• Excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mammalian sensory cortex form interconnected circuits that control cortical stimulus selectivity and sensory acuity. (jneurosci.org)
  • The major sensory modalities in humans are mediated by distinct classes of receptor neurons located in specific sense organs. (mhmedical.com)
  • Transplantation of neural progenitor cells (NPC) is a promising therapeutic strategy for replacing neurons lost after spinal cord injury, but significant challenges remain regarding neuronal integration and functional connectivity. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here we tested the ability of graft-derived neurons to reestablish connectivity by forming neuronal relays between injured dorsal column (DC) sensory axons and the denervated dorsal column nuclei (DCN). (jneurosci.org)
  • However, whereas a direct role for Sox10 activity has been established in pigment and glial lineages, this is more controversial in NC-derived sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). (silverchair.com)
  • We proposed that sox10 functioned in specification of sensory neurons, whereas others suggested that sensory neuronal defects were merely secondary to absence of glia. (silverchair.com)
  • prdm1a Regulates sox10 and islet1 in the development of neural crest and Rohon-Beard sensory neurons. (ucdenver.edu)
  • For circuits of neurons, see neural circuit . (wikipedia.org)
  • In neuroanatomy , a neural pathway is the connection formed by axons that project from neurons to make synapses onto neurons in another location, to enable neurotransmission (the sending of a signal from one region of the nervous system to another). (wikipedia.org)
  • Using multi-electrode recordings in mice, we find that rate and rhythmicity of thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons are predictive of their functional organization in sleep and suggestive of their participation in sensory processing across states. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although mechanisms operating at the level of single sensory neuron types or sensilla in the periphery have also been implicated in this process [ 14 - 21 ], the contributions of sensory neurons to mediating odorant discrimination and olfactory behavioral plasticity are not fully understood. (plos.org)
  • Caenorhabditis elegans senses and navigates its complex chemical environment using a small subset of sensory neurons [ 22 - 24 ]. (plos.org)
  • The valence of individual chemicals is largely determined by the responding sensory neuron type, such that distinct subsets of chemosensory neurons drive either attraction or avoidance to different chemicals [ 25 , 26 ]. (plos.org)
  • In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)
  • Although different neural circuits in various animal groups will use different strategies to solve somewhat varying problems, there will also be many powerful solutions to coding problems that will be used repeatedly across diverse processing stages and animal phyla. (caltech.edu)
  • neural noise within pattern generating circuits is widely assumed to be the primary source of such variability, and statistical models that incorporate neural noise are successful at reproducing the full variation present in natural songs. (zotero.org)
  • This regulation is called "gating" and known to occur at the cortical and subcortical neural circuits. (cinet.jp)
  • My primary interest is to understand how sensorimotor experience in early life influences - for better or worse - the formation and maturation of functional neural circuits in the cerebral cortex. (duke.edu)
  • Here, we provide an alternative explanation for this correlation: common thalamic circuits regulate sensory processing across sleep and attention, and their disruption may lead to correlated dysfunction. (frontiersin.org)
  • As such, we propose that common thalamic circuit principles regulate sensory processing in a state-invariant manner and that in certain disorders, targeting these circuits may be a more viable therapeutic strategy than considering individual states in isolation. (frontiersin.org)
  • These findings support a model in which common thalamic circuits regulate sensory processing across sleep and attention, and suggest that targeting these circuits or their computational principles may be an effective therapeutic strategy in neurodevelopmental disorders. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we examine the neural correlates of the abnormal pitch perturbation response in AD patients, using magnetoencephalographic imaging. (nih.gov)
  • 7th CiNet Monthly Seminar : Kazuhiko SEKI, "Sensory gating during voluntary movement: neural correlates in the cortical and subcortical network. (cinet.jp)
  • HOME News & Events Events archive 7th CiNet Monthly Seminar : Kazuhiko SEKI, "Sensory gating during voluntary movement: neural correlates in the cortical and subcortical network. (cinet.jp)
  • 2. explore sensory physiology at an advanced level from single neuron function to complex neuronal networks in the visual, auditory and somatosensory systems. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Sensitivity to sensory signals depends on neuronal tuning to specific parameters of sensory stimuli, such as orientation of edges for visual stimuli or tone frequency for auditory stimuli. (jneurosci.org)
  • These findings provide the first evidence for the ability of NPC to form a neuronal relay by extending active axons across the injured spinal cord to the intended target establishing a critical step for neural repair with stem cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • 3. gain an understanding of how basic experimental studies and clinical investigations reveal the neuronal mechanisms underlying function of sensory systems in health and disease. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • None of the 1894 pupils had otitis media with effusion or sensory neuronal hearing loss. (who.int)
  • We present here the most comprehensive analysis to date of neuroaesthetic processing by reporting the results of voxel-based meta-analyses of 93 neuroimaging studies of positive-valence aesthetic appraisal across four sensory modalities. (nih.gov)
  • The proposed approach suggest the feasibility to improve people's task performance by the synergistic effects of multiple augmented sensory feedback modalities. (cdc.gov)
  • These results suggest that in both the developing and mature visual cortex, sensory evoked neural activity represents the modulation and triggering of ongoing circuit dynamics by input signals, rather than directly reflecting the structure of the input signal itself. (nature.com)
  • Specialized receptors in each of the sensory systems provide the first neural representation of the external and internal world, transforming a specific type of stimulus energy into electrical signals ( Figure 17-1 ). (mhmedical.com)
  • The organism must perceive that they are the same thing, even though they appear as completely different sensory signals. (bjournal.co)
  • Voluntary movements produce a large amount of sensory signals, which might overwhelm the central nervous system if not properly regulated. (cinet.jp)
  • Hair cells (HCs) in the cochlea mainly function in converting the sound mechanical waves into the electric neural signals [ 2 - 4 ] which make it extremely critical for the hearing ability. (hindawi.com)
  • In this experiment, neural signals from the brains of two rhesus macaques were recorded using arrays of electrodes and translated into movements of a cursor on a computer screen. (elifesciences.org)
  • These findings indicate that the monkeys have likely developed inner beliefs to predict how their neural signals drive the cursor, and that these beliefs helped coordinate their performance. (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition, when the monkeys did make mistakes, their neural signals were not entirely wrong-in fact they were typically consistent with the monkeys' inner beliefs about how the cursor moves. (elifesciences.org)
  • Medications used to prevent and treat motion sickness are thought to work by suppressing the signals that contribute to neural mismatch. (cdc.gov)
  • Neural signals transmitted to the brain for interpretation as sound are diminished or lost. (cdc.gov)
  • These general features can also provide useful insights into neural coding in more complex neural systems, where all the mechanisms described here have been separately observed. (caltech.edu)
  • This work illustrates how these mechanisms can interact to code sensory information and bring about drastic transformations of neural representations, increasing our understanding of how nervous systems can process information. (caltech.edu)
  • In this chapter, we consider the organizational principles and coding mechanisms that are universal to all sensory systems. (mhmedical.com)
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms of invariant object recognition remains one of the major unsolved problems in neuroscience. (zotero.org)
  • The abnormal neural integration mechanisms signify the contribution of cortical network dysfunction to cognitive and behavioral deficits in AD. (nih.gov)
  • 2019). Distinct neural mechanisms underlying conceptual knowledge of manner and instrument verbs. (sc.edu)
  • In this review, we briefly summarize the developmental mechanisms and genetics of neural crest and placodes in both jawed and jawless vertebrates. (frontiersin.org)
  • During vision, it is believed that neural activity in the primary visual cortex is predominantly driven by sensory input from the environment. (nature.com)
  • In visual cortex, stimulation outside the classical receptive field can decrease neural activity and also decrease functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) signal amplitudes. (zotero.org)
  • 2022) Context-dependent reversal of odorant preference is driven by inversion of the response in a single sensory neuron type. (plos.org)
  • Mammalian cortical networks are known to process sensory information utilizing feedforward and feedback connections along the cortical hierarchy as well as intra-areal connections between different cortical layers. (awm-math.org)
  • In this talk, I would like to summarize our research analyzing somatosensory-evoked potential in the multiple cortical areas as well as spinal cord in monkeys performing an instructed delay task, and discuss the precise neural mechanism and the functional relevance of sensory gating. (cinet.jp)
  • 1. introduce the principles and practice of modern methods (primarily neurophysiology, imaging, and computational approaches) for investigating sensory systems (vision, audition and somatosensation). (ncl.ac.uk)
  • and 'Neurophysiology goes wild: from exploring sensory coding in sound proof rooms to natural environments' by Römer (J Comp Physiol A 207, 303-319, 2021) in the Review Article. (lu.se)
  • Neural Comput 35, no. 3 (February 17, 2023): 384-412. (duke.edu)
  • Neuroanatomy, neural processing and integration of sensory information. (lu.se)
  • Pain was not considered to be a specific sensory modality but rather an affliction of the soul. (mhmedical.com)
  • Because the balance system is so complex, it can be impaired by a large number of disease processes affecting any of the multiple sensory inputs, neural processing centers, or motor outputs. (cdc.gov)
  • In recent years, researchers have trained deep neural networks that can analyze millions of inputs (sounds or images) and learn common features that allow them to classify a target word or object with the same accuracy as humans do. (bjournal.co)
  • Accurate integration of sensory inputs and motor commands is essential to achieve successful behavioral goals. (nih.gov)
  • The correspondence between evoked neural activity and the structure of the input signal was weak in young animals, but systematically improved with age. (nature.com)
  • [4] [5] Ascending sensory tracts in the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway (DCML) carry information from the periphery to the cortex of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sensory conflict theory (the most widely accepted explanation for motion sickness) proposes that the condition is caused by conflict between the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems, and involves complex neurophysiologic signaling between multiple nuclear regions, neurotransmitters, and receptors. (cdc.gov)
  • The molecular machinery of sensory receptors. (lu.se)
  • Because our world and our needed responses to it change with time, sensory systems can both preferentially respond and adapt to changing stimuli in the short term, and also learn to modify our responses to stimuli as our needs and circumstances change. (mhmedical.com)
  • Deep neural networks, when generating stimuli similar to a given input, often produce images or sounds that bear no resemblance to the target. (bjournal.co)
  • We analyzed the joint activity patterns of hundreds of grid cells simultaneously recorded in animals that were foraging either in the light, when sensory cues could stabilize the representation, or in darkness, when such stabilization was disrupted. (huji.ac.il)
  • Cutaneous sensory feedback can be used to provide additional sensory cues to a person performing a motor task where vision is a dominant feedback signal. (cdc.gov)
  • The unusual case of a man who regained his sight after 40 years of blindness allows researchers to examine the neural and behavioral effects of losing visual experience on the establishment and maintenance of visual system function in humans. (nature.com)
  • Since ancient times, humans have been fascinated by the nature of sensory experience. (mhmedical.com)
  • The design and function of sensory organs. (lu.se)
  • Genetic hearing loss is a common sensory disorder, and its cause is highly heterogeneous. (hindawi.com)
  • More than 10% of people in the US have some degree of hearing loss that compromises their daily communication, making it the most common sensory disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A transient group of non-sensory cells in the developing cochlea, the hearing chamber of the inner ear, generates auditory activity in the absence of sound, according to a study published this week in Nature . (the-scientist.com)
  • Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by lesions of either the inner ear (sensory) or the auditory (8th) nerve (neural). (msdmanuals.com)
  • SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Excitatory and inhibitory interactions determine stimulus specificity and tuning in sensory cortex, thereby controlling perceptual discrimination acuity. (jneurosci.org)
  • The balance between inhibitory and excitatory stimulus representation in the sensory cortex has been proposed to underlie learning- and adaptation- dependent changes in stimulus-driven responses ( Froemke, 2015 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Figure 2: Time series plots of neural activity recorded under the three interleaved stimulus conditions at three different ages. (nature.com)
  • All sensory information is then transmitted to the central nervous system by trains of action potentials that represent particular aspects of the stimulus. (mhmedical.com)
  • DiMattina C, Zhang K. "Adaptive stimulus optimization for sensory systems neuroscience. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Measuring neural time series data in a sensory deprivation tank" by Jackson Gregory, Tian Lan et al. (chapman.edu)
  • We are interested in studying the neurological and physiological effects of the float pod, also known as REST therapy, or sensory deprivation tank. (chapman.edu)
  • Infomax is an optimization principle for artificial neural networks and other information processing systems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knierim JJ, Zhang K. "Attractor dynamics of spatially correlated neural activity in the limbic system. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • It features biological bases of lateral inhibition models, computational properties of these models that stress their short term adaptive behavior, their relation to recent activity in neural networks and connectionist systems, their use for image processing applications, and their application to motion detection. (mirknig.su)
  • In this review of my laboratory's research, I trace the development of computational models of pursuit eye movements from the early control-theory models to the most recent neural circuit models. (duke.edu)
  • The neural precursor of the tympanal organs in both animals is likely the pleural chordotonal organ of the first abdominal segment. (eurekamag.com)
  • However, it is essential that neural crest and placodes associate together throughout embryonic development to coordinate the emergence of several features in the head, including almost all of the cranial peripheral sensory nervous system and organs of special sense. (frontiersin.org)
  • Neural Comput , 35 (3), 384-412. (duke.edu)
  • Intraspinal grafting of human neural stem cells represents a promising approach to promote recovery of function after spinal trauma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These models are currently considered the leading models of biological sensory systems. (bjournal.co)
  • Infomax, in its zero-noise limit, is related to the principle of redundancy reduction proposed for biological sensory processing by Horace Barlow in 1961, and applied quantitatively to retinal processing by Atick and Redlich. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sensory information is detected and transformed by sensory neural networks before reaching higher levels of processing. (mirknig.su)
  • Neural Network Methods in Natural Language Processing ��������: Neural Network Methods in Natural Language Processing �� : Yoav Goldberg ������������: Morgan & Claypool �� : 2017 ������ : 310. (mirknig.su)
  • Sensation informs and enriches all life, and the fundamentals of sensory processing have been conserved throughout vertebrate evolution. (mhmedical.com)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Toward a Biomimetic Neural Circuit Model of Sensory-Motor Processing. (duke.edu)
  • Neural Information Processing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neural network bases of thematic semantic processing in language production. (sc.edu)
  • This precision is especially impressive in light of sensory feedback delays inherent to neural transmission and processing: when we make a swift arm movement, the brain only knows where the arm was a split second ago, not where it currently is. (elifesciences.org)
  • At all ages including the mature animal, correlations in spontaneous neural firing were only slightly modified by visual stimulation, irrespective of the sensory input. (nature.com)
  • Sensory information is defined as neural activity originating from stimulation of receptor cells in specific parts of the body. (mhmedical.com)
  • It is precisely this increase in neural capacity that makes possible the rich repertoire of behavior associated with functional maturity. (duke.edu)
  • These physicians know been in download neural plasticityin adult somatic sensory for less than 10 songs which shows it Maximum to appear the family polymer of the CO2 Personality. (richmondstudio.com)
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  • Somatic sensory system. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using neural circuit manipulations, we also identify the pathways involved in song patterning choices and show that females are sensitive to song features. (zotero.org)
  • In the hippocampus there are neural pathways involved in its circuitry including the perforant pathway , that provides a connectional route from the entorhinal cortex [2] to all fields of the hippocampal formation , including the dentate gyrus , all CA fields (including CA1), [3] and the subiculum . (wikipedia.org)
  • It increases brain connectivity and facilitates smoother neural transmissions. (thinklouddevelopment.com)
  • The findings offer a new way for researchers to evaluate how well these models mimic the organization of human sensory perception, says Josh McDermott, associate professor of brain and cognitive sciences at MIT and a member of the McGovern Institute for Brain Research and MIT's Center for Brains. (bjournal.co)
  • higher brain functions that build on sensory function, such as visual memory and attention, reading, music perception. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • [1] Shorter neural pathways are found within grey matter in the brain , whereas longer projections, made up of myelinated axons, constitute white matter . (wikipedia.org)
  • To successfully guide limb movements, the brain takes in sensory information about the limb, internally tracks the state of the limb, and produces appropriate motor commands. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we leveraged a brain-machine interface (BMI) paradigm in rhesus monkeys and novel statistical analyses of neural population activity to gain insight into moment-by-moment internal model computations. (elifesciences.org)
  • Taken together, this work provides a framework for understanding how the brain transforms sensory information into instructions for movement. (elifesciences.org)
  • A neural hearing loss is rarely recoverable and may be due to a potentially life-threatening brain tumor-commonly a cerebellopontine angle tumor. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Changes in neural population responses consistently predicted behavioral changes for individuals separately, including improvement and impairment in acuity. (jneurosci.org)
  • This suggests that neural networks cultivate their own distinct "constants," which are starkly different from human perceptual patterns. (bjournal.co)
  • Applied Neural Networks and Soft Computing ��������: Applied Neural Networks and Soft Computing �� : Ivan Stanimirovic ������������: Arcler Press ISBN: 1773613863 �� : 2018 (2019 Edition). (mirknig.su)
  • Even though recent developments in prosthetics have shown that sensory feedback restoration positively influences cognitive aspects (as embodiment of the device and cognitive load), the potential benefits on prosthesis heaviness perception have never been investigated. (nccr-robotics.ch)
  • Intuition, often referred to colloquially as a "sixth sense," was not yet understood to depend upon the experience of the classic sensory systems. (mhmedical.com)
  • A new study delves into the mysterious world of deep neural networks, discovering that while these models can recognize objects similar to human sensory systems, their recognition strategies differ from human perception. (bjournal.co)
  • Human sensory systems are very good at recognizing things we see or words we hear, even if the object is upside down or the word is spoken in a sound we've never heard before. (bjournal.co)
  • Classically, the way we thought about sensory systems is that they build invariants for all the sources of variation that different examples of the same thing can have," Feather says. (bjournal.co)
  • A common solution that is thought to be employed by diverse sensory systems is to create hierarchical representations of increasing complexity and tolerance. (zotero.org)
  • Conceivably, these two sensory systems encode object shape in similar ways, which could facilitate cross-modal communication. (zotero.org)
  • We describe shared and derived patterns of neural crest and placode development in these animals and compare them to well-studied examples from traditional jawed vertebrate model systems. (frontiersin.org)
  • Issa JB, Zhang K. "Universal conditions for exact path integration in neural systems. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The control of balance requires the integration of information from multiple sensory and motor systems by the central nervous system (CNS). (cdc.gov)
  • This raises the possibility that the pattern of this spontaneous activity may shape neural responses during natural viewing conditions to a larger extent than previously thought. (nature.com)
  • The sensory bias model for the evolution of mating preferences states that mating preferences evolve as correlated responses to selection on nonmating behaviors sharing a common sensory system. (bioone.org)
  • sox10 is necessary for development of neural and pigment cell derivatives of the neural crest (NC). (silverchair.com)
  • Neural crest and placodes are key innovations of the vertebrate clade. (frontiersin.org)
  • We then discuss recent studies on the role of neural crest and placodes-and their developmental association-in the head of lamprey embryos, and how comparisons with jawed vertebrates can provide insights into the causes and consequences of this event in early vertebrate evolution. (frontiersin.org)
  • pink) populations in vertebrates, with some neural crest and placode derivatives listed on either side. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most contemporary researchers in the fields of neural crest and placode "evo-devo" have directed their efforts and expertise toward the study of either neural crest or placodes in isolation, the inevitable result of specialization that characterizes modern scientific research. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we review the evolution of the developmental association of neural crest and placodes from the perspective of the jawless (cyclostome or "agnathan") vertebrate lineage. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we aim to measure neural activity using electroencephalography (EEG). (chapman.edu)
  • We then used the internal models to characterize how the neural population activity changes during BMI learning. (elifesciences.org)
  • More broadly, this work provides an approach for interpreting neural population activity in the context of how prior beliefs guide the transformation of sensory input to motor output. (elifesciences.org)
  • Monaco JD, Knierim JJ, Zhang K. "Sensory feedback, error correction, and remapping in a multiple oscillator model of place-cell activity. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • In neonates, this area is a dense neural sheet, but, in children and adults, the respiratory and olfactory tissues interdigitate. (medscape.com)
  • This distinction is important because sensory hearing loss is sometimes reversible and is seldom life threatening. (msdmanuals.com)
  • When sensory input does not align with expected patterns (neural mismatch), patients suffer dizziness and nausea. (cdc.gov)
  • Whereas optogenetic techniques provide exquisite molecular and temporal specificity for testing the function of specific cell types in sensory acuity, they currently carry inherent and technical limitations that can lead to different levels of opsin expression and activation or suppression strength across individual animals. (jneurosci.org)
  • Author SummaryA key question in visual neuroscience is how neural representations achieve invariance against appearance changes of objects. (zotero.org)
  • In direct contrast, here we demonstrate that much of the pattern variability in Drosophila courtship song can be explained by taking into account the dynamic sensory experience of the male. (zotero.org)
  • The CNS integrates all this data, determines the body's spatial orientation, and sends appropriate neural messages to the motor system to activate movements that will maintain equilibrium. (cdc.gov)
  • Vulnerable sensory cells and nerve fibers In the cochlea are slowly damaged and destroyed. (cdc.gov)
  • [ citation needed ] Note that the "old" name was primarily descriptive, evoking the pyramids of antiquity, from the appearance of this neural pathway in the medulla oblongata . (wikipedia.org)
  • Neural Networks and Deep Learning: A Textbook ��������: Neural Networks and Deep Learning: A Textbook �� : Charu C. Aggarwal ������������: Springer �� : 2018 ������ : 497 ������: PDF, EPUB. (mirknig.su)
  • Peri-acute intraspinal grafting of HSSC can represent an effective therapy which ameliorates motor and sensory deficits after traumatic spinal cord injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, I explain why research on nonhuman primates is so critical to the development of the neural circuit models I think we need. (duke.edu)
  • Here we characterized the effect of intraspinal grafting of clinical grade human fetal spinal cord-derived neural stem cells (HSSC) on the recovery of neurological function in a rat model of acute lumbar (L3) compression injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The researchers wondered whether deep neural networks trained to perform classification tasks might evolve similar invariants. (bjournal.co)
  • A neural pathway connects one part of the nervous system to another using bundles of axons called tracts. (wikipedia.org)
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  • Here we provide evidence that in zebrafish,early DRG sensory neuron survival is independent of differentiated glia. (silverchair.com)
  • Neural Networks With Sas Enterprise Miner ��������: Neural Networks With Sas Enterprise Miner �� : Scientific Books ������������: CreateSpace �� : 2016 ������ : 252 ������: PDF, EPUB, AZW3. (mirknig.su)