Selection behavior in drosophila. Medical search. Frequent questions

Data are now presented which show that one component of offspring fitness can be increased by mate choice in Drosophila melanogaster . (nature.com)
To understand the basic neural pathway underlying the modulation of this innate behavior, we established a behavioral assay in Drosophila melanogaster and investigated the relationship between sexual experience and aggression. (nih.gov)
Drosophila melanogaster Selection for Survival after Infection" by Junjie Ma, Andrew K. Benson et al. (unl.edu)
Laboratory populations of D.melanogaster have been subjected to selection for survival after live spores of B. cereus were introduced as a pathogenic agent. (unl.edu)
One species of Drosophila in particular, D. melanogaster , has been heavily used in research in genetics and is a common model organism in developmental biology . (wn.com)
The terms "fruit fly" and " Drosophila " are often used synonymously with D. melanogaster in modern biological literature. (wn.com)
Drosophila melanogaster males perform a series of courtship behaviors that, when successful, result in copulation with a female. (elifesciences.org)
Here, using the model species Drosophila melanogaster , we used a combination of Genome Wide Association mapping (GWAS) and transcriptomic profiling to characterize whether genes associated with thermal tolerance are primarily involved in dynamic stress responses or preparatory processes that influence physiological condition at the time of thermal stress. (frontiersin.org)
To tackle this challenge, we have been studying escape behaviors in larval Drosophila melanogaster. (uqam.ca)
24], The following section is based on the following Drosophila species: Drosophila serrata, Drosophila pseudoobscura, Drosophila melanogaster, and Drosophila neotestacea. (ottsigns.com)
Their tongues are shaped like … Several Drosophila species, including D. melanogaster, D. immigrans, and D. simulans, are closely associated with humans, and are often referred to as domestic species. (ottsigns.com)
By employing highly controlled experiments, we investigated the impact of several environmental factors including humidity, food quality, light exposure, and experimental setup that may influence Tp measurements in adult Drosophila melanogaster flies. (solamonrenewableenergy.com)
In particular, three recent studies investigated changes of thermal behavior in Drosophila melanogaster infected with the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia14,15,16. (solamonrenewableenergy.com)
To inform the design of artificial systems, we are investigating how the fly, Drosophila melanogaster, selects and controls its behaviors and how this process can be modulated by learning. (cyber-valley.de)
Masato Umeda's research team at Kyoto University was interested in understanding how the degradation of DESAT1 is regulated in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster in order to better understand thermal regulation in diverse organisms. (asbmb.org)
In Drosophila melanogaster, most SFPs are produced in the accessory glands, which are composed of ∼1,000 fertility-enhancing "main cells" and ∼40 more functionally cryptic "secondary cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Values of heritabilities for morphological traits in Drosophila melanogaster were similar to those estimated from a conventional sib analysis. (edu.au)
Population-genetics of the metabolically related Adh, Gpdh and Tpi polymorphisms in Drosophila melanogaster: II. (edu.au)
Drosophila melanogaster adults were successfully selected for increased and decreased olfactory response to different concentrations of acetaldehyde and ethanol, using a choice type olfactometer. (edu.au)
Association learned as concerns partners for copulation in Drosophila melanogaster (Dukas, Clark & Abbott, 2006), and the choice of hosts for oviposition through colors learned by some Tephritidae genders (Papaj & Prokopy, 1989) and by Pieris brassicae (Smallegange, Everaarts & Van Loon, 2006) were already shown and can cause fitness intensification. (bvsalud.org)
We are primarily working with the genetic model organism Drosophila melanogaster , aka the vinegar fly. (lu.se)

Similar to the majority of vertebrate neurons, the Drosophila da neurons show clear dendrite vs. axon polarity including the orientations of microtubules (MT). It is well known from numerous studies in various organisms that MT cytoskeleton plays a major role for the proper establishment and maintenance of neuronal architecture. (ucsf.edu)
We recently found that Golgi outposts serve this role in the dendrites of Drosophila da neurons. (ucsf.edu)
For example, in the Drosophila PNS, the Zn-finger containing protein Hamlet functions as a binary switch between the elaborate multiple dendrite morphology of da neurons and the single, un-branched dendrite morphology of external sensory (es) neurons. (ucsf.edu)
In addition, they provide an understanding of the neurophysiology of visual neurons that are likely to affect behavior. (springer.com)
Descending neurons can thus initiate and modify behavior based on sensory input, and other higher order processing that takes place in the brain. (springer.com)
Importantly, whereas the anterior brain of an adult Drosophila contains about 100,000 neurons (Zheng et al. (springer.com)
Indeed, orchestrating complex behavior using only 1100 descending neurons (Hsu and Bhandawat 2016 ), requires efficient integration of sensory input and motor output, as well as higher-order processing, such as learning. (springer.com)
The Inhibition Team focuses on how these sequential behaviors are mediated, specifically the role of inhibitory GABAergic neurons in regulating these behaviors. (ucsb.edu)
Our team is mapping the circuitry of inhibitory 13A and 13B neurons that coordinate leg movements and action selection during grooming. (ucsb.edu)
The capacity to perform learning- and memory-based action selection in this way is dependent on the architecture and structure of the map of connected neurons that make up the CNS, known as the connectome. (cam.ac.uk)
We reconstructed, from a whole CNS EM volume, the synaptic map of input and output neurons that underlie food intake behavior of Drosophila larvae. (cam.ac.uk)
Thus, Na V 1.1 haploinsufficiency in sensory neurons impairs both proprioceptor function and motor behaviors. (elifesciences.org)
Using pharmacology, gene knockout, behavior, and histology in mice, the authors show quite convincingly that Na V 1.1 in sensory neurons is essential for normal motor behavior and contributes to proprioceptor excitability. (elifesciences.org)

Our results contribute to understanding the tasks and behavioral measures for which saliency models are best suited as predictors of human behavior, the relationship across various perceptual tasks, and the factors contributing to observer variability in fixational eye movements. (zotero.org)
He studies a variety of animals and use genetic, behavioral, and molecular methods to test hypotheses aimed at understanding the mechanisms of natural selection in natural populations. (uncg.edu)
We will formulate and test hypotheses of neural circuit function based on our behavioral observations, lessons learned from robotic control systems and precise neural connectivity in the Drosophila brain. (rayshubskiylab.org)
Learning can only be indirectly observed through its potential effect on behavior (Dukas, 2008), and therefore can often be confused with other behavioral aspects. (bvsalud.org)
My lab combines neurophysiological, molecular, phylogenetic, behavioral, ecological and chemical approaches in order to pinpoint specific neuronal circuits and molecular mechanisms underlying olfactory-guided behaviors. (lu.se)

Females also moved less than males, perhaps due to behaviors related to oviposition whereas elevated male activity might be due to behaviors associated with seeking females and courtship. (unl.edu)
Prior work has suggested that yellow influences mating behavior through effects on wing extension, song, and/or courtship vigor. (elifesciences.org)
In direct contrast, here we demonstrate that much of the pattern variability in Drosophila courtship song can be explained by taking into account the dynamic sensory experience of the male. (zotero.org)
In addition, we are studying how an animal integrates multiple types of opposing sensory information to influence behaviors ranging from food selection, to sleep, courtship and mating, and the selection of environments with the preferred temperatures. (ucsb.edu)

The amount of food consumed by Drosophila larvae can be estimated by using a Brilliant Blue dye according to a protocol by Lushchak et al. (ottsigns.com)
Whilst a group leader at HHMI Janelia Research Campus in the US, Marta contributed to establishing the Drosophila larvae as a powerful model system for studying this circuit implementation of neural computations. (cam.ac.uk)

The Simpson Lab studies how motor circuits of Drosophila control serial behaviors. (ucsb.edu)
Her group now aims to identify the neuronal circuits that regulate and implement learning and action selection and to investigate the structural changes in the brain that are involved in storing memories. (cam.ac.uk)
Discovery of recurring motifs of neuronal circuits that regulate learning and perform action-selection in flies will provide a basis for the future study of larger brains, including our own, as basic mechanisms of neural computation are likely to be similar. (cam.ac.uk)
These behaviors will be designed to study neural circuits that control higher level motor programs during persistent states. (rayshubskiylab.org)

Drosophila silvestris is a large species of fly in the family Drosophilidae that are primarily black with yellow spots. (wikipedia.org)
This species demonstrates sexual selection through female choice, as indicated by an evolutionary enhancement of extra tibia bristles occurring in certain D. silvestris populations in the last 700,000 years. (wikipedia.org)
Currently there are about 1,000 Drosophila species native to the Hawaiian Islands, and, D. silvestris inhabits the Big Island. (wikipedia.org)
D. silvestris is a member of the "picture-winged" group, which consists of 112 Hawaiian Drosophila species known for their unique light and dark wing patterns. (wikipedia.org)
Most species are within three major groups, the virilis-repleta radiation, the immigrans-tripunctata radiation and the Hawaiian Drosophila . (wn.com)
Here, we examine DNA sequence variation among the species of the eastern Caribbean Drosophila dunni subgroup at two loci, yellow and dopa decaboxylase (Ddc), which both play integral roles in pigmentation patterning of adult Drosophila. (nau.edu)
The Hawaiian species of Drosophila (estimated to be more than 500, with roughly 380 species described) are sometimes recognized as a separate genus or subgenus, Idiomyia,[3][47] but this is not widely accepted. (ottsigns.com)
Drosophila species are small flies, typically pale yellow to reddish brown to black, with red eyes. (ottsigns.com)
Several recent studies have demonstrated substantial effects of Wolbachia infections on host Tp in different Drosophila species. (solamonrenewableenergy.com)
Presently his research is focused on the effects of natural selection on molecular genetic variation in a species of fruitfly, Drosophila ananassae , from the South Pacific Islands and Asia. (uncg.edu)

The study reveals the importance of scientists considering that genes that affect behavior may do so by changing anatomy rather than by altering the brain. (elifesciences.org)
Thus the density of genes per chromosome in Drosophila is higher than the human genome. (ottsigns.com)
We estimate that there may be a total of about 20 dar genes in Drosophila. (ucsf.edu)

They also showed that cross-regulation between col and eya in muscle progenitor cells is required for specification of muscle identity, revealing a new parallel between the myogenic regulatory networks operating in Drosophila and vertebrates. (sdbonline.org)
Numb provided a starting point for the study of asymmetric cell division in Drosophila and vertebrates and led to considerable insight into the molecular basis of asymmetric cell division. (ucsf.edu)

The paraphyletic subgenus Drosophila of the genus Drosophila was first described by Alfred Sturtevant in 1939. (wn.com)

Learning could be defined as the acquisition of a new representation of neuronal information, and it can only be indirectly observed through its potential effect on behavior. (bvsalud.org)

Specifically, yellow males were far less successful at mating than normal males, demonstrating for the first time that some behaviors had a genetic basis. (elifesciences.org)
used a series of genetic experiments and high speed-videos to assess how mutations in male yellow fruit flies affected their mating behavior. (elifesciences.org)
To test our hypotheses, we measured the critical thermal minimum (CT min ) and critical thermal maximum (CT max ) of 100 lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and used GWAS to identify loci that explain variation in thermal limits. (frontiersin.org)
An ectotherm's thermal tolerance is determined by both fixed genetic factors and plastic changes in behavior, morphology, physiology, and gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
This included the development of a supervised machine learning approach using population genetic data to detect genomic regions constrained by purifying selection, which Dan in turn used to identify regions that had recently gained or loss selective constraint along the human lineage (i.e., human-specific gain or loss of function). (unc.edu)
Dan's postdoctoral work also sought to better characterize the impact of positive selection (i.e., adaptation) on multiple dimensions of genetic variation, and to use these multidimensional signatures to identify those regions in the human genome underlying recent adaptations with greater sensitivity and specificity than previously possible. (unc.edu)
Our strategy is to use the relatively simple Drosophila peripheral nervous system (PNS) to discover the genetic program that controls its development. (ucsf.edu)
He is interested in the interactions between natural selection, migration, genetic drift, and chromosomal crossing-over during adaptation and speciation. (uncg.edu)

Here, we experimentally manipulate male fertility through heat-exposure in Drosophila pseudoobscura , and test female discrimination against infertile males before and after mating. (uea.ac.uk)

The next topic is 'Uncovering the Drosophila connectome' presented by Daniel Turner-Evans (UC Santa Cruz & Janelia) and Hannah Haberkern (Janelia). (cam.ac.uk)
She has developed high-throughput methods for observing and categorizing behavior in automated ways, for generating neuron behaviour maps of the nervous system, and combining them with the maps of structural patterns of connections (the connectome). (cam.ac.uk)
Convergence of monosynaptic and polysynaptic sensory paths onto common motor outputs in a Drosophila feeding connectome. (cam.ac.uk)

In fruit flies, an enzyme called DESAT1, a delta-9-desaturase, is a key player in responses to temperature changes at both the cellular level, where it influences membrane fluidity by synthesizing monounsaturated fatty acids, and at the whole-organism level, where it controls temperature-influenced behaviors like mating. (asbmb.org)
Molecular and cellular basis of animal behavior in flies and mosquitoes. (ucsb.edu)
We are defining the receptors and channels that control behavior in flies, including mosquitoes that spread viral-borne disease. (ucsb.edu)

BMP signaling inhibition in Drosophila secondary cells remodels the seminal proteome and self and rival ejaculate functions. (ox.ac.uk)

Pervasive adaptive protein evolution apparent in diversity patterns around amino acid substitutions in Drosophila simulans. (1library.org)

Building on our experience in computer science and experimental systems neuroscience, the mission of our lab will be to study neural architectures that underlie motor control during persistent states in Drosophila . (rayshubskiylab.org)

For his postdoc, Dan worked with Andy Kern at Rutgers University where he studied the population genetics of adaptation and worked to uncover the impact of natural selection on patterns of diversity in human populations. (unc.edu)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)

Dr. Schug's research interests are in the field of evolutionary genetics and animal behavior. (uncg.edu)

Then, using single time point measurements and reasonable biological constraints, our method generates hundreds of thousands of candidate models that match experimentally validated in-vivo behaviors of the Drosophila segment polarity network. (bvsalud.org)

There are three phylogenetically early chromosomal inversions in D. silvestris that are associated with elevation changes, possibly reflecting an adaptive shift to altitude that contributed to evolution in Hawaiian Drosophila. (wikipedia.org)
Quantifying adaptive evolution in the Drosophila immune system. (1library.org)

Intraspecific male-male aggression, which is important for sexual selection, is regulated by environment, experience and internal states through largely undefined molecular and cellular mechanisms. (nih.gov)
We offer a selection of recent papers on a variety of topics from the Journal of Biological Chemistry , the Journal of Lipid Research and Molecular & Cellular Proteomics . (asbmb.org)

Additionally, we assessed the effects of Wolbachia infection on Tp of Drosophila at different developmental stages, which has not been done before. (solamonrenewableenergy.com)

Vinegar fly, (genus Drosophila), any member of a genus in the small fruit fly family, Drosophilidae (order Diptera). (ottsigns.com)

These data illustrate why the mechanical properties of anatomy, not just neural circuitry, must be considered to fully understand the development and evolution of behavior. (elifesciences.org)
For his PhD, he joined the lab of Matt Hahn (also at Indiana University), majoring in both Bioinformatics and Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior. (unc.edu)
A synthesis of current ideas on the evolution of insect sociality shows how mutualism, parental manipulation, and kin selection could all have operated, either in conjunction or independently, to produce extreme altruism (worker sterility) starting with different kinds of primitice groups. (uchicago.edu)
Pollinators are key drivers of floral evolution through natural selection on floral traits. (lu.se)

Our findings suggest feature integration, and motor control may occur as simultaneous operations within the same neuron and establish the Drosophila escape circuit as a model system in which these computations may be further dissected at the circuit level. (janelia.org)
Our data not only demonstrate that Drosophila song production is not a fixed action pattern, but establish Drosophila as a valuable new model for studies of rapid decision-making under both social and naturalistic conditions. (zotero.org)
To help develop mechanistic insight from these models, we developed analytical tools for multi-model inference and model selection. (bvsalud.org)
Our lab will develop several new physiology-ready, tethered walking preparations using Drosophila as a model system. (rayshubskiylab.org)

In contrast, the yellow locus exhibits patterns of amino acid divergence and nucleotide diversity that are consistent with recent diversifying selection acting in two different lineages. (nau.edu)

However, state-of-the-art algorithms for selecting and executing limb behaviors in robots are still quite primitive compared with those used by animals. (cyber-valley.de)

In particular, Dan's graduate work revealed a previously underappreciated source of gene copy number variants-a process called retrotransposition-and characterized the genomic landscape of these variants in humans and Drosophila . (unc.edu)

Here, we identify a visual projection neuron type that conveys predator approach information to the Drosophila giant fiber (GF) escape circuit. (janelia.org)
Collier, the single Drosophila COE (Collier/EBF/Olf-1) transcription factor, is required in several developmental processes, including head patterning and specification of muscle and neuron identity during embryogenesis. (sdbonline.org)
Characterization of a selection of candidates, using transgenic CRM-reporter assays, identified direct Col targets in dorso-lateral somatic muscles and specific neuron types in the central nervous system . (sdbonline.org)

This selection appears to be targeting amino acid variants in the signal sequence of the Yellow protein, a region which is tightly constrained among members of the larger D. cardini radiation. (nau.edu)

Subordinant behavior among primates and other animals living in groups of relatives may sometimes represent a kind of altruism that is advantageous (in terms of inclusive fitness) to the subordinant individual, providing the subordinant individual is a reproductively inferior relative of the dominant individual and contributes sufficiently to the dominant individual's reproduction. (uchicago.edu)

Many animals use motion vision information to control dynamic behaviors. (springer.com)
Our ongoing project aims to elucidate how cells recognize temperature or cellular events caused by the temperature changes and control the expression of DESAT1 to adapt the cellular processes and behaviors," Umeda said. (asbmb.org)
Functional expression of CpomORs therefore represents a valuable tool that can be utilized to further investigate mechanisms of insect OR function and develop novel means to intervene and control the pest's behavior. (fmach.it)
We are also leveraging our experience in studying Drosophila, to uncover new strategies to control the mosquito, Aedes aegypti , which spreads viruses that cause disease affecting hundreds of millions of people each year. (ucsb.edu)

There was support for this hypothesis in the male response to selection, but not for selected-line females. (unl.edu)
When males are infertile, females may mate with multiple males to ensure fertilization, and changes in female mating behavior in turn could intensify selection on male fertility. (uea.ac.uk)

Broadly speaking, the evolutionary function of valenced experience is to promote fitness-improving behaviors. (effectivealtruism.org)

Measuring thermal behaviour in Drosophila is complex, and many environmental factors and experimental noise that potentially influence the Tp have to be accounted for. (solamonrenewableenergy.com)

His graduate studies also quantified the spontaneous rates of new duplications and deletions in Drosophila , and their contribution to local adaptation. (unc.edu)

Temperature fluctuations are challenging for ectotherms which are not able to regulate body temperature by physiological means and thus have to adjust their thermal environment via behavior. (solamonrenewableenergy.com)

Over the past three decades, clinical and pharmacological studies have accumulated a body of evidence that not only demonstrated these therapeutic effects, but also provided significant insights into the pharmacokinetic behavior, therapeutic profile, and mode of action of scutellarin in humans and animal models. (cdc.gov)

A kin-selection interpretation of insect sociality is given which differs from that of Hamilton in not relying on extraordinarily high relatedness among the members of a colony. (uchicago.edu)

A central question in neuroscience concerns how nervous systems transform these originally segregated inputs into holistic multisensory representations, and how they use these representations to guide the selection of actions. (uqam.ca)

Motor program selection and timing emerge from linear integration of these two features within the GF. (janelia.org)

Instead, the models most accurately predicted the explicit saliency selections and eye movements made while performing saliency judgments. (zotero.org)
These motifs likely 1) filter sensory inputs before using them to update a working memory of the fly's head direction, 2) perform vector arithmetic to convert head direction to body direction 3) use the body direction signal to update working memories of desired goal locations, and 4) compare a goal location to the animal's ongoing movements to drive behavior. (cam.ac.uk)

Linear integration improves size detection invariance over prior models and appropriately biases motor selection to rapid, GF-mediated escapes during fast looms. (janelia.org)
Understanding neural architectural principles that support selection, maintenance, termination and appropriate sequencing of motor actions remains a key challenge. (rayshubskiylab.org)

Anatomy46

Organisms10

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology36

Phenomena and Processes101

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science7

Health Care9

Melanogaster21

Neurons13

Behavioral5

Courtship4

Larvae2

Circuits4

Species10

Genes3

Vertebrates2

Alfred Sturtevant1

Neuronal1

Genetic8

Pseudoobscura1

Connectome3

Flies3

Inhibition1

Simulans1

Underlie1

Populations2

Genetics1

Polarity1

Adaptive2

Molecular2

Additionally1

Vinegar1

Evolution4

Model4

Patterns1

Limb1

Gene1

Neuron3

Amino1

Contributes1

Control4

Females2

Evolutionary1

Behaviour1

Spontaneous1

Thermal1

Action1

Insect1

Neuroscience1

Emerge1

Movements2

Motor2