Sequence gene transcription. Medical search. Frequent questions

In a stem-loop structure, genetic material trapped within the loop is recognized by transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC NER) proteins as damage due to RNA polymerase being ostensibly stalled at the neck of the loop. (wikipedia.org)
Gene repression often depends on the recruitment of Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, although the sequences that underlie the recruitment of PcG proteins, also known as Polycomb response elements (PREs), remain poorly understood in vertebrates. (imperial.ac.uk)
It has been found that upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mRNA of this gene is processed to an active form by an unconventional splicing mechanism that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). (cancerindex.org)
8, 9] STAT3 is one of 7 human STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) proteins, which are critical second messengers for many cytokine, hormone, and growth factor receptors. (medscape.com)
Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
Findings from the new study-published recently in Nature through an article titled, " A high-resolution protein architecture of the budding yeast genome "-mapped precise binding sites of more than 400 different chromosomal proteins in the yeast genome, most of which regulate the expression of genes. (genengnews.com)
We identified 21 meta-assemblages consisting of roughly 400 different proteins that are related to DNA replication, centromeres, subtelomeres, transposons, and transcription by RNA polymerase (Pol) I, II, and III. (genengnews.com)
The findings challenge the traditional view of our genetic blueprint as a tidy collection of independent genes, pointing instead to a complex network in which genes, along with regulatory elements and other types of DNA sequences that do not code for proteins, interact in overlapping ways not yet fully understood. (nih.gov)
In recent years, researchers have made major strides in using DNA sequence data to identify genes, which are traditionally defined as the parts of the genome that code for proteins. (nih.gov)
In particular, we gained significant insight into DNA sequences that do not encode proteins, which we knew very little about before," said Ewan Birney, Ph.D., head of genome annotation at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory's European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) in Hinxton, England, who led ENCODE's massive data integration and analysis effort. (nih.gov)
More than half of all human genes are alternatively spliced, so it is expected that alternative pre- mRNA splicing will be responsible for the identification of more than 90 percent of all human proteins. (genomicglossaries.com)
Transcription factors are proteins that regulate the transcription of genes, or the production of mRNA from DNA. (biolegend.com)
How do genes direct the production of proteins? (medlineplus.gov)
Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
A few genes produce regulatory molecules that help the cell assemble proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
Through the processes of transcription and translation, information from genes is used to make proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
Gene expression generally produces proteins, but there are also non-coding genes that produce RNA molecules (rRNA, tRNA). (lu.se)
Transcription factors are a group of proteins that are needed for a gene to start being copied to RNA, i.e. for transcription to start. (lu.se)
Epigenetic modifications of the histone proteins, such as acetylation or methylation, affect how tightly the DNA is packed around the histones and thus how accessible the DNA sequence is. (lu.se)
It is not only the genes that code for proteins that are methylated, but also parts of the DNA that code for regulatory functions (RNA molecules), which can have a greater effect than genes. (lu.se)
Analysis of the pattern of proteins or messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in histological tissue sections is a cornerstone in biomedical research and diagnostics.This typically involves the visualization of a few proteins or expressed genes at a time. (lu.se)
Genes vary in size, depending on the sizes of the proteins or RNA for which they code. (msdmanuals.com)

We then surveyed the distribution of stress-related cis -regulatory elements in the −1.5 kb promoter regions of ZmCAMTA genes. (frontiersin.org)
Notably, a large number of stress-related elements present in the promoter regions of some ZmCAMTA genes, indicating a genetic basis of stress expression regulation of these genes. (frontiersin.org)
CAMTAs participate in gene expression regulation by binding to the cis -elements in the promoter regions of numerous target genes. (frontiersin.org)
This gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates MHC class II genes by binding to a promoter element referred to as an X box. (cancerindex.org)
This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
This spacer and the putative promoter 600 bp upstream from the hsa‐miR‐200c stem-loop contain six putative binding sequences for [zinc‐finger E‐box binding homeobox 1] ZEB1, two of which were restricted to ZEB factors (Z‐box 1 and 2, CAGGTA). (wikiversity.org)
The absolute transcriptional activity of the promoter was 55‐fold higher than the activity of the spacer sequence. (wikiversity.org)
Snail-related and E2A factors bind to a consensus E-box promoter element (CANNTG), whereas ZEB factors bind to a related, but not necessarily identical sequence (CAGGTG/A), termed Z-Box. (wikiversity.org)
Dimerized STATs then translocate to the nucleus, where they bind DNA in the promoter sequences of target genes to activate transcription. (medscape.com)
First, there is the transcription of genes to mRNA which is largely regulated by the promoter sequence. (tum.de)
2) sequence segment located between the promoter and the first structural gene that causes partial termination of transcription. (insdc.org)
a cis-acting sequence that increases the utilization of (some) eukaryotic promoters, and can function in either orientation and in any location (upstream or downstream) relative to the promoter. (insdc.org)
a transcriptional cis regulatory region that when located between an enhancer and a gene's promoter prevents the enhancer from modulating the expression of the gene. (insdc.org)
87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
An Epoch Times article cited an April study, which has not been peer-reviewed, that found part of a DNA sequence called an "SV40 promoter" in two expired Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine vials. (politifact.com)
In this case, the "SV40 promoter" is a DNA sequence that was first identified in the SV40 virus. (politifact.com)
In the SV40 virus, the SV40 promoter drives the expression of a cancer-causing gene, said Phillip Buckhalts, director of the Cancer Genetics Lab and professor at the University of South Carolina, who was not involved in the study. (politifact.com)
Their unique feature is their ability to bind DNA at sequences known as promoter or enhancer regions. (biolegend.com)
DNA constructs were cloned into a pGL3 promoter vector for luciferase gene reporter assays. (cdc.gov)
In front of every gene is a DNA sequence called a promoter. (lu.se)
Transcription factors bind alongside the promoter and set off the gene expression. (lu.se)

According to a press release of the German Helmholtz Centre in Munich/Germany, this sequence is the "anchor genome" for capturing the complete genetic diversity of bread wheat. (rural21.com)
Here we use translated uORFs mapped through ribosome-profiling experiments and a deep catalog of human genetic variation to characterize patterns of selection acting on single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in uORF sequences. (nature.com)
We assess evidence for the functional importance of translation at uORFs, and explore possible phenotypic consequences associated with genetic variation in these sequences. (nature.com)
They carefully charted those sequences that lead to genetic influences in the offspring. (naturalnews.com)
The Genetic Science Learning Center at the University of Utah offers an interactive introduction to transcription and translation . (medlineplus.gov)
Genetic variants with gene regulatory effects are associated with diisocyanate -induced asthma. (cdc.gov)
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify DA-associated functional genetic variants through next-generation sequencing (NGS), bioinformatics, and functional assays. (cdc.gov)
These results demonstrate that many DA-associated genetic variants likely act by modulating gene regulation. (cdc.gov)
Because epigenetic changes are essentially reversible - unlike genetic changes - the starting point for the search for drugs is that epigenetically inactivated genes can be reactivated (and vice versa) if only the right molecule is added. (lu.se)
The constitutional loss of one allele of the Wilms tumor gene ( WT1 ) results in GU anomalies and forms the first of 2 genetic events in the development of a Wilms tumor. (medscape.com)
The genetic structure includes 4 zinc-finger regions, which suggest that WT1 may be important in controlling the expression of other genes. (medscape.com)
The genotype (or genome) is a person's unique combination of genes or genetic makeup. (msdmanuals.com)
More than 20 different genetic mutations resulting in the functional deletion of both pairs of alpha-globin genes (--/--) have been identified. (medscape.com)
There are more than 15 different genetic mutations that result in decreased production of alpha globin, usually through functional deletion of 1 or more of the 4 alpha-globin genes. (medscape.com)
The latter should be based on chromosome banding analysis as well as on molecular genetic analyses, such as "next-generation sequencing" of relevant genes supplemented with fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions analyses when needed. (cancercentrum.se)

Here we have used a highly efficient procedure based on lentiviral-mediated transgenesis to carry out in vivo fine-mapping of, cis-regulatory sequences that control lineage-specific activation of Neurog3, a master regulator of pancreatic endocrine differentiation. (imperial.ac.uk)
For the first time, we are in a position to assign the proportions in the expression of characteristics to individual sub-genomes and to analyse the gene expression with the help of regulatory networks," says Andrea Bräutigam, who participated in the project at the Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research. (rural21.com)
a regulatory region that controls epigenetic imprinting and affects the expression of target genes in an allele- or parent-of-origin-specific manner. (insdc.org)
The study revealed two distinct gene regulatory architectures, expanding the traditional model of gene regulation. (genengnews.com)
So-called constitutive genes-those that perform basic "housekeeping" functions and are nearly always active at low levels-required only a basic set of regulatory controls, whereas those activated by environmental signals, known as inducible genes, had a more specialized architecture. (genengnews.com)
The resolution and completeness of the data allowed us to identify 21 protein assemblages and also to identify the absence of specific regulatory control signals at housekeeping genes," concluded study co-author Shaun Mahony, PhD, an assistant professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Penn State. (genengnews.com)
The computational methods that we've developed to analyze this data could serve as a jumping-off point for further development for gene regulatory studies in more complex organisms. (genengnews.com)
We are looking for a bioinformatician or candidates with experience in computational biology interested to work in the field of genomics to understand gene regulatory mechanisms using next-generation sequencing datasets. (helsinki.fi)
It is a key regulatory gene of eye and brain development. (biolegend.com)
We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
In addition to classical gene regulatory networks noted above, we have recently identified a central role for additional biologic mechanisms, namely gene regulation by chromatin regulators and by noncoding RNAs. (stanford.edu)
and (4) how dynamic modeling of DNA-binding and gene expression data can be used to infer regulatory logic of TF circuitry. (lu.se)
Ranking of DA-associated SNPs based on their likelihood to affect gene regulatory mechanisms in the lung yielded 21 prioritized SNPs. (cdc.gov)

Despite the availability of six completely sequenced legume genomes, a comprehensive investigation of bZIP family members in legumes has yet to be presented. (datadryad.org)
This file includes the bZIPs protein sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana and six legume genomes (Glycine max,Medicago truncatula,Cajanus cajan,Cicer arietinum,Phaseolus vulgaris and Lotus japonicus). (datadryad.org)
An international consortium has sequenced one of the first genomes of a moth from the superfamily Noctuoidea: Spodoptera frugiperda, or fall armyworm. (rural21.com)
Using recent advances in sequencing, the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium now presents in the first transcription atlas of all wheat an annotated reference genome with a detailed analysis of gene content among sub-genomes and the structural organisation for all the chromosomes. (rural21.com)
Haplotyping germline and cancer genomes with high-throughput linked-read sequencing. (nature.com)
Indeed, bacterial genomes carry, on average, from 78% (for genomes containing the polymerase PolC) to 58% (for the other genomes) of their genes on the leading strand [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Conserved DNA sequence features underlie pervasive RNA polymerase pausing. (mpg.de)
region on a DNA molecule involved in RNA polymerase binding to initiate transcription. (insdc.org)
FFPE tissues were tested by Zika virus reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the nonstructural protein 5 and envelope genes using general methods for RT-PCR ( 4 ), and by immunohistochemistry using a mouse polyclonal anti-Zika virus antibody, using methods previously described ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect viral RNA in brain tissue. (who.int)

My area of expertise is in transcription factor biology using several genome-wide functional genomics methods (ChIP-seq/nexus, bulk/single-cell RNA-seq), chromatin conformation (ATAC-seq, DHS-seq), chromatin architecture methods (in situ HiC, ChIA-PET), cell fate conversion using transcription factors (transdifferention) and high-throughput enhancer assays (MPRAs such as STARR-seq). (helsinki.fi)

In particular, I am involved in the data analysis of next-generation Illumina sequencing datasets of genome-wide transcription factor binding, epigenetic modifications and chromatin accessibility. (helsinki.fi)
So due to both gene transcription control interruptions and epigenetic developments, the offspring were mutated to have a predisposition toward obesity , diabetes and cardiovascular issues. (naturalnews.com)
Epigenetic control of gene expression lasts through multiple cell divisions without alterations in primary DNA sequence and can occur via mechanisms that include histone modification and DNA methylation. (stanford.edu)
Noncoding RNA sequences can regulate gene expression via interactions with epigenetic and other control mechanisms. (stanford.edu)
The gene expression varies between different types of cell and when these epigenetic changes are inherited by daughter cells through cell division in the womb, different tissues and organs are built. (lu.se)

Using the bioinformatics tool MAGICTRICKS and reversible pharmacological inhibition, we found that primed genes required the transcriptional activities of NF-κB. (frontiersin.org)
Gene activation is dependent on cell-specific transcription factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sequences. (imperial.ac.uk)
The lack of understanding of post-transcriptional regulation implies we still do not have a complete picture of how genes are regulated. (tum.de)

Landscape of somatic mutations in 560 breast cancer whole-genome sequences. (nature.com)
Using the allele frequency spectrum of SNVs from 71,702 whole genome sequences in gnomAD, we find that SNVs introducing new stop codons, or creating stronger translation termination signals in uORFs are under strong selective constraints within 5′UTRs. (nature.com)

Also, experimental scientists interested in modern, cutting-edge functional genomics tools for epigenetics research in cancer, gene regulation by transcription factors in cancer, bioinformatics and computational analysis of genome-wide datasets are always encouraged to be in touch. (helsinki.fi)
Spatial transcriptomics provides quantitative gene expression data and visualization of the distribution of mRNAs within tissue sections and enables novel types of bioinformatics analyses, valuable in research and diagnostics. (lu.se)

Conclusions: In summary, this genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of legume bZIP genes provides valuable information for understanding the molecular functions and evolution of the legume bZIP transcription factor family, and highlights potential legume bZIP genes involved in regulating tissue development and abiotic stress responses. (datadryad.org)
Our research is stimulated by new technologies, and we employ genome-wide data such as microarrays, nanostring and sequencing, with advanced methods in learning and statistics. (tau.ac.il)

This entailed mining available transcriptomic and/or genomic sequence datasets for the presence of homologues of known TIMPs, predicting secondary structures of defined protein sequences, systematic phylogenetic analyses and assessment of differential expression of genes encoding putative TIMPs in the developmental stages of A. suum , N. americanus and Schistosoma haematobium which infect the mammalian hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
A total of 15 protein sequences with high homology to known eukaryotic TIMPs were predicted from the complement of sequence data available for parasitic helminths and subjected to in-depth bioinformatic analyses. (biomedcentral.com)

We used RNA sequencing coupled with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to analyze primed microglial inflammatory gene expression and modifications to histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) at the promoters of primed genes. (frontiersin.org)
We used chromatin immunoprecipitation, exonuclease digestion, and DNA sequencing (ChIP-exo/seq) to define this architecture in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ," the authors wrote. (genengnews.com)

Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
Mutations in the STAT3 gene cause most cases of AD-HIES. (medscape.com)
In 2007, autosomal dominant mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) gene were identified as the molecular cause of this disease. (medscape.com)
STAT3 gene is diagrammed with depiction of hotspots (areas where higher numbers of patients were noted to have mutations). (medscape.com)
Mutations in the STAT3 gene have been identified in almost all cases of clinically verified autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES). (medscape.com)
Mutations causing medullary cystic kidney disease type 1 lie in a large VNTR in MUC1 missed by massively parallel sequencing. (tau.ac.il)
ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)
Mutations and gene deletions causing the thalassemia genotype have arisen independently in different populations but have subsequently propagated by means of natural selection. (medscape.com)

However, a strong association between DNA methylation and age-dependent gene expression was found for various transcription factors (i.e. (ugent.be)
Incomplete dosage compensation, independent of DNA methylation, was found to be largely responsible for sexually dimorphic gene expression, with dosage compensation increasing throughout life. (ugent.be)
In conclusion, our results indicate that DNA methylation regulates neurodevelopmental gene expression dynamics through steering transcription factor activity, but does not explain sexually dimorphic gene expression patterns in zebra finch telencephalon. (ugent.be)
DNA methylation is a chemical process that regulates the function of the genes. (lu.se)

The fish and mammalian sequences are also well conserved, particularly for zebrafish, to beyond the end of the hydrophobic sequence (identity 41-53%, 78 amino acids, zebrafish length). (nih.gov)
The structural similarity is particularly interesting given recent reports of three new genes with similarities to PrPs found in Fugu (PrP-like, PrP-461/stPrP-1 and stPrP-2) and other fish, but for which direct evolution to higher vertebrate PrPs is unlikely and for which no other mammalian homologues have been found. (nih.gov)
Our results reveal important principles about the organization of functional elements in the human genome, providing new perspectives on everything from DNA transcription to mammalian evolution. (nih.gov)

RUNX1 belongs to the runt domain family of transcription factors and regulates target gene expression through forming a heterodimeric DNA-binding complex with CBFB. (biolegend.com)
RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)

Knowledge of the function of the genes, if possible all genes, in an organism is crucial. (rural21.com)

Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)

I am using next-generation sequencing based methods such as massively parallel reporter assays (STARR-seq) to decode enhancer function and nascent RNA mapping for understanding their role in cancer genome reprogramming. (helsinki.fi)

Stochastic models of gene transcription with upstream drives: exact solution and sample path characterization. (crossref.org)
In particular, upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are segments of 5′UTR mRNA sequences that can initiate and terminate translation upstream of protein-coding start codons. (nature.com)

As we all know, the genome encodes the instructions to regulate gene activity. (tum.de)
HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)

T-box transcription factor T, also known as Brachyury protein, is encoded for in humans by the TBXT gene. (wikipedia.org)
Yeast cells provide a simple model system with 6,000 genes, most of which are found in other organisms, including humans, making them excellent candidates for studying fundamental genetics and complex biological pathways. (genengnews.com)
A biological process that is crucial for gene expression in most animal life, including humans. (genomicglossaries.com)
Humans have about 20,000 to 23,000 genes. (msdmanuals.com)

Upon phosphorylation by the receptors, Smad complexes translocate into the nucleus, where they cooperate with sequence-specific transcription factors to regulate gene expression. (nih.gov)

Several new genomics technologies have become available that offer long-read sequencing or long-range mapping with higher throughput and higher resolution analysis than ever before. (nature.com)

The chromosome distribution and analysis for WGD-derived duplicated blocks revealed that the legume bZIP genes have expanded mainly by segmental duplication rather than tandem duplication. (datadryad.org)
Past genomic studies have comprehensively described the organization of the bacterial chromosome, for example in terms of gene localization, order and orientation. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene organization in the bacterial chromosome has very well known effects on transcription and a standard example is the organization of genes into operons, which allows for a sophisticated regulation of gene expression [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It has also been shown that neighbouring genes in a bacterial chromosome tend to be co-expressed, even if they are not in the same operon [ 10 ], suggesting the existence of a "supra-operonic" organization [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The research teams describe in a new study an extensive and high-resolution map of chromosome architecture and gene regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -an effort they say is a major step toward improving understanding of development, evolution, and environmental responses in higher organisms. (genengnews.com)
Subject A has a large deletion on chromosome 11 that removes one copy of the BDNF gene. (medscape.com)
A chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes. (msdmanuals.com)
A chromosome contains many genes. (msdmanuals.com)
The alpha-globin genes are encoded on chromosome 16, and the gamma-, delta-, and beta-globin genes are encoded on chromosome 11. (medscape.com)
Alpha thalassemia syndromes are caused by deficient expression of 1 or more of the 4 alpha-globin genes on chromosome 16 and are characterized by absent or reduced synthesis of alpha-globin chains. (medscape.com)
Alpha-chain genes in duplication on chromosome 16 pairing with non-alpha chains to produce various normal hemoglobins. (medscape.com)
The deletion of varying lengths of chromosomal material along the short arm of chromosome 11 is the underlying defect, and developmental abnormalities are related to the contiguous loss of neighboring genes. (medscape.com)

What is striking is that major differences in gene expression exist particularly at the ends of the chromosomes, coding for agronomically important traits," Bräutigam explains. (rural21.com)
Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person's genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in the cell nucleus. (msdmanuals.com)
Protein synthesis is controlled by genes, which are contained on chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)

I am also analyzing long-read nanopore sequencing data for improved mapping of repetitive elements in cancer cells. (helsinki.fi)

In the luciferase assay 4 of the 21 SNPs exhibited allele-dependent changes in gene expression. (cdc.gov)

these form the preinitiation complex, which with RNA poly II bind to and read single stranded DNA gene template. (flashcardmachine.com)
These constitutive promoters comprise a short nucleosome-free region (NFR) adjacent to a +1 nucleosome, which together bind the transcription-initiation factor TFIID to form a preinitiation complex. (genengnews.com)
The traditional model of gene regulation involves transcription factors, which bind to specific DNA sequences to control the expression of a nearby gene. (genengnews.com)
However, the researchers found that "housekeeping" genes-which comprise the majority of genes in yeast-lacked a protein-DNA architecture that would allow specific transcription factors to bind, a hallmark of inducible genes. (genengnews.com)
The encoded protein contains two different binding sites that are known to bind DNA and function as a regulator of gene transcription. (biolegend.com)
Certain transcription factors do not bind when the DNA is methylated while others only bind when the DNA is methylated. (lu.se)
[ 2 ] The product of the WT1 gene has zinc finger arrays that bind to specific DNA sequences, whereas the amino terminus appears to regulate transcription. (medscape.com)

Whether and how a gene is expressed is determined by a complex interaction of multiple factors including genotype, gene expression, environmental factors (including illnesses and diet), and other factors, some of which are unknown. (msdmanuals.com)

The legume bZIP genes were categorized into 11 groups according to their phylogenetic relationships with genes from Arabidopsis. (datadryad.org)
Expression data further revealed that the legume bZIP genes were expressed constitutively or in an organ-specific, development-dependent manner playing roles in multiple seed developmental stages and tissues. (datadryad.org)
We also detected several key legume bZIP genes involved in drought- and salt-responses by comparing fold changes of expression values in drought-stressed or salt-stressed roots and leaves. (datadryad.org)

‌TBXT transcribes genes that form notochord cells, which are responsible for the flexibility, length, and balance of the spine, including tail vertebrae. (wikipedia.org)
Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
presents an opportunity to manipulate gene expression within the cells to treat various diseases, and acts as a powerful tool for studying gene function utilizing antisense agents to manage the diseases by regulating the expression of the specific factor that actually causes the particular disease. (genomicglossaries.com)
Using these variants, we map and validate gene-disease associations in two independent biobanks containing exome sequencing from 10,900 and 32,268 individuals, respectively, and elucidate their impact on protein expression in human cells. (nature.com)
The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
This process is mediated by 2 mutually exclusive programs of gene expression: 1) an undifferentiated program supporting proliferation by stem cells within the basal layer and 2) a differentiation program instructing growth arrest and differentiation-associated programmed cell death in suprabasal layers. (stanford.edu)
We used the paradigmatic GATA-PU.1 axis to explore, at the systems level, dynamic relationships between transcription factor (TF) binding and global gene expression programs as multipotent cells differentiate. (lu.se)
The same DNA sequence is then found in all the baby's cells. (lu.se)
Even if the DNA sequence - the set of genes - is the same in all cells, only certain genes are expressed, i.e. only information from certain genes is copied (transcribed) and used to build protein structures or regulate processes. (lu.se)
Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)

Fig. 4: Example of a novel isoforms discovered using long-read sequencing. (nature.com)

With the complete wheat genome now available, and follow-up work, it will be possible to identify genes in wheat more precisely and faster. (rural21.com)

These events are dependent on the proper levels of transcription and translation of certain genes. (cancerquest.org)

Fig. 5: Detecting methylated nucleotides using single-molecule sequencing. (nature.com)
The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which "reads" the sequence of mRNA nucleotides. (medlineplus.gov)
Each sequence of three nucleotides, called a codon, usually codes for one particular amino acid. (medlineplus.gov)
Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a "stop" codon (a sequence of three nucleotides that does not code for an amino acid). (medlineplus.gov)

Once the transcription factor binds to an enhancer region, this can cause stimulation or repression of gene transcription. (biolegend.com)

Conservation of order and transcription orientation of two proximal genes between fishes and mammals strongly indicates gene orthology. (nih.gov)

Our results suggest translation disrupting mechanisms relating uORF variation to reduced protein expression, and demonstrate that translation at uORFs is genetically constrained in 50% of human genes. (nature.com)

However, until now, most studies have concentrated on functional elements associated with specific genes and have not provided insights about functional elements throughout the genome. (nih.gov)
Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)

Moreover, transcriptomic analyses have demonstrated that, in free-living bacteria, gene transcription levels and chromosomal organization are mutually influenced. (biomedcentral.com)
Using an oligonucleotide-based microarray, we normalized the transcriptomic data by genomic DNA signals in order to have access to inter-gene comparison data. (biomedcentral.com)

Alternative splicing is the creation of multiple pre-mRNA sequences from the same gene by the action of different promoters. (aao.org)
These promoters cause certain exons to be skipped during transcription of the gene. (aao.org)
Promoters" have long been used in molecular biology to drive gene transcription, the process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. (politifact.com)
Promoters " are parts of DNA that drive gene transcription , the process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. (politifact.com)

Genomic studies on bacteria have clearly shown the existence of chromosomal organization as regards, for example, to gene localization, order and orientation. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite an important reduction in its genome size and an apparent decay of its capacity for regulating transcription, this work reveals a significant correlation between mRNA abundances and chromosomal organization of the aphid-symbiont Buchnera . (biomedcentral.com)
This is a perfect illustration of the mutual influence between gene expression levels and chromosomal organization in bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) gene is also located in the region of chromosomal loss associated with WAGR syndrome. (medscape.com)

The results showed that nine ZmCAMTA genes showed highly diversified gene structures and tissue-specific expression patterns. (frontiersin.org)
Pax-6 acts as a critical gene for the development of eyes and other sensory organs, certain neural and epidermal tissues as well as other homologous structures, usually derived from ectodermal tissues. (biolegend.com)
Gene expression is the process of several steps through which the information in a gene's DNA sequence is transferred to the structures and functions of a cell. (lu.se)

AB - Lineage-selective expression of developmental genes is dependent on the interplay between activating and repressive mechanisms. (imperial.ac.uk)
Studies on the developmental onset of the teleost circadian clock have been carried out in zebrafish and, recently, in rainbow trout and Senegalese sole, where rhythms of clock gene expression entrained by light-dark (LD) cycles have been reported from the first days post fertilization. (researchgate.net)
Expression of forC, D, I and J increased during transition to multi-cellular stages, while the rest of genes displayed less marked developmental variations. (biomedcentral.com)

This alters the accessibility of the underlying DNA sequences (genes) to transcription factors and other regulators. (eurostemcell.org)
As a principal investigator, I am leading the Enhancer Biology lab to understand the role of lineage-specific transcription factors and their collaboration with cancer-specific oncogenes in driving tumorigenesis. (helsinki.fi)
In particular, I use defined transcription factors for converting one cell type to another by a method known as transdifferentiation. (helsinki.fi)
The goal is to understand the role of these defined factors in modulating chromatin structure and gene expression during this dynamic process of transdifferentiation. (helsinki.fi)
Currently, my project focuses on understanding the epigenome repogramming during prostate cancer disease progression and role of lineage-specific transcription factors in modulating the 3D-genome architecture. (helsinki.fi)
Transcription factors have an important role in the ability of a cell to self-renew and also differentiate into most cell types, also known as pluripotency 1 . (biolegend.com)
View our full list of available antibodies for transcription factors . (biolegend.com)
STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
Epigentics deals with changes in gene functions from external factors, while transcription is involved with when and how often the gene is transcribed. (naturalnews.com)
This chemical process can be affected by different environmental factors, such as diet, exercise, stress etcetera, that make the gene behave in different ways, and that let the gene be expressed to a greater or lesser degree. (lu.se)

We report evidence from cDNA isolation and expression analysis as well as analyses of genome, expressed sequence tag (EST), cDNA and expression databases for a new gene named SPRN (shadow of prion protein). (nih.gov)
They also found that the amplicons were similar in size distribution to the parent cDNA and showed sequence heterogeneity. (genomicglossaries.com)

Therefore, TNF-α and IL-1 gene expression on the abdominal aorta of obese and DM rats that went through SG procedure were evaluated.METHODS: Fifteen rats were divided into 3 groups: lean-non-DM rats model (C1 group), obese-DM rats model (C2 group), and obese-DM rats model underwent SG (T group). (researchgate.net)

Please note that mappings to Sequence Ontology (SO) are given in brackets () but should not be used as part of the value format. (insdc.org)

The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1(U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1(S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. (cancerindex.org)

Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. (genomicglossaries.com)

More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
Highly specific and effective gene silencing of any disease can be achieved by an accurate knowledge of the target mRNA sequence and rational design of its complementary antisense agents for the downregulation of its protein message. (genomicglossaries.com)

Gat-Viks I, Meller R, Kupiec M, Shamir R: Understanding gene sequence variation in the context of transcription regulation in yeast. (tau.ac.il)

High-sensitive nascent transcript sequencing reveals BRD4-specific control of widespread enhancer and target gene transcription. (mpg.de)

I am involved in the computational analysis of RNA-seq data for gene expression, transcription factor binding, chromatin accessibility and functional enhnacer activity data. (helsinki.fi)
Fourteen loci with known DA-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were sequenced and compared with data from 238 unexposed subjects. (cdc.gov)
By positioning histological sections on arrayed reverse transcription primers with unique positional barcodes, we demonstrate high-quality RNA-sequencing data with maintained two-dimensional positional information from the mouse brain and human breast cancer. (lu.se)

The IMPC applies a panel of phenotyping screens to characterise single-gene knockout mice by comparison to wild types. (mousephenotype.org)
Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
Thalassemia is one of the world's most common single-gene disorders. (medscape.com)

Upon depletion of RBPJ using CRISPR/Cas9, we observed specific upregulation of Notch target gene expression. (mdpi.com)

Resolving the complexity of the human genome using single-molecule sequencing. (nature.com)
A complementary RNA sequence that binds to a naturally occurring (sense) mRNA molecule, thus blocking its translation. (genomicglossaries.com)
During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA is passed to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)
A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the code to construct a protein or RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)

Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)

Anatomy13

Organisms7

Chemicals and Drugs103

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes74

Information Science3

Proteins22

Promoter21

Genetic15

Regulatory13

Genomes6

Polymerase4

High throughput1

Epigenetic5

Transcriptional3

Whole-genome sequences2

Bioinformatics2

Genome-wide2

Protein sequences2

Chromatin immunoprecipitation2

Mutations8

Methylation4

Mammalian3

Regulates2

Function of the genes1

DataSets1

Massively parallel1

Upstream2

Encodes2

Humans4

Regulate gene expression1

Genomics1

Chromosome12

Chromosomes4

Nanopore1

Allele1

Bind7

Genotype1

BZIP3

Cells10

Isoforms1

Identify genes1

Certain genes1

Nucleotides4

Repression1

Proximal1

Human genes1

Specific genes2

Transcriptomic2

Promoters4

Chromosomal4

Structures3

Developmental3

Factors10

CDNA2

Methods1

Ontology1

Regulator1

Mechanisms1

MRNA sequence2

Regulation in yeast1

Reveals1

Data3

Single gene3

Target gene expression1

Molecule4

Endoplasmic reticulum1