• We studied how co-occurring sounds modulate behavioral visual detection sensitivity (d'), and neural responses, for visual stimuli of higher or lower intensity. (nih.gov)
  • Our results indicate that multisensory enhancement of detection sensitivity for low-contrast visual stimuli by co-occurring sounds reflects a brain network involving not only established multisensory STS and sensory-specific cortex but also visual and auditory thalamus. (nih.gov)
  • Weber was able to define absolute and difference threshold statistically, which led to the establishment of Weber's Law and the concept of just noticeable difference to describe threshold perception of stimuli. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are three common methods used to determine sensory thresholds: Method of Limits: In the first step, the subject is stimulated by strong, easily detectable stimuli that are decreased stepwise (descending sequence) until they cannot detect the stimulus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intensities involve stimuli which are surely subthreshold and stimuli which are surely supra-threshold. (wikipedia.org)
  • The latter is manifested in hypersensitivity to visual stimuli, measured with questionnaires and sensory thresholds, as well as in abnormal cortical excitability and a lack of habituation, assessed with visual evoked potentials elicited by pattern-reversal stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the third aim, we will measure responses from gustatory nerves and assess behavioral thresholds for acid detection in wildtype and Otop1 KO mice to determine the extent to which Otop1 mediates responses to sour taste stimuli in vivo. (hhs.gov)
  • Individual sensory neurons can be tuned to many stimuli, each driving unique, stimulus-relevant behaviors, and the ability of multimodal nociceptor neurons to discriminate between potentially harmful and innocuous stimuli is broadly important for organismal survival. (elifesciences.org)
  • We tested 100 healthy participants' thermal sensitivity on the dorsum of their feet by measuring detection and pain thresholds to cold and warm stimuli and PHS. (au.dk)
  • The most widely used QST type in manual therapy research is pressure pain threshold (PPT, which is the detection threshold for deep pain from pressure), though temporal summation (the change in subjective pain intensity during repeated nociceptive stimuli, typically using heat or pinprick), thermal pain detection thresholds, and others, are also used. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In SR, noise enhances detection of sub-threshold stimuli and the phenomenon is explained stating that the required amplitude to exceed the sensory threshold barrier can be reached by adding noise to a sub-threshold stimulus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If the observer's sensorial system is not activated by stimuli below the threshold, then a second choice could not be above the chance level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The tasks that subjects perform in psychophysical experiments typically require to report whether a target is present or absent in a stimulus (detection task), or whether two stimuli presented during the trial are the same or different (discrimination task). (bestpfe.com)
  • No association was observed between VDT and quantitative sensory testing. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Of the patients, 22 (81%) were diagnosed with small-fiber dysfunction by quantitative sensory testing (QST), which assesses thresholds of temperature detection. (medscape.com)
  • Quantitative sensory testing, including mechanical detection threshold (MDT), allodynia, vibration perception threshold, and pressure pain threshold (PPT), was assessed in 16 individuals (mean age, 52±7 y) with knee OA and in 16 age-matched and sex-matched controls. (lww.com)
  • A total of 101 diabetic patients and 17 age-matched control subjects underwent neurological evaluation, neurophysiology tests, quantitative sensory testing, and evaluation of corneal sensation and corneal nerve morphology using corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Quantitative sensory testing (QST) findings from BMS type 1 patients are inconsistent as they fail to capture this temporal variation. (frontiersin.org)
  • PHS was measured using the thermal sensory limen (TSL) procedure from the quantitative sensory testing protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain and by using a modified TSL protocol (mTSL). (au.dk)
  • This systematic critical review with meta-analysis investigated changes in quantitative sensory testing measures following high-velocity low-amplitude spinal manipulative therapy in musculoskeletal pain populations, in randomised controlled trials. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our objectives were to compare changes in quantitative sensory testing outcomes after spinal manipulative therapy vs. sham, control and active interventions, to estimate the magnitude of change over time, and to determine whether changes are systemic or not. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There were too few studies comparing to other interventions or for other types of quantitative sensory testing to make robust conclusions about these. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Future research should focus on the clinical relevance of MIH, and different types of quantitative sensory tests. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Experimental pain research commonly involves quantitative sensory testing (QST). (biomedcentral.com)
  • NBD and NFL demonstrated a significant and progressive reduction with worsening heat pain thresholds ( P = 0.01). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • QST of the face and forearm included warmth detection threshold (WDT), cold detection threshold (CDT), and heat pain thresholds (HPT), ratings of suprathreshold heat, and pressure pain thresholds (PPT), and was performed twice: once in the morning and once in the afternoon. (frontiersin.org)
  • We hypothesized that, to support flexible behavioral responses to any pattern of sensory stimulation across the hand, sensory inputs from neighboring and non-neighboring fingers need to be integrated in a nonlinear fashion. (jneurosci.org)
  • This nonlinear code provides the neural substrate necessary to detect any specific pattern of stimulation across the hand and forms the basis for learning flexible mappings between sensory inputs and motor responses of the hand. (jneurosci.org)
  • Sensation is the body's detection of external and internal stimulation. (speedyprep.com)
  • EACP, using the Yintang, ST4 and ST5 acupoints, induced an increased in the nociceptive threshold and this effect persisted for up to 2 h, even after the removal of electric stimulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • 7. Lunderbeg T. Peripheral effects of sensory nerve stimulation (acupuncture) in inflammation and ischemia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Defining and measuring sensory thresholds requires setting the sensitivity limit such that the perception observations lead to the absolute threshold. (wikipedia.org)
  • Loss or distortions of sensory perception can be important signs of depressive disorders. (nature.com)
  • Finally, a relation between the instrumental value of consistency obtained using lubricated squeezing flow and sensory perception was estimated. (umass.edu)
  • Potential differences in chlorine perception were investigated by conducting sensory testing experiments in France and Spain to assess consumers' sensory sensitivity (chlorine flavor detection threshold and supra-threshold intensity) as well as their liking of and acceptability for chlorinated solutions. (environmental-expert.com)
  • 0.001), and vibration perception threshold was increased ( P =0.02) at the medial knee, indicating hypoesthesia. (lww.com)
  • Sensory sensitivity was assessed with the Sensory Perception Quotient and group comparisons were carried out. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In both experiments, patients reported increased visual hypersensitivity on the Sensory Perception Quotient as compared to controls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the questionnaires used to assess sensory sensitivity is the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ), which evaluates a variety of visual parameters and has been used in both healthy and clinical populations [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • So, this manuscript proposes to summarize the results coming from a project began in 2012 aimed at evaluating the impact of climatic change in connection with the maturation of the grapes, on varietal aroma compounds and the sensory perception of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon musts and wines. (infowine.com)
  • "The observed maximum concentrations of 14 to 57 micrograms (μg) per litre were about 70- to 350-fold below the taste perception threshold of an adult," ​says Corinna Dawid, Professor of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science at TUM. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Therefore, if detection exists below the classical threshold level, then the model to explain the SR phenomenon or any other tactile perception phenomena based on the psychophysical classical threshold is not valid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In both modes, the way in which probability of a correct response changes with intensity of stimulus, i.e. the slope of the dose/response curve, could be an important aspect of the study as well as the threshold value, and the data processing procedures described here provide this information. (iso.org)
  • the processing of the data to estimate the value of a threshold and its error bounds, and other statistics related to the detection of the stimulus. (iso.org)
  • In psychophysics, sensory threshold is the weakest stimulus that an organism can sense. (wikipedia.org)
  • Absolute threshold: the lowest level at which a stimulus can be detected. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recognition threshold: the level at which a stimulus can not only be detected but also recognized. (wikipedia.org)
  • Differential threshold: the level at which an increase in a detected stimulus can be perceived. (wikipedia.org)
  • Terminal threshold: the level beyond which any increase to a stimulus no longer changes the perceived intensity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The strength of the stimulus, perceived in more than half of the presentations, will be taken as the threshold. (wikipedia.org)
  • Psychophysical technique that permits the estimation of the bias of the observer as well as detectability of the signal (i.e., stimulus) in any sensory modality. (jefferson.edu)
  • Additionally, for low stimulus amplitudes, second choice correct detection is above chance level for any detectability level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The threshold is defined in classical terms as the minimal quantity of the stimulus that a subject is able to detect [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In all these tasks, the salience of sensory information (either, indicating the presence of the target, the presence of a change, or one of the stimulus categories) may be varied by the experimenter, and the probability that a subject answers correctly will depend on this salience. (bestpfe.com)
  • fundamentally, the procedures measure a difference threshold because a test sample is compared with a reference sample. (iso.org)
  • Sensory neurons begin frequent discharging at a lower threshold and larger magnitude through peripheral sensitization if the effects of gravity strain are beyond the safe range for body integrity. (news-medical.net)
  • Specifically, once olfactory information emerges via first-order sensory neurons at the nasal mucosa proximal to the olfactory bulb (OB), it is conveyed to the anterior olfactory nucleus, piriform cortex, and amygdala, which together constitute the primary olfactory cortex. (nature.com)
  • CIII neurons function via a high-low threshold detection system, whereby high levels of CIII activation (and strong Ca 2+ transients) are associated with CT, and low levels of activation (and relatively modest Ca 2+ transients) with touch behaviors. (elifesciences.org)
  • Furthermore, action potential recordings do not provide information about subthreshold cellular and field potential activity or the activity of smaller neurons that may be coincident with sensory information processing. (jneurosci.org)
  • Researchers conducted a study to determine whether there is an association between vibration detection thresholds and sensory responses in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • We suggest that this nonlinear finger integration allows for a highly flexible mapping from finger sensory inputs to motor responses that facilitates dexterous object manipulation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Our results suggest that S1 and M1 provide the neural substrate necessary to support a flexible mapping from sensory inputs to motor responses of the hand. (jneurosci.org)
  • In the second aim, we will measure cellular responses to acids in wildtype and Otop1 KO mice in order to determine the degree to which Otop1 contributes to sensory responses, ex vivo. (hhs.gov)
  • We conducted a decision science study using a signal detection theory-informed approach to analyze physician responses to a web-based survey of 30 clinical vignettes of trauma cases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used signal detection theory to analyze emergency physician responses to a case vignette-based questionnaire. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For instance, in the case of a task with two possible responses, chance performance is at 50%-correct and the threshold may be chosen as corresponding to 75%-correct or nearby, possibly depending on the estimation method, as will be discussed later (2.1.1). (bestpfe.com)
  • Dr. Marasco is a neuroscientist (sensory neurophysiology) who focuses on applied cognitive/perceptual systems integration within a biomedical engineering context. (ccf.org)
  • Using trauma triage guidelines as our reference standard, we estimated physicians' perceptual sensitivity (ability to discriminate between patients who did and did not meet guidelines for transfer) and decisional threshold (tolerance for false positive or false negative decisions). (biomedcentral.com)
  • There was significant between-physician variability in perceptual sensitivity and decisional thresholds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • No physician demographic characteristics correlated with perceptual sensitivity, but men and physicians working at non-trauma centers without a trauma-center affiliation had higher decisional thresholds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on cognitive theory for discrimination tasks, inappropriate disposition decisions (transfer/not transfer) may result from perceptual sensitivity (the ability to discriminate between patients who do and do not meet clinical practice guidelines for transfer) and/or decisional thresholds (the tendency to err on the side of false positive or false negative decisions) [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The objective of this study was to assess whether decision making in trauma triage primarily reflected physicians' perceptual sensitivity or their decisional thresholds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) linked this to boosts in activity-levels for sensory-specific visual and auditory cortex, plus multisensory superior temporal sulcus (STS), specifically for a lower-intensity visual event when paired with a sound. (nih.gov)
  • For an auditory detection task, for instance, salience depends, among other things, on the loudness of the target. (bestpfe.com)
  • Combining information across modalities can affect sensory performance. (nih.gov)
  • As the measurements come closer to the absolute threshold, the variability of the noise increases, causing the threshold to be obscured. (wikipedia.org)
  • A universal absolute threshold is difficult to define a standard because of the variability of the measurements. (wikipedia.org)
  • and interindividual variability in tolerance, detection and suscep- tibility with respect to setting an OEL are discussed in relation to three chemosensory models. (cdc.gov)
  • Effective-connectivity analyses showed enhanced coupling of sensory-specific thalamic bodies with the affected cortical sites during enhanced detection of lower-intensity visual events paired with sounds. (nih.gov)
  • Here, the goal was to determine whether factors such as age and/or disease severity may exert a modulatory influence on sensory sensitivity, cortical excitability, and habituation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Child's taste sensitivity was assessed using Short Sensory Profile questionnaire. (aston.ac.uk)
  • The odor threshold values (i.e., detection and recognition values) were determined for all compounds in the matrix apple juice. (nih.gov)
  • Odor threshold values for fenchyl alcohol are reported here for the first time. (nih.gov)
  • For example, experience has shown that chemicals with a low odor threshold often require low OELs even though many are not toxic or do not cause irritation at those air concentrations. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be more hypoalgesic to bone pressure pain detection thresholds (pPDT) and pressure pain tolerance thresholds (pPTT), regardless of lower vibration detection thresholds (VDT), according to results of a study recently published in Frontiers in Pain Research . (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • In general, head vibrations induced by threshold-level sound pressure were equal to or greater than those induced by threshold-level vibrations, and therefore sound-pressure sensitivity can be explained by sound-induced head vibration. (biologists.com)
  • In addition, the mechanical-detection thresholds (MDT), vibration-detection thresholds (VDT), and pressure-pain thresholds (PPT) were determined at pain-related and control areas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A method to evaluate sensory and motor function related to carpal tunnel syndrome was investigated. (cdc.gov)
  • In order to understand sensory irritation from low-level exposure to VOCs we have to take both individual- and environmental factors into account. (bmj.com)
  • After 120 min, EACP was withdrawn and the nociceptive threshold was measured every 10 min until the initial nociceptive threshold was achieved. (bvsalud.org)
  • These novel findings add knowledge to sensory symptoms of PPD. (nature.com)
  • Our findings allow us to build prosthetic devices with sensory integration, giving amputees a sense of touch through their prosthetic limb. (ccf.org)
  • We discussed these findings in relation to thermal sensory mechanisms and possible PHS mechanisms. (au.dk)
  • These findings strongly support the view that signatures of tactile detection are present in human SI and are mediated by local neural dynamics induced by lamina-specific synaptic drive. (jneurosci.org)
  • Evaluation of sensory function, measuring tactile discrimination. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Previous reports conflict as to the role of primary somatosensory neocortex (SI) in tactile detection. (jneurosci.org)
  • Stoerig, 2006 ), and previous reports conflict as to the presence of neural correlates of tactile detection in primate primary somatosensory cortex (SI). (jneurosci.org)
  • Furthermore, monkeys can relearn a tactile detection task after comprehensive SI lesions ( LaMotte and Mountcastle, 1975 , 1979 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Nevertheless, our experimental results are above that chance level contradicting the definition of the classical tactile threshold. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conclude that a more suitable model of the tactile sensory system is needed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Measurable and significantly greater improvement was observed when the surgical-treatment group was compared with the non-surgical-treatment group in terms of these two sensory and psychomotor functional testing outcomes at six weeks. (cdc.gov)
  • Visual psychophysics" is the psychological science that underlies visibility and all other sensory judgments. (lawyersandjudges.com)
  • Signal Detection, Psychological" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Signal Detection, Psychological" by people in this website by year, and whether "Signal Detection, Psychological" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Signal Detection, Psychological" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)
  • One example is the reactive compound acrolein that induced sensory irritation in a time-dependent manner at a concentration below previously reported detection levels and at half the Swedish occupational threshold limit. (bmj.com)
  • Factors related to the individual such as CI, stress or inflammation are also of importance for reports of sensory irritation due to low level chemical exposures. (bmj.com)
  • Of centrations is difficult for odors and sensory irritants the 600 substances for which an OEL has already because some chemicals have odors that warn of been established, 66% are sensory irritants (Kurtz, their presence before irritation is produced. (cdc.gov)
  • Sensory irritation by airborne chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • 0.01, 95% CI 1.27 - 1.63), indicating that participants had a conservative threshold for transfer, erring on the side of not transferring patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Signs or symptoms of neuropathy were present in almost 60%, including sensory neuropathy symptoms reported by 9 patients, pain in 3, and carpal-tunnel symptoms in 5. (medscape.com)
  • Sensory symptoms of PPD are understudied, particularly with regard to the sense of olfaction. (nature.com)
  • The objective of the study was to characterize sensory and decisional determinants of emergency physician trauma triage decision-making. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Quantification of trace volatile sulfur compounds in milk by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-pulsed flame photometric detection. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In this study, reactive thiols were stabilized and the volatile sulfur compounds in milk were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography and pulsed-flame photometric detection. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques, utilizing solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers for phenol extraction, offer sensitive detection for such phenols but run times are in the order of 30-60 min per sample (2,3). (chromatographyonline.com)
  • 1993. Determination of acrolein in urine by liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection of its quinoline derivative. (cdc.gov)
  • In summary, BMS type I patients had increased pain sensitivity on the forearm, but no differences in pain thresholds on the face or forearm. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thirteen measured pressure pain threshold, and four of these were sham-controlled. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Change in pressure pain threshold after spinal manipulative therapy compared to sham revealed no significant difference. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pressure pain threshold increased significantly over time after spinal manipulative therapy (0.32 kg/cm 2 , CI 0.22-0.42), which occurred systemically. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that systemic MIH (for pressure pain threshold) does occur in musculoskeletal pain populations, though there was low quality evidence of no significant difference compared to sham manipulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clinically, there is poor correlation between pain detection thresholds and subjective pain outcomes (pain intensity and disability), but fair correlations with subjective pain outcomes for pain tolerance thresholds and temporal summation evoked by heat [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sensory mechanical thresholds and the participants' self-reported outcome measures of pain and quality of life were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was established that squeezing flow is more sensitive to textural changes sensory evaluation and that the methodology was appropriate to determine thresholds for sensory detection. (umass.edu)
  • However, its concentration was assumed to be too low for conscious detection by the baby, and it could contribute to a sensory desensitisation toward pungency in later life. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Peripheral neuropathy is one of many complications of type 1 diabetes, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, but it remains unknown how hyperglycemia causes damage to the nervous system or whether there is a definitive threshold of glycemic exposure needed for it to develop. (medscape.com)
  • G-force resistance governs the ability of the GI tract to resist gravity, detection defines the ability of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to detect gravity strain on somatic and visceral structures, and vigilance determines the readiness of the central nervous system (CNS) to predict and prevent dangerous g-force events. (news-medical.net)
  • Dr. Marasco and his team study the sensory nervous system and develop intuitive touch and movement feedback for artificial limbs. (ccf.org)
  • In our research, we study the sensory nervous system with a focus on the mechanics of brain organization and neuroplasticity. (ccf.org)
  • Crocodilians are endowed with thousands of small sensory organs that densely cover the jaws and areas near the teeth. (grassfoundation.org)
  • These organs or dome pressure receptors (DPRs) are innervated by afferents of the trigeminal nerve and facilitate the detection of low threshold mechanical force. (grassfoundation.org)
  • Signal detection theory, a basic decision science method, allows the measurement of these two dimensions of decision making by parsing performance into sensory and decisional components [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Signal detection theory (SDT) emerged as an alternative framework to solve the shortcomings associated with classical threshold theory [ 19 - 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On a case vignette-based questionnaire, both sensory and decisional elements in emergency physicians' cognitive processes contributed to the under-triage of trauma patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Co-occurrence of a sound enhanced human detection sensitivity for lower- but not higher-intensity visual targets. (nih.gov)
  • These results highlight the need to include some of the key volatile compounds into a more adapted quality control, in order to describe the characteristic sensory properties of Tahitian vanilla but also those from other origins. (intechopen.com)
  • After 40 years of living with type 1 diabetes, nearly all patients have small-fiber sensory neuropathy and a majority also has large-fiber nerve dysfunction, a small prospective study has found. (medscape.com)
  • A study by Light and colleagues found that patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis) have an increased expression of sensory, adrenergic, and immune genes during moderate exercise. (medscape.com)
  • Nevertheless, it is conceivable that regular, low-threshold activation of the "pungent receptor" TRPV1 could help to increase tolerance for such substances later on. (nutraingredients.com)
  • The assessments include two olfactory testing sessions conducted 4-weeks apart, each comprising a standard odour detection threshold test (i.e. (nature.com)
  • They do not address the standardization of methods of determining air quality as discussed in EN 13725. (iso.org)
  • Methods have been developed to measure thresholds in any of the senses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chapter 4 reviews the physical calculations needed to determine contrast, while Chapter 5 outlines the methods for calculating contrast threshold. (lawyersandjudges.com)
  • Another flavour threshold identification test detected differences among age groups (by age are values increased). (nel.edu)
  • RESULTS: The average gap-detection threshold for the index finger in the surgical-treatment group demonstrated a 43% improvement, decreasing from 0.14 mm preoperatively to 0.08 mm at six weeks postoperatively (p (cdc.gov)
  • During certification process of sensory assessors of Slovak certification body we obtained results for basic taste thresholds and lifestyle habits. (nel.edu)
  • In a significant number of publications the classical threshold concept plays a central role in modelling and explaining psychophysical experimental results such as in stochastic resonance (SR) phenomena. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results show an average of 67.35% (STD = 1.41%) for the second choice response that is not explained by the classical threshold definition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The very first test proven pronounced results in sensory notion pertaining to 1Hz rTMS on the side to side cerebellum. (micrornainhibitor.com)
  • Previous studies exploring whether sensory processing is altered in migraine have focused on different processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The bodies of the cochlear sensory cells resting on the basilar membrane are surrounded by nerve terminals, and their approximately 30,000 axons form the cochlear nerve. (cloudaccess.net)
  • For the creation of the series, the approximate threshold judged by a simpler method (i.e.: by the method of limits). (wikipedia.org)
  • The obtained values were set in relation to the limits of detection and quantification of a previously published GC-MS method. (nih.gov)
  • Flavour and identification threshold detection overview of Slovak adepts for certified testing. (nel.edu)
  • Vietoris V, Barborova P, Jancovicova J, Eliasova L, Karvaj M. Flavour and identification threshold detection overview of Slovak adepts for certified testing. (nel.edu)
  • However, concentrations are below the human taste threshold. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Therefore, it appears plausible that frequent exposure to piperine through human milk containing sub-taste-threshold concentrations could contribute to an increased tolerance at a later age. (nutraingredients.com)
  • The recommendations relate to the prevention, detection, and treatment of the major complications of diabetes. (cdc.gov)