• Using embryonic chicken sensory neurons, we report that glycolytic enzymes are found through the axon and the growth cone. (jneurosci.org)
  • Primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) regenerate their spinal cord axon if the peripheral nerve axon has previously been cut. (nih.gov)
  • This conditioning lesion confers axon growth competence to the neurons. (nih.gov)
  • We found that electrical activity strongly inhibited axon outgrowth in cultured adult sensory neurons. (nih.gov)
  • Genetic ablation of Ca(v)1.2 in the nervous system caused an increase in axon outgrowth from dissociated DRG neurons and enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • Sciatic nerve transection, early after birth, results in significant degeneration of spinal motoneurons as well as sensory neurons present in the dorsal root ganglia. (hindawi.com)
  • We reconstructed individual layer (L) 2/3 pyramidal neurons filled in vivo in developing barrel cortex of control and partially sensory-deprived rats. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Specifically, the immune response affects a particular part of peripheral nerves called axons, which are the extensions of nerve cells (neurons) that transmit nerve impulses. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In AMAN, only the axons of motor neurons are damaged. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In AMSAN, the axons of sensory neurons are also damaged. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles, and glands. (artandpopularculture.com)
  • In certain sensory neurons ( pseudounipolar neurons ), such as those for touch and warmth, the axons are called afferent nerve fibers and the electrical impulse travels along these from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. (artandpopularculture.com)
  • Axon dysfunction has caused many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons. (artandpopularculture.com)
  • Besides the axon, neurons have other branches called dendrites that are usually shorter than axons and are unmyelinated. (britannica.com)
  • They are made up of nerve fibres called axons, which conduct electrical impulses between neurons. (medindia.net)
  • Neurons are composed of three main parts: dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. (khanacademy.org)
  • Signals are received through the dendrites, travel to the cell body, and continue down the axon until they reach the synapse (the communication point between two neurons). (khanacademy.org)
  • Axons, the elongated projections of neurons, play a crucial role in establishing these connections by navigating through complex environments to reach their target cells. (imsaethics.org)
  • 5. Synaptic Specificity: Once axons reach their target cells, they establish synapses, specialized structures that allow for communication between neurons. (imsaethics.org)
  • Are Sensory Neurons in the Cortex Committed to Original Trigger Features? (intechopen.com)
  • In the lab, Cavalli cultured neurons in a plastic dish and used a zero oxygen environment to measure the regrowth of nerve axons, the branches of nerve cells that transmit nerve signals. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • What they found was that the "stressed out" neurons responded by growing the nerve axons that connect to the muscle (motor neurons) as well as those that connect to the skin (sensory neurons) much better than those that were not "stressed out" with low oxygen. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • To study how peripheral neurons regrow axons - the branches of nerve cells that transmit nerve signals - researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis grow them in a dish, cut them (as shown) and observe how they regrow. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • What we hope, and this is part of our future studies, is that the hypoxia regimen also could wake up the damaged neurons in the spinal cord to start regrowing their axons," she said. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • G ) Examples of bilaterally symmetric pairs of sensory neurons that innervate different regions of the neurosecretory plexus in the reconstructed ANS (grey), ventral view. (elifesciences.org)
  • J ) ssTEM reconstruction of the 3-day-old larval ANS showing neurons that could be assigned specific proneuropeptide expression based on position and sensory cilia morphology. (elifesciences.org)
  • Bilaterally symmetric pairs and single asymmetric sensory neurons are shown in anterior view. (elifesciences.org)
  • They also determined the number of axons in the neurons, which contribute to sensory perception and movement. (advisory.com)
  • Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection of the olfactory epithelium leads to inflammation, which in turn, damages the neurons, reduces the numbers of axons available to send signals to the brain, and results in the olfactory bulb becoming dysfunctional,' Ho said. (advisory.com)
  • Adaptation of sensory neurons to hyalectin and decorin proteoglycans. (assumption.edu)
  • The axons of the lower motor neurons are the efferent fibers of the spinal nerves. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The gray matter also contains many internuncial neurons that carry motor, sensory, or reflex impulses from dorsal to ventral nerve roots, from one side of the cord to the other, or from one level of the cord to another. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These data indicate that the glycolytic pathway is operative in distal axons and contributes to the rate of axon extension and growth cone dynamics in the presence of NGF and that, in the absence of NGF, the axonal glycolytic pathway is required for axon maintenance. (jneurosci.org)
  • Though axons have previously been considered simple conducting cables, spontaneous afferent signals develop from some neuromas that form at severed nerve tips, indicating intrinsic changes in sensory axonal excitability may contribute to this intractable pain. (tmc.edu)
  • Here we show that nerve transection, exposure to serotonin, and transient depolarization induce long-lasting sensory axonal hyperexcitability that is localized to the treated nerve segment and requires local translation of new proteins. (tmc.edu)
  • Thus, we find a specific epigenetic mechanism that regulates axonal regeneration of CNS axons, suggesting novel targets for clinical application. (nature.com)
  • The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurone system has a central as well as a peripheral axonal branch departing from a single cell body. (nature.com)
  • Finally, we established that PCAF is required for regeneration following a conditioning lesion and PCAF overexpression promotes axonal regeneration similar to that of a conditioning lesion after CNS injury in spinal ascending sensory fibres. (nature.com)
  • Whisker trimming over approximately 2 weeks markedly reduced overall length of axonal branches in L2/3, but individual horizontal axons were as likely to innervate deprived areas as spared ones. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, sensory experience over relatively short timescales may change the patterning of specific axonal branches within as well as between cortical columns during development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this paper, we examine Neu3 sialidase action on axonal gangliosides and resultant axon regeneration, and we assess whether these mechanisms help to explain the different regeneration capacities of CNS and PNS axons. (jneurosci.org)
  • In two other types of Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), the axons themselves are damaged by the immune response. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the late 1960s, neurophysiologic testing allowed the classification of CMT into 2 groups, one with slow nerve conduction velocities and histologic features of a hypertrophic demyelinating neuropathy (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 1 or CMT1) and another with relatively normal velocities and axonal and neuronal degeneration (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 2 or CMT2). (medscape.com)
  • The thalamocortical projection is one of the significant evolutionary developments of the forebrain, comprising bundles of axonal connections linking two key centres, the thalamus, which relays external sensory information, and the cerebral cortex, the most highly developed region comprising the so-called grey matter. (medindia.net)
  • Collectively, these observations suggest that guidance cues cause axon retraction through the coordinated activation of myosin II and the formation of intra-axonal F-actin bundles for myosin-II-based force generation. (biologists.com)
  • Axon retraction induced by guidance cues is of fundamental importance during refinement of axonal projections (reviewed in Luo and O'Leary, 2005 ). (biologists.com)
  • Pharmacological inhibition of the necroptotic kinase RIPK1 using necrostatin-1 strongly delayed axonal degeneration in the peripheral nervous system and CNS of wild-type mice of either sex and protected in vitro sensory axons from degeneration after mechanical and toxic insults. (lu.se)
  • We first verified that firing in sensory fibers, as recorded from dorsal roots in vivo, declined after peripheral lesioning but was not altered after central lesioning. (nih.gov)
  • These groups include both sensory fibers and motor fibers. (artandpopularculture.com)
  • Another classification groups only the sensory fibers as Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV. (artandpopularculture.com)
  • Describe the variety of afferent fibers (axons) used by the subsystems. (powershow.com)
  • This white colored brain tissue acts as an insulator to protect nerve fibers called axons. (cookchildrens.org)
  • Loss of sensory fibers leads to loss of feeling. (cdc.gov)
  • The white matter at the cord's periphery contains ascending and descending tracts of myelinated sensory and motor nerve fibers. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The posterior (dorsal) horns contain sensory fibers that originate in cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It contains motor and sensory fibers and, because it passes through the neck and thorax to the abdomen, has the widest distribution in the body. (medscape.com)
  • The pharyngeal branches arise from the inferior ganglion and contain sensory and motor fibers. (medscape.com)
  • The suprascapular nerve contributes sensory fibers to the shoulder joint and provides motor innervation to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. (medscape.com)
  • They send their axons either directly to ANTERIOR HORN CELLS or to the WHITE MATTER ascending and descending longitudinal fibers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interestingly, the lack of regeneration of injured ascending sensory fibres in the spinal cord can be partially enhanced by an injury to the peripheral branch (conditioning lesion) of DRG neurones 7 . (nature.com)
  • Overall, the present data suggest that acute repair of neonatal peripheral nerves with fibrin sealant results in neuroprotection and regeneration of motor and sensory axons. (hindawi.com)
  • We show that activation of Neu3 sialidase, also known as Neuraminidase-3, causing conversion of GD1a and GT1b to GM1 ganglioside, is an essential step in regeneration occurring in PNS (sensory) but not CNS (retinal) axons in adult rat. (jneurosci.org)
  • Externally applied sialidase converted GD1a ganglioside to GM1 and rescued axon regeneration in CNS axons and in PNS axons after Neu3 sialidase blockade. (jneurosci.org)
  • Regeneration of Corticospinal Axons into Neural Progenitor Cell Grafts After Spinal Cord Injury. (ccf.org)
  • Sensory experience alters specific branches of individual corticocortical axons during development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The many sensory nerves that bring sensation from the skin and internal organs merge together to form the sensory branches of the cranial and spinal nerves. (healthline.com)
  • The total length of one of these axons, with all its branches, was several times longer than the body of a mouse. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • That is why we can't read Braille using the skin on our backs: the multiple bumps that make up a Braille symbol are within such a small area that the axon branches can't distinguish them. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Regenerating axons sprout more terminal branches than normal, but eventually branches are lost. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusions The lateral arcading branches of the DNP provide a sensory pathway on the ventral and lateral penile shaft, and the termination of the fibres at the corpus spongiosum is consistent with pudendal innervation of the penile urethra. (cirp.org)
  • Experiments in which the spatial relationship between the spinal cord and the limb are altered prior to axon outgrowth in the chick embryo suggest that there is a topographic projection from cord to limb. (biologists.com)
  • Title : Network Structure Implied by Initial Axon Outgrowth in Rodent Cortex: Empirical Measurement and Models Personal Author(s) : Cahalane, Diarmuid J.;Clancy, Barbara;Kingsbury, Marcy A.;Graf, Ethan;Sporns, Olaf;Finlay, Barbara L. (cdc.gov)
  • The results have implications for the understanding of the bioenergetics of axon morphogenesis and plasticity and indicate that NGF has protective effects on sensory axon maintenance in hypoglycemic states. (jneurosci.org)
  • Long-lasting functional plasticity may be a general property of axons, since both injured and transiently depolarized motor axons display LTH as well. (tmc.edu)
  • Sensory cortices are inherently dynamic and exhibit plasticity in response to a variety of stimuli. (intechopen.com)
  • In addition, it has also been proved that drugs too can be used as a model to explore potential plasticity in sensory systems. (intechopen.com)
  • SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Elucidation of the sources of ATP required for axon extension and maintenance has implications for understanding the mechanism of neuronal development and diseases of the nervous system. (jneurosci.org)
  • produce outgrowths called axons and dendrites, by which the cells of the nervous system establish communication with one another to form a functional network. (britannica.com)
  • Axon guidance is a complex process that relies on several mechanisms to ensure the accurate wiring of the nervous system. (imsaethics.org)
  • 3. Fasciculation: Axons often grow in bundles called fascicles, which facilitate their navigation through the developing nervous system. (imsaethics.org)
  • Nov. 18, 2022 Damages to the central nervous system (CNS), for example in the case of spinal cord injury, can result in permanent loss of sensory and motor function. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Although the role of axon retraction during development of the nervous system is well appreciated, the mechanism of guidance-cue-induced retraction is not fully elucidated. (biologists.com)
  • When the territory is unfamiliar, e.g. dorsal nerves invading ventral limb, the axons innervate muscles by passive deployment ( Summerbell & Stirling, 1981 ). (biologists.com)
  • Slowing of conduction in motor and sensory nerves was believed to cause weakness and numbness. (medscape.com)
  • Nerves are bundles of axons that work together to transmit signals. (healthline.com)
  • The cranial nerves can have sensory functions, motor functions, or both. (healthline.com)
  • Spinal nerves have both sensory and motor function. (healthline.com)
  • All but one of your spinal nerves transmits sensory information from this area back to the CNS. (healthline.com)
  • Skin is the body's largest sensory organ, and the nerves that pervade it are responsible for sending signals to the brain-signals¬ perceived as sensations of pain, temperature, pressure and itch, to name a few. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • However, both alleles also result in peripheral neuropathy with thinly myelinated and demyelinated axons, as well as degenerating and regenerating axons, predominantly in distal motor nerves. (bvsalud.org)
  • When nerves are crushed (called axonotmesis), the axon is injured, but the myelin sheath is not. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the absence of NGF, inhibition of glycolysis along distal axons results in axon degeneration independent of cell death. (jneurosci.org)
  • Furthermore, electrophysiological analysis demonstrated that inhibition of necroptosis delays not only the morphological degeneration of axons, but also the loss of their electrophysiological function after nerve injury. (lu.se)
  • Mammalian CNS axons fail to regenerate after damage, whereas PNS axons can regenerate vigorously, many reconnecting with their targets. (jneurosci.org)
  • In those cases where the axons are well filled,their trajectories from the injection site are observed to change position within the radial nerve to specifically innervate the duplicated muscle. (biologists.com)
  • 1. Chemical Guidance Cues: Axons navigate through their environment by following a gradient of chemical signals known as guidance cues. (imsaethics.org)
  • The data reveal that the glycolytic pathway is required for normal sensory axon extension in the presence of NGF, while in the absence of NGF the glycolytic pathway is required for axon maintenance. (jneurosci.org)
  • Electrodiagnostic studies, however, displayed reduced compound muscle action potentials, normal sensory nerve action potentials, and widespread denervation, consistent with a severe, asymmetric process involving anterior horn cells or motor axons. (cdc.gov)
  • These behaviors are regulated and influenced by sensory stimuli such as touch, sound, and, most importantly in rodents, smell. (frontiersin.org)
  • Few studies have revealed that depending upon the nature of stimuli, excitation of the corresponding sensory region also evokes a response from other neighboring connected areas. (intechopen.com)
  • The latter is manifested in hypersensitivity to visual stimuli, measured with questionnaires and sensory thresholds, as well as in abnormal cortical excitability and a lack of habituation, assessed with visual evoked potentials elicited by pattern-reversal stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Axons exhibit remarkable specificity in synapse formation, ensuring that they only establish connections with their appropriate target cells. (imsaethics.org)
  • That means that they can both send sensory information to the CNS as well as transmit commands from the CNS to your body's periphery. (healthline.com)
  • We show here that loss of electrical activity following peripheral deafferentiation is an important signal to trigger axon regrowth. (nih.gov)
  • Brachial plexus lesion results in loss of motor and sensory function, being more harmful in the neonate. (hindawi.com)
  • Sensory-motor recovery was behaviorally studied. (hindawi.com)
  • Upper and lower limb innervation is greatly affected by brachial and lumbosacral plexus lesion, leading to loss of motor and sensory function [ 1 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The effect of alteration of limb pattern upon motor axon guidance has been investigated in chick embryos. (biologists.com)
  • We are interested in how motor axons reach their appropriate target muscles during development. (biologists.com)
  • Thus, following anteroposterior reversal of the limb bud ( Stirling & Summerbell, 1985 ) or craniocaudal reversal of the spinal cord ( Lance-Jones & Landmesser, 1980 ), the trajectories of some motor axons are changed to compensate for the reversal. (biologists.com)
  • The cues guiding the motor axons, therefore, must reside in the processes that determine the pattern of the limb itself. (biologists.com)
  • they are distinct from hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSNs) and hereditary motor neuropathies (HMNs). (medscape.com)
  • However, a study by Krajewski et al suggested that neurologic dysfunction and clinical disability in CMT 1A are caused by loss of or damage to large-diameter motor and sensory axons. (medscape.com)
  • The facial nerve has both sensory and motor function. (healthline.com)
  • These connections are needed to process sensory information, execute motor functions, and provide the network for cognitive abilities. (medindia.net)
  • In such cases, the neural circuitry may be disrupted, leading to impaired sensory or motor functions. (imsaethics.org)
  • Experiments using microfluidic chambers show that the effect of inhibiting glycolysis on axon extension is local along distal axons and can be reversed by promoting mitochondrial respiration. (jneurosci.org)
  • Rescue of GAPDH using KillerRed fused to GAPDH followed by localized chromophore-assisted light inactivation of KillerRed-GAPDH in distal axons halts growth cone dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
  • Fasciculation occurs when axons with similar guidance cues grow closely together, providing mutual support and guidance. (imsaethics.org)
  • Axons express specific receptors on their growth cones that can detect and respond to different guidance cues. (imsaethics.org)
  • Axon guidance is mediated by the effects of attractant and repellent guidance cues on the cytoskeleton of growth cones and axons. (biologists.com)
  • During development, axon retraction is an important aspect of the pruning of inappropriately targeted axons in response to repellent guidance cues. (biologists.com)
  • Axons are guided to their targets by a variety of extracellular guidance cues ( Plachez and Richards, 2005 ). (biologists.com)
  • Importantly, repellent guidance cues cause growth cone collapse and depolymerize growth cone F-actin while promoting axon retraction ( Gallo and Letourneau, 2004 ). (biologists.com)
  • While recent work has emphasized the importance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, the role of the glycolytic pathway in axon morphogenesis and maintenance remains minimally understood. (jneurosci.org)
  • In PNS axons, axotomy activates Neu3 sialidase, increasing the ratio of GM1/GD1a and GM1/GT1b gangliosides immediately after injury in vitro and in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • No change in the GM1/GD1a ratio after axotomy was observed in retinal axons ( in vitro and in vivo ), despite the presence of Neu3 sialidase. (jneurosci.org)
  • The well-studied phenomenon of long-term hyperexcitability (LTH), in which sensory somata become hyperexcitable following peripheral nerve injury may be important for both chronic pain and long-lasting memory formation, since similar cellular alterations take place after both injury and learning. (tmc.edu)
  • Alterations of cortical axons could also contribute to functional changes, but little is known about the effects of experience at the level of individual corticocortical axons. (ox.ac.uk)
  • For example, in the visual system, retinal ganglion cell axons project to their target cells in the brain based on their specific position within the retina. (imsaethics.org)
  • Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis in the presence of NGF impairs axon extension and growth cone dynamics within minutes without affecting axon maintenance. (jneurosci.org)
  • All patients had acute onset of lance conducted by the Mississippi Department of Health asymmetric weakness and areflexia but no sensory abnor- and the Louisiana Office of Public Health. (cdc.gov)
  • One of the challenges in visualizing axons arises because their overlapping, maze-like pathways make it very difficult to tell one from another. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • These molecules enable axons to adhere to specific surfaces, allowing them to navigate along appropriate pathways towards their target cells. (imsaethics.org)
  • 4. Topographic Mapping: Many axon pathways exhibit a precise topographical organization, where axons from neighboring regions project to specific target cells in a highly ordered manner. (imsaethics.org)
  • Stirling & Summerbell, 1987 ), providing that the axons are invading 'familiar' territory ( Stirling & Summerbell, 1983 ). (biologists.com)
  • F-actin is concentrated at the growth cone and sparse in the axon ( Letourneau, 1983 ). (biologists.com)
  • It leaves the skull through the middle compartment of the jugular foramen, where it has upper and lower ganglionic swellings, which are the sensory ganglia of the nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Here, the goal was to determine whether factors such as age and/or disease severity may exert a modulatory influence on sensory sensitivity, cortical excitability, and habituation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It can also cause contractures, sensory deficits, and paralysis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Semaphorins, neurotrophins, and Slits: Molecules that direct sensory axon elongation and arborization. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • This suggests that axons may use a cell's positional value to navigate and provides significant support for the theory of positional information. (biologists.com)
  • On the other side of the cell's "body" was another axon that led to the skin. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Because of sensory nerve damage, affected individuals can lose the ability to sense the position of their limbs and can have abnormal or absent reflexes (areflexia). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Dominant genetic variants in the mitofusin 2 (MFN2) gene lead to Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A (CMT2A), a neurodegenerative disease caused by genetic defects that directly damage axons. (bvsalud.org)
  • In both experiments, patients reported increased visual hypersensitivity on the Sensory Perception Quotient as compared to controls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The distinct pattern of innervation of the glans emphasizes the role of the glans as a sensory structure. (cirp.org)
  • LISBON, Portugal - Six months of treatment with growth hormone has improved sensory function in patients with spinal-cord injury and concomitant growth-hormone deficiency, according to the first such trial of this approach. (medscape.com)
  • These cues can be either attractive or repulsive, guiding the axons towards or away from their target cells, respectively. (imsaethics.org)
  • 2. Contact-Mediated Guidance: In addition to chemical cues, physical interactions between axons and their surroundings also play a role in axon guidance. (imsaethics.org)
  • How do axons know which chemical cues to follow? (imsaethics.org)
  • These receptors enable the axons to navigate towards attractive cues and avoid repulsive cues, ensuring they follow the correct path to their target cells. (imsaethics.org)
  • In conclusion, the process of how axons arrive at the correct target cells involves a combination of chemical cues, physical interactions, and precise molecular recognition. (imsaethics.org)
  • One of the most remarkable axon patterns looked like an extensive vine on a trellis, with its tendrils wrapping around approximately 200 hair follicles (see image). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • These results together suggest that sensory cortices are capable of adapting to intense experiences by going through a recalibration of corresponding or neighboring sensory area(s) to redirect the sensory function and exhibit remarkable extent of neuroplasticity within the brain. (intechopen.com)
  • When translating from rodent models to humans, it is important to understand that the sensory inputs of rodents are primarily olfactory, auditory, and somatosensory, with minimal visual inputs. (frontiersin.org)
  • This developmentally important process is crucial not only for the representation of different sensory inputs but also for their integration. (mdpi.com)
  • Each type of nerve cell that the team studied was connected at one end to the spinal cord through a thin, wire-like projection called an axon. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The axons of one type of nerve cell, for example, surrounded only a single hair follicle, its ends looking like a bear trap because of the vertical peaks flanking each hair column. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The axons of other nerve cell types were simpler and shorter, branching less but still encircling, like the tendrils of a vine, multiple hair follicles. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • In AIDP, the immune response damages myelin, which is the covering that protects axons and promotes the efficient transmission of nerve impulses. (medlineplus.gov)
  • PNS axons have a high intrinsic regenerative ability, whereas most CNS axons show little regenerative response. (jneurosci.org)
  • This is not surprising given the strong evidence for interaction between myelin and axon gene expression in development and after experimental nerve lesions. (medscape.com)
  • The growth cone is the site of axon extension, and it is characterized by a complex morphology wholly dependent on the actin filaments that underlie filopodia and lamellipodia formation and dynamics ( Dent and Gertler, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Sensory sensitivity was assessed with the Sensory Perception Quotient and group comparisons were carried out. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the questionnaires used to assess sensory sensitivity is the Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ), which evaluates a variety of visual parameters and has been used in both healthy and clinical populations [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Changes in sensory quantification (electrical perception threshold) of up to five levels below the site of spinal injury were observed," reported Gulliem Cuatrecasas, MD, PhD, an endocrinologist from Hospital Quiron-Teknon, Barcelona, Spain, who presented the work here at the European Congress of Endocrinology (ECE) 2017 . (medscape.com)
  • I investigated the roles of RhoA-kinase and myosin II in semaphorin-3A-induced growth cone collapse and axon retraction. (biologists.com)
  • I report that semaphorin 3A activates myosin II in growth cones and axons. (biologists.com)
  • Myosin II activity is required for axon retraction but not growth cone collapse. (biologists.com)
  • Growth cone collapse is often followed by axon retraction. (biologists.com)
  • how can myosin II drive axon retraction if the major source of the required substratum for force generation, growth cone F-actin, has been depleted? (biologists.com)
  • Cava​lli only has seen the nerve axon growth under the microscope. (neurosciencenews.com)