24 hours of birth is up to 95 percent effective in preventing mother-to-child transmission of the virus and offers 98 percent protection once three to four dose cycles are completed. (clintonhealthaccess.org)

With this, why is transfusion transmissible infection (TTI) such as Cytomegalovirus not routinely tested among blood donors in several countries like Nigeria? (researchgate.net)
Title : Trends in hepatitis B and hepatitis C seroprevalence among donors - Haiti, 2005-2014 Personal Author(s) : Jean Baptiste, A. E.;Chevalier, M. S.;Polo, E.;Noel, E.;Hulland, E. N.;Archer, W. R. (cdc.gov)
Autochthonous hepatitis E in Southwest England: natural history, complications and seasonal variation, and hepatitis E virus IgG seroprevalence in blood donors, the elderly and patients with chronic liver disease. (nature.com)
The first and most important line of defence against transfusion-transmitted infection is the collection of blood from the safest possible donors. (who.int)
The purpose of the present study was to study the seroprevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in healthy blood donors in a hospital based blood bank in Malwa region of Punjab, North India and to compare with other studies undertaken in other parts of India to assess the epidemiology of this infection in the community. (aimdrjournal.com)
The seroprevalence of HCV in the blood donors of Malwa region of Punjab was found to be high as compared to the studies from various parts of India. (aimdrjournal.com)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been identified as the major cause of chronic liver disease among patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD), despite the important reduction in risks obtained by testing candidate blood donors for anti-HCV antibodies and the use of recombinant erythropoietin to treat anemia. (fiocruz.br)
The HCV genotype distribution was closely similar to that observed in other hemodialysis populations in Brazil, in local candidate blood donors and in other groups at risk of transfusion-transmitted infection. (fiocruz.br)

A study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among children and their mothers on Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands two decades after routine vaccination was introduced in the 1990s. (who.int)
The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for HBV infection in pregnant women in the city of Lubumbashi.Methods: A Cross-sectional study of the 269 pregnant women received at Shalina Polyclinic in Lubumbashi was conducted. (bvsalud.org)

Therefore, administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) in combination with hepatitis B vaccines as post exposure prophylaxis is very important since vertical transmission rate is nearly 100% [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Etiological work up revealed a positive immunoglobulin M anti-hepatitis A serology. (fortuneonline.org)

The present work aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and their associated risk factors among the pregnant women. (academicjournals.org)
OR adjusted: 8.89 [1.04-76.09]) compared to HIV-negative pregnant women.Conclusion: our study shows that hepatitis B is a public health problem among pregnant women in the city of Lubumbashi. (bvsalud.org)
Approximately 3000 to 5000 pregnant women with HIV infection give birth annually in the United States, so attention to preventing MTCT remains critical in preventing HIV infection in infants and children. (msdmanuals.com)

Patients with decompensated cirrhosis from HCV infection frequently have symptoms typically observed in other patients with decompensated liver disease, such as sleep inversion and pruritus. (medscape.com)
1 HBV is reported to be responsible for 70% of cases of chronic hepatitis and 80% of cases of cirrhosis of the liver. (bmj.com)
While the future looks promising for a functional cure for hepatitis B, existing treatments should not be undermined or overlooked as they provide effective protection from serious liver disease such as cirrhosis or liver cancer. (hepb.org)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause chronic infection and cirrhosis. (seq.es)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
The lack of information about the disease HBV and HDV co-infection among Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Cirrhosis Patients in Sudan. (edu.sd)
Without timely diagnosis and adequate treatment, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the same year, an estimated 820,000 deaths resulted from liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, the two most common complications of chronic HBV infection. (clintonhealthaccess.org)
It is responsible for an estimated 1.4 million deaths per year globally, mostly from hepatitis-related liver cancer and cirrhosis. (who.int)
All five hepatitis viruses can cause acute disease, but the highest numbers of deaths result from liver cancer and cirrhosis which occur after decades of chronic hepatitis B or C infection. (who.int)

Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections is very important considering the spread of HIV and the extensive use of highly active antiretroviral therapy worldwide. (scirp.org)
A final diagnosis of active HCV infection may require up to 5 visits. (cepheid.com)
Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update. (cepheid.com)
The screening and diagnosis of HCV infection and patients' adherence to treatment involve several barriers, including cost, patient awareness, and in adequate manpower. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparison of FibroTouch and acoustic radiation force impulse in diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Journal of ZheJiang University(Medical Science), 2016, 45(4): 416-421. (zjujournals.com)
The resolutions call upon WHO to provide the necessary technical support to enable Member States to develop robust national viral hepatitis prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. (who.int)
Member States to develop robust national viral hepatitis prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies with time-bound goals and to examine the feasibility of eliminating hepatitis B and hepatitis C. In recognition of its public health importance, target 3.3 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development5 calls for specific action to combat viral hepatitis. (who.int)

Finally, the study has also discovered the presence of the genotype 3f of the hepatitis E virus in lynxes, which is the most frequent one in infected people in Spain. (eurekalert.org)
The backbone of treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection regardless of genotype was combination therapy with injectable pegylated interferon-alfa (PEG-IFNa) plus oral ribavirin. (medscape.com)
The direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), first introduced in 2011, offered enhanced efficacy when combined with both PEG-IFN and ribavirin, particularly for genotype 1 infections. (medscape.com)
The oral combination is indicated for treatment of adults with chronic hepatitis C infection with genotype 1, 4, 5, or 6. (medscape.com)
Chronic infections are more common with Genotype 3 and Genotype 4 which are prevalent in Europe and transmitted by pig and meats cooked from this animal. (jhas-bsh.com)
Genotype 1 and Genotype 2 cause epidemic form of this infection and are common in developing countries. (jhas-bsh.com)
There, infections with HEV-genotype 3 (HEV-3) are predominant which can progress to chronicity in immunocompromised individuals. (nature.com)
Genotype A accounted for 92% of infections. (ox.ac.uk)

It is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotypes 1 and 4 infection in combination with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin. (medscape.com)
It is indicated for the treatment of CHC infection genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 as part of a combination antiviral regimen, including those with hepatocellular carcinoma meeting Milan criteria (awaiting liver transplantation) to prevent HCV recurrence and those with HCV/HIV-1 coinfection. (medscape.com)
It is indicated for use with sofosbuvir for chronic HCV genotypes 1 and 3 infection. (medscape.com)
There are eight genotypes of this virus with different host, transmission biology, and clinical infection. (jhas-bsh.com)
Hepatitis E is hyperendemic in many developing countries in Asia and Africa, and is caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 1 and 2, which are spread via the faecal-oral route by contaminated water. (nature.com)
In such geographical settings, hepatitis E is caused by HEV genotypes 3 and 4, and is mainly a porcine zoonosis. (nature.com)
Mixed infections of genotypes 1 and 3 were found in 7.0% of the total number of patients. (fiocruz.br)

In nonendemic areas, higher seroprevalence among human populations with occupational exposure to swine (Drobeniuc et al. (cdc.gov)
The higher seroprevalence was found in HIV-HCV coinfected patients. (seq.es)

High Seroprevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in the donor population reflects the lack of awareness regarding the spread of HCV infection in the general population. (aimdrjournal.com)

The outbreak of the COVID-19 virus in 2019 had rapidly developed into a global pandemic, causing more than 6.8 million deaths and impacting the. (annals.edu.sg)
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, children have been relatively spared from the severe symptomatic infection affecting adults, particularly the elderly and those. (annals.edu.sg)
In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 296 million people around the globe were chronically infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). (clintonhealthaccess.org)

To document the seroprevalence of HEV infection in HIV patients or with chronic liver disease population, a retrospective study in serum samples from 625 patients was carried on: 200 HIV infected, 200 HCV infected, 25 coinfected by HIV and HCV and 200 healthy controls. (seq.es)

In SSA, exposure to HBV predominantly occurs during early childhood, mostly through horizontal and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), and HBV infection is one of the most common perinatally acquired infectious diseases [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Although quite effective, regimens for the treatment of hepatitis C remain very expensive. (medscape.com)

and · antiviral therapy during pregnancy for the prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. (cdc.gov)
These drugs are the first-line treatments for hepatitis B. Antiviral treatments like entecavir and tenofovir are incredibly effective in suppressing HBV viremia and preventing progression of the virus from becoming cancerous. (hepb.org)
Less well appreciated is the fact that the PD-1/PD-L1 axis also regulates antiviral immune responses and is therefore modulated by a number of viruses. (frontiersin.org)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen associated with endemic and acute viral hepatitis. (biomedcentral.com)
HEV infection in industrialized countries is generally associated with travel to these endemic areas. (biomedcentral.com)
Perinatal and early childhood transmissions are the main routes of HBV infection in endemic areas. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent data show that HEV infection is also endemic in developed countries. (nature.com)
Hepatitis E in the south west of France in individuals who have never visited an endemic area. (nature.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] It is caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV) and is spread by fecally contaminated water within endemic areas or through the consumption of uncooked or undercooked meat. (medscape.com)
Hepatitis E results from HEV infection and is spread by fecally contaminated water within endemic areas. (medscape.com)
1. Viral hepatitis is a highly endemic disease and a public health problem. (who.int)
Viral hepatitis is a highly endemic public health problem in the African Region, comparable to other major communicable diseases, including HIV, tuberculosis and malaria. (who.int)

Most patients with chronic hepatitis C are asymptomatic or may have nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue or malaise in the absence of hepatic synthetic dysfunction. (medscape.com)
In a minority of cases, HEV causes acute and chronic hepatitis, but infection is commonly asymptomatic or unrecognized. (nature.com)
Hepatitis A virus infections are mostly asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic in pediatric population. (fortuneonline.org)

About 80% of Indian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have hepatitis virus associated liver disease. (bmj.com)

Strict adherence to "universal precautions", selective use of antiretroviral drugs, and vaccination of neonates and health workers against HBV for the prevention of these infections are indicated. (ajol.info)
Sur 21 905 enfants recrutés pour l'étude, la couverture vaccinale était de 100 % dans 14, 15 et 10 des 41 zones universitaires pour les première, deuxième et troisième doses du vaccin contre le virus de l'hépatite B, respectivement, selon les informations portées sur les cartes de vaccination. (who.int)
Insufficient coverage of HBV vaccination, injection drug users, unsafe blood transfusion, and inadequate health precautions are major risk factors for HBV infection in these regions. (biomedcentral.com)
Damiette (Égypte), et d'évaluer les facteurs de risque potentiels d'une infection ainsi que l'impact de la vaccination contre le VHB sur la séroprévalence. (who.int)
Over the past year, CHIPO has grown its membership to include over 50 community-based organizations and federal agencies, all of which are working to meet the common goals of raising awareness about hepatitis B among African communities, and increasing rates of screening, vaccination, and linkage to care. (hepb.org)
Ethiopia is now identifying the magnitude of the problem and implementing the vaccination for health workers but still there is no accessibility and availability of vaccination of hepatitis B virus for those healthy mothers. (biomedcentral.com)
For hepatitis B, only seroprevalence surveys conducted after the 1992 requirement by the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard to offer vaccination to potentially exposed employees were included. (cdc.gov)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the main causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. (nature.com)

Patients with ongoing pathology associated with chronic hepatitis C that eventually results in organ failure can present with symptoms and signs in the skin. (medscape.com)
Hepatitis E has many similarities with hepatitis A . Hepatitis E has been associated with chronic hepatitis in solid-organ transplant recipients, patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and in an individual on rituximab treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (medscape.com)

Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection becomes chronic in 70% of patients, which represents a high rate of chronicity for a viral infection. (medscape.com)

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) genome contains three open reading frames (ORFs). (medscape.com)
It is a hepatotropic, approximately 7.2 kb single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus whose genome contains three open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3), 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), and a poly(A) tract at the 3′ end. (nature.com)

Terms and Abbreviations Used in This Publication Acute hepatitis C Newly acquired symptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (cdc.gov)

In accordance with the research titled 'Transfusion Services in Tropical Africa: Challenges and Prospects from the Nigerian Perspective' conducted by Sagir Gumel Ahmed in 2022, unlike other routinely tested transfusion transmissible infections such as HIV, & hepatitis B and C viruses, Cytomegalovirus is said to be highly contagious and prevalent especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. (researchgate.net)
As stated in the journal article, Cytomegalovirus donor seroprevalence ranges from 40-100% across the globe. (researchgate.net)

HIV infection severely weakens the immune system of infected individuals who are therefore exposed to opportunistic infections including sexually transmitted infections. (scirp.org)
Infection leads to progressive immunologic deterioration and opportunistic infections and cancers. (msdmanuals.com)

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are of a major public health importance especially in the developing countries. (scirp.org)
The co-infection of sexually transmitted infections and HIV may be having a profound detrimental effect especially among the youth in developing countries. (scirp.org)
Resolution WPR/RC37.R15 of the thirty-seventh session of the Regional Committee for the Western Pacific in 1986 urged Member States to develop and improve their blood transfusion services at all levels and the Regional Committee, in several resolutions on sexually-transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS adopted at subsequent sessions, urged Member States to continue to strengthen blood safety programmes. (who.int)
Sexually transmitted infections 88, no. 1 (2012): 58-62. (yale.edu)

The zoonotic risk of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is well established. (wjgnet.com)
Risk of Hepatitis E Virus Infection from Swine Manure? (cdc.gov)
Widespread stigma and discrimination hinder access to health services for populations that may be marginalized and who are at higher risk of hepatitis infection. (who.int)

Extra-hepatic manifestations of autochthonous hepatitis E infection. (nature.com)
Autochthonous hepatitis E in southwest England. (nature.com)
HEV-1 and HEV-2 are responsible for large waterborne outbreaks in low-income countries whereas HEV-3 and HEV-4 cause foodborne infections and are autochthonous in high-income countries 1 , 2 . (nature.com)

Investigate and analyze any suspected transfusion-transmitted infection cases to identify the source and prevent future occurrences. (researchgate.net)

In addition, sensory neuropathy has been reported as an extrahepatic manifestation in 9% of patients with HCV infection. (medscape.com)
Indeed, some authorities believe that all patients with unexplained pruritus should be investigated for HCV infection. (medscape.com)
Most patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection do not have abnormal physical examination findings until they develop portal hypertension or decompensated liver disease. (medscape.com)
One exception is patients with extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection, such as porphyria cutanea tarda or necrotizing vasculitis. (medscape.com)
The result showed that co-infection of Syphilis in HIV positive antiretroviral therapy naive patients persists in the Cape Coast Metropolis, which is an indication of prominence of STIs that require further study on a larger scale to ascertain the extent of co-infection and to formulate policy for treatment to help minimize the rate of infection. (scirp.org)
Asare-Bediako, P. , Dankwa, K. , Azumah, D. and Nuvor, S. (2018) Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Syphilis Infection among Antiretroviral Therapy Naive HIV Patients at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana. (scirp.org)
The development of both HIV and Syphilis infection in patients is complex and remains not well elucidated in spite of about 2 decades of clinical experience with co-infected patients. (scirp.org)
Data on incidence of HBV infection in STD patients and other population are not available from India. (bmj.com)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection afflicts more than 170 million people worldwide, with the great majority of patients having acute hepatitis C later developing into chronic HCV infection. (academicjournals.org)
les deux infections coexistaient chez 12 patients (0,4 %), tous étant non vaccinés. (who.int)
The seroprevalence data of anti-HEV IgG in the patients infected with HIV or with chronic liver disease are scarce. (seq.es)
According to EIA anti-HEV IgM, 11 patients could be considered as acute hepatitis E cases but in only one of them was confirmed recent HEV infection by RT-PCR. (seq.es)
Immunosuppressed and chronic liver disease patients get chronic or severe infection. (jhas-bsh.com)
As the only medical center in Changhua County, with an area of 1074 km 2 and a population of 1.2 million located in central Taiwan, our hospital organized a hospital-based project called "Retrieval of Lost Patients of the Hospital" in response to the hepatitis C elimination campaign established by the Taiwan government in 2020. (biomedcentral.com)
Figure 2: Brachial plexograms of eight patients with hepatitis E virus-associated neuralgic amyotrophy. (nature.com)
Anti- HCV seroprevalence was determined by ELISA in 1243 HD patients from all ten different dialysis centers of the city. (fiocruz.br)
Anti-HCV seroprevalence among HD patients was 10.5% (95% CI: 8.8-12.3) (Murex anti-HCV, Abbott Murex, Chicago, IL, USA). (fiocruz.br)
Site of calcification and calcification score in seronegative versus hepatitis B & C positive patients according to severity of viremia. (revistanefrologia.com)
Demographic and laboratory parameters in seronegative versus hepatitis B positive patients. (revistanefrologia.com)
One hundred and forty five patients with chronic hepatitis B underwent FibroTouch and ARFI examinations in Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou from January to November 2015. (zjujournals.com)
Both FibroTouch and ARFI can be effectively used in evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. (zjujournals.com)
To address this concern, the authors conducted a literature review of occupational blood exposures, the seroprevalence of blood-borne pathogens among these workers, and the seroprevalence of blood-borne pathogens among the patients they serve. (cdc.gov)

[ 47 ] Risk factors for manifestations of extrahepatic chronic hepatitis C infection include advanced age, female sex, and liver fibrosis. (medscape.com)

The Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen in Europe that affects humans, doing damage to the liver and also to other organs, such as the kidney and the central nervous system. (eurekalert.org)
The high HEV seroprevalence of skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers and individuals lived in coastal and rural area indicated that zoonotic transmission is an important risk factor for HEV infection in the republic of Korea. (biomedcentral.com)

Lawanivalu M, Ratu A, Jeadrik GA, Mohammadnezhad M, Getahun Strobel A. Hepatitis B virus infection on Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands: a seroprevalence, knowledge and attitudes study. (who.int)
The HEV seroprevalence rates vary according to geographical region, assays used, and study cohorts. (wjgnet.com)
The results of the study confirmed that captive lynxes have a higher risk of exposure to Hepatitis E Virus than animals in the wild. (eurekalert.org)
In this study, we investigate the HEV seroprevalence and putative risk factors by a nationwide cross-sectional study in the Republic of Korea. (biomedcentral.com)
This study provides valuable data that could be used to investigate associations of HEV seroprevalence and putative risk factors by a nationwide cross-sectional study. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, the study about the transmission route and risk profile of HEV infection would be needed to better understand the epidemiological profile of HEV. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of this study was to investigate associations of HEV seroprevalence and putative risk factors by a nationwide cross-sectional study. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aims to provide a descriptive analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) seroprevalence of blood donations in Haiti. (cdc.gov)
Due to study heterogeneity, we divided the studies to represent low, moderate, high and very high-risk for HBV infection, identifying 8, 7, 5 and 3 studies in these groups, respectively. (ox.ac.uk)

There is an urgent need for more high quality seroprevalence and genetic data to represent HBV in Kenya to underpin improved HBV screening, treatment and prevention in order to support progress towards elimination targets. (ox.ac.uk)
3. Significant barriers, including inadequate data for making decisions and limited coverage of effective prevention interventions, need to be addressed before the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat can be realized. (who.int)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important health problem in developing countries, including India. (bmj.com)
The seroprevalence of hepatitis A is reported in India is as high as 33% [1] and is responsible for sporadic outbreaks. (fortuneonline.org)

Capsids provide a protective space for the genetic material of the virus to make sure it is able to transfer to the host cell without any complications. (hepb.org)

While wild lynxes mainly consume wild rabbits, and previous studies carried out by this same group have shown that there is hardly any circulation of the Hepatitis E Virus in their populations, captive lynxes feed mainly on farm rabbits, and there are studies that have found virus circulation in these rabbits in Italy and France, although the presence of the virus in these animals in Spain has not yet been evaluated. (eurekalert.org)
In relation to infection in other animals, this pathogen does not usually generate symptoms or severe lesions in animal populations, and its presence is quite fleeting. (eurekalert.org)
2. The World Health Assembly and the Regional Committee resolutions on viral hepatitis that were adopted in 2010 and 2014 res pectively recognized viral hepatitis as a public health problem and the need for governments a nd populations to take action to prevent, diagnose and treat viral hepatitis. (who.int)
and the Regional Committee resolutions in 20143 4 recognized viral hepatitis as a public health problem and the need for governments and populations to take action to prevent, diagnose and treat it. (who.int)

In Europe, animals are the main source of HEV infection for humans. (eurekalert.org)
The consumption of products derived from infected animals is considered the main route for the transmission of Hepatitis E in humans, and has also been suggested for other animal species, including felines. (eurekalert.org)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is DNA virus causing hepatitis in humans which is classified as chronic hepatitis B and acute hepatitis B virus infection. (biomedcentral.com)

Blood transfusion is an integral and life-saving intervention but simultaneously blood is one of the major sources of transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), syphilis and many other infections. (aimdrjournal.com)

Serologies for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, Dengue fever and enteric fever were negative. (fortuneonline.org)

HBV infection is predominantly acquired at an early age in developing countries, which includes vertical transmission from mother to child, perinatal transmission, and horizontal transmission from child to child. (bmj.com)
Although the number of children infected annually has decreased, the total number of US adolescents and young adults (13 to 24 years of age) with HIV infection continues to increase despite the marked success in decreasing perinatal HIV infection. (msdmanuals.com)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted via blood or sexual contact. (cdc.gov)
Perform routine physical examinations and blood tests to detect potential infections. (researchgate.net)
Screen donated blood for TTDs using highly sensitive and specific tests, such as nucleic acid testing (NAT) for HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. (researchgate.net)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is growing worldwide and presents a new threat to the blood transfusion services across the world. (jhas-bsh.com)
The virus is transmitted by blood products but severe infection is uncommon. (jhas-bsh.com)
Many different types of infections can be transmitted through transfusion of blood and blood products. (jhas-bsh.com)
Testing for hepatitis C can be performed for several reasons, such as survey for abnormal liver function, preoperative checkup, blood donation, before chemotherapy, or routine physical checkup. (biomedcentral.com)
The transfusion of a unit of blood contaminated with HIV, hepatitis B or C viruses, Treponema pallidum , malarial plasmodia, Trypanosoma cruzi or other bloodborne pathogens carries a high risk of transmission of infection to the recipient. (who.int)
Firefighters and emergency medical services (EMS) personnel have the potential for occupational exposures to blood, which increases their risk for occupational blood-borne infection. (cdc.gov)
A MEDLINE search was conducted, and all identified articles that described surveys of exposures to blood or surveillance of blood-borne infections among firefighters and/or emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in the United States were reviewed. (cdc.gov)
B and C viruses are transmitted through exposure to blood, sexual intercourse, and from an infected pregnant mother to her unborn child. (who.int)
Although transmitted by blood, hepatitis D can cause infection only in individuals with active hepatitis B infection or in carriers. (who.int)

Hepatitis E virus serology and PCR : does the methodology matter? (ugent.be)

Background: The pathogenic bacterium on the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) is considered as the main route of spread of nosocomial infections. (iuiu.ac.ug)

Anatomy1

Organisms11

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes6

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care4

Surface antigen12

Prevalence26

Antigen2

HBsAg6

Abstract2

Antibody4

Vaccine5

Donors8

Determine the seroprevalence2

Immunoglobulin2

Pregnant women3

Cirrhosis10

Diagnosis7

Genotype8

Genotypes7

Higher seroprevalence2

Antibodies1

20193

Serum1

Infectious Diseases1

Treatment of hepatitis1

Antiviral3

Endemic9

Asymptomatic3

Hepatocellular carcinoma1

Vaccination7

Acute viral hepatitis worldwide1

Associated with chronic hepatitis2

Viral infection1

Genome contains three open readin2

Symptomatic1

Cytomegalovirus2

Opportunistic infections2

Sexually transmitte4

Risk of hepatitis3

Autochthonous3

Transfusion-transmitt1

Patients22

Liver fibrosis1

Zoonotic2

Study9

Prevention2

India2

Complications1

Populations4

Humans3

Syphilis1

Dengue1

Perinatal2

Blood12

Serology1

Nosocomial1