Senescence apoptotic cells cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Aging kidney and CKD share many common characteristic features with increased cellular senescence, a conserved program characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we discuss current understanding of the role and mechanism of cellular senescence in kidney fibrosis. (frontiersin.org)
Cellular senescence is characterized by an irreversible and permanent cell cycle arrest coupled with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we summarize the evidence linking cellular senescence to the pathogenesis of CKD and discuss current understanding of the mechanism and regulators controlling senescence. (frontiersin.org)
The encoded protein responds to diverse cellular stresses to regulate expression of target genes, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. (cubebiosystems.com)
We studied whether cellular senescence induced by HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate in E1a+cHa-Ras -transformed rat embryo fibroblasts (ERas) and A549 human Ki-Ras mutated lung adenocarcinoma cells would enhance the tumor suppressor effect of MEK/ERK inhibition. (aging-us.com)
Treatment of control ERas cells with PD0325901 for 24 h results in mitochondria damage and apoptotic death of a part of cellular population. (aging-us.com)
Cellular senescence is a multifaceted process that arrests the proliferation of cells that are at risk of neoplastic transformation. (nature.com)
There is now substantial evidence that cellular senescence is a barrier to malignant tumorigenesis in vivo . (nature.com)
There is also mounting evidence that cellular senescence contributes to ageing. (nature.com)
Proliferating cells can initiate an additional response by adopting a state of permanent cell-cycle arrest that is termed cellular senescence. (nature.com)
Understanding the causes and consequences of cellular senescence has provided novel insights into how cells react to stress, especially genotoxic stress, and how this cellular response can affect complex organismal processes such as the development of cancer and ageing. (nature.com)
Campisi, J. Cellular senescence as a tumor-suppressor mechanism. (nature.com)
Changes in cortical neurones included alterations in insulin and other signalling pathways, cell cycle, cellular senescence, inflammatory mediators, and components of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain. (biomedcentral.com)
There is accumulating evidence that when only a few telomeres are short, they form end-associations, leading to a DNA damage signal resulting in replicative senescence (a cellular growth arrest, also called the M1 stage). (elsevierpure.com)
In a rare M2 cell, telomerase (a cellular reverse transcriptase) can be reactivated or up-regulated, resulting in indefinite cell proliferation. (elsevierpure.com)
These molecules are able to oxidize cellular macromolecules and DNA, potentially resulting in damage and mutations to proteins and genes that usually manage cell growth, proliferation or apoptosis. (5dok.net)
Normally, p53 allows cells to sense and respond to cellular stress such as DNA damage or hypoxia (2). (novusbio.com)
p53 can control diverse transcriptional programs to regulate senescence and cell death programs as well as cellular metabolism (2). (novusbio.com)
p53 integrates a variety of signals and allows cells to respond in a manner that is highly dependent on cellular context (2). (novusbio.com)
p53 is a tumor suppressor and transcription factor that responds to cellular stress by activating the transcription of numerous genes involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and DNA repair. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Unlike normal cells, which have infrequent cause for p53 activation, tumor cells are under constant cellular stress from various insults including hypoxia and pro-apoptotic oncogene activation. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Cancer, aging and cellular senescence - Normal cells do not divide indefinitely due to a process termed cellular or replicative senescence. (chewdigest.com)
Despite the protection from cancer conveyed by cellular senescence and other mechanisms that suppress tumorigenesis, the development of cancer is almost inevitable as mammalian organisms age. (chewdigest.com)
Although the idea remains controversial, cellular senescence has also been proposed to contribute to organismal aging. (chewdigest.com)
Plasmid driven short hairpin RNA approach was employed to validate the role of HSP70-2 in cellular proliferation, senescence, migration, invasion and tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
Depletion of HSP70-2 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells resulted in a significant reduction in cellular growth, motility, onset of apoptosis, senescence, cell cycle arrest as well as reduction of tumor growth in the xenograft model. (biomedcentral.com)
We also report that HSP70-2 plays an important role in cellular growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and tumor growth of breast cancer xenograft. (biomedcentral.com)
This is the first demonstration that moderation of splicing factor levels is associated with reversal of cellular senescence in human primary fibroblasts. (beds.ac.uk)
Our biochemical and cellular analysis thus demonstrates that the GID/CTLH complex prevents cell cycle exit in G1, at least in part by degrading Hbp1. (elifesciences.org)
Cellular proteostasis involves the coordinated and compensatory action of pathways that control biogenesis, folding, trafficking and breakdown of proteins allowing the cell to adapt to physiological or pathological environmental changes. (elifesciences.org)
The fact that cycloheximide delays tepal senescence demonstrates the synthesis of particular proteins probably enzymes, responsible for degradation of cellular constituents, executes the cell death programme in flower tepals. (scialert.net)
Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular senescence, as it is normally repressed in postnatal somatic cells resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. (nih.gov)
Anti-cell death is a technique adopted by multi-cellular organisms as a defensive and developmental mechanism (Franklin-Tong and Gourlay, pg 390). (essaywriter.org)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
2021). The antiandrogen enzalutamide downregulates TMPRSS2 and reduces cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells . (essex.ac.uk)
At the cellular level, FXR activation resulted in down-regulation of procaspase -3, vimentin, and MMP9, which triggers apoptotic cell death, cell cycle arrest, and switch from mesenchymal to an epithelial phenotype. (edu.iq)
Notably, many lncRNAs dysregulation are associated with Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and affect various aspects of cellular homeostasis, including proliferation, survival, migration or genomic stability. (biomedcentral.com)

Cancer is the collective name for the group of diseases that results from aberrant cell growth and proliferation. (5dok.net)
Under growth permissive conditions, cells demonstrating restored splicing factor expression also demonstrated increased telomere length, re-entered cell cycle and resumed proliferation. (beds.ac.uk)
MTA thereby interferes with the proliferation and survival of replicating cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Deletions of multiple GID subunits compromise cell proliferation, and this defect is accompanied by deregulation of critical cell cycle markers such as the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor, phospho-Histone H3 and Cyclin A. We identify the negative regulator of pro-proliferative genes Hbp1 as a bonafide GID/CTLH proteolytic substrate. (elifesciences.org)
Our group found that the proliferation and differentiation ability of aged human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) was decreased whereas cell senescence was increased [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
They also found that downregulation of miR10a/10b in clonal cells interfered with cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis by activating the NF-κB-dependent p53 pathway [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Learn about the assays used to assess cell proliferation and the cell cycle. (abcam.com)
In addition, previous studies have shown that lysosomes may play important roles in cancer development and progression through the abovementioned biological processes and that the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes are closely related to cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and tumor-associated angiogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
We hypothesized that FXR and FMD may inhibit proliferation and the metastatic phenotype in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. (edu.iq)

Although the conventional activities of p53 such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are well accepted as the major checkpoints in stress responses, accumulating evidence implicates the importance of other tumor suppression mechanisms. (nature.com)
Is p53-dependent ferroptosis sufficient for tumor suppression in the absence of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis? (nature.com)
To date, various mechanisms have been suggested to explain the powerful tumor-suppressive effect of p53, including the induction of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. (nature.com)
induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. (cubebiosystems.com)
Two powerful tumour suppressor pathways, controlled by the p53 and retinoblastoma (pRB) proteins, are important for establishing and maintaining the senescence growth arrest. (nature.com)
p53 is a tumor suppressor that has a central role in regulating cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. (novusbio.com)
In support of this concept, some p53 WT tumors appear to exhibit reduced apoptotic capacity, although their capacity to undergo cell cycle arrest remains intact. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
In addition, we have examined the putative role of HSP70-2 in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in-vitro and in-vivo xenograft mouse model using gene silencing approach. (biomedcentral.com)
The DDR brings about temporal cell cycle arrest, when the degree of DNA harm is low, Docetaxel Microtubule Formation inhibitor so the cell can restore it. (smadsignaling.com)
Alternatively, the cells enter permanent cell cycle arrest, named senescence. (smadsignaling.com)
The mechanism of vincristine is the inhibition of microtubule dynamics that would cause mitotic arrest and eventual cell death. (smpdb.ca)
Progression from metaphase to anaphase is blocked and cells enter a state of mitotic arrest. (smpdb.ca)
Another possibility is cell death during mitotic arrest. (smpdb.ca)
Moreover, our study showed that INT 747 either alone or combined with FMD robustly induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase. (edu.iq)

A classic paper that describes the limited replicative lifespan of normal human cells. (nature.com)
We will argue that telomere shortening in the absence of other alterations may be a potent tumor suppressor mechanism and we will discuss the evidence for and against the major molecular mechanisms proposed to initiate replicative senescence. (elsevierpure.com)
Several lines of evidence suggest that replicative senescence evolved to protect higher eukaryotes, particularly mammals, from developing cancer. (chewdigest.com)
Replicative senescence occurs because, owing to the biochemistry of DNA replication, cells acquire one or more critically short telomere. (chewdigest.com)
Accordingly we developed a novel panel of small molecules based on resveratrol, previously suggested to alter mRNA splicing, to determine whether altered splicing factor expression had potential to influence features of replicative senescence. (beds.ac.uk)

The mechanisms involve the proteins and DNA sequences inside cells. (wikipedia.org)
As these cells with limited functions are inefficient in performing body activities, they are programmed to self demolition under the presence of apoptotic signals, such as caspase proteins and Bcl-2 family regulation proteins. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to its role as a transcription factor, p53 functions in the cytoplasm to regulate the activity of apoptotic pathway proteins such as BAX, BAK , and BCL-2 (2). (novusbio.com)
Although the mechanisms are still unclear, p53 is thought to regulate these apoptotic proteins through direct interaction (2). (novusbio.com)
Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Based on observations that in addition to driving growth and transformation, activated K-Ras was also powerfully pro-apoptotic, we used an in silico approach to identify potential novel Ras binding proteins that might mediate the growth inhibitory properties of Ras. (louisville.edu)
These pathways link RASSF proteins into the control of motility, genetic stability, apoptosis, the cell cycle, regulation of protein stability, senescence and DNA repair. (louisville.edu)
mRNA and protein expression comparison We calculated the fold transform in level of mRNAs and proteins transcripts in CD30hi cells in comparison to CD30lo cells in semi quantitative method. (smadsignaling.com)
Furthermore, C3G regulated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway-associated proteins, such as proteins belonging to the Bcl-2 family, cytochrome c and caspase-3. (spandidos-publications.com)

Functional pathway enrichment analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that the most enriched signaling pathways in aged mice lungs are involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis, senescence, development, oxidative stress, and inflammation. (aging-us.com)
In this study, we examined the cytoprotective effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) isolated from mulberry fruit against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
The MIN6 pancreatic β-cells were used to investigate the cytoprotective effects of C3G on the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Taken together, our results suggest that C3G isolated from mulberry fruit has potential for use as a phytotherapeutic agent for the prevention of diabetes by preventing oxidative stress-induced β-cell apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Recent studies have demonstrated that antioxidants present in natural products protect cells by reducing H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Senescent cells elicit their fibrogenic actions primarily by secreting an assortment of inflammatory and profibrotic factors known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). (frontiersin.org)
According to recent data, Ras-transformed cells require autophagy to survive and maintain malignant phenotype [ 5 - 10 ]. (aging-us.com)
Recent findings suggest that certain types of DNA damage and inappropriate mitogenic signals can also cause cells to adopt a senescent phenotype. (chewdigest.com)
Thus, cells respond to a number of potentially oncogenic stimuli by adopting a senescent phenotype. (chewdigest.com)
Interestingly, a cell population was identified that displayed an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and which had a stem cell phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)

At molecular level, down-regulation of HSP70-2 resulted in reduced expression of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases, anti-apoptotic molecules and mesenchymal markers and enhanced expression of CDK inhibitors, caspases, pro-apoptotic molecules and epithelial markers. (biomedcentral.com)
This results in decreased anti-apoptotic activity. (smpdb.ca)

Increasing evidence indicates that senescent cells could be a promising new target for therapeutic intervention known as senotherapy, which includes depleting senescent cells, modulating SASP and restoration of senescence inhibitors. (frontiersin.org)
We also highlight potential options of targeting senescent cells for the treatment of CKD. (frontiersin.org)
We also highlight potential options for targeting senescent cells in developing therapeutics for CKD patients. (frontiersin.org)
Senescent ERas cells do not develop cytoprotective autophagy upon inhibition of MEK/ERK pathway due to spatial dissociation of lysosomes and autophagosomes in the senescent cells. (aging-us.com)
Senescent cells are unable to form the autophagolysosomes and to remove the damaged mitochondria resulting in apoptotic death. (aging-us.com)
Our data show that suppression of MEK/ERK pathway in senescent cells provides a new strategy for elimination of Ras-expressing cells. (aging-us.com)
Figure 5: Potential deleterious effects of senescent cells. (nature.com)
Senescent cells have recently been shown to accumulate with age in human tissues. (chewdigest.com)
One possibility is that the tissue microenvironment is disrupted by the accumulation of dysfunctional senescent cells. (chewdigest.com)
Thus, mutation accumulation may synergize with the accumulation of senescent cells, leading to increasing risk for developing cancer that is a hallmark of mammalian aging. (chewdigest.com)
The accumulation of senescent cells also occurs in vivo with advancing age and causes much degenerative age-related pathology. (beds.ac.uk)
Splicing factor expression is known to be dysregulated in senescent cells of multiple lineages [ 2 ] and it is now well established that the accumulation of senescent cells is a direct cause of multiple aspects of both ageing and age-related disease in mammals [ 18 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
Senescent cells accumulate progressively through life in a variety of mammalian species [ 15 ], and premature senescence is a hallmark of many human progeroid syndromes. (beds.ac.uk)

We demonstrated previously that miR-10a is significantly decreased in aged hBM-MSCs and restoration of the miR-10a level attenuated cell senescence and increased the differentiation capacity of aged hBM-MSCs by repressing Krüpple-like factor 4 (KLF4). (biomedcentral.com)
We also found that miR-10a increased differentiation and decrease senescence in old hBM-MSCs through the target gene Krüpple-like factor 4 (KLF4) [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, other studies have suggested that miR-10a may have additional effects other than regulating cell senescence and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, gene activity is an important mechanism in embryonic development and adult stem cell differentiation. (edu.au)

In mammalian organisms, cells that express markers of senescence have been shown to accumulate with age and at sites of certain age-related pathologies. (nature.com)

Sager, R. Senescence as a mode of tumor suppression. (nature.com)

Therefore, telomeres act as the buffer for cells to continue dividing and when telomeres are worn out, cells lose their dividing function. (wikipedia.org)
Telomeres progressively shorten in almost all dividing cells and most human cells do not express or maintain sufficient telomerase activity to fully maintain telomeres. (elsevierpure.com)
In the absence of cell-cycle checkpoint pathways (e.g. p53 and or p16/Rb), cells bypass M1 senescence and telomeres continue to shorten eventually resulting in crisis (also called the M2 stage). (elsevierpure.com)
Wright, Woodring E. / Senescence and immortalization : Role of telomeres and telomerase . (elsevierpure.com)

However, the activation of AMPK-dependent autophagy overcomes pro-apoptotic effects of MEK/ERK inhibitor and results in restoration of the mitochondria and rescue of viability. (aging-us.com)
There was also no translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the nucleus in apoptotic keratinocytes, indicating Tan IIA-induced apoptosis occurs mainly through the caspase pathway. (hindawi.com)
However, the excessive generation of ROS, such as super oxide anions (O 2 − ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) due to environmental stress results in significant oxidative damage to cell structures, such as DNA, the mitochondria and cell membranes ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

TERT promoter mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and prognostic significance. (nih.gov)
An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
Cancer Lett, 300:215-224.doi:10.1016/j. squamous cell carcinoma in north-eastern Iran. (who.int)

Certain mechanisms are present to prevent cells from indefinite division, which is mostly done by programmed failure in DNA synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Cancer cells exploit a variety of protective mechanisms that allow them to acquire selective advantage and proliferate under unfavorable conditions. (aging-us.com)
One of the mechanisms of high basal autophagy activity in cancer Ras-expressing cells might be associated with high PP2A phosphatase activity targeting directly ULK1-Ser757 that could explain apparent contradiction: maintenance of high mTORC1 functions and high autophagic activity simultaneously [ 22 ]. (aging-us.com)
The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
This review expounds the up- or down-regulation of lncRNAs in OSCC and the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs perform their function in the malignant cell. (biomedcentral.com)

Normally, an inflammatory response provides a protective effect to the endothelium but if prolonged (over months) it can exhaust this protective inflammatory effect, as a result, endothelial cells may become senescent or apoptotic, leading to endothelial dysfunction (Deanfield et al. (aopwiki.org)
These findings reveal differential expression profiles of genes and miRNAs affecting cell survival and the inflammatory response during lung aging. (aging-us.com)
Cigarette smoke exerts inflammatory and suppressive effects on immune cells, alters mucosal immunity and promotes autoimmunity, resulting in oral cancers [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Once activated, p53 coordinates multiple downstream pathways, thereby maintaining the homeostasis of the host cell or organism (if the stress is mild, transient, and repairable) or eliminating damaged cells (if the stress is acute, prolonged, and difficult to resist). (nature.com)
These pathways respond to somewhat different stimuli but interact and cooperate to control the senescence response. (nature.com)
Figure 4: Senescence controlled by the p53 and p16-pRB pathways. (nature.com)
Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
The main aim of this paper is to review the pathways that lead to cell death in plants with a purpose of identifying the anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
Using the miRNet database we identified TNFα, mTOR, TGFβ, WNT, FoxO, Apoptosis, Cell cycle, and p53 signaling pathways as the potential targets of several of the dysregulated miRNAs supporting that old lungs have increased susceptibility for apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. (aging-us.com)

The initiation and development of tumor cell is accompanied by elevated stresses, such as oncogene activation, DNA damage, genome instability, and reprogrammed tumor metabolism. (nature.com)

Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. (cubebiosystems.com)
regardless, cancer cells regulate their ROS levels rigorously as high levels may also be toxic to them. (5dok.net)
Aging is one of the key factors that regulate the function of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and related changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression. (biomedcentral.com)
The dominant discovery in these experiments indicates that there is a heterologous expression of certain genes in plants that can regulate cell death. (essaywriter.org)

Despite a large number of promising inhibitors for Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, recent works show that cancer cells often develop an autophagy-dependent resistance to inhibitors of Ras pathway [ 16 ]. (aging-us.com)
The interactions between proteases and their inhibitors have been linked to modulation of cell death processes in plants and in certain cut flowers. (scialert.net)
Co-Treatment of Prostate Cancer Cells with Mscs Expressing Trail and Iap Inhibitors Reduce Trail Resistance and Production of Trail-Induced Cytokines. (essex.ac.uk)

Although localized disease can be treated by surgery alone, the standard therapy for patients with metastatic disease usually comprises intensive induction chemotherapy, local surgery and myeloablative chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant, external radiotherapy and retinoic acid treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, a subpopulation of therapy resistant cells with EMT and cancer stem cell features was identified that was resistant to the standard treatment regimen but sensitive to pemetrexed pretreatment combined with cisplatin. (biomedcentral.com)
In vivo, transplantation of miR-10a-overexpressed aged hBM-MSCs promoted implanted stem cell survival and improved cardiac function after MI. (biomedcentral.com)
The age of stem cell donors might significantly impact the recipient's endogenous responses [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Effective methods to rejuvenate aged hBM-MSCs to improve their regenerative capability may be required to maximize the beneficial effects of stem cell therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Since human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-platelet products can be supplied independently from the donor, it is expected to complement current platelet products. (biomedcentral.com)
We are currently investigating the function of chromatin modifiers during embryonic development, in adult stem cell populations and in cancer, and modelling chromatin-based intellectual disability to discover ameliorating treatments. (edu.au)

By adapting the above mechanism, cells are prevented from over dividing. (wikipedia.org)
Some other cells do not have the mechanism of cell cycle withdrawal because they don't even contain the function of cell division. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
These findings suggest that the senescence response is a fail-safe mechanism that protects cells from tumorigenic transformation. (chewdigest.com)
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of pretreatment with different concentrations of Cycloheximide (CHI) before transfer to Distilled Water (DW) or Sucrose (0.15 M) on senescence with the ultimate aim to gain an insight into the mechanism of senescence and to improve its postharvest performance. (scialert.net)
Primarily, the aim of anti-cell death in animals is to describe the processes of autophagy and apoptosis, while necrosis is the mechanism for defining the uncontrollable or chaotic mode of death. (essaywriter.org)
Studies have shown that the elusive molecular mechanism of Ser46 phosphorylation of p53 induce apoptosis in the tumor cells, which makes the molecular mechanism a potential target for cancer therapy. (samplefellow.com)

While developmental senescence and acute senescence may positively contribute to the fine-tuning of embryogenesis and injury repair, chronic senescence, when unresolved promptly, plays a crucial role in kidney fibrogenesis and CKD progression. (frontiersin.org)
Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. (cubebiosystems.com)

Hayflick, L. The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains. (nature.com)
We investigated the effects of various concentrations of Tan IIA (5-10 μ g/mL) on mouse keratinocytes and human HaCat cells in vitro to confirm this hypothesis. (hindawi.com)
Indeed, Hbp1 accumulates in cells lacking GID/CTLH activity, and Hbp1 physically interacts and is ubiquitinated in vitro by reconstituted GID/CTLH complexes. (elifesciences.org)
The hypoxia-induced apoptosis, cell survival, and cell paracrine function of aged hBM-MSCs were investigated in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Through lentivirus-mediated upregulation of miR-10a and downregulation of KLF4 in aged hBM-MSCs in vitro, we revealed that miR-10a decreased hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis and increased cell survival of aged hBM-MSCs by repressing the KLF4-BAX/BCL2 pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparative potency of obeticholic acid and natural bile acids on FXR in hepatic and intestinal in vitro cell models. (edu.iq)

912, 2202, and 1227 genes were significantly differentially expressed between cases with self-reported T2D and controls in neurones, astrocytes, and endothelial cells respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
The t(1;3) breakpoint-spanning genes LSAMP and NORE1 are involved in clear cell renal cell carcinomas. (louisville.edu)
Therefore, there is need for fundamental distinction between the different types and functions of genes that are involved in anti-cell death in plants. (essaywriter.org)
At the end of the discussion, significant insights will be developed to paint a picture of the emerging trends in plant development with respect to the topical research on anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
Transcriptional activity is regulated by DNA binding transcription factors, but these typically act in more than one cell lineage activating different subsets of target genes in each. (edu.au)

We hypothesized that prolonged pretreatment with pemetrexed could be beneficial, as prior depletion of nucleotide pools could sensitize cancer cells to subsequent treatment with cisplatin. (biomedcentral.com)

Further, we studied the effect of HSP70-2 protein ablation on signaling cascades involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition both in culture as well as in-vivo human breast xenograft mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
We identified the RASSF1 gene and showed that its protein served as a K-Ras apoptotic effector that was frequently down-regulated in primary tumors. (louisville.edu)
for proteomics data, fold change was calculated by taking the ratio of imply sum of XCorr of that protein in CD30hi to CD30lo cells. (smadsignaling.com)
Tumor protein p53, a nuclear protein, plays an essential role in the regulation of cell cycle, specifically in the transition from G0 to G1. (affbiotech.cn)

Cell cycle distribution and phosphorylation of histone variant H2AX as a surrogate marker for DNA damage was quantified by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
The phosphorylation dephosphor ylation cycles adhere to from the M2K and MK layers along with the cascade delivers its ultimate output MK. (smadsignaling.com)

Therefore, the protection of pancreatic β-cells is crucial for preventing the onset of type 1 diabetes. (spandidos-publications.com)

Our results revealed that H2O2 increased the rate of apoptosis by stimulating various pro-apoptotic processes, such as the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation. (spandidos-publications.com)

The diverse cell types are genetically identical, but differ in their form and function due to differences in gene expression. (edu.au)
The p53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene that is activated whenever a cell is subjected to cell damage. (samplefellow.com)
The p53 gene determines whether a cell should survive a damage or should undergo apoptosis. (samplefellow.com)

Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) plays an important role in cancer cells survival upon various conditions of intra- and extracellular stress. (aging-us.com)
In presence of DNA damage, the tumour suppressor p53 plays a crucial purpose inside the selection among survival and death of your cell. (smadsignaling.com)
The mouse cardiac function of cardiac angiogenesis was measured and cell survival of aged hBM-MSCs was investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)
In this study, INT 747 treatment caused apoptotic morphological changes and significantly reduced the survival of PC-3 cells incubated in normal mediums. (edu.iq)
Collectively, FXR activation alone markedly decreases, and when combined with FMD abrogates the survival and carcinogenic potential of metastatic prostate cancer cells. (edu.iq)

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors of childhood, arising from immature sympathetic nervous system cells. (biomedcentral.com)
NBs belong to the subgroup of small round blue cell tumors and can often pose a challenge to the pathologist because of their similarities with lymphomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, the Ewing family of tumors and desmoplastic round cell tumors. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
After irradiation, we performed cell counting, MTT assay, flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle, immunocytofluorescence of γ-H2AX and Hoechst 33258, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay to identify differential effects. (bioone.org)
Cell viability was examined by MTT assay and lipid peroxidation was assayed by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)

Learn about cell viability assays. (abcam.com)
Analyses of the cell viability, cell cycle, migration, and matrigel invasion assays were performed to elucidate how INT 747 and /or FMD functions in prostate cancer. (edu.iq)
Embryo morphology al ows options, the discovery of cell-free DNA in the evaluation of its growth, viability, and biological fluids has led to major advances in implantation capacity. (who.int)

I am especially interested in the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in this process. (essex.ac.uk)

Among these unconventional activities, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, termed ferroptosis, attracts great interest. (nature.com)
It can further allow these cells to stop their functions and differentiations to undergo a programmed cell death process called apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
The successful strategy based on the activation of cell death in Ras-expressing cells is associated with the suppression of kinases involved in Ras pathway. (aging-us.com)
Cells continually experience stress and damage from exogenous and endogenous sources, and their responses range from complete recovery to cell death. (nature.com)
Cancer is the result of aberrant regulation of growth and death in cells. (5dok.net)
Alternatively, mitotic catastrophe may occur and cause cell death. (smpdb.ca)
The term anti-cell death is used extensively to describe the observed instances of death in plants. (essaywriter.org)
Evidently, it has been established from the above outline that cell death plays a pivotal role in the innate responses in both animals and plants. (essaywriter.org)
Additionally, this discussion expands its mandate by analyzing the function and regulation of anti-cell death in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
Using relevant sources of literature, the paper delivers a systematic analysis of fascinating analogies between cell death and plant development with respect to the primary functions of cell death as stipulated in the introductory outline of the discussion. (essaywriter.org)
There have been several attempts to analyze the concept of cell death in plants since the experimental demonstrations in studies conducted in the 1980s and the 1990s with the aim of dissecting the programmed nature of plant cell death (Xinqiang and Hong, pg 354). (essaywriter.org)
Since this discovery, the field of plant programmed cell death has continued to grow, with maturity depicted in studies aimed at distinguishing the roles of plant cell deaths in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
Majority of the literature and experiments in the field of programmed cell death in plants draw heavily on comparative analysis retrieved from paradigms of animal systems such as apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
Despite this, there are adaptive characteristics and distinctive features that that distinguish the lifestyle of plants from those of animals, hence the adoption of only distantly related components in revealing the genetic regulations of plant cell death. (essaywriter.org)
Cell death refers to a series of events that culminate in the organized and controlled destruction of the cell. (essaywriter.org)
In plants, cell death is a fundamental process, as it plays the roles of controlling the elimination of cells during plant development and defense in the form of hypersensitive response. (essaywriter.org)
The activation of cell death by plants is dependent on the decision by the plant cells based on information that these cells receive from different sources, such as the environment . (essaywriter.org)
However, C3G reduced the H2O2-induced cell death in the MIN6N pancreatic β-cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Interestingly, the combination treatment on PC-3 cells not only showed several lines of evidence of apoptotic cells death but also inhibited carcinogenic potential as evaluated by impairment of spheroid formation capacity and delayed wound healing and matrigel invasion. (edu.iq)

In response to severe DNA damage, cells undergo apoptosis to prevent transformation into over here tumour cells. (smadsignaling.com)
These cells may continue progressing through the cell cycle as tetraploid cells (Adaptation I), may exit G1 phase and undergo apoptosis or senescence (Adaption II), or may escape to G1 and undergo apoptosis during interphase (Adaptation III). (smpdb.ca)

LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seem to have to effect on cell-cycle regulation. (cubebiosystems.com)

Unlike apoptosis, senescence is a state of which cells are still alive and metabolically active. (frontiersin.org)

Alternatively, it may exit the cell cycle without undergoing cell division, a process termed mitotic slippage or adaptation. (smpdb.ca)

M2 is characterized by many 'uncapped' chromosome ends, end-fusions, chromosome breakage fusion-bridge cycles, mitotic catastrophe and a high fraction of apoptotic cells. (elsevierpure.com)

In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic changes in cortical neurones, and associated astrocytes and endothelial cells of the neurovascular unit, in the ageing brain. (biomedcentral.com)
Neurone, astrocyte, and endothelial cell-enriched mRNA, obtained by immuno-laser capture microdissection of temporal cortex (Brodmann area 21/22) from 6 cases with self-reported T2D in the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study neuropathology cohort, and an equal number of age and sex-matched controls, was assessed by microarray analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Impaired insulin signalling was shared by neurovascular unit cells with, additionally, apoptotic pathway changes in astrocytes and dysregulation of advanced glycation end-product signalling in endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Many stimuli elicit a senescence response. (nature.com)

References 2 and 3 describe the characteristics of cancer cells and the importance of mutations in cancer development. (nature.com)
However in all cases for cancer to develop, the cells have to acquire mutations that allow growth--‐regulation bypass and apoptosis evasion, both of which are normally under strict supervision. (5dok.net)
Certainly, aging predisposes cells to accumulate mutations, several of which are necessary before malignant transformation occurs, particularly in humans. (chewdigest.com)

This rescue was independent of cell cycle traverse and also independent of SIRT1, SASP modulation or senolysis. (beds.ac.uk)

Their cell lineage-specific effects are governed by chromatin structure. (edu.au)

As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)

Efflux pumps are capable of moving a variety of different toxic compounds out of cells, such as antibiotics, heavy metals, organic pollutants, plant-produced compounds, quorum sensing signals, bacterial metabolites and neurotransmitters via active efflux, which is vital part for xenobiotic metabolism. (chewdigest.com)

During the process, all cell duplication process, including mitosis, meiosis as well as DNA replication, will be paused. (wikipedia.org)
The permanent cell cycle withdrawal is mainly done by the wearing off of DNA sequences during S Phase, the second stage during a DNA replication progress. (wikipedia.org)

Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)

There are several significance with regards to the withdrawal of cell cycle, one of which is to prevent unlimited cell division in somatic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in oncogenesis. (nih.gov)

The process also enables cells to proceed to senescence, which are further stages of cell life and growth. (wikipedia.org)
This is to ensure that these cells continue dividing for body growth or reproduction. (wikipedia.org)
The stoppage of exponential growth in cells also avoids cell growth diseases, such as tumours or cancer, from occurring in organism bodies. (wikipedia.org)
Specifically, cancerous cells are characterized by an enhanced rate of growth, loss of function and the potential to invade healthy tissue. (5dok.net)
Cell growth and colony formation as well as senescence induction were quantified after treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Prolonged pemetrexed pretreatment for 48 h prior to cisplatin treatment maximally delayed long-term cell growth and significantly reduced the number of recovering clones. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)
however, AREG has dual functions as a cell growth inhibitor as well as a cell growth proliferator. (samplefellow.com)

Studies indicate that there are diverse plant developmental systems and a consortium of plant cell culture models being analyzed by different research centers. (essaywriter.org)

Anatomy29

Organisms10

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes77

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Cellular39

Proliferation9

Arrest14

Replicative5

Proteins9

Oxidative stress5

Phenotype5

Anti-apoptotic2

Senescent cells13

Differentiation4

Shown to accumulate with age1

Tumor suppression1

Telomeres4

Mitochondria3

Squamous cell carc4

Mechanisms6

Inflammatory3

Pathways6

Oncogene activation1

Regulate4

Inhibitors3

Stem cell7

Mechanism7

Progression2

Vitro6

Genes5

Depletion1

Protein4

Phosphorylation2

Onset1

Caspase1

Gene3

Survival6

Tumors2

Assay3

Viability3

Mesenchymal stem1

Death19

Undergo apoptosis2

Transcriptional1

Unlike1

Process termed1

Mitotic1

Endothelial3

Elicit1

Mutations3

SASP1

Chromatin1

MiRNAs1

Signals1

Replication2

Processes1

Somatic cells2

Growth9

Developmental1