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AdiponectinReceptors, AdiponectinSequence Homology, Amino AcidSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidAmino Acid SequenceMolecular Sequence DataBase SequenceCloning, MolecularSequence HomologySequence AlignmentLeptinInsulin ResistanceResistinGenesNucleic Acid HybridizationDNA, ComplementaryAdipokinesRNA, MessengerDNAIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMolecular WeightEscherichia coliDNA Restriction EnzymesRestriction MappingAdipocytesObesityProteinsGenes, BacterialStructural Homology, ProteinBinding Sitessrc Homology DomainsAdipose TissuePlasmidsProtein Structure, TertiaryRecombinant ProteinsSpecies SpecificitySequence Analysis, DNAModels, Molecular3T3-L1 CellsBacterial ProteinsCell LinePhylogenyInsulinProtein BindingOpen Reading FramesBody Mass IndexTranscription, GeneticDNA, BacterialProtein ConformationBiological MarkersCarrier ProteinsGene LibraryMultigene FamilyGene Expression RegulationConserved SequenceGene ExpressionBlood GlucoseMutationDNA PrimersPeptide FragmentsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Polymerase Chain ReactionChromosome MappingMetabolic Syndrome XSubstrate SpecificityPPAR gammaRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidAdiposityRecombinant Fusion ProteinsGenes, ViralMembrane ProteinsBlotting, NorthernAMP-Activated Protein KinasesBlotting, SouthernSignal TransductionBiological EvolutionElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelCells, CulturedProtein Structure, SecondaryPromoter Regions, GeneticSaccharomyces cerevisiaeTransfectionCattleDNA-Binding ProteinsDNA, ViralThiazolidinedionesNucleic Acid ConformationPeptidesBlotting, WesternIntra-Abdominal FatKineticsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayPlant ProteinsViral ProteinsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionCase-Control StudiesSubcutaneous FatLiverRNAGenetic Complementation Test

ReceptorInsulinReceptorsProteinsEndoplasmic reticulumAMPKAdiposeBiologicallyObesityGlucoseAmino acid seqSpeciesMetabolicT2DMIdentity with ratProteinDiabetesSignal sequenceMechanismFactorFamilyRegionPreventLeptinSimilarityPolymeraseInsulin sensitivityGenomicGene expressionAdipocytesTranscriptRegulatorySuggestMouseDomainType

Receptor7

• PIs also have a high affinity for the catalytic site of HIV-1 protease, which shares a 60% sequence homology with 2 proteins involved in lipid metabolism, cytoplasmic retinoic acid-binding protein type 1 (CRABP-1), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LDLR-RP). (medscape.com)
• Exenatide shows 53% sequence homology with native GLP-1, while still binding effectively to GLP-1 receptor on pancreatic β cells for its insulinotropic effects. (hindawi.com)
• Similar to adiponectin, ADP-1 increased the expression of the adiponectin receptor 1 gene. (phoenixpeptide.com)
• Discovery of a novel potent peptide agonist to adiponectin receptor 1. (phoenixpeptide.com)
• A potent peptide as adiponectin receptor 1 agonist to against fibrosis. (phoenixpeptide.com)
• adiponectin receptor 2 [Source:HGNC Sym. (gsea-msigdb.org)
• Here, we show that a group of neurons in the Drosophila larval brain expresses the adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) and controls systemic growth and metabolism through insulin signaling. (cnrs.fr)

Insulin6

• Enhancing ceramide degradation also endows these metabolic benefits, and adiponectin exerts their antidiabetic, cardioprotective, and insulin-sensitizing actions through activating its receptors, which are ligand-activated ceramidases ( 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
• The amount of expression of adiponectin has been observed to be related to diseases such as insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
• Because the GSTK1 is seen to play a role in the multimerization of adiponectin, this enzyme can regulate the concentration of adiponectin and thus enhance insulin sensitivity and protect against diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
• In addition, they create a large production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to the production of cytokines, macrophage recruitment, and inhibition of glucose transport 4 (GLUT-4), along with a deficiency in insulin signaling and the hormones leptin and adiponectin. (medscape.com)
• Low plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory factor adiponectin characterize obesity and insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
• Many altered factors in obesity are known to activate PI3K/Akt pathway including increased blood levels of insulin, Insulin-like growth factor-1, leptin, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α and decreased blood level of adiponectin ( 9 , 10 ). (amegroups.org)

Receptors2

• The adiponectin receptors, ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2, serve as receptors for globular and full-length adiponectin and mediate increased AMPK and PPAR-alpha ligand activities, as well as fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake by adiponectin. (avivasysbio.com)
• Activation of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) by its natural ligand, adiponectin has been known to be involved in modulating critical metabolic processes such as glucose metabolism and fatty acid oxidation as demonstrated by a number of in vitro and in vivo studies over last two decades. (phoenixpeptide.com)

Proteins1

• Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein encoded by NAIP contains regions of homology to two baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, and it is able to suppress apoptosis induced by various signals. (abbkine.com)

Endoplasmic reticulum1

• GSTK1 has been suggested to promote adiponectin multimerization in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but this has been contradicted by later studies. (wikipedia.org)

AMPK1

• A collagen domain-derived short adiponectin peptide activates APPL1 and AMPK signaling pathways and improves glucose and fatty acid metabolisms. (phoenixpeptide.com)

Adipose4

• Several anti-diabetic strategies including adiponectin, ezetimibe, liraglutide, taurine, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and even exercise as well as natural products such GABA tea, geniposide, guava extract, vitamin D have been shown to target autophagy. (frontiersin.org)
• To elucidate the relationship between plasma levels of adiponectin, adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue, and markers of inflammation, we obtained blood samples, anthropometric measures, and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from 65 postmenopausal healthy women. (diabetesjournals.org)
• Adiponectin plasma levels and adipose-tissue gene expression were significantly lower in obese subjects and inversely correlated with obesity-associated variables, including high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). (diabetesjournals.org)
• 0.05), whereas the inverse correlation between adiponectin plasma levels or adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue with plasma IL-6 were largely dependent on the clustering of obesity-associated variables. (diabetesjournals.org)

Biologically2

• Because of limitations in production of biologically active adiponectin, adiponectin-mimetic AdipoRs' agonists have been suggested as alternative ways to expand the opportunity to develop anti-diabetic agents. (phoenixpeptide.com)
• The candidate gene approach focuses on the search for an association between T2DM and sequence variants in or near biologically defined candidate genes which have been chosen based on their known physiological function. (scialert.net)

Obesity1

• Effects of Obesity on Adiponectin System Skin Expression in Dogs: A Comparative Study. (avivasysbio.com)

Glucose2

• Results showed that dexamethasone-induced dysfunctional 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with different concentrations of vindoline significantly enhanced basal glucose consumption, accompanied by increased expression of GLUT-4, IRS-1 and adiponectin. (bvsalud.org)
• To our knowledge this is the first report on identification of a short peptidefrom adiponectin with positive effects on glucose or fatty acid metabolism. (phoenixpeptide.com)

Amino acid seq1

• The human IL-17F shares 55.90% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and 57.14% identity with rat. (medchemexpress.com)

Species1

• This paper focuses on the medicine food homology (MFH) species used in China with hypolipidemic function can you buy prednisone in mexico and emphasizes on the active ingredients and their pharmacological effect. (city-made.com)

Metabolic1

• 32] Overall, steatosis, whether metabolic or HCV induced, worsens the sequence of events leading to advanced fibrosis in patients with HCV and needs to be addressed when managing our patients with HCV. (city-made.com)

T2DM1

• First, molecular events in T2DM pathogenesis have been examined directly by testing the role of sequence variants of specific candidate genes. (scialert.net)

Identity with rat1

• This sequence has 100% identity with rat and human MYH13, and has low homology to other myosin family members. (ecmbio.com)

Protein3

• Finally, the signal sequence is cleaved and the pre-protein is either folded or trafficked onwards. (elifesciences.org)
• This sequence has high homology to the conserved site in rat, mouse, and bovine prion protein. (ecmbio.com)
• Examples of these endeavours include the Human Genome Project, and more recently, the Structural Genomics (SG) initiative.The SG initiative pursues the expansion of structural coverage to include at least one structural representative for each protein family to derive the remaining structures using homology modelling. (uchile.cl)

Diabetes2

• Consequently, several therapeutic agents such as adiponectin, ezetimibe, GABA tea, geniposide, liraglutide, guava extract, and vitamin D were shown to inhibit diabetes and its complications through modulation of the autophagy pathway. (frontiersin.org)
• Adiponectin is a fat tissue-derived adipokine with beneficial effects against diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. (phoenixpeptide.com)

Signal sequence2

• which contain an N-terminal cleavable signal sequence. (elifesciences.org)
• PrPs have an N-terminal signal sequence and a C-terminal linkage to glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. (ecmbio.com)

Mechanism1

• In conclusion, our data suggest a transcriptional mechanism leading to decreased adiponectin plasma levels in obese women and demonstrate that low levels of adiponectin are associated with higher levels of hs-CRP and IL-6, two inflammatory mediators and markers of increased cardiovascular risk. (diabetesjournals.org)

Factor1

• G-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1 [S. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Family1

• PKD is a unique PKC family member that shares distant sequence homology to calcium-regulated kinases and plays an important role in muscle physiology. (bvsalud.org)

Region1

• The repetitiveness and complexity of the sequence have also caused difficulty in determining the organization of this genomic region. (abbkine.com)

Prevent1

• GSTK1 can prevent ER stress and ER stress-induced adiponectin down-regulation, implying that GSTK1 assists the ER's functions. (wikipedia.org)

Leptin1

• In addition, they create a large production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to the production of cytokines, macrophage recruitment, and inhibition of glucose transport 4 (GLUT-4), along with a deficiency in insulin signaling and the hormones leptin and adiponectin. (medscape.com)

Similarity1

• family with sequence similarity. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Polymerase1

• GYPA, GYPB and GYPE genes had been analysed by polymerase chain response (PCR), cloning and sequencing utilizing reticulocyte mRNA and genomic DNA. (tbdb.org)

Insulin sensitivity2

• Because the GSTK1 is seen to play a role in the multimerization of adiponectin, this enzyme can regulate the concentration of adiponectin and thus enhance insulin sensitivity and protect against diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
• In addition, stimulation of adiponectin expression by the suppression of DNMT1 activity repressed inflammatory responses and increased insulin sensitivity in obese mice, which would provide novel insights into mechanisms underpinning the reprogramming of adiponectin gene expression by DNA methylation in metabolic complications. (nature.com)

Genomic1

• Lengthy-range PCR and sequencing utilizing genomic DNA revealed that the people had a GYPB-E(2-4)-B hybrid gene. (tbdb.org)

Gene expression4

• Epigenetic regulation including DNA methylation is one of the crucial mechanisms in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression without DNA sequence modification 1 . (nature.com)
• In particular, it has not been explored whether epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation play roles in the dysregulation of adiponectin gene expression in obesity. (nature.com)
• In this study, we have investigated the role of DNA methylation in adiponectin gene expression. (nature.com)
• Interplay of adiponectin, TNFα and insulin on gene expression, glucose uptake and PPARγ, AKT and TOR pathways in rainbow trout cultured adipocytes. (geneticsmr.com)

Adipocytes1

• Moreover, DNA methylation at the adiponectin promoter is mediated by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 whose expression is elevated in adipocytes of obese subjects. (nature.com)

Transcript1

• When reticulocyte mRNA from the people with M-active glycophorin (20 kDa) was examined by PCR and cloning adopted by sequencing, a novel GYPE-B hybrid transcript was recognized. (tbdb.org)

Regulatory1

• Generally, adiponectin expression is governed in several regulatory steps such as transcriptional and post-translational regulation including oligomer assembly and secretion. (nature.com)

Suggest1

• These findings suggest a critical role of adiponectin gene epigenetic control by DNMT1 in governing energy homeostasis, implying that modulating DNMT1 activity represents a new strategy for the treatment of obesity-related diseases. (nature.com)

Mouse2

• This sequence is conserved in rat and mouse PYK2, and has significant homology to the conserved site in FAK. (ecmbio.com)
• This sequence is highly conserved in rat and mouse GSK-3β, and has 65% homology to similar regions in GSK-3α. (ecmbio.com)

Domain1

• Two GSK-3 genes (α and β) have been cloned in mammals and these kinase homologues show strong sequence conservation within their catalytic domain. (ecmbio.com)

Type3

• The amount of expression of adiponectin has been observed to be related to diseases such as insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
• To determine correlation between genetic susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Src homology 2 B adapter protein 1 (SH2B1) gene polymorphism in a diabetic population. (nih.gov)
• Interestingly, adiponectin expression and its serum levels are negatively correlated with obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases 15 . (nature.com)