Sensitivity central auditory ability to perceive sound hair cells auditory. Medical search. Frequent questions

All auditory information is transduced by only 15,000 hair cells (organ of Corti), of which the so-called inner hair cells, numbering 3,500, are critically important, since they form synapses with approximately 90% of the 30,000 primary auditory neurons (figure 2). (cloudaccess.net)
Our laboratories use biophysical, electrophysiological, molecular biological and histological methods to determine fundamental molecular mechanisms by which neurotransmitters are released from primary sensory cells ('hair cells') to excite second order neurons carrying information to the brain. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
We apply these same techniques to study inhibitory feedback produced by brain neurons that project to and regulate the sensitivity of the cochlea. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Sensory neurons are specialized cells that play a crucial role in our ability to sense and perceive the world around us. (nawafnet.net)
These neurons are responsible for detecting and transmitting information about various stimuli, such as light, sound, touch, taste, and smell, from the sensory organs to the central nervous system. (nawafnet.net)
These neurons are much more versatile than we once believed, with emerging research showing that they can display a remarkable ability to integrate and process multiple sensory inputs, leading to a more nuanced and integrated perception of our environment. (nawafnet.net)
Studies have shown that sensory neurons can have the ability to respond to multiple sensory inputs, such as touch and temperature, or light and movement. (nawafnet.net)
The reason for this is that cutaneous sensory neurons are exposed to a wider range of stimuli, and are therefore more likely to develop the ability to respond to multiple modalities. (nawafnet.net)
In summary, sensory neurons are much more complex than we once believed, and can exhibit remarkable versatility in their ability to respond to and integrate multiple sensory modalities. (nawafnet.net)
For example, in the auditory system, some neurons receive input from both the inner hair cells, which detect frequency information, and the outer hair cells, which detect amplitude information. (nawafnet.net)
This integration allows the neurons to encode complex sound features and has been proposed to explain the perception of pitch. (nawafnet.net)

Responses to the temporal-envelope cues of speech or other complex sounds persist up the auditory pathway, eventually to the various fields of the auditory cortex in many animals. (wikipedia.org)
In the Primary Auditory Cortex, responses can encode AM rates by phase-locking up to about 20-30 Hz, while faster rates induce sustained and often tuned responses. (wikipedia.org)
A topographical representation of AM rate has been demonstrated in the primary auditory cortex of awake macaques. (wikipedia.org)
This representation is approximately perpendicular to the axis of the tonotopic gradient, consistent with an orthogonal organization of spectral and temporal features in the auditory cortex. (wikipedia.org)
Describe the output pathway from the ear to the cortex and how sound properties of encoded. (powershow.com)
The auditory system has exquisite temporal coding in the periphery which is transformed into a rate-based code in central auditory structures, like auditory cortex. (bvsalud.org)
We find that cortex can synchronize to dynamic binaural cues up to approximately 10 Hz, which aligns well with our measured limits of perceiving dynamic spatial information and utilizing dynamic binaural cues for spatial unmasking, i.e. measures of binaural sluggishness. (bvsalud.org)
Evidence shows that people who consistently respond emotionally to aesthetic musical stimuli possess stronger white matter connectivity between their auditory cortex and the areas associated with emotional processing, which means the two areas communicate more efficiently (Sachs et al. (nassaubaymusiclessons.com)
On the basis of destructive changes in certain layers of the geniculate produced by raising monkeys in a red light, and on the basis of the destruction of their layers by toxins producing a loss of sensitivity to blue light, Le Gros Clark thinks that colors are separated into separate channels in the lateral geniculate, and so, in their projection to the visual cortex, notably the area striata. (emergentpublications.com)
In particular, the 'attractor-like' dynamics of spatiotemporal activity patterns associated with the emergence and disappearance of subjective tinnitus will be described using novel statistics and compared to the respective local field potential (LPF) and spike recordings in auditory cortex of animal models for tinnitus in a companion project (ESR12). (tinact.eu)

Both ENVBM and TFSBM are represented in the time patterns of action potentials in the auditory nerve these are denoted ENVn and TFSn. (wikipedia.org)
Cochlear filtering limits the range of AM rates encoded in individual auditory-nerve fibers. (wikipedia.org)
In the auditory nerve, the strength of the neural representation of AM decreases with increasing modulation rate. (wikipedia.org)
The bodies of the cochlear sensory cells resting on the basilar membrane are surrounded by nerve terminals, and their approximately 30,000 axons form the cochlear nerve. (cloudaccess.net)
The cochlear nerve crosses the inner ear canal and extends to the central structures of the brain stem, the oldest part of the brain. (cloudaccess.net)
Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by lesions of either the inner ear (sensory) or the auditory (8th) nerve (neural). (msdmanuals.com)
Sound vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the acoustic nerve to the central nervous system. (practicalclinicalskills.com)
Sensorineural hearing loss is a type of hearing loss that occurs due to damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve, affecting the ability to hear and understand sounds clearly. (hearingresearch.org)
The inner ear consists of the cochlea, which is responsible for converting sound waves into electrical signals that are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve. (hearingresearch.org)
Conductive hearing loss occurs due to blockage or damage to the outer or middle ear, while sensorineural hearing loss occurs due to damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve. (hearingresearch.org)
All levels of the auditory system contribute to this sensitivity toward certain frequencies, from the outer ear's physical characteristics to the nerves and tracts that convey the nerve impulses of the auditory portion of the brain. (findmeacure.com)
Surgical treatment of a gastric ulcer includes severing the vagus nerve (vagotomy) to reduce the amount of gastric acid secreted by the gastric cells. (rnpedia.com)
Deafferentation is related to the decrease of afferent connections with the nerve cells and "Central gain" means that the central auditory pathways can generate hyperactivity to compensate for this loss of information. (tinact.eu)

The overall goal of the Auditory Brainstem Library is to understand how abnormal auditory input from the ear affects the brainstem, and how the brain in turn affects activity in the ear through efferent feedback loops. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is the most common non-invasive clinical measure of evoked potentials, e.g., as an objective measure for universal newborn hearing screening. (bvsalud.org)

Over the last decades, a wealth of psychophysical, electrophysiological and computational studies based on this envelope/fine-structure dichotomy have examined the role of these temporal cues in sound identification and communication, how these temporal cues are processed by the peripheral and central auditory system, and the effects of aging and cochlear damage on temporal auditory processing. (wikipedia.org)
Although the envelope/fine-structure dichotomy has been debated and questions remain as to how temporal fine structure cues are actually encoded in the auditory system, these studies have led to a range of applications in various fields including speech and audio processing, clinical audiology and rehabilitation of sensorineural hearing loss via hearing aids or cochlear implants. (wikipedia.org)
At the level of the cochlear nucleus, several cell types show an enhancement of ENVn information. (wikipedia.org)
Some of these cells show an excellent response to the ENVn and provide inhibitory sideband inputs to other cells in the cochlear nucleus giving a physiological correlate of comodulation masking release, a phenomenon whereby the detection of a signal in a masker is improved when the masker has correlated envelope fluctuations across frequency (see section below). (wikipedia.org)
Treatment options for sensorineural hearing loss include hearing aids , cochlear implants, and auditory training programs. (hearingresearch.org)
The auditory system is unique among sensory systems in its ability to phase lock to and precisely follow very fast cycle-by-cycle fluctuations in the phase of sound-driven cochlear vibrations. (bvsalud.org)
Applications include improved cochlear implant development, inner ear regenerative techniques, inner ear surgery, and auditory physiology. (stanford.edu)
It has recently been shown in animal models that excessive noise exposure can lead to permanent changes in the inner ear without affecting sensitivity to sound, commonly referred to as "cochlear synaptopathy", or "hidden hearing loss" (since no increase in the hearing threshold can be assessed). (tinact.eu)
The hypothesis that cochlear synaptopathy could be one of the feasible causes of tinnitus comes from the suppositions that both the phenomena are related to deafferentation and consequential central gain effect. (tinact.eu)

Our lab is using dendritic patch clamp recordings to examine mechanisms of synaptic transmission at this first, critical synapse in the auditory pathway. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The ABR contains multiple waves representing neural activity across different peripheral auditory pathway stages, which arise within the first 10 ms after stimulus onset. (bvsalud.org)

We are particularly interested in plastic changes in the brain that compensate for some aspects of altered auditory input, and how those changes relate to central auditory processing deficits, tinnitus, and hyperacusis. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Prolonged exposure to loud sounds is the most common cause of tinnitus. (banishtinnitus.net)
In the United States, the Department of Defense has invested millions of dollars into investigations of tinnitus sound therapies. (banishtinnitus.net)
Antibiotics, including erythromycin, neomycin, polymysxin B and vancomycin, as well as cancer medications, including mechlorethamine and vincristine, and water pills, including bumetanide, furosemide or ethacrynic acid all have the ability to cause or worsen tinnitus. (banishtinnitus.net)
Tinnitus is a sound that a person hears that nobody else can hear it. (rasyaclinic.com)
In rare cases, tinnitus can occur as a rhythmic pulsing or whooshing sound, often in time with your heartbeat, which in turn called as pulsatile tinnitus. (rasyaclinic.com)
To provide information that might assist in determination of site in the auditory system where the tinnitus originates. (rasyaclinic.com)
Patients should complete written questionnaire to assess the perceived severity of their tinnitus. (rasyaclinic.com)
It is known that the cause of tinnitus and similar disorders may have many causes, such as being exposed to excessive sounds, otitis, otosclerosis, MS, atherosclerosis, tumors, aneurysms and so on. (mskneurology.no)
Tinnitus describes the perception of a phantom sound in the absence of acoustic stimulation. (tinact.eu)
The research project will investigate the tinnitus-related neural activity patterns in tinnitus patients and healthy subjects with acutely induced phantom sound percepts by detailed analysis of multichannel MEG/EEG recordings. (tinact.eu)
We expect the spatiotemporal cortical activation patterns to differ significantly between different perceptual states: By comparing patterns related to the perception of pure tones with different pitches with those measured during the perception of tinnitus it will be possible to provide an objective, physiological marker for the tinnitus percept in general, as well as an estimate of the perceived tinnitus pitch, rather than being reliant on subjective questionnaires. (tinact.eu)

Complex sounds such as speech or music are decomposed by the peripheral auditory system of humans into narrow frequency bands. (wikipedia.org)
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the EEG mini-cap can improve translational studies of peripheral auditory evoked responses. (bvsalud.org)

[1] A consequence of this duplex system is that it is also possible to generate so-called "cue trading" or "time-intensity trading" stimuli on headphones, where ITDs pointing to the left are offset by ILDs pointing to the right, so the sound is perceived as coming from the midline. (wikipedia.org)
In some cases, a single sensory neuron can exhibit sensitivity to a wide range of stimuli that are seemingly unrelated, such as vibration, pressure, and stretching. (nawafnet.net)

Before beginning radiation and chemotherapy treatment in February 2001, DK had a baseline audiologic evaluation, which showed normal hearing sensitivity in both ears. (cancernetwork.com)
It can occur when there is a problem with the auditory (or hearing) system, or can also occur in people who have normal hearing sensitivity. (rasyaclinic.com)

The study reported that patients with DS had a higher prevalence of mood changes, overactivity, auditory hallucinations, disturbed sleep, and less aggression due to other etiologies. (medscape.com)
One study that compared the clinical findings in persons with dementia and DS with clinical findings in persons with dementia and intellectual disabilities due to other etiologies found that patients with DS had a higher prevalence of mood changes, over activity, auditory hallucinations, and disturbed sleep, as well as less aggression. (medscape.com)

The outer ear consists of the auricle, a cartilaginous skin-covered structure, and the external auditory canal, an irregularly-shaped cylinder approximately 25 mm long which is lined by glands secreting wax. (cloudaccess.net)
Conductive hearing loss occurs secondary to lesions in the external auditory canal, tympanic membrane (TM), or middle ear. (msdmanuals.com)
The design of the ear's lobes make it perfect to collect waves and funnel them to the eardrum, which is also known as the tympanic membrane, via the external auditory canal. (mskneurology.no)
The external auditory canal is an approximately one inch long tubular structure that the sound waves travel through, ultimately hitting the eardrum and causing its vibration. (mskneurology.no)

Temporal envelope (ENV) and temporal fine structure (TFS) are changes in the amplitude and frequency of sound perceived by humans over time. (wikipedia.org)
These temporal changes are responsible for several aspects of auditory perception, including loudness, pitch and timbre perception and spatial hearing. (wikipedia.org)
A dichotomy between slow "temporal envelope" cues and faster "temporal fine structure" cues has been proposed to study several aspects of auditory perception (e.g., loudness, pitch and timbre perception, auditory scene analysis, sound localization) at two distinct time scales in each frequency band. (wikipedia.org)
Any sound whose frequency components cover a narrow range (called a narrowband signal) can be considered as an envelope (ENVp, where p denotes the physical signal) superimposed on a more rapidly oscillating carrier, the temporal fine structure (TFSp). (wikipedia.org)
Selection of laboratory and/or imaging studies to rule out conditions other than migraine headache is determined by the individual presentation (eg, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels may be appropriate to exclude temporal/giant cell arteritis). (medscape.com)

Point of resonance is determined by frequency of sound wave, providing a basis for anatomical encoding of pitch. (powershow.com)
Results suggest that robust TFS sensitivity does not confer additional masking release from pitch or spatial cues, but appears to confer resilience against the effects of reverberation. (bvsalud.org)

The neural representation of stimulus envelope, ENVn, has typically been studied using well-controlled ENVp modulations, that is sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (AM) sounds. (wikipedia.org)

Real sounds are a mixture of waves with different amplitudes and frequencies which give complexity to hearing. (powershow.com)
A limitation of the duplex theory is that the theory does not completely explain directional hearing, as no explanation is given for the ability to distinguish between a sound source directly in front and behind. (wikipedia.org)
Hearing in humans is normally quantified using pure tone audiometry, which measures absolute sensitivity across a wide range of pure tone frequencies centered on those thought most useful for speech perception ( Moore, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)
An electronic device that provides a sense of sound to deaf or severely hard of hearing people. (practicalclinicalskills.com)
Exposure to loud noises, such as music concerts or construction sites, can also damage the hair cells in the inner ear and lead to hearing loss. (hearingresearch.org)
The middle ear, in particular, plays a crucial role in hearing by transmitting sound from the outer ear to the inner ear. (hearingresearch.org)
It is a critical part of the auditory system and plays a vital role in hearing. (hearingresearch.org)
Without the middle ear, sound waves would not be able to travel from the outer ear to the inner ear , and hearing would be impossible. (hearingresearch.org)
Without the middle ear to transmit sound between these two regions, hearing would not be possible. (hearingresearch.org)
the longer you go with hearing loss, the a smaller amount of sound stimulation your brain gets, and the worse your hearing gets. (eastendhearing.com)
Hearing loss leads to auditory deprivation , which produces general cognitive decline, which leads to psychological harm, including depression and anxiety, which ultimately leads to social isolation, strained relationships, and an increased risk of developing serious medical issues. (eastendhearing.com)
If you enhance the stimulation of sound to your brain with hearing aids, you can regain your brain's ability to process and understand sound. (eastendhearing.com)
To understand why the neck and jaw may influence our hearing, we first need to look at how sound signals are generated and sent to the brain for interpretation, as well as get acquainted with the relevant anatomy. (mskneurology.no)
Hearing sensitivity is indicated by the quietest sound that an animal can detect, called the hearing threshold. (findmeacure.com)
Ordinarily, when animals use sound to communicate, hearing in that type of animal is most sensitive for the frequencies produced by calls, or in the case of humans, speech. (findmeacure.com)
A hearing loss exists when an animal has diminished sensitivity to the sounds normally heard by its species. (findmeacure.com)
In humans, the term hearing impairment is usually reserved for people who have relative insensitivity to sound in the speech frequencies. (findmeacure.com)
In profound deafness, even the loudest sounds that can be produced by an audiometer (an instrument used to measure hearing) may not be detected. (findmeacure.com)
Another aspect to hearing involves the perceived clarity of a sound rather than its amplitude. (findmeacure.com)

Define the somatosensory system(s) and describe differences in sensitivity. (powershow.com)
However, the frequency ranges for which the auditory system can use ITDs and ILDs significantly overlap, and most natural sounds will have both high and low frequency components, so that the auditory system will in most cases have to combine information from both ITDs and ILDs to judge the location of a sound source. (wikipedia.org)
Research in the Glowatzki Lab focuses on the auditory system, with a particular focus on synaptic transmission in the inner ear. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
A sensory neuron is a specialized neuron whose primary function is to carry sensory information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system. (nawafnet.net)
This ability to integrate different types of sensory information allows for more complex sensory perception and is a testament to the remarkable adaptability of the nervous system. (nawafnet.net)
The ossicles act as a lever system, increasing the force of the vibrations and amplifying the sound. (hearingresearch.org)
In conclusion, the middle ear is a crucial component of the auditory system. (hearingresearch.org)
Accelerated aging in DS is not confined to the central nervous system (CNS) and occurs in various other systems. (medscape.com)
Exaggeration or absence of the reaction suggests that there may be damage to the central nervous system. (umn.edu)

The malleus, also known as the hammer, is connected to the eardrum and transmits sound vibrations to the incus, also known as the anvil. (hearingresearch.org)
These vibrations are then transmitted through the ossicles to the inner ear, where they are converted into electrical signals that the brain can interpret as sound. (hearingresearch.org)
The ossicles are the three smallest bones in the human body, and their job is to transfer but also modulate the strength of vibratory energy (sound wave vibrations) into the cochlea. (mskneurology.no)

Therefore, there is a phase difference between the sound waves entering the ears providing acoustic localisation cues. (wikipedia.org)
When they contract, vibration and thus also sound is dampened, which should occur when loud sounds enter the auditory canal (i.e the acoustic reflex). (mskneurology.no)

If different frequencies of sound are played at the same amplitude, some will be perceived as loud, and others quiet or even completely inaudible. (findmeacure.com)
Generally, if the gain or amplitude is increased, a sound is more likely to be perceived. (findmeacure.com)

It is important in the localization of sounds , as it provides a cue to the direction or angle of the sound source from the head. (wikipedia.org)

Identify the route of sound to the ear and where transduction occurs. (powershow.com)
Describe the transduction of sound waves and the maintenance of sound properties. (powershow.com)

However, the resulting audiogram does not provide a complete picture of listening abilities encountered in everyday environments. (frontiersin.org)
This is because pigeons tend to respond in the absence of sound-that is, they have a high false-positive rate-which makes it difficult to determine a pigeon's audiogram. (researchgate.net)

Waves move the basilar membrane but not the tectorial membrane resulting in conformational changes in the stereocilia of hair cells. (powershow.com)
The outer ear consists of the pinna and ear canal and is responsible for transmitting sound waves to the eardrum. (hearingresearch.org)
The pinna, also known as the auricle , is the visible part of the ear that collects sound waves and funnels them into the ear canal. (hearingresearch.org)
The middle ear consists of three small bones (the malleus, incus, and stapes) that amplify and transmit sound waves to the inner ear. (hearingresearch.org)
The cochlea is a spiral-shaped structure that contains thousands of tiny hair cells that vibrate in response to sound waves. (hearingresearch.org)
This tube helps to equalize pressure within the middle ear, ensuring that the eardrum can vibrate properly and transmit sound waves effectively. (hearingresearch.org)
It vibrates in response to sound waves, setting the ossicles in motion. (hearingresearch.org)
When sound waves enter the ear canal, they cause the eardrum to vibrate. (hearingresearch.org)
The middle ear is also responsible for amplifying sound waves. (hearingresearch.org)
The outer ear collects sound waves and directs them down the ear canal towards the eardrum. (hearingresearch.org)
It is responsible for transmitting sound from the outer ear to the inner ear and amplifying sound waves to ensure accurate detection. (hearingresearch.org)
The ossicles are crucial in amplifying sound waves and transmitting them to the inner ear. (hearingresearch.org)
The external ear, also called the 'pinna' or 'auricle', is designed mainly to capture the sound waves. (mskneurology.no)

Stroud has pointed out that if we had only one such substance to work with, we could still build a lens into our receptors to secure differential sensitivity to different wavelengths, and that the cones with their refractive globules may do just that. (emergentpublications.com)

Louder sounds will cause greater contraction, and vice versa. (mskneurology.no)
Louder sounds cause damage in a shorter period of time. (findmeacure.com)

Sound intensity (loudness) corresponds to height of wave. (powershow.com)
For example, most commonly, clinics assess loudness discomfort levels (LDLs) by presenting artificial tones (beeps, noises) with increasing sound level until the patient indicates discomfort. (tinact.eu)

Patients with hyperacusis complain of everyday sounds as being too loud or too uncomfortable, even at relatively moderate sound levels. (tinact.eu)
With this, we found an optimal subset of sounds that give assessment information of hyperacusis in a fast and effective way. (tinact.eu)
Most importantly, our tool evaluates hyperacusis with sounds closer to everyday situations, and it can do so at low sound levels which thus limits uncomfort of the measure for the patient. (tinact.eu)

Music has the ability to evoke powerful emotional responses such as chills and thrills in listeners. (nassaubaymusiclessons.com)

and his or her ability to provide informed consent through verbal and nonverbal cues during the initial encounter. (medscape.com)

This time delay correlates to the wavelength of a sound input with a frequency of 1500 Hz. (wikipedia.org)
The results concluded that when a sound played had a frequency less than 1500 Hz the wavelength is greater than this maximum time delay between the ears. (wikipedia.org)
With a sound input with a frequency closer to 1500 Hz the wavelength of the sound wave is similar to the natural time delay. (wikipedia.org)
Even if both photochemically active substances have something to do with color vision, their sensitivities as a function of wavelength have too broad and flat a maximum for us to attribute color vision to their differential sensitivities to sundry wavelengths, and only two such substances have been found where we should need or like three in current theory. (emergentpublications.com)

13 Genetic testing can also identify mild deafness, later-onset childhood deafness, syndromic forms of deafness, risk factors for aminoglycoside-induced deafness, and auditory neuropathy that may not be detected by the current physiologic NBHS. (nature.com)

Diverse techniques in molecular biology, immunology, and physiology are utilized to study epithelial cell innate immunity, olfactory loss, and response to viral infection. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

The inner and outer hair cells are separated from each other by an abundant layer of support cells. (cloudaccess.net)

Deafness is a condition wherein the ability to detect certain frequencies of sound is completely or partially impaired. (findmeacure.com)
The test is carried out for sounds of different frequencies. (findmeacure.com)
Presbycusis, the progressive loss of ability to hear high frequencies with increasing age, begins in early adulthood, but does not usually interfere with ability to understand conversation until much later. (findmeacure.com)
will be tested on his/her ability to hear 7 frequencies: 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 3000 Hz, 4000 Hz, 6000 Hz and 8000 Hz, 1000 Hz and 500 Hz. (cdc.gov)

A second aim was to assess the perceived beat rate (when beats are perceived) and to relate this to the origin of the beats. (aip.org)

This amplification is necessary because the inner ear's sensory cells require a certain level of vibration to detect sound accurately. (hearingresearch.org)

The fetus lives in a stimulating environment of sound, vibration, and motion (Kisilevsky et al. (studyres.com)

TRT depends upon the natural ability of the brain to "habituate" a signal, to filter it out on a subconscious level so that it does not reach conscious perception. (banishtinnitus.net)
Here, we circumnavigated this limitation by leveraging individual differences across 200 participants to systematically compare variations in TFS sensitivity to performance in a range of speech perception tasks. (bvsalud.org)

The interaural time difference (or ITD ) when concerning humans or animals, is the difference in arrival time of a sound between two ears. (wikipedia.org)
This pathlength difference results in a time difference between the sound's arrivals at the ears, which is detected and aids the process of identifying the direction of sound source. (wikipedia.org)
The Duplex theory proposed by Lord Rayleigh (1907) provides an explanation for the ability of humans to localise sounds by time differences between the sounds reaching each ear (ITDs) and differences in sound level entering the ears (interaural level differences, ILDs). (wikipedia.org)
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears. (practicalclinicalskills.com)

An assessment also helps to reproduce a similar sound to demonstrate and measurements also can provide treatment guidelines. (rasyaclinic.com)
Tests made at birth reveal that infants have exquisite taste and odor discrimination and definite preferences, and visual and auditory tests demonstrate how remarkably a newborn can imitate a variety of facial expressions and vowel vocalizations (Meltzoff & Prinz, 2002). (studyres.com)

The duplex theory states that ITDs are used to localise low frequency sounds, in particular, while ILDs are used in the localisation of high frequency sound inputs. (wikipedia.org)

The middle ear is responsible for transmitting sound from the outer ear to the inner ear. (hearingresearch.org)
Additionally, the middle ear muscles can contract in response to loud noises, reducing the amount of sound that reaches the inner ear and protecting it from damage. (hearingresearch.org)

auditory tasks has been the d omestic pigeon. (researchgate.net)

A major component of proprioception is joint position sense (JPS), which involves an individual's ability to perceive the position of a joint without the aid of vision. (umn.edu)

This damage affects the ability to transmit sound signals effectively from the ear to the brain, making it difficult to hear and understand sounds properly. (hearingresearch.org)

However, false positives are easily controlled in the method of conditioned suppression/avoidance, in which a pigeon is trained to peck a key to obtain food and to stop pecking whenever it detects a sound that signals impending electric shock. (researchgate.net)
detects a sound that signals impending electric shock. (researchgate.net)
These hair cells are responsible for sending electrical signals to the brain, which are interpreted as sound. (hearingresearch.org)

Although the domestic pigeon is commonly used in learning experiments, it is a notoriously difficult subject in auditory psychophysical experiments, even those in which it need only respond when it detects a sound. (researchgate.net)

A postoperative complication may be defined as any negative outcome perceived either by the surgeon or by the patient. (medscape.com)
That is, our ability to enjoy music can be seen as the outcome of our human emotional brain and its more recently evolved neocortex. (nassaubaymusiclessons.com)

These tests measure one's ability to understand speech, not to merely detect sound. (findmeacure.com)

If you under-utilize the part of your brain that processes sounds, your capacity to process auditory information grows weaker. (eastendhearing.com)

Anatomy45

Organisms14

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs15

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Psychiatry and Psychology13

Phenomena and Processes30

Disciplines and Occupations3

Humanities1

Information Science2

Health Care3

Neurons11

Cortex10

Nerve13

Brainstem2

Cochlear9

Pathway2

Tinnitus12

Peripheral auditory2

Stimuli2

Normal hearing sen2

Hallucinations2

External audit4

Temporal5

Pitch2

Neural1

Hearing19

System9

Vibrations3

Acoustic2

Amplitude2

Localization1

Transduction2

Audiogram2

Waves13

Receptors1

Louder2

Loudness2

Hyperacusis3

Responses1

Cues1

Wavelength4

Neuropathy1

Physiology1

Outer hair cells1

Frequencies4

Assess1

Ear's1

Vibration1

Perception2

Ears4

Demonstrate2

Inputs1

Middle Ear2

Tasks1

Involves1

Affects1

Signals3

Commonly1

Outcome2

Detect1

Brain1