• We started with four yeast strains, one a S. cerevisiae strain, while the other three were S. cerevisiae × S. eubayanus hybrids. (suregork.com)
  • The allotetraploid hybrid had two copies of the chromosomes from both parent strains, while the allotriploid hybrid had two copies of the S. cerevisiae chromosomes, but only one copy of the S. eubayanus chromosomes. (suregork.com)
  • Interestingly, we saw this improvement with all four strains, not only the hybrids! (suregork.com)
  • To investigate the efficacy of this approach for traits relevant to lignocellulosic biofuel production, we generated synthetic hybrids by crossing engineered xylose-fermenting strains of S. cerevisiae with wild strains from various Saccharomyces species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is known that the genomes of newly created hybrids (particularly interspecies ones) tend to be quite unstable. (suregork.com)
  • In other industrial processes, such as wine and beer fermentation, interspecies hybrids have combined important traits from multiple species, suggesting that interspecies hybridization may also offer potential for biofuel research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These interspecies hybrids retained important parental traits, such as xylose consumption and stress tolerance, while displaying intermediate kinetic parameters and, in some cases, heterosis (hybrid vigor). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The lower SCE frequencies could neither be related to a higher number of chromosomes in the hybrid nor could they be related to the method of hybrid selection. (biologists.com)
  • while haploidization probably involves mitotic nondisjunctions which randomly reassort the chromosomes and result in the production of aneuploid and haploid cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chiasma formation is common in meiosis, where two homologous chromosomes break and rejoin, leading to chromosomes that are hybrids of the parental types. (wikipedia.org)
  • The recombined haploid nuclei appear among vegetative cells, which differ genetically from those of the parent mycelium. (wikipedia.org)
  • A haploid segregant of one good glycerol grower (CBS 6412-13A) was selected for detailed analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hybrids were all produced in our previous studies, and they included an allotetraploid one ( Y2 ), an allotriploid one ( Y3 ), and a POF- meiotic segregant, which was approximately diploid ( Y4 ). (suregork.com)
  • The relationship between the 'spontaneous' frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and tumorigenicity was studied in a series of hybrids between a C57BL melanoma cell line and diploid cells, but no correlation was found between the 2 variables. (biologists.com)
  • Fusion of the unlike nuclei in the cell of the heterokaryon results in formation of a diploid nucleus (karyogamy), which is believed to be unstable and can produce segregants by recombination involving mitotic crossing-over and haploidization. (wikipedia.org)
  • This means that their genomes, along with their phenotypic properties, can change as the hybrid is grown for several generations. (suregork.com)
  • Genome sequencing showed that the genomes of these evolved synthetic hybrids underwent rearrangements, duplications, and deletions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Variation of SCE frequencies was observed, however, between the different hybrid clones, and most hybrids showed consistently less SCE per chromosome than the corresponding parental cell types did under similar growth conditions. (biologists.com)
  • This is because higher ploidy hybrids tend to be more unstable, and in layman's terms 'have more starting material' available for adaptation. (suregork.com)
  • The S. cerevisiae strain was A-81062, an ale strain that was a common parent strain for all three hybrids (this is Y1 in the study). (suregork.com)
  • As I mentioned a couple of posts ago , the research project I've been dedicating most of my time to the past 18 months is one based on the adaptive evolution of newly created lager hybrids. (suregork.com)
  • Hybrids in which malignancy was suppressed and malignant segregants derived from them showed virtually identical SCE frequencies. (biologists.com)
  • In addition, recombinant inbred lines can provide both replicates from genetically identical individuals and samples from different segregants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The problem we have been concerned with is to find an in vitro correlate with tumorigenicity in a system of cell hybrids in the mouse. (biologists.com)
  • Accordingly, these kinds of exoproteins are involved in many physiological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumor metastasis and host defense [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its product is a GTP-binding protein which probably activates phospholipase C that generates the internal promoter diazylglycerol for kinase C, thus signalizing cell proliferation [14-16]. (science-connections.com)
  • It has been suggested that sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) might reflect a pathway by which cells can repair certain forms of chromosome damage( Latt & Juergens, 1977 ). (biologists.com)
  • Our previous studies showed that the expression of the monocyte-chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, a chemokine, which triggers the infiltration and activation of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, is abrogated in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive premalignant and malignant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its activity is also high in animal and human melanoma [19, 20], the cells of which are probably all derived from the neural crest cell-system. (science-connections.com)
  • A parasexual cycle is initiated by the fusion of hyphae (anastomosis) during which nuclei and other cytoplasmic components occupy the same cell (heterokaryosis and plasmogamy). (wikipedia.org)
  • The development of the "three-line" hybrid rice system based on cytoplasmic male sterility in the 1970s (first-generation) and the "two-line" hybrid rice system based on photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile lines (second-generation) in the 1980s has contributed significantly to rice yield increase and food security in China. (big.ac.cn)
  • Segregant analysis of a cross between CBS 6412-13A and CEN.PK113-1A revealed that the glycerol growth phenotype is a quantitative trait. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, the availability of p53 is apparently important for chemokine regulation, since TNF-α can induce MCP-1 only in human keratinocytes expressing the viral oncoprotein E7, but not in HPV16 E6 positive cells, where p53 becomes degraded. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the E.U. field trials, reference grain and forage samples also included 19 conventional, commercial hybrids. (ucdavis.edu)
  • iii) For developing hybrid varieties for commercial cultivation. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • These findings suggest that cell fusion might have induced epigenetic SCE frequency changes possibly in the same way as modulation of SCE frequencies is known to occur in the human leukocyte series. (biologists.com)
  • However, this insufficiency can be restored after fusion with normal cells, resulting in somatic cell hybrids that are no longer tumorigenic when inoculated into immunocompromised animals [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An integrated biorefinery concept alongside biodiesel production requires platform cell factories specifically suited to produce various valuable products from waste glycerol at industrial scale, such as commodity and high value fine chemicals as well as recombinant proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such a system should overcome the intrinsic problems of the "first-generation" and "second-generation" hybrid rice systems and hold great promise to further boost production of hybrid rice and other crops. (big.ac.cn)
  • 1984). Handbook of Plant Cell Culture. (inspirenignite.com)
  • Pang, J and Newman, IA and Mendham, NJ and Zhou, M and Shabala, SN, 'Microelectrode ion and O2 fluxes measurements reveal differential sensitivity of barley root tissues to hypoxia', Plant, Cell and Environment, 29 (6) pp. 1107-1121. (sapub.org)
  • This event was achieved by direct DNA transformation by microparticle bombardment of plant cells with DNA-coated gold particles and regeneration of plants by tissue culture on selective medium. (ucdavis.edu)
  • A general physiological role of p53 in MCP-1 regulation was further substantiated in HPV-negative cells harboring a temperature-sensitive mutant of p53 and in Li-Fraumeni cells, carrying a germ-line mutation of p53. (biomedcentral.com)
  • gem homozygous receptor mutant HCs display normal cell viability, afferent synaptogenesis, and peripheral innervation, yet exhibit strongly reduced extracellular potentials (∼50% of wild-type potentials). (jneurosci.org)
  • We took samples after 10, 20 and 30 fermentations, and isolated single cell isolates on agar (B). During the small-scale fermentations, we monitored optical density to see if there was an improvement in growth over time. (suregork.com)
  • Here we describe the development and implementation of the "third-generation" hybrid rice breeding system that is based on a transgenic approach to propagate and utilize stable recessive nuclear male sterile lines, and as such, the male sterile line and hybrid rice produced using such a system is non-transgenic. (big.ac.cn)
  • High activity of src measured as activity of its product, the pp60c-src kinase, was detected in the nervous cell systems of all groups of animals tested. (science-connections.com)
  • We decided to exploit this instability, by growing (and adapting) some of our hybrids in media containing high ethanol concentrations for 130+ generations. (suregork.com)
  • In addition, we will consider methods such as quantum Monte-Carlo or hybrid QM/MM methods for larger or biological systems. (european-mrs.com)
  • Ideally, conventional non-GM corn hybrids are also included in analyses to determine the level of natural variation for compositional data in conventional varieties that are considered to be safe for consumption based on a history of safe use. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Chemokines play a crucial role in innate and adaptive immunity by attracting and activating specific subsets of effector leukocytes, cells from the monocyte/macrophage lineage as well as natural killer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I won't copy the numbers in here (have a look in the article if you are interested), but we saw quite large decreases in DNA content in the isolates obtained from the tetraploid hybrid, while the isolates remained more similar (one exception though). (suregork.com)
  • Biotechnology applications in male sterility/hybrid breeding, molecularfarming. (inspirenignite.com)
  • L-type Ca 2+ channels (LTCCs) drive the bulk of voltage-gated Ca 2+ entry in vertebrate inner ear hair cells (HCs) and are essential for mammalian auditory processing. (jneurosci.org)
  • Any of sup45-n mutations result in temperature sensitivity (37°C). Most of the sup45-n mutations lead to decreased spore viability and spores bearing sup45-n mutations are characterized by limited budding after germination leading to formation of microcolonies of 4-20 cells. (biomedcentral.com)