Semisynthetic resistant penicillin resistance. Medical search. Frequent questions

[ 4 ] Nonsevere cases of cellulitis may be treated empirically with semisynthetic penicillins, first- or second-generation oral cephalosporins, macrolides, or clindamycin. (medscape.com)
History of a serious hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis or Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for oral suspension or to other beta-lactams (e.g., penicillins or cephalosporins). (nih.gov)
Some support the use of cephalosporins instead of penicillin as first-line therapy for GAS. (medscape.com)
[ 31 ] Cephalosporins should be considered first-line therapy if the patient has a history of recent antibiotic usage, recurrent pharyngitis infection, or if a high failure rate of penicillin is documented in the community. (medscape.com)
Combination segment is further categorized into penicillin/beta lactamase inhibitors, cephalosporins/beta lactamase inhibitors, and carbapenems/beta lactamase inhibitors. (pharmiweb.com)
Clavulanic acid has a beta-lactam structure similar to that of penicillins, and also has the ability to inactivate beta-lactamase enzymes produced by penicillins and cephalosporins resistant microorganisms. (uppmd.org)
Clavulanic acid protects amoxicillin from decay by the action of beta-lactamase enzymes and expands the antibacterial action of amoxicillin, including many microorganisms resistant to amoxicillin and other penicillins and cephalosporins. (uppmd.org)
Cephalosporins are used to treat skin infections, meningitis and other bacterial-resistant infections. (starhealth.in)
During taking Cipro there is no parallel development of resistance to other antibiotics, which do not belong to group of inhibitors of a gyrase that does it highly effective in relation to bacteria which can be steady, for example to aminoglycosides, penicillin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines and many other antibiotics. (clickmypills.com)
Nowadays, antibiotics of organic origin (like aminoglycosides), synthetic origin (e.g. quinolones) and semisynthetic origin (for example, cephalosporins) are used all together. (bio-japan.net)
Cephalosporins should be given with caution to penicillin-sensitive patients, as there is some evidence of partial cross-allergenicity between the penicillins and the cephalosporins. (medthority.com)
Before instituting therapy with cefalexin, every effort should be made to determine whether the patient has had previous hypersensitivity reactions to the cephalosporins, penicillins or other drugs. (medthority.com)
There is some clinical and laboratory evidence of partial cross-allergenicity of the penicillins and cephalosporins. (medthority.com)
Pseudomembranous colitis has been reported with virtually all broad-spectrum antibiotics, including macrolides, semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins. (medthority.com)
Four-membered cyclic AMIDES, best known for the PENICILLINS based on a bicyclo-thiazolidine, as well as the CEPHALOSPORINS based on a bicyclo-thiazine, and including monocyclic MONOBACTAMS. (lookformedical.com)

In time some bacterial strains developed resistance to these antibiotics, such as the MRSA (for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). (wikipedia.org)
Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics occurs in the presence of cells containing plasmid encoded extended spectrum β-lactamases or ESBLs. (goldbio.com)
Over time and with the increase in the use of antibiotics, Staphylococcus aureus developed a resistance to several commonly used antibiotics, including semi-synthetic penicillin such as methicillin. (nrbhss.ca)
Community-Acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) is distinguished from hospital-acquired MRSA by its profile of resistance to antibiotics, by the types of infection involved (cellulitis, abscess) and by the target populations (without prior hospitalization). (nrbhss.ca)
VRE are enterococci that have developed a resistance to several antibiotics, including vancomycin. (nrbhss.ca)
The present study was thus aimed to rejuvenate the penicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid among the resistant antibiotics supplemented by Lychee Honey as a natural agent. (blogspot.com)
The preceding decades have observed a dramatic global increase in human pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to one or multiple antibiotics [ 1 ]. (blogspot.com)
This antimicrobial resistance crisis is ascribed to many factors like overuse or misuse of conventional antibiotics, lack of preventive measures in healthcare system, desiderate of new drug development by pharmaceutical industries which would provide the novel treatment options and alternative antibiotic therapies [ 1 , 3 , 4 ]. (blogspot.com)
Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN ) refers to a group of beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive , organisms. (wikidoc.org)
Generic Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) is a medication from to the group of penicillin antibiotics. (uppmd.org)
In particular, it has a pronounced activity against clinically important plasmid beta-lactamases, which are often responsible for the occurrence of cross-resistance to antibiotics. (uppmd.org)
Sometimes, the term antibiotic -literally "opposing life", from the Greek roots ἀντι anti , "against" and βίος bios , "life"-is broadly used to refer to any substance used against microbes, but in the usual medical usage, antibiotics (such as penicillin) are those produced naturally (by one microorganism fighting another), whereas non-antibiotic antibacterials (such as sulfonamides and antiseptics) are fully synthetic. (worldsbest.rehab)
However, the effectiveness and easy access to antibiotics have also led to their overuse and some bacteria have evolved resistance to them. (worldsbest.rehab)
The sensitivity test by E-test®of the five antibiotics (penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin) was done to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). (biomedcentral.com)
Penicillin and macrolide are groups of empirical antibiotics used to eradicate toxigenic C. diphtheriae based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for the treatment of diphtheria [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, antibiotics administered to humans and animals, and resistant bacteria selected from these hosts, have been widely disseminated in the environment. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
This diagram presents the main bacterial targets of antibiotics and the primary mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
A figure alerts researchers to the consequences of the risk of antibiotic resistance on public health: 42.3 billion daily doses of antibiotics were consumed worldwide in 2015. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
Antimicrobial resistance is defined as the ability of certain bacteria to resist the action of one or more antibiotics . (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
Figure 1 schematically presents the targets of antibiotics and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to these molecules. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
Enterococci impart resistance to antibiotics in a variety of ways. (uspharmacist.com)
One of the most important problems of modern medicine is growing bacteria resistance to antibiotics. (bio-japan.net)
Remember that antibiotics should not be abused, as this leads to the development of resistant bacterial strains. (bio-japan.net)
The first commercially available antibiotics were developed in the 1930s, starting with the sulfonamides in 1932 and exploded later with the discovery of penicillin in 1942. (goldbio.com)
Mark H. Beers, United States Pseudomonas aeruginosa easily becomes resistant to antibiotics. (krafty.hu)
Since the discovery of penicillin, numerous additional antibiotics have been identiﬁed in bacteria and fungi, while others have been synthesized with improved eﬀectiveness and safety. (docslib.org)
However, the exhaustive use of antibiotics and antifungal drugs has led to the emergence of drug resistance over time, thereby negating their eﬃcacy. (docslib.org)
When tested by in vitro methods, staphylococci exhibit cross-resistance between cefalexin and methicillin-type antibiotics. (medthority.com)
True antibiotics are based on substances extracted from microorganisms or obtained by semisynthetic method, and thus differ in mechanism of action on both microflora and human body. (uppmd.org)
In addition, the same type of bacteria often has strains resistant to certain antibiotics, and first of all to «proven» ones, for a long time popular among self-medicators. (uppmd.org)
Actually, with each passing year more and more new strains appear, that are resistant to certain antibiotics, primarily due to irrational use of these drugs - without cover by other means, without accurate analysis of pathogen resistance, without individual dosage selection and, of course, without doctor's supervision. (uppmd.org)
Licorice constituents reduce or reverse drug resistance in MRSA when combined with beta-lactam antibiotics. (interactionsguide.com)

[ 13 ] In cases of clinical treatment failure of GAS pharyngitis after penicillin therapy, a cephalosporin or broader-spectrum penicillin (ampicillin-sulbactam) should be considered, but these instances are rare. (medscape.com)
Patients should only be treated with a macrolide if a penicillin or cephalosporin type drug is not an option. (medscape.com)
Cefotaxime is a semisynthetic cephalosporin taken parenterally. (mcmaster.ca)
First-generation semisynthetic cephalosporin that arrests bacterial cell wall synthesis, inhibiting bacterial growth. (medscape.com)
Cefdinir capsules contain the active ingredient cefdinir, an extended-spectrum, semisynthetic cephalosporin, for oral administration. (prescriptiondrugs.com)

Piperacillin, a broad spectrum, semi-synthetic penicillin active against many gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, exerts bactericidal activity by inhibition of both septum and cell wall synthesis. (com.bd)
Non-susceptibility of a microbe to the action of METHICILLIN, a semi-synthetic penicillin derivative. (uams.edu)
Ampicillin - Semi-synthetic penicillin, which has a wide range of effects and exhibits bactericidal effect. (clickmypills.com)

The discovery of penicillin is usually attributed to Scottish scientist Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928, though others had earlier noted the antibacterial effects of Penicillium . (wikidoc.org)
Since the discovery of penicillin in 1928, pharmacology has come a long way to producing antibacterial medication from the different recourses. (bio-japan.net)

With the introduction of semisynthetic antistaphylococcal penicillins, the first of which was methicillin in 1959, the second wave of resistance emerged with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). (cdc.gov)
Treatment of methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA) bacteremia with cefazolin has been shown to improve survival rates and decrease toxicity in comparison to antistaphylococcal penicillins. (medscape.com)

In the United States, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with the USA300 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type causes most community-associated MRSA infections and is an increasingly common cause of health care-associated MRSA infections. (cdc.gov)
Note that management of cellulitis may be complicated because of the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and macrolide- or erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes . (medscape.com)
This cellulitis was caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). (medscape.com)
Due to their relevance and increasing frequency, infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were also included, more specifically abscesses, furuncle, and carbuncle, and their potential etiologies by MRSA. (anaisdedermatologia.org.br)
1-3 However, for greater clarity and considering the prevalence of these conditions, the study adopts the classic terminology of NF and Fournier gangrene, and includes ecthyma gangrenosum (EG) and cutaneous infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with emphasis on furunculosis and abscesses. (anaisdedermatologia.org.br)
Methicillin Resistance" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uams.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Methicillin Resistance" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Methicillin Resistance" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uams.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Methicillin Resistance" by people in Profiles over the past ten years. (uams.edu)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has also been reported as a cause. (msdmanuals.com)

[ 4 ] Of the strains of S pyogenes resistant to macrolides, 99.5% seem to remain susceptible to clindamycin and 100% to penicillin. (medscape.com)

In the occasional patient with recurrent disease usually related to venous or lymphatic obstruction, the cellulitis is most often due to Streptococcus species, and penicillin G or amoxicillin (250 mg bid) or erythromycin (250 mg qd or bid) may be effective. (medscape.com)
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets, USP and other antibacterial drugs, amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets, USP should be used only to treat infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. (nih.gov)
Jan 12, · Amoxicillin is a penicillin antibiotic that fights bacteria. (krafty.hu)
A használati utasítás szerint az "Amoxicillin" szuszpenzióban penicillin antibiotikum. (krafty.hu)
Apr 14, · Clavulanate potassium is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that helps prevent certain bacteria from becoming resistant to amoxicillin. (krafty.hu)

On the contrary, discovery of advanced prospect molecules and novel combination therapies to treat antibiotic-resistant microbial infections are expected to offer significant profitable opportunities for the market players. (pharmiweb.com)
A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. (lookformedical.com)
Piperacillin is an extended-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic resistant to many β-lactamases. (goldbio.com)

Microorganisms can initially be resistant to the action of an antibiotic or acquire resistance to it. (onlinepharmaciesnoprescription.com)
The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. (lookformedical.com)
Microorganisms have close cross-resistance to doxycycline, tetracycline and oxytetracycline . (ballyabio.com)

However, the bacterial species have developed a resistance to tetracyclines, according to data published in an NCBI article. (starhealth.in)

Clindamycin or a macrolide (clarithromycin or azithromycin) are reasonable alternatives in patients who are allergic to penicillin. (medscape.com)

Most strains of enterococci (Streptococcus faecalis) and a few strains of staphylococci are resistant to cefalexin. (medthority.com)

Role of the msaABCR Operon in Cell Wall Biosynthesis, Autolysis, Integrity, and Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. (uams.edu)

At that time, new strains of MRSA predominantly belonging to 5 clonal clusters (CC) (designated with MLST as CC8, CC22, CC5, CC45, and CC30) emerged worldwide, causing the third wave of resistance in S. aureus that continued into the 21st century ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Beginning in the late 1990s, new strain types of non-multidrug-resistant MRSA began to circulate outside the health care setting in the United States, a phenomenon seen even earlier in Australia ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Unfortunately, for patients with cellulitis surrounding abscess formation, 50% of MRSA strains also have inducible or constitutive clindamycin resistance. (medscape.com)
Historically, isolates resistant to oxacillin (commonly referred to as MRSA) were resistant to most agents other than vancomycin, but these isolates were limited to nosocomial infections. (medscape.com)

Levofloxacin may also represent an alternative, but the prevalence of resistant strains has increased, and additional toxicity associated with fluoroquinolones has been recognized. (medscape.com)
In some bacterial species, these antimicrobial resistance mechanisms are stable and affect most strains: we speak of natural antimicrobial resistance. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
On the contrary, acquired antibiotic resistance occurs when certain strains of a bacterial species usually susceptible to an antibiotic acquire a genetic mechanism of resistance to it. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria , including many multiresistant strains. (lookformedical.com)

It has been shown to exhibit significant bactericidal activity against penicillin G-resistant staphylococci . (goldbio.com)
In 1939, Australian scientist Howard Walter Florey and a team of researchers ( Ernst Boris Chain , A. D. Gardner , Norman Heatley, M. Jennings, J. Orr-Ewing and G. Sanders) at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford made significant progress in showing the in vivo bactericidal action of penicillin. (wikidoc.org)

The phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens is occurring worldwide which is causing serious consequences on the treatment of microbial diseases. (blogspot.com)
The identification of patients with CAP at high risk for resistant pathogens is of outstanding clinical interest due to the worse outcome of these patients. (mdpi.com)
However, the HCAP classification and the scores proposed in literature to identify resistant pathogens in CAP are overly sensitive, leading to inappropriately broad-spectrum antibiotic use. (mdpi.com)
Furthermore, new antibacterial natural products and natural product-derived compounds are investigated mechanistically and chemically optimized to treat infections and kill multi-drug resistant pathogens. (helmholtz-hzi.de)

For the active ingredient of Zithromax, Azithromycin, all the gram-positive cocci (except those bacteria which are resistant to erythromycin) are susceptible. (clickmypills.com)

The pattern of those multidrug resistant bacteria has threatened the modern medical practice and resulted in increasing morbidity and mortality rates [ 2 ]. (blogspot.com)
As antimicrobial resistance continues to rise globally, multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms have posed a significant challenge for clinicians, owing to the dearth of effective therapeutic options to combat them. (uspharmacist.com)
It has also been used to study multidrug resistant organisms. (goldbio.com)

Tazobactam enhances and extends the antibiotic spectrum of Piperacillin to include many beta-lactamase-producing bacteria normally resistant to it. (com.bd)
Treatment of malignant external otitis is typically with a 6-week IV course of a culture-directed fluoroquinolone (eg, ciprofloxacin , 400 mg IV every 8 hours) and/or a semisynthetic penicillin (piperacillin-tazobactam or piperacillin)/aminoglycoside combination (for ciprofloxacin resistant Pseudomonas ). (msdmanuals.com)

It may result from opportunistic colonization following immunosuppression by the primary pathogen and can be influenced by the time interval between infections, microbial physiology, or host resistance. (lookformedical.com)

Cloxacillin sodium is a sodium salt formed from a chlorinated semisynthetic derivative of penicillin. (goldbio.com)

The organisms of the resident flora contribute to resistance against colonization with pathogenic bacteria by hydrolyzing lipids and producing free fatty acids, which are toxic to many bacteria. (scielo.br)
[1] After further experiments, Fleming was convinced that penicillin could not last long enough in the human body to kill pathogenic bacteria and stopped studying penicillin after 1931, but restarted some clinical trials in 1934 and continued to try to get someone to purify it until 1940. (wikidoc.org)
Some bacteria that are pathogenic to humans and animals have become resistant to most of the antibiotic molecules developed by the pharmaceutical industry. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
In all these cases, there will be no benefits from antibiotic «preventive therapy», but potentially pathogenic microflora can develop resistance to received means (which in case of complications will only complicate treatment) or allergic reaction to medication taken. (uppmd.org)

Chambers and Deleo identified serial "waves of resistance" in the history of 20th-century S. aureus epidemiology ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
They described the emergence of penicillin-resistant S. aureus in the 1940s and rapid spread during the 1950s and 1960s, initially in the health care setting and then in the community, as the first wave of resistance. (cdc.gov)
They constituted the fourth wave of resistance for S. aureus . (cdc.gov)

Amoxiclav, a potent combination of penicillin and clavulanic acid is also losing its efficacy against many organisms [ 6 ]. (blogspot.com)
Thus, finding strategies against resistance development and scheming treatments of drug resistant organisms has become a deep concern for research community and public health [ 7 ]. (blogspot.com)
Even in these early stages, penicillin was found to be most effective against Gram-positive bacteria, and ineffective against Gram-negative organisms and fungi. (wikidoc.org)

ASTs decrease the risk of using an antibiotic against bacteria exhibiting resistance to it, and the results are used in clinical settings to determine which antibiotic(s) to prescribe for various infections. (goldbio.com)
Protect the patients against the acquisition of infections or multi-resistant germs during care. (nrbhss.ca)
Penicillins are used to treat various infections, and it is a beta-lactam antibiotic. (starhealth.in)
ABSTRACT: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections in the United States. (uspharmacist.com)
Infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) have rapidly emerged as a predominant concern, particularly among vulnerable patient populations. (uspharmacist.com)

So, a combination of penicillin and gentamicin or streptomycin is used. (starhealth.in)

Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) discovered modern day penicillin in 1928, the widespread use of which proved significantly beneficial during wartime. (worldsbest.rehab)

However, development of antibiotic resistance, driven by misuse of beta-lactam and beta-lactamase inhibitors and the time taken for the regulatory approval is projected to impede the market growth. (pharmiweb.com)
Once Enterococcus species colonize the GI tract, the development of antibiotic resistance increases, as does the risk of transmission between patients and providers. (uspharmacist.com)

It is inactive against Gram-positive bacteria resistant to erythromycin. (onlinepharmaciesnoprescription.com)

The drug has increased acid resistance - by 300 times compared to erythromycin and acts bacteriostatically. (onlinepharmaciesnoprescription.com)
for penicillin and erythromycin was used as standard. (biomedcentral.com)
The susceptibility pattern of C. diphtheriae to erythromycin was better than that to penicillin. (biomedcentral.com)
The susceptibility rate of C. diphtheriae to erythromycin is higher than that to penicillin. (biomedcentral.com)

Tazobactam is a potent inhibitor of many beta-lactamases, including the plasmid and chromosomally mediated enzymes that commonly cause resistance to penicillins. (com.bd)
They hoped to find a molecule that could compete with penicillin for the organic acid transporter responsible for secretion such that the transporter would preferentially secrete the competitive inhibitor. (wikidoc.org)

Systemic antibiotic therapy with semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillin or vancomycin and clindamycin are recommended for the treatment of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). (kosinmedj.org)

The later generations of penicillin have become broad-spectrum and are effective against gram-negative bacteria. (starhealth.in)

An understanding of the transmission, risk factors, microbiology, and surveillance of this resistant organism is essential. (uspharmacist.com)
Nonsusceptibility of an organism to the action of penicillins. (lookformedical.com)

Availability was severely limited, however, by the difficulty of manufacturing large quantities of penicillin and by the rapid renal clearance of the drug necessitating frequent dosing. (wikidoc.org)

An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN . (lookformedical.com)

It is resistant to most beta-lactamases and active against Gram-negative rods and cocci due to its aminothiazoyl and methoximino functional groups. (mcmaster.ca)
The BETA-LACTAMASES hydrolyze the beta lactam ring, accounting for BETA-LACTAM RESISTANCE of infective bacteria. (lookformedical.com)

He expressed initial optimism that penicillin would be a useful disinfectant, being highly potent with minimal toxicity compared to antiseptics of the day, but particularly noted its laboratory value in the isolation of " Bacillus influenzae " (now Haemophilus influenzae ). (wikidoc.org)
Penicillin ranks pretty darn low on the drug toxicity scale for humans, but it kills off guinea pigs like you wouldn't believe. (drugsandpoisons.com)

Hypersensitivity to the active substances, to any of the penicillins or to any of the excipients. (medicines.org.uk)

Amoxil is a penicillin antibiotic. (smithandallan.com)

β-lactams inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links within bacterial cell walls by targeting penicillin-binding proteins or PBPs. (goldbio.com)
Binds to one or more penicillin-binding proteins, which, in turn, inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell walls. (medscape.com)

To survive, they develop genetic and biochemical mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, which have spread widely between species due to their frequent genetic exchanges. (encyclopedie-environnement.org)
Although some species are inherently resistant to vancomycin, they are far less common than species that acquire resistance through transfer of genetic material. (uspharmacist.com)

However, the combination of lychee honey with penicillin and amoxiclav separately demonstrated a synergistic action in all tested methods. (blogspot.com)

No evidence suggests that this is clinically significant, and clinical guidelines still advocate that penicillin is still the drug of choice for GAS in the United States. (medscape.com)
incidence Notably, of resistance concurrent to withantimicrobial the increased agents, incidence there has of been resistance a corresponding to antimicrobial decrease agents, in the there discovery has been and adevelopment corresponding of newdecrease drug in candidates the discovery [1]. (docslib.org)

There has never been a clinical isolate of GAS documented to be resistant to penicillin anywhere in the world. (medscape.com)

New use of the participates_in and has_part relationships in place of formerly incorrect usage of the part_of relationship for association of resistance determinants with their mechanism of action. (mcmaster.ca)

Anatomy5

Organisms30

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs96

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science4

Health Care4

Geographicals1

Cephalosporins15

Antibiotics32

Cephalosporin5

Semi-synthetic penicillin3

Discovery of penicil2

Antistaphylococcal2

Methicillin9

Macrolides1

Amoxicillin5

Antibiotic-resistant3

Microorganisms3

Tetracyclines1

Macrolide1

Streptococcus1

Staphylococcus1

MRSA4

Strains4

Bactericidal2

Pathogens4

Susceptible1

Multidrug resistant3

Piperacillin2

Microbial1

Derivative1

Pathogenic4

Aureus3

Organisms3

Infections5

Gentamicin1

19281

Development of antibiotic resistance2

Gram-Positive1

Erythromycin4

Inhibitor2

Clindamycin1

Broad spectrum1

Organism2

Renal1

Antibacterial agent1

Beta-lactamases2

Toxicity2

Hypersensitivity1

Amoxil1

Proteins2

Species2

Combination1

Drug2

Clinical1

Mechanism1