• IRE1α-XBP1 were essential for expansion of activated mouse and human NK cells and are situated downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (cancerindex.org)
  • The signaling pathway involves a cell surface receptor complex, a glycogen synthase kinase 3, a kelch-containing serine/threonine phosphatase, and a novel family of basic helix-loop-helix and Myc-like plant specific transcription factors. (nih.gov)
  • This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene repression often depends on the recruitment of Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, although the sequences that underlie the recruitment of PcG proteins, also known as Polycomb response elements (PREs), remain poorly understood in vertebrates. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • p53 is up-regulated in response to stress signals and stimulated to activate transcription of specific genes, resulting in expression of p21waf1 and other proteins involved in G1 or G2/M arrest. (thermofisher.com)
  • The Dl and Twist proteins appear to make synergistic contact with the basal transcription complex, so that snail is activated throughout the presumptive mesoderm in response to both peak and high levels of the Dl gradient. (sdbonline.org)
  • Regulatory proteins, namely the Transcription Factors (TFs), bind in a sequence-specific manner to TFBSs to activate or suppress gene transcription (gene expression). (biomedcentral.com)
  • dCas9 can be fused to protein tags or the effector domains of transcription factors (proteins that bind DNA in promoter regions and simultaneously bind other regulatory proteins via effector domains, which can activate or repress transcription and thereby affect gene expression) to develop customized DNA binding proteins. (jax.org)
  • It can also be fused to fluorescent proteins to label specific chromosomal regions in live cells for study. (jax.org)
  • We identified 21 meta-assemblages consisting of roughly 400 different proteins that are related to DNA replication, centromeres, subtelomeres, transposons, and transcription by RNA polymerase (Pol) I, II, and III. (genengnews.com)
  • They attract transcription factor proteins that start the expression of genes, thereby "enhancing" their activity. (mpg.de)
  • According to the prevailing theory, transcription factor proteins recognize "codewords" in enhancers that are specific for a certain cell type, allowing the genome to tell a cell's story by jumping to the right chapters. (mpg.de)
  • Although the general role of Id2 proteins has been considered pro-growth and anti-differentiation in various human tumors [ 13 - 15 ], their role in modulating invasion and metastasis of some specific tumor cells remain to be investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA meth-ylation represses transcription by interfering with transcription factor binding and indirectly by recruiting methyl-CpG-binding proteins and reducing chromatin remodeling activities ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Sigma factors are a class of proteins constituting essential dissociable subunits that confer sequence-specific DNA binding properties to RNA polymerase (RNAP). (hindawi.com)
  • Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
  • Sequence-specific transcription factor that binds gene promoters and activates their transcription. (affbiotech.com)
  • Using this CasIP assay, we identified FECR1, a FLI1 exonic circular RNA that binds to the FLI1 promoter and epigenetically activates FLI1 in breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RNA-sequence analysis revealed that curcumin intake affected hepatic lipid metabolism via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway, especially PPARα activation, resulting in increased Apoa2 mRNA expression. (elifesciences.org)
  • The resulting loss of 26 nt from the spliced mRNA causes a frame-shift and an isoform XBP1(S), which is the functionally active transcription factor. (cancerindex.org)
  • The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1(U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1(S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. (cancerindex.org)
  • Another uses small molecules of RNA called siRNA to signal the cell to cleave specific unique sequences in the mRNA transcript of the faulty gene, disrupting translation of the faulty mRNA, and therefore expression of the gene. (genetherapynet.com)
  • Gene activation is dependent on cell-specific transcription factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sequences. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Here we design a high-throughput reporter assay called enhancer × promoter self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (ExP STARR-seq) and applied it to examine the combinatorial compatibilities of 1,000 enhancer and 1,000 promoter sequences in human K562 cells. (nature.com)
  • We identify simple rules for enhancer-promoter compatibility, whereby most enhancers activate all promoters by similar amounts, and intrinsic enhancer and promoter activities multiplicatively combine to determine RNA output ( R 2 = 0.82). (nature.com)
  • Together, this systematic assessment of enhancer-promoter compatibility suggests a multiplicative model tuned by enhancer and promoter class to control gene transcription in the human genome. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 5: P2 promoters contain built-in enhancer sequences. (nature.com)
  • These stripes are regulated by a 300-bp enhancer (NEE) that contains high-affinity Dl-binding sites, Twist-binding sites, and "generic" E-box sequences that appear to bind ubiquitously distributed bHLH activators (Daughterless and Scute), which are present in the unfertilized egg. (sdbonline.org)
  • How much tissue-specific information is contained in enhancer sequences? (mpg.de)
  • This told the researchers how much cell type-specific regulatory information is actually contained in the DNA sequence of enhancers, explains Philipp Benner, who is a postdoctoral researcher in Vingron's lab: "The better our algorithm can classify any given enhancer, the more information it contains about the tissue or cell types that it is responsible for. (mpg.de)
  • Using transcription factors to improve the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses is a promising strategy due to the ability of transcription factors to modulate a set of genes through binding to either promoter or enhancer region of a gene [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Binding of IL-10 to the extracellular domain of IL-10R1 activates phosphorylation of the receptor-associated Janus tyrosine kinases, JAK1 and Tyk2. (nih.gov)
  • Gene regulation in the human genome is controlled by distal enhancers that activate specific nearby promoters 1 . (nature.com)
  • Promoters of housekeeping genes contain built-in activating motifs for factors such as GABPA and YY1, which decrease the responsiveness of promoters to distal enhancers. (nature.com)
  • These constitutive promoters comprise a short nucleosome-free region (NFR) adjacent to a +1 nucleosome, which together bind the transcription-initiation factor TFIID to form a preinitiation complex. (genengnews.com)
  • By determining overrepresented transcription factor binding regions in the promoters of differentially expressed genes, we identified candidate tissue-specific transcriptional regulators. (bvsalud.org)
  • Downstream targets of CDKs include transcription factor E2F and its regulator Rb. (kegg.jp)
  • Mutation of an Sbp sequence just downstream of CArG box 1, results in the abolition of reporter expression in the heart, yet somitic expression is unaffected. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Overexpression of TaWRKY1 and TaWRKY33 activated several stress-related downstream genes, increased germination rates, and promoted root growth in Arabidopsis under various stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcription factors, with specific DNA-binding domains (DBD) and trans -acting functional domains, can combine with specific DNA sequences to activate or inhibit transcription of downstream genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overexpression of Id2 in ERα-positive epithelial tumor cells indeed increases the cells' invasive potential through a novel mechanism independent of dimerization to basic helix-loop-helix factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Their roles in intracellular signalling pathways suggest factors such as STAT3 might be involved in ageing and/or age-related disease [ 266 ]. (senescence.info)
  • The bulk RNA sequencing analysis showed that in the HSC, the interplay of NFATC1 and FLT3ITD changes the transcriptional landscape, involving augmented K-RAS signaling and a selective de novo recruitment of key proliferative and HSC-transforming signaling pathways such as the Hedgehog- and WNT-beta-catenin. (uni-marburg.de)
  • they can combine with the promoter regions of key genes in signaling pathways to regulate their transcription levels and, in turn, plant resistance to stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. (kegg.jp)
  • Once phosphorylated, these tyrosine residues (and their flanking peptide sequences) serve as temporary docking sites for the latent transcription factor, STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-3). (nih.gov)
  • Here we show that CD28-mediated up-regulation of IL-17A gene expression depends on RelA/NF-κB and IL-6-associated STAT3 transcriptions factors. (pasteur.fr)
  • In particular, we found that CD28-activated RelA/NF-κB induces the expression of IL-6 that, in a positive feedback loop, mediates the activation and nuclear translocation of tyrosine phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3). (pasteur.fr)
  • Finally, by using specific inhibitory drugs, we also identified class 1A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) as a critical upstream regulator of CD28-mediated RelA/NF-κB and STAT3 recruitments and trans-activation of IL-17A promoter. (pasteur.fr)
  • In a PCR array analysis of 84 transcription factors, either overexpressing DEFB1 or siRNA silencing of DEFB1 expression significantly modulated the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). (cdc.gov)
  • Important regulatory factors, TFs bind to the promoter regions of target genes and activate or inhibit their transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • dCas9 has been modified so that it no longer cuts DNA, but it can still be guided to specific sequences and will bind to them. (jax.org)
  • The traditional model of gene regulation involves transcription factors, which bind to specific DNA sequences to control the expression of a nearby gene. (genengnews.com)
  • However, the researchers found that "housekeeping" genes-which comprise the majority of genes in yeast-lacked a protein-DNA architecture that would allow specific transcription factors to bind, a hallmark of inducible genes. (genengnews.com)
  • BRs bind the extracellular domain of a small family of leucine-rich-repeat receptor kinases to activate intracellular signal transduction cascades that regulate the expression of hundreds of genes. (nih.gov)
  • The transcription factors bind to the decoys instead of the promoter of the faulty gene, which reduces the transcription of the target gene, lowering expression. . (genetherapynet.com)
  • Functionally, the TFs are organized in a hierarchy of different types: Cell differentiation factors bind most of the genes and remain largely unchanged during the stimulation. (nih.gov)
  • A third set consists of TF that bind mainly after the stimuli and target specific gene functions. (nih.gov)
  • Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the bZIP transcription factor family genes in response to abiotic stress in Nicotiana tabacum L. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this context, DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) play an important regulatory role by either repressing or activating genes in response to environmental and physiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • AB - Lineage-selective expression of developmental genes is dependent on the interplay between activating and repressive mechanisms. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Investigating astrocyte maturation in a cell culture model revealed that in vitro-differentiated astrocytes lack expression of many mature astrocyte-specific genes, including genes for the transcription factors Rorb, Dbx2, Lhx2 and Fezf2. (nature.com)
  • Forced expression of these factors in vitro induces distinct sets of mature astrocyte-specific transcripts. (nature.com)
  • We show that astrocyte maturation is promoted by extrinsic signals that induce multiple transcription factors that act largely independently to regulate distinct gene expression modules that together promote a mature astrocytic phenotype. (nature.com)
  • The type I target gene folded gastrulation is activated only in response to peak levels of the Dl gradient, so that expression is restricted to a subdomain of the presumptive mesoderm. (sdbonline.org)
  • We generated a triple transgenic mouse model, in which tamoxifen-inducible HSC specific Cre-recombinase targets expression of a constitutively nuclear transcription factor NFATC1 to FLT3ITD-positive HSC. (uni-marburg.de)
  • The widely used CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology has enabled researchers to alter genome sequence or gene expression with great precision, says JAX Assistant Professor Albert Cheng, Ph.D., first and co-corresponding author of a paper published in Cell Research . (jax.org)
  • For example, it can be fused to domains that activate or repress gene expression, allowing researchers to increase or decrease gene expression at will without changing the actual sequence. (jax.org)
  • Many diseases involve variations in gene expression rather than genetic sequence. (jax.org)
  • Moreover, the ability of IL-10 to induce de novo synthesis of SOCS-3 in monocytes correlates with its ability to inhibit expression of many genes in these cells, including endotoxin-inducible cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1. (nih.gov)
  • Most of the enhancers activated by EGFRvIII bore signature DNA sequences that are bound by dozens of transcription factors--regulators of gene expression--expressed at high levels in GBM. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers show that as EGFRvIII alters the epigenetic landscape of activated enhancers, it also noticeably boosts the expression of SOX9 and FOXG1. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This protein controls the expression and activity of yet another transcription factor, cMyc, which plays a central role in driving the aberrant metabolism and growth of GBM cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the early 1990's, triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) were being touted as tools to suppress gene expression by binding to promoter sites to block transcription factor access. (yale.edu)
  • S. aureus has a vast array of virulence determinants whose expression is modulated by an intricate regulatory network, where transcriptional factors (TFs) are the primary elements. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the high number of virulence factors present in these bacteria, and the niche-specific role many of them play during different stages of the infectious process, gene expression must be finely tuned in order to efficiently coordinate their expression, and also continue to preserve energy pools. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study investigated the methylation of CpG sites in the cyclooxygenase (COX)‑2 promoter via nuclear factor (NF)‑κB transcriptional regulation and elucidated its effect on the COX‑2 transcriptional expression in a ketamine‑induced ulcerative cystitis (KIC) animal model. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The results of the present study revealed that ketamine treatment induced NF‑κB p65 translocation to nuclei and activated COX‑2 expression and prostaglandin (PGE)2 production in bladder tissue, whereas COX‑2 inhibitor suppressed the inflammatory effect. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • pSTAT3 in turn cooperates with RelA/NF-κB by binding specific sequences within the proximal promoter of human IL-17A gene, thus inducing its expression. (pasteur.fr)
  • To identify the regulatory sequences responsible for cardiac muscle-specific expression of XMLC2,1 investigated the sequences immediately upstream of the gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Transgenic frog technology indicates that the 3kb 5' proximal promoter fragment can direct cardiac muscle-specific reporter expression during Xenopus embryogenesis, reproducing the normal expression pattern of the endogenous gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • An SRF binding site (CArG box 1) in the 580bp cardiac α-actin promoter is necessary but not sufficient for high level muscle-specific expression. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Both p53 and AR are transcription factors and can affect the expression of a broad array of genes. (oncotarget.com)
  • Dynamic binding of transcription factors to DNA elements specifies gene expression and cell fate, in both normal physiology and disease. (nih.gov)
  • Together these factors determine the magnitude and timing of stimulus induced gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • Epigenetic control of gene expression lasts through multiple cell divisions without alterations in primary DNA sequence and can occur via mechanisms that include histone modification and DNA methylation. (stanford.edu)
  • Noncoding RNA sequences can regulate gene expression via interactions with epigenetic and other control mechanisms. (stanford.edu)
  • By targeting the RNA scaffolds to promoter regions, the transcription factors activated gene expression. (au.dk)
  • It was shown that the expression strength can be tuned by the orientation of the scaffold and the amount of transcription factors recruited. (au.dk)
  • As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
  • The identified transcription factors influence both the global and specific gene expression of the BCLs and have possible implications for diagnosis and treat- ment. (lu.se)
  • The statistical classifiers can also identify DNA subsequences that might underlie cell type-specific gene activation. (mpg.de)
  • Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)
  • Among the ETS family members, Friend leukemia virus integration 1 ( FLI1 ) was first identified as a proto-oncogene activated by proviral integration in F-MuLV-induced erythroleukemias [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. (kegg.jp)
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
  • In discovering multiple overlapping motifs in a real liver-specific dataset, GALF-G outperforms MEME by up to 73% in overall F- scores. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are many superfamilies of Znf motifs, varying in both sequence and structure. (embl.de)
  • However, the first compelling evi- mutations can be lethal--an organism may be dence for lentivirus recombination in nature was trapped on a fitness peak because locations in the discovery that isolates from sabeus monkeys sequence space near the peak may all be non- in western Africa were chimeras between the viable. (cdc.gov)
  • Transcription Factor Binding Sites (TFBSs) are small nucleotide fragments (usually ≤ 30 bp) in the cis-regulatory/intergenic regions in DNA sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Pumilio RNA-binding protein system allows the design of a simple nucleotide code that recognizes an eight-nucleotide RNA sequence, called a PUF domain. (jax.org)
  • This high taneously harbors two different proviruses, one mutation rate, common to most RNA viruses, RNA transcript from each provirus can be encap- permits rapid exploration of nucleotide sequence sidated into a single "heterozygous" virion. (cdc.gov)
  • EGFRIII changes the cell's internal signaling network, its uptake and use of nutrients, key elements of its gene-reading machinery known as transcription factors and its epigenetic landscape--the distribution of chemical tags that determines which parts of its genome are available for reading. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Using technology developed in Ren's laboratory, the researchers began by profiling EGFRvIII's specific epigenetic activation of DNA sequences known as "enhancers. (sciencedaily.com)
  • e.g. inflammation, genotoxicity, and This chapter focuses on issues as- ellers, growth factors, growth factor epigenetic alterations) and can have sociated with the understanding and receptors, signal transducers, and both genetic and epigenetic origins. (who.int)
  • Sequences called enhancers play an outstanding role in this process. (mpg.de)
  • With a series of statistical and bioinformatic analyses, the scientists identified several hundreds of tissue-specific DNA subsequences or "codewords" in enhancers that guide transcription factors, not only confirming sequences already known from other studies, but also identifying many new ones. (mpg.de)
  • By comparing sequence data between the tissues, the program learned to recognize sequence patterns in enhancers that are characteristic for certain tissues. (mpg.de)
  • It might be possible that not all the required information is contained in the DNA sequence of enhancers but is distributed elsewhere in the genome. (mpg.de)
  • Within the RNAP holoenzyme, sigma factors provide promoter recognition specificity to the polymerase and contribute to DNA strand separation, then they dissociate from RNAP core enzyme and transcription initiation follows [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Besides the vegetative sigma factor, which recognizes the "standard" promoter, many bacteria possess alternative sigma factors that confer altered promoter specificity upon RNAP [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Non-natural oligonucleotides are valuable probes of biological systems, as they can convey synthetic control of endogenous nucleic acids with high sequence specificity. (cdc.gov)
  • While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope. (cellsignal.com)
  • 2 − 6 These nuclease-resistant polymers persist in live organisms for days and are typically designed to recognize 25-base sequences that span intron-exon junctions or translational start sites. (cdc.gov)
  • Adaptive immune mechanisms recognize and neutralize foreign molecules or microorganisms in a specific manner. (lu.se)
  • WRKY transcription factors, one of the ten largest transcription factor families, are characterized by a highly conserved WRKYGQK heptapeptide at the N-terminus and a zinc finger-like motif at the C-terminus [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The tumor suppressor protein, p53, is a sequence specific transcription factor that is activated by cellular stress. (thermofisher.com)
  • Our analyses classified more than 15,000 genes as being differentially expressed among different stem tissues and revealed known and novel tissue-specific cellular signatures. (bvsalud.org)
  • To study the potential role in this metabolic shift of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), a protein component of a ubiquitin ligase complex, the authors generated nephron progenitor cell-specific VHL knockout mice. (lww.com)
  • By embryonic day 15.5, kidneys of nephron progenitor cell-specific VHL knockout mice begin to exhibit reduced maturation of nephron progenitors. (lww.com)
  • A comparison of the TF repertoire of S. aureus against 1209 sequenced bacterial genomes was carried out allowing us to identify a core set of orthologous TFs for the Staphylococacceae , and also allowing us to assign potential functions to previously uncharacterized TFs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have evaluated the orthologous distribution of these elements in other sequenced bacterial genomes using the repertoire of TFs identified in USA300, and identified a core set of regulators for both the Firmicutes phylum, and the Staphylococacceae group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For any organism with a genome sequence fuse into a single progeny, 2) the genetic exactly on a peak on the fitness landscape, every information of the parental strains is recombined, new mutation is by definition not beneficial. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we have used a highly efficient procedure based on lentiviral-mediated transgenesis to carry out in vivo fine-mapping of, cis-regulatory sequences that control lineage-specific activation of Neurog3, a master regulator of pancreatic endocrine differentiation. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, in the ketamine group, the level of Ten‑Eleven‑Translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase for demethylation as determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR assay was increased in comparison with the control group, but that was not the case for the level of DNA methyltransferases for methylation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • What are the consequences of expressing a constitutively activated form of the Toll receptor, Toll(10b), in anterior regions of the early embryo? (sdbonline.org)
  • We have previously shown that the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells 2 (NFATC1) is overexpressed in FLT3ITD-positive AML, yet its role in the transformation and AML development is unknown. (uni-marburg.de)
  • In some processes, chromatin modifications carry heritable regulatory information that is transmitted from mother to daughter cells, whereas in other cases, they are implicated in the execution of the information contained in the DNA sequence, or occur as a consequence of dynamic nuclear processes such as transcription. (plos.org)
  • Steroid or nuclear hormone receptors constitute an important superfamily of transcription regulators that are involved in widely diverse physiological functions, including control of embryonic development, cell differentiation and homeostasis. (embl.de)
  • Transcription factors 3: nuclear receptors. (embl.de)
  • A team of Ludwig Cancer Research scientists has mapped out how a mutant version of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) known as EGFRvIII specifically drives critical processes that alter the reading of the genome to fuel the growth of the brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme and -- most important -- how each process is linked to the other. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
  • Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
  • In the research laboratory, recombination is represents loss of the previously most highly fit widely considered a dominant feature of retro- genomic sequence. (cdc.gov)
  • Our data demonstrates that transcription factors vary substantially in their binding dynamics, genomic localization, number of binding events, and degree of interaction with other factors. (nih.gov)
  • Interleukin-10 (IL-10) activates a diverse array of functional responses in mononuclear phagocytes. (nih.gov)
  • Many processes in parasite biology involve changes at the chromatin level, including regulation of transcription along a complex life cycle, delimitation of functional elements in the genome, and antigenic variation. (plos.org)
  • This suggests that XMLC2 is a direct target for activation by MEF2D and indicates that functional differences exist between MEF2 family members to activate the XMLC2 gene. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Hemophilia B, or Christmas disease, is an inherited, recessive disorder that involves deficiency of functional coagulation factor IX (FIX) in plasma. (medscape.com)
  • The S. cerevisiae Reference Genome sequence is derived from laboratory strain S288C . (yeastgenome.org)
  • This activates the target site for recombination with "donor DNAs" via homology-dependent repair. (yale.edu)
  • The receptors function as dimeric molecules in nuclei to regulate the transcription of target genes in a ligand-responsive manner. (embl.de)
  • One strategy uses antisense specific to the target gene to disrupt the transcription of the faulty gene . (genetherapynet.com)
  • The RNA origamis were integrated in the small RNAs that guide CRISPR-Cas9 to target specific sequences in the DNA genome. (au.dk)
  • It functions as a transcription factor that regulates transcription of specific target genes. (arigobio.com)
  • Human airway epithelial cells exposed to influenza A virus (IAV) induced several novel miRNAs that were identified using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and their target genes by biochemical methods. (cdc.gov)
  • We describe here a new class of caged morpholino oligonucleotides that can be activated by the bacterial nitroreductase NfsB. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhibitor of differentiation 2 ( Id2 ) is a critical factor for cell proliferation and differentiation in normal vertebrate development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further, many of the TF-DNA interactions at stimulus-activated genes are established during differentiation and maintained in a poised state. (nih.gov)
  • For example, mesoderm determinants are activated in the anterior third of the embryo, whereas neurogenic genes are expressed in central regions. (sdbonline.org)
  • Some cross-references in the storybook of the genome might still hide in other regulatory sequences, like promoter regions that are in close proximity to the gene itself. (mpg.de)
  • these regions can between the two RNA templates so that the be conceptualized as "peaks" on a "fitness land- newly synthesized retroviral DNA sequence is scape" of sequence space. (cdc.gov)
  • On rugged fitness landscapes--regions of recombine in nature was proposed early in the sequence space where as few as one or two epidemic (11). (cdc.gov)
  • These kinases then phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues (Y446 and Y496) on the intracellular domain of the IL-10R1 chain. (nih.gov)
  • The bZIP protein sequence contains 2 conserved bZIP domains with a total length of ~ 60-80 amino acids. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ATF-2 is normally activated in response to signals that converge on stress-activated protein kinases p38 and JNK. (wikipedia.org)
  • So-called constitutive genes-those that perform basic "housekeeping" functions and are nearly always active at low levels-required only a basic set of regulatory controls, whereas those activated by environmental signals, known as inducible genes, had a more specialized architecture. (genengnews.com)
  • The resolution and completeness of the data allowed us to identify 21 protein assemblages and also to identify the absence of specific regulatory control signals at housekeeping genes," concluded study co-author Shaun Mahony, PhD, an assistant professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Penn State. (genengnews.com)
  • Recognition of stress cues and transduction of signals to activate adaptive responses and regulation of stress-related genes are key steps leading to plant stress tolerance [ 1 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because recombinant antibody production involves sequencing the antibody light and heavy chains, it is a highly controlled and reliable process. (cellsignal.com)
  • In vitro methods for producing antibodies are amenable to large-scale production, meaning antibody availability is unlikely to become a limiting factor. (cellsignal.com)
  • in situations where an antibody will be used to support large, long-term studies, this can be an especially critical factor. (cellsignal.com)
  • By comparing the staining from the blocked antibody versus the antibody alone, one can see which staining is specific. (affbiotech.com)
  • We used histologic, immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, and metabolic assays to characterize kidneys from these mice and controls during development and up to postnatal day 21. (lww.com)