AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Membrane ProteinsCell MembraneEukaryotic CellsBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsMembranesIntracellular MembranesMembrane LipidsMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceMembrane PotentialsMembranes, ArtificialErythrocyte MembraneMembrane FluidityMembrane Transport ProteinsEscherichia coliBacterial ProteinsBase SequenceProtein TransportCell Membrane PermeabilityProtein BindingProtein Structure, TertiaryBasement MembraneLipid BilayersDetergentsMembrane GlycoproteinsCell LineMutationSequence Homology, Amino AcidCarrier ProteinsEndoplasmic ReticulumModels, MolecularCloning, MolecularRecombinant Fusion ProteinsMolecular WeightElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelMicroscopy, ElectronModels, BiologicalPorinsProtein ConformationEscherichia coli ProteinsProtein Structure, SecondaryGolgi ApparatusSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsBinding SitesViral Matrix ProteinsSequence AlignmentMitochondrial MembranesRecombinant ProteinsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeCell FractionationLiposomesEukaryotic Initiation Factor-4EEukaryotaEukaryotic Initiation Factor-2SolubilityKineticsMicroscopy, FluorescenceCytoplasmCells, CulturedProtein BiosynthesisProtein Sorting SignalsPlasmidsRabbitsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationSubcellular FractionsSynaptic MembranesFungal ProteinsBlotting, WesternHeLa CellsTemperatureCalciumRNA, MessengerProtein FoldingMitochondriaFluorescent Antibody TechniqueProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalPeptidesSignal TransductionEndocytosisImmunoblottingCricetinaePhylogenyTransfectionErythrocytesCattleHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsLysosome-Associated Membrane GlycoproteinsMicroscopy, ImmunoelectronEukaryotic Initiation Factor-4GVacuolesGreen Fluorescent ProteinsEndosomesPeptide Initiation FactorsPhosphatidylcholinesProteinsMicellesMicroscopy, ConfocalAdenosine TriphosphateGenes, BacterialFreeze Fracturing
Plasma membraneEndoplasmic reticulumEukaryotesTypical eukaryotic cellGenesReceptorCellsBacterialLocalizationStructuralCytosolicCryo-electron mInterestinglyNucleusStructuresRibosomeSecretory proteinsEncodeGenome sequenceComplexesGenomesResiduesCell membranesCytoskeletonEnzymeSolubleCellularMitochondrialMotifSynthesisOuterGeneticSubunitsRibosomal proteinSignal transductionOrganismBindsBoundCytoplasmHistonesMoleculeSpeciesPost-translationallyBiochemicalVitroTarget proteinsCommon ancestorPeptideIntracellularKinasesInteractionsMotifsGlycosylationDistinctSubunitAccessionInteinsAmenableDatasetsRefseqTranscriptionNanodiscsBioinformaticLipidResearchersAmino acid seqFunctionRecombinant proteinFoundHeterologous
Plasma membrane8
  • TMEM211 is localized to the plasma membrane as a result of its four transmembrane helices. (wikipedia.org)
  • It mediates fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane resulting in exocytosis of neurotransmitters. (researchgate.net)
  • Many eukaryotic cell surface proteins are attached to the plasma membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Lipid signaling employs various messenger molecules that carry out communication between the plasma membrane, the endomembrane compartments, and the cytoplasm. (frontiersin.org)
  • The membrane integral receptor kinases function to receive extracellular signals and transmit them across the plasma membrane into the cells, while many intracellular kinases function to relay and amplify the signals in the cells. (ncsu.edu)
  • The challenges of crystallizing membrane proteins-and how they're being overcome Computer artwork of a G protein-coupled receptor in the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane Medi-Mation Ltd / Photo Researchers Membrane proteins represent only a handful of the total number of protein structures defined to date. (the-scientist.com)
  • RER is found mainly toward the nucleus of cell and SER towards the cell membrane or plasma membrane of cell. (cloudfront.net)
  • This neurodegeneration may arise due to a lack of retrograde trafficking support during development of these ganglia or due to lack of delivering efficient plasma membrane required during axonal growth cone formation. (uni-goettingen.de)
Endoplasmic reticulum21
Eukaryotes13
  • The oligosaccharyltransferase is a hetero-octameric integral membrane protein in higher eukaryotes. (umassmed.edu)
  • In bacteria and archaea the genome is not membrane enclosed and "free floating" yet centrally positioned in the cytoplasm, whereas in eukaryotes the genome is located in a dedicated organelle, the nucleus and surrounded by the nuclear membrane. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • It is remodeled actively in eukaryotes by motor enzymes that can move or displace nucleosomes, in addition to remodeling mechanisms more ubiquitous in bacteria and archaea that are based on the interplay between multiple architectural proteins. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • It has been shown in past that secretory proteins of eukaryotes have signal sequence at N-terminus, which can be used to predict its secretory nature. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus it is not possible to use subcellular localization methods developed either for eukaryotes [ 4 ] or prokaryote [ 5 ] for localization of P. falciparum proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcription in eukaryotes is the elaborate process that eukaryotic cells use to copy genetic information stored in DNA into units of transportable complementary RNA replica. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • The most-extensively studied core promoter element in eukaryotes is a short DNA sequence known as a TATA box, found 25-30 base pairs upstream from the start site of transcription. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes do not have specific termination sequences on their genes. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Given the near-ubiquity of only 6 proteins across ciliated eukaryotes, we propose that the MKS complex represents a dynamic complex built around these 6 proteins and implicated in Y-link formation and ciliary permeability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because many yeast proteins are similar in sequence and function to those found in other organisms, studies performed in yeast can help us to determine how a particular gene or protein functions in higher eukaryotes (including humans). (jove.com)
  • Yeast belong to the domain Eukaryota, which is comprised of organisms with membrane-bound nuclei, referred to as eukaryotes. (jove.com)
  • Interestingly, many proteins found in yeast share similar sequences with proteins from their fellow Eukaryotes. (jove.com)
  • By investigating the function of a given protein in yeast, researchers gain insight into the protein's function in higher eukaryotes, such as us, humans. (jove.com)
Typical eukaryotic cell2
  • A typical eukaryotic cell ribosome consists of two subunits named 60S (large subunit) and 40S (small). (brighthub.com)
  • Unlike typical eukaryotic cell division, the two cells are not equal in size following mitosis. (jove.com)
Genes11
  • Discovery and sequence analysis of bacterial genes involved in the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes. (rhea-db.org)
  • We report the DNA sequence and mutational analysis of a novel cluster of six Bradyrhizobium japonicum genes of which at least three (designated cycV, cycW, and cycX) are essential for the formation of all cellular c-type cytochromes. (rhea-db.org)
  • This is particularly true when expressing eukaryotic genes in bacterial hosts. (neb.com)
  • Genes encoding a membrane fusion system might have been acquired from the eukaryotic host by horizontal gene transfer. (virology.ws)
  • A similar expansion of genes encoding an antagonist of a host innate immune protein has been observed in the genome of vaccinia virus (discussed on TWiV #198 ). (virology.ws)
  • Its basic shape is imposed by the proteins mentioned above, but it is subject to continuous remodeling to live up to the demands of genes being expressed or repressed. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • In addition to dissecting these mechanistic aspects of gene regulation, we are interested in the roles and physiological consequences of the products of genes regulated by chromatin proteins. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • As transcription of many genes and operons responds to environmental changes and as these are often mediated by chromatin proteins, it is expected that 1) the architectural interplay of such proteins and/or 2) their direct response to physicochemical changes determines loop formation and dissolution leading to altered transcription levels. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • There are 518 protein kinases in the Human genome, comprising about 2% of all genes. (ncsu.edu)
  • This releases the upstream portion of the transcript, which will serve as the initial RNA prior to further processing (the pre-mRNA in the case of protein-encoding genes). (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Because many membrane proteins are expressed by multiple species, homologous genes should be tested and screened to identify proteins that are most amenable to crystallization. (the-scientist.com)
Receptor9
  • T cell activation through the CD2 cell surface receptor is transmitted by proline-rich sequences within its cytoplasmic tail. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The BEACH domain is found in eukaryotic proteins that have diverse cellular functions ranging from lysosomal traffic to apoptosis and cytokinesisin vesicle trafficking, membrane dynamics, and receptor signaling. (embl.de)
  • We insert synthetic peptides into proteins of interest via tandem protein trans-splicing using two orthogonal split intein pairs and validate our approach by investigating different aspects of GFP, Na V 1.5 and P2X2 receptor function. (biorxiv.org)
  • The signal recognition particle (SRP), a ribonucleoprotein that binds to the polypeptide exit site on the ribosome, and the membrane bound SRP receptor (SR) function together to selectively attach a ribosome synthesizing a protein with an RER signal sequences to the Sec61 complex. (umassmed.edu)
  • They are classified into mainly two types of protein kinases, membrane integral receptor kinases and intracellular kinases. (ncsu.edu)
  • One example comes from Raymond Stevens and colleagues at the Scripps Research Institute who discovered that lipids were essential for determining the structure of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that responds to adrenaline. (the-scientist.com)
  • 1 This gave a structural explanation for the observation that cholesterol in the membrane is essential for the dimerization, and hence the signaling function, of this receptor. (the-scientist.com)
  • SNARE (Soluble NSF attachment protein receptor) proteins have been implicated as central in membrane trafficking events. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • SNARE (Soluble NSF attachment protein receptor)-Proteinen wurde eine zentrale Rolle bei der Steuerung der intrazellulären Lokalisationprozesse für die Membran zugeschrieben. (uni-goettingen.de)
Cells20
  • Despite recent progress in ribosome-dependent and semi-synthetic chemical modifications, these techniques sometimes have limitations in the number and type of modifications that can be simultaneously introduced or their application in live eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here we present a new approach to incorporate single or multiple post-translational modifications or non-canonical amino acids into soluble and membrane proteins expressed in eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • Additionally, insertion of multiple chemical modifications by genetic code expansion remains a challenge, particularly in eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • We thus sought to complement these approaches with a method that could incorporate synthetic peptides carrying multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) or ncAAs into both cytosolic and membrane proteins in live eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • The objective of this project is to develop a rapid method to inactivate the posttranslational pathway in vivo in yeast cells by appending the CMV-ribosome stalling sequence to the C-terminus of a typical posttranslational translocation substrate (carboxypeptidase Y). Complexes between the posttranslational translocation channel (SEC complex) and the stalled ribosomes will be purified for structural and functional analysis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Reference: "A Knowledge Base for Predicting Protein Localization Sites in Eukaryotic Cells", Kenta Nakai & Minoru Kanehisa, Genomics 14:897-911, 1992. (githubusercontent.com)
  • The authors believe that one copy of this gene was duplicated repeatedly as more of the encoded protein was needed to replicate in host cells. (virology.ws)
  • Protein kinases are major signal transmitters in eukaryotic cells. (ncsu.edu)
  • These include a sequence that the eukaryotic cells found in animals use to sense pathogens, which is also involved in triggering cell death. (phys.org)
  • We suspect it makes pores in the membranes of the arthropod cells that surround Wolbachia, thereby allowing the phage to overcome both the bacterial and arthropod membranes that surround it. (phys.org)
  • For protein expression human being embryonic kidney HEK-293T cells were transfected with FuGENE HD (Promega). (biomasswars.com)
  • Fig 1 Manifestation and subcellular localization of MERS-CoV accessory proteins in HEK-293T cells. (biomasswars.com)
  • A) The different accessory proteins 3 4 4 and 5 were indicated in HEK-293T cells fixed after 24 h 1-NA-PP1 and stained having a mouse anti-FLAG immunoglobulin G (IgG) … After confirmation of protein expression we investigated putative IFN antagonistic functions. (biomasswars.com)
  • in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are the histones . (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently it has been shown that HPV16 E5 may co-precipitate with the heavy chain of HLA-I in cells over-expressing the E5 protein [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The structure of a ribosome is complex, and it is responsible for making the millions of proteins that are needed by cells. (brighthub.com)
  • Finally, the video describes some of the many ways in which yeast cells are put to work in modern scientific research, including protein purification and the study of DNA repair mechanisms and other cellular processes related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (jove.com)
  • When most eukaryotic cells divide via mitosis and cytokinesis, there is an equal segregation of genetic material and cytoplasm in daughter cells. (jove.com)
  • In eukaryotic cells molecules need to be transported to their correct intracellular destination without compromising the structural integrity of cellular compartments in order to maintain homoeostasis and to allow appropriate signalling cascades in certain space and time. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Here, we show that the protein level of ClpP is selectively decreased in αSyn-expressing cell culture and neurons derived from iPS cells of PD patient carrying αSyn A53T mutant, and in dopaminergic (DA) neurons of αSyn A53T mice and PD patient postmortem brains. (springer.com)
Bacterial3
  • Here, we address this challenge by establishing a bacterial cell-free protein synthesis platform that enables rapid production of a variety of OSTs in their active conformations. (biorxiv.org)
  • That is one of the surprise discoveries made by a pair of Vanderbilt biologists when they sequenced the genome of a virus that attacks Wolbachia, a bacterial parasite that has successfully infected not only black widow spiders but more than half of all arthropod species, which include insects, spiders and crustaceans. (phys.org)
  • Selkrig J , Leyton DL, Webb CT & Lithgow T (2014) Assembly of β-barrel proteins into bacterial outer membranes. (ukaachen.de)
Localization8
  • 1. Title: Protein Localization Sites 2. (githubusercontent.com)
  • Reference: "A Probablistic Classification System for Predicting the Cellular Localization Sites of Proteins", Paul Horton & Kenta Nakai, Intelligent Systems in Molecular Biology, 109-115. (githubusercontent.com)
  • Predicted Attribute: Localization site of protein. (githubusercontent.com)
  • Reference: "Expert Sytem for Predicting Protein Localization Sites in Gram-Negative Bacteria", Kenta Nakai & Minoru Kanehisa, PROTEINS: Structure, Function, and Genetics 11:95-110, 1991. (githubusercontent.com)
  • Table 1 Features of MERS-CoV accessory proteins For heterologous manifestation and cellular protein localization studies accessory open reading frames (ORFs) 3 4 and 4b were PCR amplified from MERS-CoV cDNA (primer sequences in Table S1 in the supplemental material) whereas ORF 5 was synthesized (Existence Systems). (biomasswars.com)
  • To designate the subcellular localization of proteins a colocalization study with organelle marker antibodies was carried out as explained before (19). (biomasswars.com)
  • Sueki A, Stein F, Savitski MM, Selkrig J * & Typas A* (2020) Systematic Localization of Escherichia coli Membrane Proteins. (ukaachen.de)
  • SNAREs vti1a and vti1b share 30% similarity in their amino acid sequences and have a distinct but overlapping subcellular localization. (uni-goettingen.de)
Structural11
  • The Web site "www.artichokegenome.unito.it" hosts all the available genomic sequences, together with their structural/functional annotations and project information are presented to users via the open-source tool JBrowse, allowing the analysis of collinearity and the discovery of genomic variants, thus representing a one-stop resource for Cynara cardunculus genomics. (researchgate.net)
  • The GYF domain is a novel structural fold that is involved in lymphoid signaling through proline-rich sequences. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The so-called RxLR effectors share a number of structural features and have modular architectures: an N-terminal signal peptide, followed by the RxLR motif and then often (but not always) associated with a downstream dEER sequence in a disordered region. (eu.org)
  • The project should involve both studies of protein function by the applicant researchers and structural studies by the PSI:Biology network. (nih.gov)
  • Research in our lab focuses on structural and mechanistic studies of protein kinases in various biological processes. (ncsu.edu)
  • It is an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • The expected topology of p3 and p4b exposed solitary transmembrane domains whereas p5 experienced three putative transmembrane domains similar to the CoV structural membrane (M) protein (16). (biomasswars.com)
  • Introduction to genomic & Proteomics, Structural genomics and proteomics, Human Genome project and other sequencing projects, Biological databases and data mining, sequence similarity search and sequence alignment, Protein structure predication and structure analysis, use of software package in Bioinformatics. (bits-pilani.ac.in)
  • We also uncovered a striking correlation between lack of TZ proteins in non-seed land plants and loss of TZ-specific ciliary Y-links that link microtubule doublets to the membrane, consistent with the interpretation that these proteins are structural components of Y-links, or regulators of their formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transformation can include embedding of new proteins in membrane as well as structural changes. (cloudfront.net)
  • Changes in protein content may occur without noticeable structural changes. (cloudfront.net)
Cytosolic2
Cryo-electron m2
  • New technologies for purifying membrane-bound protein complexes in combination with cryo-electron microscopy (EM) have recently allowed the exploration of such complexes under near-native conditions. (researchgate.net)
  • We determined subnanometer-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of eukaryotic ribosome-Sec61 complexes. (cipsm.de)
Interestingly1
  • Interestingly, the genomes of insects, plants and vertebrates encode two STT3 proteins. (umassmed.edu)
Nucleus4
  • They have a distinct nucleus, organelles involved in energy metabolism (mitochondria and chloroplast), extensive internal membranes and a cytoskeleton of protein fibres and flaments. (tripod.com)
  • This must have happened after the nucleus was acquired by the eukaryotic lineage. (tripod.com)
  • The origin of eukaryotic nucleus is almost certainly autogenous and not a result of endosymbiosis. (tripod.com)
  • The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell splits into two identical daughter nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)
Structures5
  • Applicants to this FOA should propose work to solve a substantial biological problem for which the determination of many protein structures is necessary. (nih.gov)
  • Ideally, the solution of these protein structures will also contribute to the understanding of protein sequence-structure relationships in general. (nih.gov)
  • What are the protein primary structures? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Membrane proteins represent only a handful of the total number of protein structures defined to date. (the-scientist.com)
  • X-ray crystallography-still the only general method for solving the atomic structures of proteins of any size-has been hampered by the extreme difficulty of preparing and crystallizing pure membrane proteins. (the-scientist.com)
Ribosome10
  • SRP recognises the signal sequence of the nascent polypeptide on the ribosome. (embl.de)
  • This domain is necessary for retarding the elongation of the nascent polypeptide chain, which gives SRP time to dock the ribosome-polypeptide complex to the RER membrane. (embl.de)
  • Because the approach can introduce virtually any chemical modification into both intracellular and extracellular regions of target proteins, we anticipate that it will overcome some of the drawbacks of other semi-synthetic or ribosome-dependent methods to engineer proteins. (biorxiv.org)
  • A ribosome is a biological molecule made of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins (ribosomal proteins). (brighthub.com)
  • Think of a ribosome as a small protein biosynthetic factory that translates the DNA genetic information into an amino acid sequence (the primary structure of proteins). (brighthub.com)
  • The ribosome is responsible for manufacturing the proteins. (brighthub.com)
  • The actual process is quite complex, but in essence thanks to the ribosome the actual proteins (needed by the cell) are assembled. (brighthub.com)
  • A ribosome only binds to the RER once a specific protein-nucleic acid complex forms in the cytosol. (cloudfront.net)
  • This special complex forms when a free ribosome begins translating the mRNA of a protein destined for the secretory pathway . (cloudfront.net)
  • Translation pauses and the ribosome complex binds to the RER translocon where translation continues with the nascent (new) protein forming into the RER lumen and/or membrane. (cloudfront.net)
Secretory proteins11
  • Thus identification of these secretory proteins is important for developing vaccine/drug against malaria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The existing motif-based methods have got limited success due to lack of universal motif in all secretory proteins of malaria parasite. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study a systematic attempt has been made to develop a general method for predicting secretory proteins of malaria parasite. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All models were trained and tested on a non-redundant dataset of 252 secretory and 252 non-secretory proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, for the first time PSSM profiles obtained from PSI-BLAST, have been used for predicting secretory proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study demonstrates that secretory proteins have different residue composition than non-secretory proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, it is possible to predict secretory proteins from its residue composition-using machine learning technique. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A web server PSEApred has been developed for predicting secretory proteins of malaria parasites,the URL can be found in the Availability and requirements section. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The identification of secretory proteins of Plasmodium falciparum has got limited success, since experimental identification of these proteins is rather difficult due to complex nature of parasite. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Though TargetP is successful for eukaryotic protein but fails to predict known P. falicparum secretory proteins like PfEMP1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the completion of Plasmodium genome sequence, the challenge is to combine experimental and bioinformatics tools in order to develop algorithm with high predictive value for secretory proteins of malaria parasite. (biomedcentral.com)
Encode3
  • Since many of today's expression vectors encode Shine-Dalgarno sequences it is easy to overlook problems with translation initiation. (neb.com)
  • It encodes 1227 predicted open reading frames, of which 27% encode proteins that match known eukaryotic sequences, while over half are not recognizable. (virology.ws)
  • As BsV does not encode enzymes involved in this process, the virus must use host tRNAs in the process of protein synthesis. (virology.ws)
Genome sequence4
  • The recently acquired genome sequence of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. (researchgate.net)
  • The same search parameters were applied to reveal the SSR content of 14 other plant species for which genome sequence is available. (researchgate.net)
  • The genome sequence contains many of the canonical P. multocida virulence factors associated with a range of human and animal diseases, including the pmHAS gene for hyaluronidase associated with bovine haemorrhagic septicaemia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Promptly released genome sequence info (15) was used to forecast putative protein localizations and motifs including transmembrane domains using TMpred glycosylation sites and putative double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding domains using DELTA-BLAST. (biomasswars.com)
Complexes4
  • Biochemical experiments have revealed that the two SST3 proteins (STT3A and STT3B) assemble with a shared set of non-catalytic subunits into two separate OST complexes with different kinetic properties. (umassmed.edu)
  • Each RNA polymerase requires the assistance of several other proteins or protein complexes, called general (or basal) transcription factors, which must assemble into a complex on the promoter in order for RNA polymerase to bind and start transcription. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Ciliary compartmentalisation is linked to two protein complexes, the MKS and NPHP complexes, at the TZ that consist largely of ciliopathy proteins, leading to the hypothesis that ciliopathy proteins affect signalling by regulating ciliary content. (biomedcentral.com)
  • this result may explain why RPGRIP1L, which forms the linker between the two complexes, is not one of the core conserved proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Genomes2
  • Independent of these cytological differences, all genomes are shaped by the action of abundant proteins with architectural function. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • He and Senior Research Specialist Sarah Bordenstein reported the results of their study in a paper titled "Eukaryotic association module in phage WO genomes from Wolbachia" published Oct. 11 in the journal Nature Communications . (phys.org)
Residues4
  • Sequence comparison of L. mexicana, yeast and human GPI8 proteins identified two potential active site cysteine residues. (gla.ac.uk)
  • A hydrophobic surface patch is created by motif residues that are highly conserved among a variety of proteins from diverse eukaryotic species. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Even less information is known about dEER, but it appears in most of the RxLR motif-containing proteins: two acidic residues followed by a positively charged Arg or Lys, or in some instances three acidic residues. (eu.org)
  • A particular challenge is the synthesis of oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs), which catalyze the attachment of glycans to specific amino acid residues in target proteins. (biorxiv.org)
Cell membranes3
Cytoskeleton1
  • Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an important intermediate in membrane lipid metabolism that acts as a key component of signaling networks, regulating the spatio-temporal dynamics of the endomembrane system and the cytoskeleton. (frontiersin.org)
Enzyme4
  • Enzyme activity assays with crude beetle protein extracts revealed that glucosinolate sulfatase (GSS) activity is associated with the gut membrane and has narrow substrate specificity towards the benzenic glucosinolate sinalbin. (nature.com)
  • Specifically, by using lipid nanodiscs as cellular membrane mimics, we obtained yields of up to 440 µg/mL for the single-subunit OST enzyme, 'Protein glycosylation B' (PglB) from Campylobacter jejuni , as well as for three additional PglB homologs from Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari , and Desulfovibrio gigas . (biorxiv.org)
  • However, since by definition an enzyme is a protein and ribosomes contain RNA many have termed this new type of biocatalyst as a "ribozyme. (brighthub.com)
  • The protein is processed in the ER lumen by an enzyme (a signal peptidase ), which removes the signal peptide. (cloudfront.net)
Soluble1
  • even the apo form of cytochrome c1 was not detectable, neither in the membrane nor in the soluble fraction. (rhea-db.org)
Cellular3
  • Upon virus illness the IFN induction pathway is definitely induced by dsRNA molecules (intermediates of viral replication) that can be sensed by cellular retinoic acid-inducible gene I product (RIG-I)-like helicases (RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 [MDA5]) (20). (biomasswars.com)
  • Others are bound to cellular membranes. (brighthub.com)
  • Because it's genome has been sequenced, its genetics are easily manipulated, and it is easy to maintain in the lab, this species of yeast has been an invaluable resource in the understanding of fundamental cellular processes such as cell division and cell death. (jove.com)
Mitochondrial5
  • mitochondrial outer membrane voltage-dependent. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • The co-chaperone Hep1 is required to prevent the aggregation of mitochondrial Hsp70 proteins. (cipsm.de)
  • Although studies suggest that αSyn and its missense mutant, A53T, preferentially accumulate in the mitochondria, the mechanisms by which αSyn and mitochondrial proteins regulate each other to trigger mitochondrial and neuronal toxicity are poorly understood. (springer.com)
  • ATP-dependent Clp protease (ClpP), a mitochondrial matrix protease, plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial protein turnover and bioenergetics activity. (springer.com)
  • Deficiency in ClpP induces an overload of mitochondrial misfolded/unfolded proteins, suppresses mitochondrial respiratory activity, increases mitochondrial oxidative damage and causes cell death. (springer.com)
Motif8
  • The GYF sequence is part of a structurally unique bulge-helix-bulge motif that constitutes the major binding site for the CD2 tail. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Mutagenesis and NMR analysis demonstrated that the CD2 binding region of CD2BP2 includes a 17-aa motif (GPY[orF]xxxxM[orV]xxWxxx GYF), also found in several yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans proteins of unknown function. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The RxLR motif is found in secreted proteins which can be cleaved at the site and was shown to play a role in targeting the host cell ( Dou,2008 ), while RxLR motif-containing proteins were associated with functions perturbing host cell processes. (eu.org)
  • Oomycete effector proteins localizing into the host cell cytoplasm often contain an RxLR motif after their signal peptide( Dou,2008 ). (eu.org)
  • The conserved Arg-X-Leu-Arg (RxLR) sequence motif was shown to play an essential role in transporting the secreted pathogen proteins across the plant membrane ( Dou,2008 ). (eu.org)
  • Both PEXEL and RxLR motif containing proteins have a preceding signal peptide and they get N-terminally acetylated after cleavage. (eu.org)
  • C07K2319/10 - Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a tag for extracellular membrane crossing, e.g. (google.com)
  • A gating motif in the translocation channel sets the hydrophobicity threshold for signal sequence function. (umassmed.edu)
Synthesis4
  • The eukaryotic mitochondria (ATP synthesis) are endosymbionts like chloroplasts. (tripod.com)
  • Following me will be Corinna Tuckey, who will describe the utility and advantages of the PURExpress in vitro protein synthesis kit. (neb.com)
  • The genome encodes proteins involved in DNA replication and repair, RNA synthesis and modification, translation proteins, and capsid proteins. (virology.ws)
  • The two types of ER share many of the same proteins and engage in certain common activities such as the synthesis of certain lipids and cholesterol . (cloudfront.net)
Outer2
Genetic3
  • Chemical or genetic engineering of proteins provides great potential to study protein function and pharmacology or to generate proteins with novel properties. (biorxiv.org)
  • There are ample mobile genetic elements present, including self splicing proteins (called inteins) and sequences known as ribozymes that can splice themselves out of an RNA. (virology.ws)
  • Their sequencing and bioinformatic efforts also allowed the Bordensteins to identify the genetic sequences that phage WO uses to insert its genome into theWolbachia chromosome. (phys.org)
Subunits2
  • events have receptors stimulated with students( GAGs), unregulated chains docking of a inactive actin, all of an been protein respiration cell a considerable subunits. (evakoch.com)
  • IKK is a large protein complex containing the kinase subunits IKKα and IKKβ, and the regulatory subunit NF-κB essential modifier (NEMO, also known as IKKγ). (ncsu.edu)
Ribosomal protein2
  • This antiserum gave a similar immunofluorescence pattern in T. brucei to those of an epitope-tagged ribosomal protein, QM. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Here we demonstrate that PSRP1 is not a bona fide ribosomal protein, but rather a functional homologue of the Escherichia coli cold-shock protein pY. (cipsm.de)
Signal transduction2
Organism3
  • A fusion protein of GPI8 and GFP was expressed in L. mexicana to attempt to localise GPI8 in this organism. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The volume and quality of proteins produced depends on the organism, cell type, promoter, and vector used to generate them. (the-scientist.com)
  • S. cerevisiae is an attractive model organism due to the fact that its genome has been sequenced, its genetics are easily manipulated, and it is very easy to maintain in the lab. (jove.com)
Binds1
  • It was identified in the human intracellular protein termed CD2 binding protein 2 (CD2BP2), which binds to a site containing two tandem PPPGHR segments within the cytoplasmic region of CD2. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Bound3
  • The Alu domain consists of a heterodimer of SRP9 and SRP14 bound to the 5' and 3' terminal sequences of SRP RNA. (embl.de)
  • A protein bound on the interior of a cell membrane that generates a second messenger. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • [9] However, the ribosomes are not a stable part of this organelle's structure as they are constantly being bound and released from the membrane. (cloudfront.net)
Cytoplasm1
Histones1
  • Well-known examples are the eukaryotic and archaeal histones that wrap DNA and the nucleoid-associated proteins in bacteria and archaea that bend and bridge DNA. (universiteitleiden.nl)
Molecule3
  • Eukaryotic SRP consists of six polypeptides (SRP9, SRP14, SRP19, SRP54, SRP68 and SRP72) and a single 300 nucleotide 7S RNA molecule. (embl.de)
  • Search proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule. (rhea-db.org)
  • These proteins, aided by chaperone proteins , bind to and condense the DNA molecule to maintain its integrity. (wikipedia.org)
Species1
  • However, there is no way of knowing in advance which species or expression method is going to yield a well-behaved protein. (the-scientist.com)
Post-translationally1
  • Semi-synthetic approaches offer an alternative means to manipulate proteins post-translationally, but these modifications have typically been performed in vitro 3 - 8 . (biorxiv.org)
Biochemical1
  • We investigate the activity of these proteins in vitro as well as in vivo using biochemical and state-of-the-art biophysical approaches. (universiteitleiden.nl)
Vitro2
  • NEB also offers solutions for expressing these types of proteins, either in vitro or in vivo. (neb.com)
  • Also, my group is investigating the (architectural) interplay between different types of chromatin proteins in vitro (Laurens et al. (universiteitleiden.nl)
Target proteins1
  • Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of cell-free synthesized OSTs to glycosylate multiple target proteins with varying N -glycosylation acceptor sequons. (biorxiv.org)
Common ancestor1
  • These proteins are often homologous, and their similar sequences indicate that the organisms share a common ancestor. (jove.com)
Peptide1
  • The latter facilitates the simultaneous use of two orthogonal split inteins within the same peptide or protein, an approach termed tandem protein trans-splicing (tPTS). (biorxiv.org)
Intracellular1
  • A membrane-proximal proline-rich tandem repeat, involved in cytokine production, is recognized by the intracellular CD2 binding protein CD2BP2. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Kinases1
  • Bradley D, Viéitez C, Rajeeve V, Selkrig J , Cutillas PR & Beltrao P (2021) Sequence and Structure-Based Analysis of Specificity Determinants in Eukaryotic Protein Kinases. (ukaachen.de)
Interactions2
  • Hence, a proline-binding module distinct from SH3 and WW domains regulates protein-protein interactions. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Protein conformation is critically linked to function and often controlled by interactions with regulatory factors. (cipsm.de)
Motifs1
  • However, a number of well known and experimentally documented secretory/erythrocyte membrane associated proteins lack these motifs, thus emphasizing the existence of multiple pathways that operate in parallel [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Glycosylation2
Distinct2
  • In 1994, through application of broad range molecular amplification and DNA sequencing, the causative agent was recognized as distinct from E . chaffeensis . (cdc.gov)
  • despite this, the composition of the ciliary membrane is distinct from that of the cell membrane [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Subunit4
  • The active site subunit of the OST is the STT3 protein. (umassmed.edu)
  • Most promoters for RNA polymerase II also have a conserved sequence called the TATA box, which is recognized by a subunit of the transcription factor TFIID. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • According to Alberts et al (2002) the 60S subunit is made of a 5S RNA (of 120 nucleotides), a 28S RNA (of 4700 nucleotides), a 5.8S subunit (of 160 nucleotides) and around 49 proteins. (brighthub.com)
  • The 40S subunit, on the contrary, has a 1900 nucleotide (18S) RNA and approximately 33 proteins. (brighthub.com)
Accession2
  • One clone ID might be correlated to multiple accession numbers, which share the same CDS sequence. (genscript.com)
  • 1. Sequence Name: Accession number for the SWISS-PROT database 2. (githubusercontent.com)
Inteins2
  • The critical requirement for splicing to occur is typically the presence of a Cys, Ser or Thr side chain (depending on the split intein in question) in the +1 position of the extein (the sequence flanking the split intein) and multiple split inteins have recently been optimized for increased splicing efficiency 10 - 12 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Indeed, most live cell applications of PTS utilize single split inteins for the purpose of N/C-terminal tagging 16 - 18 or manipulating protein assembly/expression 19 , 20 . (biorxiv.org)
Amenable1
  • The proteins should be amenable to high-throughput structure determination and/or should provide suitable targets to motivate new technology development. (nih.gov)
Datasets1
  • While BsV was isolated from fresh water, the finding of abundant related genome sequences in oceanic datasets suggests that they are part of the largest group of giant viruses in the seas. (virology.ws)
Refseq1
  • The following Vma21 gene cDNA ORF clone sequences were retrieved from the NCBI Reference Sequence Database (RefSeq). (genscript.com)
Transcription4
  • Our interest lies in understanding how architectural proteins act on DNA and how they regulate transcription. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)
  • The TATA box is recognized by a transcription factor called TATA-binding protein (TBP), which is part of a larger complex called TFIID. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Eukaryotic RNA polymerases do not terminate transcription at a specific site but rather transcription can stop at varying distances downstream of the gene. (stemcelldaily.com)
Nanodiscs1
  • In particular, polymer-encapsulated nanodiscs enable the study of membrane proteins at high resolution while retaining protein-protein and protein-lip. (researchgate.net)
Bioinformatic1
  • This bioinformatic analysis represents the first systematic analysis of the cohort of TZ complex proteins across eukaryotic evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
Lipid1
  • Large micelles increase the ratio of lipid to protein, making it difficult to pack the protein to a density sufficient for crystal formation. (the-scientist.com)
Researchers1
  • When expressing membrane proteins, researchers must assume from the start that the protein will be difficult to express in functional form. (neb.com)
Amino acid seq1
Function4
  • The fusion protein, however, was unable to restore GPI8 function in the null mutant, therefore data on its localisation cannot be inferred. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Manipulation of proteins by chemical modification is a powerful way to decipher their function or harness that function for therapeutic purposes. (biorxiv.org)
  • These findings suggest that these protein family members may function at the same site during vesicular transport rather than in separate pathways. (nih.gov)
  • Editing involves changing some nucleotides in the pre-mRNA to alter its sequence and function. (stemcelldaily.com)
Recombinant protein3
  • These antibodies detected recombinant protein but failed to detect protein in L. mexicana cell lysates. (gla.ac.uk)
  • NEB has a long history in recombinant protein expression and has developed a wide array of solutions for proteins that are difficult to express. (neb.com)
  • The two most common problems during recombinant protein expression are low expression level and solubility of the target protein. (neb.com)
Found4
  • While still found in brain tissue at higher concentrations than the majority of other brain proteins, LHFPL2 displays an abundance in platelets that is 60 times greater, in the top 10% of platelet proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • This domain is found preceding the BEACH domain in beige-like and BEACH-domain containing proteins. (embl.de)
  • If a membrane protein expresses at a high level, almost certainly some of this protein will be found in the insoluble fraction. (neb.com)
  • Only ______ are found in proteins. (flashcardmachine.com)
Heterologous1
  • Preexisting antivector immunity can severely compromise the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium live vaccines to induce protective CD8 T-cell frequencies after type III secretion system-mediated heterologous protein translocation in orally immunized mice. (cipsm.de)