Sensitive pertussis toxin. Medical search. Frequent questions

We and others have shown that antigenic divergence has occurred between vaccine strains and clinical isolates with respect to surface proteins, which confer protective immunity: pertussis toxin (Ptx), pertactin (Prn), and fimbriae ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)
4. Involvement of pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding proteins in sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced activation of phospholipase C-Ca2+ system in HL60 leukemia cells. (nih.gov)
11. Lipoprotein(a) stimulates growth of human mesangial cells and induces activation of phospholipase C via pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins. (nih.gov)
A permissive role for pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins. (nih.gov)
However, forced expression of Gαo restored negative coupling of TRPM1 to mGluR6 signaling, but treatment with pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of Gi /Go proteins, did not affect basal or mGluR6-induced Ca(2+) uptake. (nih.gov)
Collectively, these data demonstrate that activation of δ-opioid receptors induces the release of Ca 2+ from IP 3 -sensitive stores in NG108-15 cells through activation of the βγ subunits of inhibitory G proteins. (aspetjournals.org)
In dibutyryl-cAMP-differentiated HL-60 cells, histamine H1 and formyl peptide receptors mediate increases in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) via pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins of the Gi family. (uni-regensburg.de)
Melatonin receptors interact with pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins to inhibit adenylate cyclase. (elsevierpure.com)
These data show that although the fMLP, LTB4, and IL-8 receptors are coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive Galpha proteins, they signal neutrophils to initiate qualitatively different effector functions. (duke.edu)
One pathway is activated by neurotransmitters like somatostatin that stimulate archidonic acid metabolism through pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding proteins. (nih.gov)
Activation of GPR84 by medium-chain free fatty acid is coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o proteins. (7tmantibodies.com)
D2-like receptor signaling is mediated through inhibitory, Gαi/o class of G-proteins that are sensitive to pertussis toxin. (biomedcentral.com)
1988). In-vitro application of nanomolar to micromolar concentrations of CB1R agonists stimulates CB1Rs, resulting in the activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi proteins (Howlett et al. (studyres.com)
Desk YC-1 2 Reversal by glycine however not by SRIF-14 from the 7-Cl-kynurenate antagonism from the YC-1 NMDA-evoked [3H]-NA launch from hippocampal synaptosomes Participation of G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors Somatostatin receptors in the CNS are generally but not constantly associated with PTx-sensitive GTP binding G proteins (discover Hoyer et al . (bio2009.org)

We present evidence that in the Netherlands the dramatic increase in pertussis is temporally associated with the emergence of Bordetella pertussis strains carrying a novel allele for the pertussis toxin promoter, which confers increased pertussis toxin (Ptx) production. (cdc.gov)
Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough or pertussis, a respiratory disease that is most severe in infants. (cdc.gov)
Pertussis is a bacterial infection caused by Bordetella pertussis . (biomedcentral.com)

CDC research scientists have developed a method to identify and quantify the activity of pathogenic bacterial adenylate cyclase toxins by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bacterial protein toxins are among the most potent natural poisons known, causing paralysis, immune system collapse, hemorrhaging and death in some cases. (nih.gov)
Inhibition of ATP currents by CPA was completely prevented by the A1 adenosine receptor antagonist KW-3902, and disappeared after the intracellular dialysis of either the G i/o -protein inhibitor pertussis toxin, the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, or the cAMP analog 8-Br-cAMP. (researchsquare.com)
They inhibit adenylate cyclase activity in a dose-dependent, stereoselective, and pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. (nih.gov)
Activated A1Rs couple to adenylate cyclase via the pertussis toxin sensitive Galphai protein, thereby decreasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate formation. (silverchair.com)

This effect was unaffected by rolipram (10 mum), but abolished completely by pretreatment with pertussis toxin, which inactivates the Galphai protein. (silverchair.com)
We also found that the voltage sensitivity of binding of [ 3 H]ACh to oocytes expressing m2R was greatly diminished following pretreatment with pertussis toxin. (openu.ac.il)

Competitive binding experiments using purified 3H-toxin A demonstrated the presence of a single class of medium affinity receptors on rabbit neutrophils (Kd 7 x 10(-8) M). Pertussis toxin and the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog GTPgamma S both inhibited 3H-toxin A binding (by 56 and 65%, respectively), indicating that the rabbit neutrophil toxin A receptor is G protein linked. (jci.org)
Activation of δ-opioid receptors in NG108-15 cells releases Ca 2+ from an intracellular store through activation of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. (aspetjournals.org)
Furthermore, the activation of ERK by the beta -3 AR is sensitive to PD98059, wortmannin, and LY294002, indicating a crucial role for mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), respectively. (aspetjournals.org)
A beta -3 AR-mediated stimulation of PI3K is confirmed by the observation that the selective agonist CGP 12177A specifically activates protein kinase B. As was observed for the activation of ERK, the activation of protein kinase B is inhibited by preincubation with pertussis toxin and PI3K inhibitors, suggesting that both are a consequence of a G i/o -mediated activation of PI3K. (aspetjournals.org)
A PERTUSSIS TOXIN-sensitive GTP-binding protein alpha subunit. (nih.gov)
They also enhanced binding of guanosine-5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate and GTP azidoanilide to, and cholera toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of, Gi protein alpha subunits. (uni-regensburg.de)
and by activating pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o protein and Src (Gonzlez-Maeso et al. (bioxorio.com)
The block elicited by EM was partially reversed by pertussis toxin (PTX), indicative of activation of a PTX-sensitive G-protein following MOR activation. (usf.edu)
Using Fura-2 calcium fluorometry and patch-clamp electrophysiology, we determined pharmacologically that μ-opioid receptor activation precedes an intracellular cascade that is dependent on a PTX-sensitive G-protein and AA but independent of prostaglandin and protein kinase activity. (usf.edu)
In contrast, C-peptide-induced nociception was attenuated by the pretreatment with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide for Gα s (i.t.) and with KT-5720 (i.pl.), a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, but not with pertussis toxin. (illinois.edu)
We have also used these channels as a sensitive molecular assay to identify two new signal transduction pathways through which inhibitory neuropeptides stimulate the serine/threonine-directed protein phosphatase, PP2A. (nih.gov)
Functional coupling of the beta 2-adrenoceptor to a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein in cardiac myocytes. (research.com)
We therefore conclude that 1) the apparent age-related changes in Na-K pump activity in canine Purkinje fibers in fact reflect cell surface-to-volume ratio and, 2) the β-adrenergic agonist-induced hyperpolarization in adults requires the presence of a PTX-sensitive G protein for its occurrence. (johnshopkins.edu)

Previous work has demonstrated that NOP receptors inhibit N-type Ca 2+ channel currents in rat sympathetic stellate ganglion (SG) neurons via pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive Gα i/o subunits. (psu.edu)
We tested the hypothesis that activation of δ-opioid receptors mobilizes inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 )-sensitive Ca 2+ stores via liberation of Gβγ. (aspetjournals.org)
Co-transfection of HEK293 cells expressing MT1, or MT2 melatonin receptors with Gas chimaeras and a cyclic AMP activated luciferase construct provided a convenient and sensitive assay system for identification of receptor recognition of Ga C-termini. (elsevierpure.com)

Involvement of phosphodiesterase and Galphai was characterized by using the phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram and pertussis toxin, respectively. (silverchair.com)
Mice were exposed to isoflurane or oxygen vehicle (30 min, ±36 h pertussis toxin pretreatment, an irreversible G i inhibitor). (silverchair.com)

Treatment of neutrophils with R15.7, a blocking monoclonal antibody to the leuocyte adhesion molecule CD18, inhibited toxin A-stimulated neutrophil migration by 85% in vitro. (jci.org)
Pretreatment of neutrophils with pertussis toxin completely blocked their production of H(2)O(2) on fibrinogen-coated surfaces in response to fMLP and their migration through Matrigel in response to fMLP, LTB4, and IL-8. (duke.edu)
HP-NAP induces superoxide anion generation, adhesion and chemotaxis of neutrophils, via a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway involving MAP kinases. (abeomics.com)

The study was done in the Netherlands when whole-cell pertussis vaccine was used in the national vaccination programme. (biomedcentral.com)

Binding assay: used to assess the amount of pertussis toxin/toxoid binding activity to the glycoprotein fetuin. (nih.gov)
[ 25 ] However, in the context of a reliable, standardized assay, serology has the potential to advance our understanding of the true burden of pertussis among older children, adolescents and adults, who often present later in the course of illness when other testing methods are less sensitive. (medscape.com)
This assay tested antibodies to tetanus toxin (TT) and four Bordatella pertussis antigens (PT, FIM, FHA, PRN). (cdc.gov)
The reportable value (RV) of the assay is expressed as the serum concentration of anti-pertussis or TT antigen-specific IgG in IU/mL. (cdc.gov)

Culture is being replaced by faster molecular methods of disease detection for diagnosis of many pathogens, and the availability of PCR for diagnosis of pertussis has been expanded to nearly all commercial and public health laboratories. (medscape.com)
An accurate, practical laboratory test is needed to confirm clinical diagnosis of pertussis in adults during the first 3 symptomatic weeks, when treatment is effective and transmission can be interrupted. (biomedcentral.com)

8. Permissive stimulation of Ca(2+)-induced phospholipase A2 by an adenosine receptor agonist in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner in FRTL-5 thyroid cells: a new 'cross-talk' mechanism in Ca2+ signalling. (nih.gov)
FHL-124 cells were strongly FPR1+ by Western blot and FACS, and the FPR1 agonist fMLF induced pertussis toxin-sensitive Ca2+ flux responses in these cells. (nih.gov)
Thus, the steps downstream to agonist activation of m2R are not voltage-sensitive. (openu.ac.il)

However, basal and antigen-stimulated T-cell adhesion to dendritic cells was not sensitive to pertussis toxin. (ox.ac.uk)

Pertussis: Although no immunologic correlates of protection have yet been identified for pertussis, IgG antibody levels against four virulence factors (pertussis toxin (PT), fimbriae (FIM), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (PRN)) are used to assess immunogenicity following vaccination and disease (Mattoo, et al. (cdc.gov)

Similar to PCR, the availability of commercial pertussis serologic assays has increased substantially. (medscape.com)
Antibodies levels ≥0.01 IU/mL as measured by in vivo toxin neutralization assays are generally considered protective (Borrow, et al. (cdc.gov)

Small interference RNA (siRNA) transfection was employed to block the expression of PTX-sensitive Gα subunits. (psu.edu)

2. Pertussis toxin inhibits phospholipase C activation and Ca2+ mobilization by sphingosylphosphorylcholine and galactosylsphingosine in HL60 leukemia cells. (nih.gov)
Pertussis toxin reveals correlation between inositol trisphosphate generation, calcium ion transients, and cellular activation. (nih.gov)
beta(2)-AR selectively induced anti-apoptotic ERK activation in the presence of PKCepsilon suppression, and this ERK activation was sensitive to pertussis toxin. (nih.gov)
The activation of ERK1/2 is sensitive to pertussis toxin, suggesting that the beta -3 AR, in addition to its interaction with G s , can couple to G i/o . (aspetjournals.org)
Activation has been pertussis toxin-sensitive. (dnarnasynthesis-signal.com)
Activation of FFA3 by propionate via a pertussis-toxin sensitive Gαi-coupled pathway, was reported to elevate leptin production from mouse adipocytes and primary adipocyte tissue cultures. (7tmantibodies.com)

While FSH did not induce increases in cAMP levels, this hormone potently activated pertussis toxin sensitive Gαi/o signaling. (frontiersin.org)

In the 1990s, a resurgence of pertussis was observed in a number of countries with highly vaccinated populations, and pertussis has become the most prevalent vaccine-preventable disease in industrialized countries. (cdc.gov)
One of the hallmarks of the pertussis resurgence is a shift in disease prevalence toward older persons who have waning vaccine-induced immunity ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
The reemergence of pertussis has been attributed to various factors, including increased awareness, improved diagnostics, decreased vaccination coverage, suboptimal vaccines, waning vaccine-induced immunity, and pathogen adaptation. (cdc.gov)
Evaluate the effi cacy of the pertussis vaccine. (cdc.gov)

Pretreatment of rabbits with R15.7 also prevented neutrophil infiltration of toxin A-exposed ileal loops in vivo as determined by histologic examination and by ileal tissue myeloperoxidase levels. (jci.org)

5-HT (0.1-1 microM) abolished forskolin (1 microM) stimulated increases in cyclic AMP (15 fold increase), an action which was pertussis toxin-sensitive. (ox.ac.uk)

Our results underline the importance of Ptx in transmission, suggest that vaccination may select for increased virulence, and indicate ways to control pertussis more effectively. (cdc.gov)
Because adaptation may involve the structure of virulence factors (by antigenic variation) and their regulation, we extended our studies on the evolution of B. pertussis by investigating polymorphism in the promoter of Ptx ( ptxP ), a major virulence factor and component of all pertussis vaccines ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

This effect of melatonin seems to involve inhibition of Ca2+ influx through voltage-sensitive channels. (nih.gov)

Neutrophil recruitment in Clostridium difficile toxin A enteritis in the rabbit. (jci.org)

Understanding these pathways may have important implications for human health disorders because PP2A has been identified as the primary target of a growing number of potent microbial toxins and xenobiotics in the environment. (nih.gov)

A useful tool for quantitative detection of specific toxin activity in clinical samples will provide insights into the kinetics of intoxication, stage of infection and present stage of pathogenesis. (nih.gov)

Toxin A elicited a dose-dependent (25-200 micrograms/ml) stimulation of neutrophil migration in vitro, and this functional effect was also pertussis toxin sensitive (69% inhibition). (jci.org)
Furthermore, R15.7 effected a substantial inhibition of fluid secretion (by 65%), mannitol permeability (by 66%), and histologic damage in toxin A-exposed ileal loops. (jci.org)
Inhibition of mink lung epithelial cell proliferation by transforming growth factor-beta is coupled through a pertussis-toxin-sensitive substrate. (musc.edu)

Pertussis diagnostics, surveillance and our understanding of pertussis epidemiology are inextricably linked. (medscape.com)

One focus of my work has been to develop rapid and sensitive methods for searching biological-sequence databases. (nih.gov)
25 ] The validity of methods for pertussis diagnosis depends on the time of initiation. (biomedcentral.com)

Anti-CD18 (R15.7) had no inhibitory effect on cholera toxin enterotoxicity. (jci.org)

Testing was also conducted to evaluate antibody levels to tetanus toxin (TT). (cdc.gov)

The clinical and laboratory outcomes of a pertussis epidemic in a religious convent, which has been described previously, was used as a sample population to evaluate single IgA and IgG levels after other causes for an outbreak of coughing were excluded. (biomedcentral.com)

The sensitivity and specificity of single IgA and IgG levels were assessed in a cohort study of a pertussis epidemic in 99 adults in a closed community. (biomedcentral.com)

The significant increase in diagnostic sensitivity provided by PCR compared with culture has resulted in improved case ascertainment and identification of pertussis clusters and has allowed for faster response to emerging pertussis outbreaks. (medscape.com)
Despite the introduction of mass vaccinations in the Netherlands in 1952 and other countries, pertussis is still an endemic disease with regular epidemic outbreaks. (biomedcentral.com)

6 ] In vaccinated populations, pertussis is more likely to be found in older children and adults. (biomedcentral.com)

The effects of CPH on [Ca2+]i, phospholipase D, and superoxide anion formation were inhibited by pertussis toxin. (uni-regensburg.de)

Wilk-Blaszczak, M.A., Gutowski,S., Sternweis, P. and Belardetti, F. Bradykinin modulates potassium and calcium currents in neuroblastoma hybrid cells via different pertussis toxin-insensitive pathways. (ubc.ca)

At present, the CSTE/CDC case definition for pertussis includes both clinical and laboratory components. (medscape.com)
Although culture is sufficient to confirm pertussis among persons with a cough of any duration, a positive PCR result must also meet the clinical case definition. (medscape.com)
Sensitivities were assessed in the sera of 46 laboratory confirmed clinical pertussis cases during the first 3 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
We suggest levels of 24 U/ml for IgA level and 27 U/ml (= 27 International Units (IU)/ml) for IgG as sensitive, specific, and practical for laboratory confirmation of clinical pertussis in adults in the first 3 weeks of outbreak management. (biomedcentral.com)
Pertussis is most infectious in its prodromic and early clinical stages. (biomedcentral.com)

5-Oxo-ETE, 5-oxo-15-OH-ETE, and 5-HETE stimulated the cancer cell lines but not HEK-293 cells to mount pertussis toxin-sensitive proliferation responses. (nih.gov)
these responses were pertussis toxin-resistant. (nih.gov)

Widespread vaccination of children reduced the incidence of illness and deaths caused by pertussis ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

Although Massachusetts continues to contribute a substantial proportion of serology results reported nationally, a majority of states now report pertussis serology results to NNDSS. (medscape.com)
Several pertussis pseudooutbreaks have resulted from misdiagnosis based on PCR testing because of cross contamination or inadequately interpreted results. (medscape.com)
The cumulative results suggest that m2R is, by itself, voltage-sensitive. (openu.ac.il)

[ 13-15 ] Revisions have already been made to the CSTE pertussis case definition for 2014, which allows clinically compatible, PCR-positive infants with cough of any duration to be classified as probable, and discussions are currently underway to expand this modification to case-patients of all ages. (medscape.com)
3 months of age), of pertussis among infants, reinforcing the World Health teenagers, and adults. (cdc.gov)

Before childhood vaccination was introduced in the 1940s, pertussis was a major cause of infant death worldwide. (cdc.gov)

Similar to PCR, serology could substantially increase the identification of pertussis infections. (medscape.com)
These data demonstrate that C. difficile toxin A is a proinflammatory toxin whose enterotoxic effects are substantially dependent upon neutrophil recruitment. (jci.org)

In addition, clinicians may favor serology over other pertussis diagnostics because obtaining blood specimens is often preferred over nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens and providers often do not stock appropriate NP specimen collection and transport supplies in their offices. (medscape.com)

Here, using Xenopus oocytes, we show that the M 2 muscarinic receptor (m2R) is voltage-sensitive. (openu.ac.il)

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