• As growing lines of evidence have supported a proinflammatory role for adenosine in the asthmatic lung, interest in adenosine receptor antagonists has risen. (jci.org)
  • Functional responses to adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists were determined by a nucleotide exchange assay using [ 35 S]-guanosine 5'-(γ-thio) triphosphate ([ 35 S]GTPγS). (avma.org)
  • 35 S]GTPγS exchange revealed that caffeine and its metabolites act as pure adenosine receptor antagonists at concentrations that correspond to A 1 and A 2a receptor binding affinities. (avma.org)
  • The appropriate selective agonists/antagonists for purinergic receptors as well as the respective enzyme inhibitors may profoundly interfere with microglial functions and reconstitute the homeostasis of the CNS disturbed by neuroinflammation. (preprints.org)
  • Due to indirect modulation of dopamine transmission, adenosine receptor antagonists may be useful in either treating cocaine use or improving disrupted cognitive-behavioral functions associated with chronic cocaine use. (omicsonline.org)
  • These preliminary data raise the possibility that adenosine antagonists may affect cocaine-dependent and non-dependent subjects differently. (omicsonline.org)
  • Selective agonists and antagonists have been developed for each of the AR subtypes. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • In addition to AR agonists and antagonists, also allosteric modulators have been introduced. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • The locomotor effects in mice of selective A1 and A2 adenosine agonists, antagonists and combinations of agonists were investigated utilizing a computerized activity monitor. (thetechnoant.info)
  • The depressive ramifications of N6-cyclopentyladenosine, a detailed analog of CHA, are reversed by extremely A1-selective antagonists such as for example CPT, indicating that A1 receptors triggered by N6-cycloalkyladenosines subserve behavioral major depression (Bruns 1988). (thetechnoant.info)
  • Although A1-selective agonists have already been created, adenosine agonists or antagonists really selective for A2 adenosine receptors for make use of as physiological probes have already been difficult to recognize. (thetechnoant.info)
  • The roles of the 1-, 2- and 3-ARs as well as NO were explored by using the selective antagonists CGP-20712A (300 nM), ICI -18551 (50 nM), SR59230A (100 nM) and NOS inhibitors L-NAME (50 μM) or LNNA (50 μM) respectively. (sun.ac.za)
  • The role of adenosine and the adenosine A1, A3, A2A and A2B receptors was studied by using adenosine deaminase and the selective antagonists DPCPX (1 μM), MRS 1191(1 μM), ZM241385 (1 μM) and MRS1754 (1 μM). (sun.ac.za)
  • Bath applications and microinjections of selective agonists and antagonists of purinergic receptors showed that ATP increased respiratory activity by acting on pTRG P2X receptors. (unifi.it)
  • IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine), like other methylated xanthine derivatives, is both a: competitive non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNFα and leukotriene synthesis, and reduces inflammation and innate immunity, and nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activation of the Gi/o protein-bound A 1 and A 3 receptors reduces adenylyl cyclase activity and decreases intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( 3 - 5 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Intracellular adenosine production and release is tightly regulated, and it is not stored in vesicles. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • All four adenosine receptor subtypes (A 1 , A 2A , A 2B , and A 3 ) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), either increasing or decreasing intracellular cAMP levels by affecting adenylate cyclase activity. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Like other GPCRs, adenosine receptors have a single polypeptide chain, forming three extracellular and three intracellular loops. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Fertel and Weiss, 1976) therefore preventing the inactivation of the intracellular second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by the respective PDE subtype(s). (biomedjournal.com)
  • stimulates intracellular adenyl cyclase, which results in increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, causing relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mast cell mediators. (medscape.com)
  • The endogenous purine nucleoside adenosine is one proinflammatory mediator that has garnered interest as a contributor to asthma pathogenesis, particularly with regard to acute exacerbations of the disease. (jci.org)
  • Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside, composed of nucleobase adenine and β-D-ribose moieties. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Adenosine is rapidly catabolized by adenosine deaminases to inosine, which can be further deribosylated by purine nucleoside phosphorylase to hypoxantine . (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Adenosine cannot freely pass across the cell and vesicular membranes, but it needs to be transported by nucleoside transporters, which are present in most cells, including erythrocytes . (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Dipyridamole elevates extracellular adenosine concentrations by inhibiting equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs). (turkupetcentre.net)
  • In the central nervous system, the purine nucleoside adenosine has been implicated in beneficial and detrimental actions ofmorphine, but the extent of their interaction remains poorly understood. (unime.it)
  • Though causes of miscarriage remain unclear, adenosine, a proangiogenic nucleoside, may help determine pregnancy outcome. (unipr.it)
  • Objective -To determine the presence of adenosine receptor subtypes A 1 and A 2a in equine forebrain tissues and to characterize the interactions of caffeine and its metabolites with adenosine receptors in the CNS of horses. (avma.org)
  • Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -Results of our study affirm the presence of guanine nucleotide binding protein linked adenosine receptors (ie, high-affinity A 1 and A 2a adenosine receptors) in equine forebrain tissues and reveal the antagonistic actions by caffeine and several biologically active caffeine metabolites. (avma.org)
  • To compare and contrast the stimulant effects of adenosine antagonism to direct dopamine stimulation, we administered 150 mg and 300 mg caffeine, 20 mg amphetamine, and placebo to cocaine-dependent vs. healthy control subjects, matched on moderate caffeine use. (omicsonline.org)
  • of two different anxiogenic/panicogenic medications (FG-7142, an inverse agonist on the benzodiazepine site from the GABAA receptor, and caffeine, a non-selective competitive adenosine receptor antagonist) elevated c-Fos induction in a particular subset of orexin neurons situated in the dorsomedial/ perifornical (DMH/PeF) however, not the lateral hypothalamus. (bioinf.org)
  • Characterization of ERK1/2 signalling pathways induced by adenosine receptor subtypes in newborn rat cardiomyocytes. (rndsystems.com)
  • Adenosine nonselectively activates 4 receptor subtypes: A 1 , A 2A , A 2B , and A 3 . (snmjournals.org)
  • Scientists have investigated a compound called BnOCPA (benzyloxy-cyclopentyladenosine), found to be a potent and selective analgesic which is non-addictive in test model systems. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A team of scientists, co-led by researchers from the School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, has investigated a compound called BnOCPA (benzyloxy-cyclopentyladenosine), found to be a potent and selective analgesic which is non-addictive in test model systems. (sciencedaily.com)
  • ATP, released by cells, is rapidly metabolized by extracellular nucleotidases to adenosine, a potent signaling molecule that can activate several cell surface receptors to produce myriad effects on both parenchymal and immune cells throughout the body (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
  • Pharmacological studies have shown that KW-6356 is a potent and selective ligand for the A 2A receptor (the −log of inhibition constant = 9.93 {plus minus} 0.01 for human receptor) with a very low dissociation rate from the receptor (the dissociation kinetic rate constant = 0.016 {plus minus} 0.006 min -1 for human receptor). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Significance Statement KW-6356 is a potent and selective adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist/inverse agonist and exhibits insurmountable antagonism, while istradefylline, a first-generation adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist, exhibits surmountable antagonism. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Apadenoson is a potent and selective anti-inflammatory adenosine analog that reduces inflammation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Why mu-opioid agonists have less analgesic efficacy in neuropathic pain? (upf.edu)
  • Evidence for efficacy of adenosine receptor antagonism may date back to the Victorian era, when physicians noted the beneficial effects of strong black coffee in patients with bronchial asthma. (jci.org)
  • For the agonist-bound A 2A AR, we detected faster (390 ± 80 µs) ligand efficacy-dependent dynamics. (nature.com)
  • Second, different agonists vary in efficacy and can stimulate receptor activity to a different extent 5 . (nature.com)
  • KW-6356 is a novel adenosine A 2A receptor (A 2A receptor) antagonist/inverse agonist, and its efficacy as monotherapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients has been reported. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Agonists, including endogenous agonist adenosine, lead to the activation of all AR subtypes, and subsequent regulation by desensitization and trafficking ( Mundell and Kelly, 2011 ). (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Phophodiesterase (PDE) isoenzyme profiles of human cell preparations and tissues have been analysed by a semiquantitative method using selective PDE inhibitors and activators. (ersjournals.com)
  • motapizone, PDE III), dual-selective (zardaverine) and non-selective (theophylline) PDE inhibitors were compared. (ersjournals.com)
  • Potential mediators involved in LAR or EAR were examined, using selective pharmacological inhibitors, in the present study. (cdc.gov)
  • PDE3 inhibitors can be thought of as a backdoor approach to cardiac stimulation, whereas β-agonists go through the front door to produce the same cardiac effects. (biomedjournal.com)
  • It was recognised that papaverine and pentoxifylline mediated vasorelaxation by a number of mechanisms including non-selective PDE inhibition and these drugs can be considered as forerunners to the clinically successful PDE5 inhibitors used today for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. (biomedjournal.com)
  • By increasing our understanding of the physiological roles of the individual PDE isoforms, in parallel with the development of even more selective inhibitors of these enzymes, it is highly likely that better therapeutically active drugs will emerge. (biomedjournal.com)
  • The potential activity for selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors as therapeutic agents was predicted as early as 1977 by Weiss and Hait (Weiss and Hait, 1977). (biomedjournal.com)
  • Pre-treatment with pertussis toxin (Gi/o-protein inhibitor), DPCPX (A1 adenosine receptor antagonist) or TG2 inhibitors (Z-DON and R283) attenuated the A1 adenosine receptor-induced pharmacological pre- and post-conditioning. (ntu.ac.uk)
  • GABAA α5 inverse agonists) or elevate excitatory tone (e.g., glycine transporter inhibitors) offer novel approaches for treating diseases such as schizophrenia, AD and Down syndrome. (blogspot.com)
  • Procedures -Membrane-enriched homogenates from cerebral cortex and striatum were evaluated by radioligand binding assays with the A 1 -selective ligand [ 3 H]DPCPX and the A 2a -selective ligand [ 3 H]ZM241385. (avma.org)
  • A fluorescent adenosine receptor ligand derived from NECA, non-selective adenosine agonist. (hellobio.com)
  • Their natural ligand is adenosine, a purine metabolite in plasma, which hydrolyses adenosine monophosphate. (wearecellix.com)
  • Adenosine Receptor Agonist HE-NECA Enhances Antithrombotic Activities of Cangrelor and Prasugrel in vivo by Decreasing Fibrinogen Density in Thrombus - By Polak et al. (wearecellix.com)
  • The animals received an A2A selective agonist, HE-NECA, and the P2Y12 inhibitor cangrelor. (wearecellix.com)
  • The fairly high strength of NECA could possibly be because of a synergism between central A1 and A2receptor activation by this non-selective agonist. (thetechnoant.info)
  • The non-selective adenosine agonist 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) increased NO, by activating, predominantly, A1AR and A2AAR through a molecular pathway involving hypoxia-inducible-factor-1 (HIF-1α), and increased VEGF, mainly through A2B. (unipr.it)
  • Antagonism of adenosine actions in the equine CNS by these stimulants may be responsible for some central actions of methylxanthine drugs, including motor stimulation and enhanced racing performance. (avma.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the in vitro pharmacological profile of KW-6356 as an A 2A receptor antagonist/inverse agonist and the mode of antagonism and compared them with istradefylline. (aspetjournals.org)
  • theophylline decreases effects of adenosine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
  • Structural studies of adenosine A 2A receptor in complex with KW-6356 and istradefylline explain the characteristic differences in the pharmacological properties of KW-6356 and istradefylline. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Selective pharmacological inhibition of mediators demonstrates different pathophysiological mechanisms of EAR and LAR for the asthma-like responses in the BNR TMA model. (cdc.gov)
  • Lately, we reported that APEC is normally a powerful locomotor depressant in mice which the pharmacological profile of the actions suggests activation of A2 adenosine receptors (Nikodijevic 1990). (thetechnoant.info)
  • The primary aim of this study was to determine the role of TG2 in A1 adenosine receptor and β2-adrenoceptor-induced pharmacological pre- and post-conditioning in the H9c2 cells. (ntu.ac.uk)
  • [11-20-2013] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning health care professionals of the rare but serious risk of heart attack and death with use of the cardiac nuclear stress test agents Lexiscan (regadenoson) and Adenoscan (adenosine). (fda.gov)
  • Heart attack and death have occurred in patients who received Lexiscan (regadenoson) or Adenoscan (adenosine) for a cardiac nuclear stress test. (fda.gov)
  • Cases of myocardial infarction and death have occurred following the administration of Lexiscan (regadenoson) injection or Adenoscan (adenosine) infusion. (fda.gov)
  • Regadenoson is an adenosine A 2A receptor agonist widely used as a pharmacologic stress agent for myocardial perfusion imaging. (snmjournals.org)
  • Regadenoson is an adenosine A 2A receptor agonist with a biologic half-life of approximately 1.6 min ( 2 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Regadenoson is an A2A adenosine receptor agonist that is a coronary vasodilator that is commonly used in pharmacologic stress testing. (chemspider.com)
  • The selective nature of the drug makes it preferable to other stress agents such as adenosine, which are less selective and therefore cause more side-effects.Regadenoson has a 2 to 3 minute biological half-life. (chemspider.com)
  • adenosine and adenosine agonists attenuate inflammation , and induce vasodilation and angiogenesis in the cardiovascular system . (turkupetcentre.net)
  • An adenosine A3 receptor agonist inhibits DSS-induced colitis in mice through modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. (rndsystems.com)
  • Basal adenosine modulates the functional properties of AMPA receptors in mouse hippocampal neurons through the activation of A1R A2AR and A3R. (rndsystems.com)
  • Adenosine modulates the release and uptake of glutamate . (turkupetcentre.net)
  • At the same time, adenosine modulates striatal DA release by stimulating glutamate release at adenosine receptors in the striatum , which increases dopamine levels. (adxs.org)
  • a component of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate. (adxs.org)
  • Bempedoic acid is a first-in-class adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor that lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver. (medscape.com)
  • Pulsed electromagnetic fields increased the anti-inflammatory effect of A 2 A and A 3 adenosine receptors in human T/C-28a2 chondrocytes and hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts. (rndsystems.com)
  • Finally, CGS21680 reduces cholesterol accumulation (Filipin III staining), which is the main criterion currently used for identification of a compound or pathway that would be beneficial for NPC disease, and such an effect is prevented by the Ca 2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. Our findings strongly support the hypothesis that A 2A R agonists may represent a therapeutic option for NPC1 and provide insights on their mechanisms of action. (jneurosci.org)
  • Adenosine limits the therapeutic effectiveness of anti-CTLA4 mAb in a mouse melanoma model. (rndsystems.com)
  • Here we discuss the history of the study of adenosine receptor ligands for asthma and how enhanced understanding of adenosine receptor biology may aid in the rational exploitation of these receptors as therapeutic targets. (jci.org)
  • Moreover, she identified a new therapeutic target (adenosine A3 receptor, A3R) whose activation with a selective agonist demonstrated to improve the survival of RGC contributing to the maintenance of the RGC function, in a preclinical model of glaucoma. (iapb.org)
  • She gathered crucial evidence on the therapeutic value of A3R activation, and the use a novel delivery system for A3R agonist will fill the gap in clinics bypassing the treatment burden of multiple intravitreal injections. (iapb.org)
  • These effects are attenuated by A3AR agonists, suggesting that A3AR may be a target for therapeutic intervention with selective A3AR agonist as opioid adjuncts. (unime.it)
  • BnOCPA is unique in that it only activates one type of G protein, leading to very selective effects and thus reducing potential side effects. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Adenosine has the highest affinity to the A 1 R and A 2A R, intermediate affinity to A 3 R, and lowest affinity to A 2B R. Adenosine activates A 1 and A 2A receptors already in nanomolar concentrations. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • [ 47 ] The FDA had issued a "black box warning" on medications containing long-acting beta-agonists due to concern for increased risk of asthma but this "black box warning" has been removed as treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid plus a long acting beta-agonist has been found to be safe and efficacious in the treatment of asthma. (medscape.com)
  • This "black box warning" remains controversial as treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid plus a long acting beta-agonist has been found to be safe and efficacious in the treatment of asthma. (medscape.com)
  • While both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals can be sent depending on the specific adenosine receptor activated, adenosine produces a net proinflammatory effect in the asthmatic airway. (jci.org)
  • In this regard, the effects of PDRN in the experimental model of ischemic colitis are abolished using DMPX, a specific adenosine A2AR antagonist. (scienceopen.com)
  • Extracellular adenosine is produced predominantly by the metabolism of ATP released from cells. (jci.org)
  • ADA is the primary catabolic enzyme for adenosine, and its absence in ADA-deficient mice results in marked elevations of extracellular adenosine. (jci.org)
  • Elevations of extracellular adenosine are present in the asthmatic lung due to both increased release of ATP from cells and inhibition of ADA by local hypoxia. (jci.org)
  • Inhibition of erythroblast growth and fetal hemoglobin production by ribofuranose-substituted adenosine derivatives. (rndsystems.com)
  • Kappa-opioid (KOP) receptor agonists exhibit analgesic effects without activating reward pathways. (acs.org)
  • Bilateral microinjections (30-50 nl) of 1 mM ATP into the pTRG caused marked increases in respiratory frequency followed by decreases in respiratory motor output due to the ATP metabolite adenosine. (unifi.it)
  • Increases in respiratory frequency were mimicked by similar microinjections of 1 mM ATP-γ-S, a nonhydrolyzable ATP agonist, while decreases were induced by microinjections of 0.5 mM adenosine. (unifi.it)
  • sevelamer decreases levels of adenosine by increasing elimination. (medscape.com)
  • ATP is sequentially degraded by the ecto-nucleotidases and 5'-nucleotidase enzymes to the weak adenosine agonist inosine as an end-product. (preprints.org)
  • Endothelial cells have a very active transport system for adenosine, and also high rate of metabolism, converting adenosine to inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid, and other compounds. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Since 5-HT 2C R pre-mRNA is adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) edited, we also evaluated the 5-HT 2C R RNA editing profiles of SERT +/+ and SERT -/- mice in amygdala. (princeton.edu)
  • A1 adenosine receptor agonist), formoterol (β2-adrenoceptor agonist) or isoprenaline (non-selective β-adrenoceptor agonist) were added before hypoxia/reoxygenation (pre-conditioning) or at the start of reoxygenation following hypoxia (post-conditioning). (ntu.ac.uk)
  • Hearts were preconditioned with 5 min isoproterenol 0.1 μM ( 1/ 2-AR agonist), or formoterol 1 nM ( 2-AR agonist) or BRL 37344 1 μM ( 3-AR agonist) followed by 5 min reperfusion. (sun.ac.za)
  • report findings in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice that suggest the occurrence of anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine in the lung, mediated through A 1 adenosine receptors on macrophages. (jci.org)
  • Adenosine deaminase isoform 1 (ADA1) is found in most cells, including blood cells. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Adenosine is a ubiquitous biological mediator with the capacity to produce both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in tissues. (jci.org)
  • By attempting to counteract the hypoxic condition, activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) occurs in a cooperative fashion with hypoxia, modulating the anti-inflammatory pathway and stimulating VEGF release [3]. (scienceopen.com)
  • 1], the authors documented a PDRN ability in increasing VEGF expression, reducing the histological damage, downregulating anti-inflammatory responses, and modulating apoptosis through the interaction with adenosine A2AR. (scienceopen.com)
  • These findings raise the intriguing possibility that A3AR agonists may be useful adjunct to opioids to manage their unwanted effects. (unime.it)
  • The protective effects of this phenomenon have been demonstrated to be mediated by release of autocoids such as adenosine, opioids and bradykinin. (sun.ac.za)
  • 2-Cl-IB-MECA is a high affinity and extremely selective A 3 adenosine receptor agonist (K i = 0.33 nM). (rndsystems.com)
  • Probe dependence of allosteric enhancers on the binding affinity of adenosine A1 -receptor agonists at rat and human A1 -receptors measured using NanoBRET. (hellobio.com)
  • Activation of cardiac A 2A and A 2B adenosine receptors vasodilates the coronary arterial bed, increases myocardial blood flow, and causes sympathoexcitation ( 6 , 7 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Adenosine increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier . (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Agonists of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) reduce cytokine release from most immune cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results support further examination of A2AR agonists as therapies for treating cytokine storm due to COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, considering the involvement of VEGF in the activation of adenosine A2AR, we believe it could be advantageous to demonstrate the effect of PDRN on neoangiogenesis and microvessel density, which may result in an augmented oxygen supply and a subsequent balance of the apoptotic mechanism [3]. (scienceopen.com)
  • An adenosine diphosphate (ADP) scavenger, apyrase, inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, but not the release of endostatin. (nih.gov)
  • These effects are prevented by the selective blockade of A 2A Rs by the antagonist ZM241385. (jneurosci.org)
  • In this study, we determined the responsiveness of 5-HT 2C R in serotonin transporter (SERT) knockout (-/-) mice, a model characterized by increased anxiety-like and stress-responsive behaviors.Results: In the three-chamber social interaction test, the 5-HT 2B/2C agonist mCPP decreased sociability and sniffing in SERT wildtype (+/+) mice, both indicative of the well-documented anxiogenic effect of mCPP. (princeton.edu)
  • Likewise, in the open field test, the selective 5-HT 2C agonist RO 60-0175 induced an anxiogenic response in SERT +/+ mice, but not in SERT -/- mice. (princeton.edu)
  • Compared to SERT +/+ mice, SERT-/- mice showed a decrease in less edited, highly functional 5-HT 2C isoforms, and an increase in more edited isoforms with reduced signaling efficiency.Conclusions: These results indicate that the 5-HT 2C R in the amygdala of SERT -/- mice has increased RNA editing, which could explain, at least in part, the decreased behavioral responses to 5-HT 2C agonists in SERT -/- mice. (princeton.edu)
  • Responses to the previously studied non-selective adenosine-receptor (AR) agonist adenosine, the A3-selective agonist Cl-IB-MECA and the A3-selective antagonist MRS 1191 were all enhanced to varying degrees, in time and magnitude, by corneal impalement. (edu.hk)
  • Hemodynamic effects of histamine release elicited by the selective adenosine A 3 receptor agonist 2-Cl-IB-MECA in conscious rats. (rndsystems.com)
  • The adenosine antagonist, aminophylline (30 mg/kg, i.p.) also inhibited LAR in some, but not all treated/challenged rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Simultaneous application of an adenosine receptor agonist intensified the inhibitory effect of P2Y12 on platelet aggregation. (wearecellix.com)
  • Adenosine binding to both pre- and postsynaptic A 1 Rs has an inhibitory effect in the brain. (turkupetcentre.net)
  • Target: A2A adenosine receptorRegadenoson produces hyperemia quickly and maintains it for a duration that is useful for radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging. (chemspider.com)
  • The authors concluded that chronic administration of A2A agonist could be considered a potential component of dual antithrombotic therapy. (wearecellix.com)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the A 2A R agonist CGS21680 on human control and NPC1 fibroblasts. (jneurosci.org)