SubunitEnzymeSphingolipid biosynthesisLCB2BiosynthesisAdaptorIsoformsCalmodulin dependent proteinSynthaseReceptorSubunKinaseActinReceptorsComplexDiabeticOntologyMotifGolgiTight junctionZincPathwayArgininePhysiologyBoundSubstrateHeat shock pCeramide-enrichedChromosomeGenesComplexesGlialInteractionGene expressionReactive oxygenSmallType 2 diabetDiseasesCMT22022LongSequence
Subunit4
- Serine-palmitoyl transferase (LCB1 subunit) deficient cells derived from CHO-K1 cell line. (riken.jp)
- G protein subunit gamma transducin 1 [S. (gsea-msigdb.org)
- SPT contains 2 main subunits: the common SPTLC1 subunit (MIM 605712) and either SPTLC2 (MIM 605713) or its isoform SPTLC2L (SPTLC3), depending on the tissue in which biosynthesis occurs (Hornemann et al. (utsouthwestern.edu)
- There are also 2 highly related isoforms of a third subunit, SSSPTA (MIM 613540) and SSSPTB (MIM 610412), that confer acyl-CoA preference of the SPT enzyme and are essential for maximal enzyme activity (Han et al. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Enzyme7
- In enzymology, a serine C-palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.50) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + L-serine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine + CO2 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are palmitoyl-CoA and L-serine, whereas its 3 products are CoA, 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine, and CO2. (wikipedia.org)
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating). (wikipedia.org)
- The human enzyme is a heterodimer consisting of two monomeric subunits known as long chain base 1 and 2 (LCB1/2) encoded by separate genes. (wikipedia.org)
- The enzyme catalyses a Claisen-like condensation between L-serine and an acyl-CoA thioester (CoASH) substrate (typically C16-palmitoyl) or an acyl-ACP (acyl-carrier protein) thioester substrate, to form 3-ketodihydrosphingosine. (wikipedia.org)
- HSAN1 (hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in either one of SPTLC1 or SPTLC2, genes encoding the two heterodimeric subunits of the eukaryotic serine C-palmitoyltransferase enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
- W. using the condensation of palmitoyl coenzyme A (CoA) and serine by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), an enzyme that's negatively governed by ORM1-like proteins 3 (ORMDL3). (moonphase2018.com)
- Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Ovarian Cancer Immuno Reactive Antigen Domain Containing Protein 2 (OCIAD2) in samples from Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
Sphingolipid biosynthesis1
- The PLP (pyridoxal 5′-phosphate)-dependent serine C-palmitoyltransferase carries out the first enzymatic step of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
LCB21
Biosynthesis1
- Four-phosphate adaptor proteins 2 (FAPP2) after that transports GluCer towards the biosynthesis. (moonphase2018.com)
Adaptor2
- Short-term ceramide generation involves sphingomyelin (SM) hydrolysis via sphingomyelinase (SMase) activation possibly through the adaptor protein FAN. (slideshare.net)
- adaptor related protein complex 2 subu. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Isoforms2
- A variety of different serine C-palmitoyltransferase isoforms exist across different species. (wikipedia.org)
- ProForm represents species-specific and species-independent classes of protein isoforms, co- and post-translationally modified forms, and variant forms. (biomedcentral.com)
Calmodulin dependent protein1
- calcium/calmodulin dependent protein k. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Synthase2
- Serine C-palmitoyltransferase is a member of the AOS (a-oxoamine synthase) family of PLP-dependent enzymes, which catalyse the condensation of amino acids and acyl-CoA thioester substrates. (wikipedia.org)
- Risperidone upregulates fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression in hepatocyte cultures and mouse liver by targeting the hepatic SREBP-1c/FASN couple, which is also one of the mechanisms by which risperidone induces weight gain ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
Receptor7
- Intersecting analysis, molecular docking, and pathway validation analysis showed that risperidone influences the adipocytokine signaling pathway by targeting MAPK14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14), MAPK8 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8), and RXRA (retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha), thereby inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation by decreasing STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) expression and phosphorylation. (frontiersin.org)
- Endocannabinoid System is a biological system involving the endogenous lipid-based retrograde neurotransmitters which bind to the cannabinoid receptors, as well as the cannabinoid receptor proteins which are in the CNS and PNS. (slideshare.net)
- The cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor is primarily expressed on glial cells only when there is active inflammation and appears to be devoid of undesired psychotropic effects or addiction liability Anandamide has low intrinsic activity but enhanced during pathological conditions and 2-AG acts as a full agonist. (slideshare.net)
- HFD ± NDEA caused T2DM, neurodegeneration with impairments in brain insulin, insulin receptor, IGF-2 receptor, or insulin receptor substrate gene expression, and reduced expression of tau and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which are regulated by insulin and IGF-1. (biomedcentral.com)
- C-C motif chemokine receptor like 2 [S. (gsea-msigdb.org)
- prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 [Source:HG. (gsea-msigdb.org)
- growth factor receptor bound protein 1. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Subun1
- serine palmitoyltransferase small subun. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Kinase3
- Cer is normally shipped by ceramide transportation proteins (CERT) or vesicular transportation towards the Golgi for synthesis of ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) (by ceramide kinase, CERK), sphingomyelin (SM), and glucosylceramide (GluCer). (moonphase2018.com)
- The genetic defect in HSAN III is in the inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells, kinase complex-associated protein (IKBKAP) at chromosome arm 9q31. (medscape.com)
- Recently, 2 novel missense mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain were found in a 10-year-old patient with HSAN IV. (medscape.com)
Actin2
- Rarely, a mutation in the gelsolin gene, which produces a protein important in cytoskeletal actin function, may also lead to amyloid deposition in autonomic nerves. (medscape.com)
- capping actin protein, gelsolin like [S. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Receptors1
- Initial, a lot of the regulatory enzymes and proteins involved with sphingolipid metabolism as well as the receptors for S1P have already been cloned. (moonphase2018.com)
Complex4
- We describe here how the PRO Consortium is meeting the challenge of representing species-specific protein complexes, how protein complex representation in PRO supports annotation of protein complexes and comparative biology, and how PRO is being integrated into existing community bioinformatics resources. (biomedcentral.com)
- Logical and semantic access to related protein forms is critical for advancing bioinformatics approaches to representing, modeling, and reasoning about complex biological systems at the genomic and cellular level [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The explicit representation of protein complexes in PRO--defining each member of the complex at the level of its isoform, variant, or modified form--provides the ability to represent complex biological knowledge as it is emerging in the experimental research community in structures that are both human readable and accessible to algorithmic approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
- trafficking protein particle complex s. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Diabetic2
- Production of both cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) is elevated in diabetes, and increased oxidative stress is considered as one of the major metabolic abnormalities associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy 2 . (nature.com)
- It remains to be established why omega-3 PUFA intervention in type 2 diabetic subjects does not improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis despite inducing various anti-inflammatory mediators in WAT, including the recently discovered docosahexaenoyl esters of hydroxy linoleic acid, the lipokines from the FAHFA family, as well as several endocannabinoid-related anti-inflammatory lipids. (cas.cz)
Ontology4
- The Protein Ontology (PRO) Consortium is filling this informatics resource gap by developing ontological representations and relationships among proteins and their variants and modified forms. (biomedcentral.com)
- ProComp leverages, and cross references, entries in existing protein-centric informatics resources, including the protein complexes that are represented in the Cellular Component branch of the Gene Ontology. (biomedcentral.com)
- References to protein records in UniProtKB are made through entries in the ProForm sub-ontology within PRO (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
- A major contribution of PRO as a protein biology community informatics resource is that it provides a formal ontological structure with foundation in Basic Formal Ontology http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/ to describe types of protein complexes and gives these types unique, permanent identifiers http://www.obofoundry.org/id-policy.shtml . (biomedcentral.com)
Motif1
- C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Golgi1
- golgi reassembly stacking protein 2 [S. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Tight junction1
- PA decreased the expression of tight junction (TJ)-related proteins, increased permeability and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in primary Sertoli cells and TM4 cells. (bvsalud.org)
Zinc3
- Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Zinc Finger, AN1-Type Domain Protein 6 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
- Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human AN1 type zinc finger protein 6(ZFAND6) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
- Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat AN1 type zinc finger protein 6(ZFAND6) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
Pathway4
- Because proteins are often functional only as members of stable protein complexes, the PRO Consortium, in collaboration with existing protein and pathway databases, has launched a new initiative to implement logical and consistent representation of protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
- For simpleness, degradative enzymes (blue) for reutilization of sphingolipids in the salvage pathway are included but these reactions happen in various subcellular compartments (find Fig. 2). (moonphase2018.com)
- This Review summarizes the more recent biochemical, cellular and mouse model studies that underscore the importance of the ER acetylation process in maintaining protein homeostasis and autophagy within the secretory pathway, and its impact on developmental and age-associated diseases. (biologists.com)
- The polyol pathway is a glucose metabolic shunt that is defined by two enzymatic reactions catalyzed by aldose reductase (AR, AKR1B1, EC1.1.1.21) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH, EC1.1.1.14), respectively [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Arginine2
- Specifically, the S. paucimobilis isoform features an active-site arginine residue (Arg378) that plays a key role in stabilizing the carboxy moiety of the PLP-L-serine external aldimine intermediate. (wikipedia.org)
- Other homologues, such as in Sphingobacterium multivorum, feature the carboxy moiety bound to serine and methionine residues via water in place of arginine. (wikipedia.org)
Physiology1
- Now a large and ever increasing number of genetic subtypes has been described, and major advances in molecular and cellular biology have clarified the understanding of the role of different proteins in the physiology of peripheral nerve conduction in health and in disease. (medscape.com)
Bound1
- The amine group of L-serine then attacks and displaces the lysine bound to PLP, forming the external aldimine intermediate. (wikipedia.org)
Substrate2
- Subsequently, deprotonation occurs at the Cα of serine, forming the quinonoid intermediate that attacks the incoming thioester substrate. (wikipedia.org)
- The multi-component Nox2 has both trans-membrane and cytosolic proteins, and the small G-protein, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), is an integral cytosolic component for its activation 8 . (nature.com)
Heat shock p1
- DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40). (gsea-msigdb.org)
Ceramide-enriched2
- Ceramide sets off many pathways that creates endothelial cell loss of life, including activation of caspases, or PP2A2 or PP1,55, and raising mitochondrial permeability by developing ceramide-enriched platforms with the capacity of translocating protein. (moonphase2018.com)
- Ceramide-enriched lipid microdomains can be formed by increased amounts of ceramide in cell surface membranes which is regulated by sphingomyelinase (SMase) hydrolysis of raft-associated sphingomyelin to ceramide [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromosome1
- HSAN I has been associated with point mutations in serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) at chromosome arm 9q22.1-q22.3. (medscape.com)
Genes3
- 2 in other forms of CMT2, especially the forms with as yet unidentified genes, the age of onset can be in the sixth or seventh decade. (bmj.com)
- Totally, 86 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered in SARS-CoV-2 infected CMs, and 15 miRNAs were discovered to target 60 genes. (bvsalud.org)
- After the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, several genes including CCL2 and CXCL8 were regarded as the hub genes. (bvsalud.org)
Complexes7
- Representing species-specific proteins and protein complexes in ontologies that are both human- and machine-readable facilitates the retrieval, analysis, and interpretation of genome-scale data sets. (biomedcentral.com)
- PRO is a unique database resource for species-specific protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
- PRO facilitates robust annotation of variations in composition and function contexts for protein complexes within and between species. (biomedcentral.com)
- ProComp, the focus of this manuscript, represents multi-protein complexes, with an initial (but not exclusive) emphasis on protein components of complexes in mouse and human. (biomedcentral.com)
- Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or other small molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
- Protein complexes are distinguished from protein-protein interactions in that they are continuant entities, i.e. they endure or continue to exist through time. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the GO, types of protein complexes are defined in terms of constituent macromolecule classes and the function(s) that the complexes carry out. (biomedcentral.com)
Glial1
- In addition, increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine were measured in cerebella of HFD ± NDEA treated rats, and overall, NDEA+HFD treatment reduced brain levels of Tau, phospho-GSK-3β (reflecting increased GSK-3β activity), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and ChAT to greater degrees than either treatment alone. (biomedcentral.com)
Interaction1
- Depending on the length of their fatty acid chains and their degree of saturation, SL species have a strong impact on biophysical membrane parameters such as fluidity or rigidity and curvature, and on interaction with membrane proteins and/or cytoskeletal components, and membrane compartmentalization. (encyclopedia.pub)
Gene expression1
- In this study, the gene expression of skin barrier-related proteins was confirmed using tumor necrosis factor- α /interferon- γ -stimulated HaCaT cells through real-time PCR. (foodnlife.org)
Reactive oxygen1
- Nitrosamines exert their toxic and mutagenic effects by alkylating N-7 of guanine, leading to increased DNA damage [ 5 ] and generation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide (O 2 -) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Small1
- A small molecular weight G-protein essential for Nox2 activation, Rac1, is also transcriptionally activated via active DNA methylation-hydroxymethylation. (nature.com)
Type 2 diabet2
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and several types of neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's, are linked to insulin-resistance, and chronic high dietary fat intake causes T2DM with mild neurodegeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
- Insulin resistance is a major metabolic feature of obesity and is a key factor in the etiology of a number of diseases, including type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
Diseases1
- According to the World Health Organization (WHO) global report, ~422 million adults were living with diabetes in 2014 ( 1 ), and that cardiovascular diseases account for 31% mortality worldwide ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
CMT22
- In the late 1960s, neurophysiologic testing allowed the classification of CMT into 2 groups, one with slow nerve conduction velocities and histologic features of a hypertrophic demyelinating neuropathy (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 1 or CMT1) and another with relatively normal velocities and axonal and neuronal degeneration (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 2 or CMT2). (medscape.com)
- Traditionally, CMT pathophysiology has been categorized into 2 processes: a predominant demyelinating process resulting in low conduction velocities (CMT1) and a predominant axonal process resulting in low potential amplitudes (CMT2). (medscape.com)
20222
- 79(2): 114, 2022 Feb 01. (bvsalud.org)
- 13(2): 2486-2497, 2022 02. (bvsalud.org)
Long1
- Long-term ceramide generation may occur via serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) induction and enhanced ceramide synthesis de novo. (slideshare.net)
Sequence1
- Although existing protin-centric informatics resources provide the biomedical research community with well-curated compendia of protein sequence and structure, these resources lack formal ontological representations of the relationships among the proteins themselves. (biomedcentral.com)