CatalysisOxidation-ReductionKineticsModels, MolecularBiocatalysisCatalytic DomainBinding SitesSubstrate SpecificityCrystallography, X-RayMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceMutagenesis, Site-DirectedProtein ConformationThioredoxinsGlutathioneEscherichia coliModels, ChemicalCysteineHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationSulfhydryl CompoundsGlutathione DisulfideElectron TransportOxidoreductasesProtein BindingMolecular StructureProtein Structure, TertiaryRecombinant ProteinsHistidineElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyNADPDisulfidesMutationRNA, CatalyticHydrolysisStructure-Activity RelationshipNADOxidative StressHydrogen PeroxideSequence Homology, Amino AcidReactive Oxygen SpeciesSpectrophotometryBase SequenceHemeOxygenBacterial ProteinsElectrochemistryFlavinsHydrogen BondingAmino Acid SubstitutionThermodynamicsFlavin-Adenine DinucleotideStereoisomerismAntibodies, CatalyticGlutaredoxinsEnzymesElectronsProtonsThioredoxin-Disulfide ReductaseEnzyme StabilityMetalsProtein Structure, SecondarySequence AlignmentReducing AgentsDithiothreitolAspartic AcidIron-Sulfur ProteinsOxidantsMolecular ConformationAdenosine TriphosphateIronCloning, MolecularMagnesiumDithioniteConserved SequenceManganeseTemperatureAntioxidantsSpectrophotometry, UltravioletFree RadicalsMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyFlavin MononucleotidePeroxidasesFerrous CompoundsEscherichia coli ProteinsCytochrome c GroupPotentiometryModels, BiologicalEnzyme ActivationPeroxiredoxinsMitochondriaFlavoproteinsLysineCopperDimerizationProtein FoldingProtein Disulfide-IsomerasesZincSpectrum AnalysisDiamideProton-Translocating ATPases