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Muscle Fibers, SkeletalMusclesMuscle Fibers, Fast-TwitchMuscle Fibers, Slow-TwitchMuscle, SkeletalMuscle ContractionMuscle ProteinsMuscle DevelopmentMuscle, SmoothNerve FibersMuscle DenervationMuscle, Smooth, VascularMyofibrilsMuscle FatigueRana temporariaIsometric ContractionMitochondria, MuscleMyosin Heavy ChainsPsoas MusclesDietary FiberMuscle SpindlesSarcomeresOculomotor MusclesNeuromuscular JunctionCalciumMuscle RelaxationMuscular AtrophyMuscular DiseasesMuscle, StriatedRana pipiensElectric StimulationRabbitsThoracicaMuscle WeaknessNeck MusclesTime FactorsAnuraMyocytes, Smooth MuscleMotor NeuronsDiaphragmMasseter MuscleSatellite Cells, Skeletal MuscleElectromyographyMuscular Dystrophy, AnimalMineral FibersQuadriceps MuscleHindlimbMembrane PotentialsRespiratory MusclesPapillary MusclesMice, Inbred mdxMasticatory MusclesMyosinsBiomechanical PhenomenaAbdominal MusclesIntercostal MusclesMuscle CellsHistocytochemistryMotor EndplateFacial MusclesAction PotentialsMicroscopy, ElectronMolecular Sequence DataSarcoplasmic ReticulumCotton FiberPectoralis MusclesSarcolemmaDystrophinRegenerationNADH Tetrazolium ReductaseRanidaeKineticsRana esculentaRats, WistarModels, BiologicalMyoblastsCells, CulturedSkeletal Muscle MyosinsActinsCaffeineImmunohistochemistryAmino Acid SequenceCatsCrustaceaTendonsPurkinje FibersMuscular DystrophiesGlycogenRats, Sprague-DawleyStress FibersStress, MechanicalBase SequenceReceptors, CholinergicAnterior Eye SegmentRNA, MessengerNeural ConductionElectrophysiologyHypertrophyProtein IsoformsNerve Fibers, Myelinated
ConnectiveInnervateLoss of skeletal muscle massTissueImpulsesAfferent fibersSarcolemmaSomaticStimulationPosteriorJointsExternal urethralNerveTransverseFilamentsContractionsCollagenTissuesWeaknessGlandsLeads to contractionBody'sIntrinsicInnervatesFibresCranialMuscle'sMicroscopic AnatomyLumbarParasympatheticPacemakerResectionContraction forceShortenFasciclesCellsCardiac musclesOphthalmoplegiaTwitchPathologyInnervationProteinsPhysiologicalVisceralBrainstemUrethraHistologyBlood vesselsMyofibersAxonPharyngealExcitatoryMetabolismNervesSacralDepolarizationBladderOrgansAxonsOutflowPelvicBasicsSingleMechanicalConcentric muscle actionsSmooth muscleLigamentsCytoplasm
Connective13
Innervate6
  • Alpha-adrenergic fibers innervate the smooth muscle fibers in the trigone and urethra, resulting in contraction of these muscle fibers to form a functional internal urethral sphincter. (dvm360.com)
  • The two motor fibres, which innervate antagonistic muscles, are reversely excited and inhibited by these fields. (caltech.edu)
  • 4. For the majority of the interneurones which innervate more than two abdominal segments it has been proved that they synapse with primary sensory fibres in each of the ganglia that these enter. (caltech.edu)
  • General visceral efferent fibers include preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers, which innervate lacrimal and seromucous glands in the nasal cavity and palate via the greater superficial petrosal nerve and sublingual and submandibular glands via the chorda tympani nerve. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Autonomic nerve fibers innervate cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. (blogspot.com)
  • While the general somatic efferent (GSE) fibers (alpha and gamma motor neurons of the anterior horn) continue in the spinal nerve trunks to innervate skeletal muscle fibers and muscle spindles, almost all of the GVE fibers leave the spinal nerve trunks to enter sympathetic ganglia via a thin arm, the white ramus (Figs-1, 2, and 3). (blogspot.com)
Loss of skeletal muscle mass2
  • Sarcopenia is generally defined as the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This effect can be explained by the fact that the loss of skeletal muscle mass in response to the fat-burning effects of oxandrolone can be offset in part by the muscle tissue being regenerated as a result of blood-flow restriction (12). (litteraturochmer.com)
Tissue18
  • This paper provides a step-by-step protocol describing how to handle the tissue, conduct the imaging, and use stereological methods to obtain unbiased and quantitative data on fiber type-specific subcellular glycogen distribution in skeletal muscle. (jove.com)
  • Methods were devised for the rapid removal of the stimulated cheliped to liquid air and for the analysis of the frozen muscle tissue. (caltech.edu)
  • This transmission of impulses makes cardiac muscle tissue similar to nerve tissue, although cardiac muscle cells are notably connected to each other by intercalated discs . (wikidoc.org)
  • The purpose of this study is to explore the difference of abdominal fat and muscle composition, especially subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, in different stages of colorectal cancer (CRC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Skeletal muscle (SM), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) were assessed at the third lumbar level on computed tomography images obtained within 30 days before colonoscopy or surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • elasticity - ability of a muscle tissue to elongate or stretch fascia - layers of dense. (cheatography.com)
  • muscle - body tissue made of long cells that contract when stimulated and produce motion myofibril - contra-ctile unit composed of myosin and actin myosin - fibrous protein that forms (together with actin) the contra-ctile filaments of muscle cells and is also involved in motion in other types of cells. (cheatography.com)
  • Muscle tissue has the property of contra-cti-lity. (cheatography.com)
  • Muscle tissue has the ability to develop tension in response to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli. (mhmedical.com)
  • when viewed under a microscope, skeletal muscle tissue has a striped or striated appearance. (thefitnessfaq.com)
  • The 3 types of muscle tissue are cardiac, smooth, and skeletal. (thefitnessfaq.com)
  • The use of patient's own bone marrow aspirates, hematopoietic stem cells and MSCs, for heart muscle tissue repair can be puzzling because these cells do not normally contribute to the cardiac lineage types that are desired. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The presence and generation of creatinine kinase (CK), a marker that shows damage to skeletal and cardiac tissue, as well as elevated myoglobin levels in the blood, are the most significant indicators of cellular damage after a marathon. (longdistancerunning.net)
  • Often, muscle tears begin by breaking or weakening the muscle fibers and causing irritation to the soft tissue. (litteraturochmer.com)
  • Skeletal muscle is a complex tissue composed of thousands of individual multinucleated myofibers. (arvojournals.org)
  • In recent research, scientists managed to activate the precursors of muscle cells, which contributes to aiding muscular regeneration and rebuilding damaged tissue. (sciencetrend.ca)
  • Salk Institute researchers are finding methods to speed up methods to accelerate the regeneration of muscle tissue, utilizing a combination of molecular compounds that are generally utilized in the stem-cell analysis. (sciencetrend.ca)
  • The analysis offers perception into the underlying mechanisms associated with muscle regeneration and growth and will help athletes and aging adults regenerate tissue more effectively. (sciencetrend.ca)
Impulses5
  • Depending on the segment stimulated with respect to the leading-off position, both ascending and descending impulses are obtained in such interneurones and collision of the impulses has been observed. (caltech.edu)
  • The brain sends out electrical impulses to these various muscle groups to control posture by alternate contraction and relaxation. (lumenlearning.com)
  • The somatic afferents conduct impulses received from outside the body or produced by movements of the muscles and joints, those from the muscles and joints also being known as proprioceptive fibres. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • The general visceral afferent (GVA) fibers conduct sensory impulses (usually pain or reflex sensations) from the internal organs, glands, and blood vessels to the central nervous system. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Ascending tracts: Groups of nerve fibers in the spinal cord that transmit sensory impulses upward to the brain. (chiariproject.org)
Afferent fibers4
  • What are general somatic afferent fibers? (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • What is the difference between somatic afferent fibers and visceral afferent fibers? (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • The somatic and visceral afferent fibers of the oropharynx are supplied by a plexus derived from the vagus, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Although general visceral afferent fibers are part of the ANS, they are not classified as part of the sympathetic or parasympathetic system. (darkskiesfilm.com)
Sarcolemma2
  • The physiologic basis of flaccid weakness is inexcitability of the muscle membrane (ie, sarcolemma). (medscape.com)
  • 1 2 Residing outside the sarcolemma but within the basal lamina of individual myofibers is a population of cells that are responsible for muscle repair and regeneration, the satellite cells. (arvojournals.org)
Somatic2
  • The sacral spinal cord segments S1-3 are also the source of the somatic innervation to the external urethral sphincter via the pudendal nerve. (dvm360.com)
  • Where are the cell bodies of somatic and visceral afferent sensory fibers located? (darkskiesfilm.com)
Stimulation15
  • Representative EJPs evoked by segmental nerve stimulation of Ctrl, Δtb-GFP, and Δtb-TBPH in muscle fiber 6/7 of A3 in third instar larvae. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For each fiber, 15 EPPs following 0.5-Hz stimulation were considered. (biomedcentral.com)
  • stimulation results in detrusor muscle relaxation and facilitates bladder filling. (dvm360.com)
  • The normal storage phase is created by sympathetic autonomic domination, which results in detrusor muscle relaxation and urethral sphincter contraction created by alpha-adrenergic stimulation. (dvm360.com)
  • stimulation of the pelvic nerve results in depolarization of pacemaker fibers throughout the detrusor muscle. (dvm360.com)
  • Stimulation of the pudendal nerve causes contraction of the striated skeletal muscle of the external urethral sphincter. (dvm360.com)
  • Parasympathetic activity via the motor portion of the pelvic nerve causes the detrusor muscle to contract and there is simultaneous inhibition of the sympathetic stimulation that closes the internal urethral sphincter. (dvm360.com)
  • In addition, segments of the total response could be elicited selectively by alteration of the frequency and duration of stimulation. (caltech.edu)
  • Stimulation of this axon results, when appropriate stimuli are used, in two types of contractions comparable with the fast and slow contractions of doubly motor-innervated crustacean muscles. (caltech.edu)
  • It has been shown that stimulation of synapses of the giant motor fibers of the third roots of Cambarus clarkii can block transmission at other synapses located on the same fiber. (caltech.edu)
  • One of these, resulting from stimulation of the thicker fiber, is termed the "fast" contraction, while the other is called the "slow. (caltech.edu)
  • In contrast to this, single shocks given to the thinner fiber produce no visible response in the muscle, but faradic stimulation causes action currents which grow in height and a contraction with a long latent period. (caltech.edu)
  • Unlike skeletal muscle , which contracts in response to nerve stimulation, and like single unit smooth muscle, cardiac muscle is myogenic , meaning that it is self-excitable stimulating contraction without a requisite electrical impulse coming from the central nervous system. (wikidoc.org)
  • Which combination of changes to the number of muscle fibers recruited, frequency of muscle stimulation and velocity of muscle contraction will enable this muscle sample to generate the greatest force? (osmosis.org)
  • The reticular formation is a group of fibers that carry stimulation related to sleep and arousal through the brainstem. (flashnews.net)
Posterior10
  • It was found that the primary sensory fibres of the dorsal muscle receptor organs, entering through the second root, send out an anterior branch to the brain and a posterior one to the last ganglion. (caltech.edu)
  • 3. The segmental divisions of the external skeleton and of the nervous system do not coincide, the neural segment slants in a posterior dorsal direction with respect to the skeletal one. (caltech.edu)
  • The posterior abdominal wall is formed by the lumbar vertebrae, parts of the ilia of the hip bones, psoas major and iliacus muscles, and quadratus lumborum muscle. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Additionally, the urethra is divided into both anterior and posterior segments. (medscape.com)
  • The membranous and prostatic urethra are considered elements of the posterior segment. (medscape.com)
  • Receptors in the posterior pharynx are then activated to initiate the involuntary phase of deglutition, which involves carefully sequenced contraction of numerous head and neck muscles. (nature.com)
  • Pathological spondylolisthesis occurs because of the presence of pathological changes in the posterior supporting structures of the intervertebral segment (with the defeat tumor or inflammatory diseases). (vsebolezni.com)
  • Facet joints limit the deflection of the vertebral segment and posterior limit of circular motion. (vsebolezni.com)
  • Zenker's diverticulum is protruding of the mucosa and submucosa through the posterior hypopharyngeal wall at an area of muscular weakness ( Killian's dehiscence ) between the lower fibers of the inferior constrictor muscle and the upper fibers of the cricopharyngeus. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Cerebellum: Portion of the brain that lies in the posterior fossa and coordinates skeletal muscle movement. (chiariproject.org)
Joints6
  • Tendons spanning fixed joints were shorter than expected, and corresponding muscles displayed decreased mass and altered color. (cdc.gov)
  • The skeletal muscles, like the joints, are designed to contribute to the body's need for both mobility and stability. (mhmedical.com)
  • To complete our understanding of muscle function, we will analyze the function of muscles working across joints to attempt to produce the intricate movements we use for daily activities, work, sport, and play. (mhmedical.com)
  • Even when you're sitting perfectly still, when meditating for example, your muscles are still contracting a bit to stabilize joints and bones. (osmosis.org)
  • By stretching in this way, you are strengthening muscles in a new range of motion and working all the tiny stabilizer muscles around your joints that help hold the joints together. (strength-and-power-for-volleyball.com)
  • Most isokinetic devices available on the market focus on quantifying strength about isolated joints or body segments, for example, trunk extension and flex- ion (see Figure 7). (cdc.gov)
External urethral2
  • Voiding is consciously inhibited by voluntary contraction of striated urethral muscles and is reflexly inhibited by a spinal reflex, which tightens the external urethral sphincter when there is a sharp increase in intra-abdominal pressure (e.g., barking, coughing, sneezing, or retching). (dvm360.com)
  • 1] The external urethral sphincter is made up of the skeletal muscle comprising the pelvic floor and is under voluntary control. (medscape.com)
Nerve17
  • Sympathetic innervation to the bladder via the hypogastric nerve is composed of preganglionic fibers exiting the lumbar spinal cord from the L1-4 spinal cord segments and synapsing in the caudal mesenteric ganglion. (dvm360.com)
  • Parasympathetic innervation to the bladder is provided by the pelvic nerve, which arises from the sacral spinal cord segments S1-3. (dvm360.com)
  • It is concluded that all four contractions take place in all the muscle fibres and that the conception of the mechanism of crustacean nerve muscle system developed before is enlarged to include the new results. (caltech.edu)
  • In the first place, two contractile substances might be present, a "phasic" and a "tonic" one, analogous to those supposed by Botazzi (4) in the vertebrate striated muscle, or the same substance might contract in both cases, the difference between the contractions being due solely to differences in the transmission mechanism between the nerve impulse and the contractile substance. (caltech.edu)
  • Special visceral efferent fibers (SVE) are the efferent nerve fibers that provide motor innervation to the muscles of the pharyngeal arches in humans, and the branchial arches in fish. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Where are visceral nerve fibers found? (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Axons enter the pons to form the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve, which courses caudally through the medulla to the level of the first cervical spinal cord segment. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • During the phase of storage or continence the urinary bladder remains relaxed and slowly adapts to the filling due to the activation of the β-adrenergic receptors generated by autonomous sympathetic route by the hypogastric nerve towards the β-activated receptors in the bladder and simultaneously generating the excitation of the β-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the urethra. (vin.com)
  • If the autonomic nerve fibers to an effector organ are cut, the organ may continue to function, but will lack the capability of adjusting to changing conditions. (blogspot.com)
  • If the autonomic nerve fibers to the heart are cut, the heart will continue to beat and pump blood normally, but its ability to increase cardiac output under stress will be seriously limited. (blogspot.com)
  • In either case the nerve fibers of the ANS are motor only, and represent the general visceral efferent (GVE) fibers of the cranial and spinal nerves. (blogspot.com)
  • The nerve fibers which comprise the sympathetic system originate in the inter-mediolateral horn (lamina VII) of the gray matter in all twelve thoracic and the first two lumbar segments of the spinal cord. (blogspot.com)
  • The axons of these GVE fibers travel through the anterior horn and exit the cord in the anterior root before entering the spinal nerve. (blogspot.com)
  • Some of the fibers from nerve cells within the ganglia return to the spinal nerve trunk via a gray ramus. (blogspot.com)
  • For example, when you think about moving your arm using your biceps muscle, your brain sends a signal down a nerve cell telling your biceps muscle to contract. (howstuffworks.com)
  • The amount of force that the muscle creates varies -- the muscle can contract a little or a lot depending on the signal that the nerve sends. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Axon: A nerve fiber that conducts a nerve impulse away from a neuron cell body. (chiariproject.org)
Transverse1
  • Each muscle is segmented by three transverse bands of collagen fibers called the tendinous intersections . (lumenlearning.com)
Filaments7
  • Third, the thick and thin filaments of smooth muscle are found in long, random bundles throughout the cells. (mhmedical.com)
  • contra-ction - shortening of the muscles cross bridges - the head of a myosin molecule that projects from a myosin filament in muscle and in the sliding filament of muscle contra-ction is held to attach tempor-arily to an adjacent actin filament and draw it into the A band of a sarcomere between the myosin filaments. (cheatography.com)
  • The striations are the result of highly ordered actin and myosin filaments within sarcomeres, the basic contractile units of muscle fibers (see images below). (thefitnessfaq.com)
  • Sliding of the myosin thick filaments along the actin thin filaments within the sarcomeres leads to contraction of striated muscle fibers. (thefitnessfaq.com)
  • These filaments don't extend through the entire length of the muscle fiber - instead they're arranged into shorter segments called sarcomeres. (osmosis.org)
  • When the muscle contracts, the thick filaments pull the thin filaments above and below it towards the M line. (osmosis.org)
  • Myofibrils contain two types of filaments that run along the long axis of the fiber, and these filaments are arranged in hexagonal patterns. (howstuffworks.com)
Contractions9
  • The effectiveness with which different contractions in a number of muscles can be inhibited was investigated. (caltech.edu)
  • The most striking difference between the two contractions is found in the adductor muscle of the cheliped of the crayfish. (caltech.edu)
  • The chemical changes occurring in the adductor muscle of the cheliped of the crayfish Cambarus clarkii during these two types of contraction were investigated in order to obtain evidence on two possible mechanisms by which the two contractions might occur in the same muscle fiber. (caltech.edu)
  • Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells during systole propel blood out of the atria and ventricles to the blood vessels of the systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems . (wikidoc.org)
  • Since cardiac muscle is myogenic, the pacemaker serves only to modulate and coordinate contractions. (wikidoc.org)
  • This combination of eccentric and concentric contractions is the most important type of daily muscle action and plays a significant role in natural locomotion such as walking, running or jumping. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, we investigated the force output and work produced by single skinned fibers of rat soleus muscles during and after ramp contractions at a constant velocity. (frontiersin.org)
  • First, the degree of smooth muscle cell shortening with contractions may be one order of magnitude greater than that attained in striated muscle cells. (mhmedical.com)
  • Groups of motor units often work together to coordinate the contractions of a single muscle. (strength-and-power-for-volleyball.com)
Collagen4
  • collagen is a protein which comprises bundles of flexible but strong white fibers. (cheatography.com)
  • The cross-linkages result in the formation of very strong, mature type II collagen fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • All of these mutations prevent the normal production of mature type II collagen, which results in the severe skeletal abnormalities seen in this disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The increase in collagen synthesis and the subsequent increased muscle fiber hypertrophy, resulting in improved force-velocity, is also enhanced (18,24). (litteraturochmer.com)
Tissues4
  • This improved muscle capability is related to various mechanisms, including pre-activation, stretch-reflex responses and elastic recoil from serial elastic tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • What I said previously was all possible because our body contains three types of muscle tissues: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal. (bladeresearchinc.com)
  • 1 Properties of the contractile and noncontractile tissues and the ways in which they are interrelated give muscles their unique characteristics. (mhmedical.com)
  • Tissues with a high energy demand (eg, brain, nerves, retina, skeletal and cardiac muscle) are particularly vulnerable to defects in oxidative phosphorylation. (msdmanuals.com)
Weakness5
  • Simply writing, "R/O polymyositis" or "weakness", or worse, "muscle weakness" (we would not be concerned about weakness of character here, so using the term muscle weakness in this context seems oddly redundant) does not provide the pathologist with any useful clinical information and is a disservice to the patient. (medscape.com)
  • Mitochondrial DNA with multiple different deletions shows clonal expansion, which leads to mitochondrial myopathy with ragged-red fibers and muscle weakness. (nih.gov)
  • The heterogeneous group of muscle diseases known as periodic paralyses (PP) is characterized by episodes of flaccid muscle weakness occurring at irregular intervals. (medscape.com)
  • Muscle strength is normal between attacks but, after a few years, some degree of fixed weakness develops in certain types of PP (especially primary PP). All forms of primary PP (except Becker myotonia congenita [MC]) are either autosomal dominant inherited or sporadic (most likely arising from point mutations). (medscape.com)
  • They appear due to genetic malformations of the vertebrae: cleft arches, defects of the vertebral body, the weakness of the cartilage of the vertebral segments in General. (vsebolezni.com)
Glands1
  • This is an important feature, enabling those effector organs which are innervated only by spinal nerves (cutaneous and skeletal muscle blood vessels, sweat glands, and pilomotor smooth muscle) to receive sympathetic input. (blogspot.com)
Leads to contraction1
  • The subsequent spread of excitation to adjoining muscle fibers through tight junctions of smooth muscle cells leads to contraction of the detrusor muscle. (dvm360.com)
Body's4
  • The muscles of the vertebral column, thorax, and abdominal wall extend, flex, and stabilize different parts of the body's trunk. (lumenlearning.com)
  • These enclose the rectus abdominis muscles (a pair of long, linear muscles, commonly called the "sit-up" muscles) that originate at the pubic crest and symphysis, and extend the length of the body's trunk. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Skeletal muscles comprise the body's muscular system and account for about 40-50% of a person's weight. (bladeresearchinc.com)
  • Skeletal muscles help keep the body balanced and in an upright position by maintaining the body's posture. (bladeresearchinc.com)
Intrinsic2
  • Power amplification mechanisms are able to work because the spring and muscles contain different intrinsic limits of power. (wikipedia.org)
  • The peripheral mechanism involves regional differences in the inhibitory and excitatory intramural nerves and intrinsic properties of the muscle. (nature.com)
Innervates1
Fibres8
  • 1. Among the optomotor fibres to the eye muscles in Carcinus a class was found which responds to unidirectional fast rotations around various body axes. (caltech.edu)
  • Two eye muscle motor fibres, also under statocyst control, are influenced by light on the limited sensory fields of two pairs of identifiable sustaining fibres. (caltech.edu)
  • 6. At least one interneurone is present in which all primary sensory fibres from the different segments to whose activity it responds collect in one ganglion. (caltech.edu)
  • The functions of the five fibres innervating the flexor muscle of the carpopodite was investigated in Panulirus interruptus. (caltech.edu)
  • An extension of the last fibre can, in a number of cases, be seen to join two fibres for the adductor of the dactylopodite, making the innervation of this muscle complete. (caltech.edu)
  • It is shown for the flexor of the carpopodite that each of the three fibres of this "completely" innervated muscle has a different function. (caltech.edu)
  • Skeletal muscle looks striped or "striated" - the fibres contain alternating light and dark bands (striations) like horizontal stripes on a rugby shirt. (thefitnessfaq.com)
  • In skeletal muscle, the fibres are packed into regular parallel bundles. (thefitnessfaq.com)
Cranial2
Muscle's4
  • Power amplification by the use of the tendons allows the muscle to produce power beyond the muscle's capacity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding muscle function begins with a clear picture of the muscle's structure, from the contractile proteins within each muscle fiber to the organization of the fibers in the entire muscle. (mhmedical.com)
  • Striations don't come from surface muscularity, but from deep, thick, full and complete development of individual muscles, and the only way to achieve that is to train heavy enough to activate all of that muscle's fibers, from deep in its belly to its outermost tie-ins. (thefitnessfaq.com)
  • To capitalize on a muscle's utmost potential to gain strength and speed, an athlete must raise the level of excitement in the muscle fibers and challenge them when they reach their highest potential. (strength-and-power-for-volleyball.com)
Microscopic Anatomy2
  • But to truly understand the muscular system, I also learned its microscopic anatomy, which was way more complicated than I expected because of all the processes our muscle fibers have to go through just to produce a single contraction. (bladeresearchinc.com)
  • Learning about the microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscles was not easy, but once I got the gist and started envisioning the parts of the muscle, it became natural for me to connect the anatomy and its physiology. (bladeresearchinc.com)
Lumbar2
  • The muscles of the lower back move the lumbar spine but also assist in femur movements. (lumenlearning.com)
  • A typical localization bias is the level of L4-L5 (lumbar segment between 4 and 5 vertebra). (vsebolezni.com)
Parasympathetic2
Pacemaker1
  • The cardiac muscle cells would still fire in the absence of a functioning SA node pacemaker, albeit in a chaotic and ineffective manner. (wikidoc.org)
Resection2
  • A common treatment for motility disorders of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) is a resection procedure in which there is surgical shortening of the muscle. (arvojournals.org)
  • In the rabbit, due to orbital constraints and limited rotation, resection results in more significant stretch of the surgically treated muscle than the antagonist. (arvojournals.org)
Contraction force2
  • This differs from the contraction force generated by skeletal muscle, which is always aligned with the axis of the muscle fibers. (mhmedical.com)
  • All that any muscle can do is create contraction force. (howstuffworks.com)
Shorten2
  • Muscle Belly to hold all muscle fibers together also to shorten when contra-cted. (cheatography.com)
  • Muscle contraction is the process by which muscle fibers shorten to generate force. (osmosis.org)
Fascicles1
Cells18
  • if two cardiac muscle cells are in contact, whichever one contracts first will stimulate the other to contract, and so on. (wikidoc.org)
  • Second, forces can be exerted in smooth muscle cells in multiple directions. (mhmedical.com)
  • At this point, I should have expected that our body is full of wonders, yet I still get amazed by facts such as there are more than 600 muscles in the human body and that it is made up of countless muscle cells which are specialized for the function of contracting. (bladeresearchinc.com)
  • What causes the visible striations in muscle cells? (thefitnessfaq.com)
  • Cardiac muscle cells are located in the walls of the heart, appear striped (striated), and are under involuntary control. (thefitnessfaq.com)
  • Muscle cells contain proteins called actin and myosin that interact with one another and form cross-bridges to produce a contraction. (osmosis.org)
  • A muscle is a bundle of many cells called fibers . (howstuffworks.com)
  • You can think of muscle fibers as long cylinders , and compared to other cells in your body, muscle fibers are quite big. (howstuffworks.com)
  • In the resected muscle and in the passively stretched antagonist muscle, there was a dramatic increase in the number of myofibers positive for neonatal MyHC and in the number of BrdU- and MyoD-positive satellite cells. (arvojournals.org)
  • Irradiation treatment, which eliminates satellite cells from these muscles, prevents the compensatory hypertrophy in these types of experiments. (arvojournals.org)
  • Another stimulus that activates satellite cells is stretching of the muscle. (arvojournals.org)
  • 7 8 9 In fact, passive stretching alone can activate limb muscle satellite cells. (arvojournals.org)
  • 10 Even more compelling is a recent study that subjected individual quiescent satellite cells isolated from adult limb muscle to stretching in vitro, and showed that direct stretching of the satellite cells themselves results in activation and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. (arvojournals.org)
  • In recent research, scientists unlocked ways to boost muscle regeneration in the experimental animal by activating the precursors of muscle cells. (sciencetrend.ca)
  • 2021), the investigators confirmed that utilizing these compounds increased the regeneration of muscle cells in mice by activating the precursors of muscle cells, known as myogenic progenitors. (sciencetrend.ca)
  • Within the myofiber-specific model, they discovered that adding the Yamanaka factors accelerated muscle regeneration in mice by decreasing the levels of a protein referred to as Wnt4 in the area of interest, which activated the satellite cells. (sciencetrend.ca)
  • In contrast, Yamanaka factors didn't activate satellite cells within the satellite-cell-specific model and didn't enhance muscle regeneration, suggesting that Wnt4 performs an essential role in muscle regeneration. (sciencetrend.ca)
  • An absolute requirement for Pax7-positive satellite cells in acute injury-induced skeletal muscle regeneration. (sciencetrend.ca)
Cardiac muscles1
  • Smooth muscle is so called because of the lack of the appearance of striations (stripes) as seen in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. (thefitnessfaq.com)
Ophthalmoplegia2
  • Sporadic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and Kearns-Sayre syndrome are usually associated with single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions in muscle. (nih.gov)
  • We studied several members of a Swedish family with autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia and multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions by polymerase chain reaction analysis of single muscle fibers and by in situ hybridization, combined with enzyme histochemical analysis. (nih.gov)
Twitch4
  • In this case, a single impulse in the thicker motor fiber causes a twitch-like contraction, and the system behaves in almost all respects as does a single motor unit of a vertebrate muscle: single shocks of different strengths give twitches of a considerable strength and a constant height, and during tetanic contraction the action currents are all of the same magnitude. (caltech.edu)
  • The neurons also tell a muscle fiber whether it should behave like a fast-twitch muscle fiber or a slow-twitch muscle fiber. (strength-and-power-for-volleyball.com)
  • It is a twitch muscle only and contracts involuntarily . (howstuffworks.com)
  • Increasing the isokinetic speed of contraction will place increasing demands on Type II muscle fibers (fast twitch and fast oxida- tive glycolytic). (cdc.gov)
Pathology1
  • Knowledge of the fundamentals of muscle biopsy pathology is useful to promote understanding of the pathogenesis of many types of neuromuscular disorders and assists the non-pathologist clinician to understand reports that he or she receives for the muscle biopsies from his or her patients. (medscape.com)
Innervation4
  • The physiological and anatomical features of the innervation of the four most distal muscles in the legs of Eupagurus are described. (caltech.edu)
  • A double motor innervation has been shown for several muscles of marine crustaceans. (caltech.edu)
  • The innervation of the muscles of the cheliped of Cambarus clarkii has been investigated both anatomically and physiologically. (caltech.edu)
  • It is found that at least three of the six principal muscles of the cheliped show a triple innervation. (caltech.edu)
Proteins4
Physiological1
  • Shortening, lengthening, and SSCs were performed under physiological boundary conditions with 85% of the maximum shortening velocity and stretch-shortening magnitudes of 18% of the optimum muscle length. (frontiersin.org)
Visceral2
Brainstem1
  • The signal transmitted by the brain is routed through 2 intermediate segments (the brainstem and the sacral spinal cord) prior to reaching the bladder. (medscape.com)
Urethra2
  • 2] The anterior segment includes the urethral meatus to the bulbar penile urethra. (medscape.com)
  • The internal urethral sphincter, located at the junction of the urethra and the bladder, is made up of smooth muscle fibers from the bladder's detrusor muscle and is involuntarily controlled. (medscape.com)
Histology1
  • The article Skeletal Muscle - Structure and Histology provides a review of normal skeletal muscle histology and ultrastructure, including the histologic appearance of normal muscle with some of the various stains that are used for the processing of muscle biopsies. (medscape.com)
Blood vessels1
  • To summarize the types of muscles, smooth muscles are found in the walls of hollow internal organs and blood vessels of the body, such as the interior of the eye, the small intestine, the bronchioles of the respiratory tract, the urinary bladder, and many more, except for the heart. (bladeresearchinc.com)
Myofibers6
  • Here is an example to illustrate the lack of specificity of histopathologic findings and the importance of clinical information for interpretation of a muscle biopsy: A biopsy might exhibit myofibers that contain clear vacuoles on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections. (medscape.com)
  • The addition of BrdU-positive myonuclei increased from 1 per 1000 myofibers in cross sections of control muscles to 2 to 3 per 100 myofibers in the resected muscles. (arvojournals.org)
  • Both active and passive stretch of the rectus muscles produced by strabismus surgery dramatically upregulated the processes of satellite cell activation, integration of new myonuclei into existing myofibers, and concomitant upregulation of immature myosin heavy chain isoforms. (arvojournals.org)
  • It is considered postmitotic, in that the myonuclei residing within these myofibers do not divide in adult muscle. (arvojournals.org)
  • 3 When a muscle is injured, this specialized cell population becomes activated, divides, and either repairs damaged fibers or forms new myofibers. (arvojournals.org)
  • In vivo partial reprogramming of myofibers promotes muscle regeneration by remodeling the stem cell niche. (sciencetrend.ca)
Axon3
Pharyngeal1
  • The food bolus is rapidly pushed toward the esophagus by the pharyngeal constrictor muscles. (nature.com)
Excitatory1
  • The heart is constituted by three types of muscle: atrial, ventricular, and specialized excitatory and conducting fibers. (bvsalud.org)
Metabolism1
  • Through these fibers the ANS plays a role in regulating (1) blood pressure and flow, (2) gastrointestinal movements and secretions, (3) body temperature, (4) bronchial dilation, (5) blood glucose levels, (6) metabolism, (7) micturition and defecation, (8) pupillary light and accommodation reflexes, and (9) glandular secretions, just to name a few. (blogspot.com)
Nerves1
  • Consequently, all 31 pairs of spinal nerves are in contact with the sympathetic chain and carry fibers of the sympathetic system. (blogspot.com)
Sacral1
  • When there is preservation of sensation and/or motor activity below the neurological level of insult that includes the lowest sacral segments (S4-S5), the injury is termed incomplete. (dovepress.com)
Depolarization2
  • All forms of familial PP show the final mechanistic pathway involving aberrant depolarization, inactivating sodium channels, and muscle fiber inexcitability. (medscape.com)
  • Ion channel dysfunction is usually well compensated with normal excitation, and additional triggers are often necessary to produce muscle inexcitability owing to sustained membrane depolarization. (medscape.com)
Bladder2
  • 3 Even if the tumor infiltrates the bladder, rectum, retroperitoneum, pelvic bone, or levator ani muscle, the patients are often asymptomatic. (asjo.in)
  • When the bladder becomes full, the stretch receptors of the detrusor muscle send a signal to the pons, which in turn notifies the brain. (medscape.com)
Organs1
  • The three layers of muscle also help to protect the internal abdominal organs in an area where there is no bone. (lumenlearning.com)
Axons1
Outflow1
  • the outflow tract closes and the detrusor muscle relaxes for filling. (dvm360.com)
Pelvic1
  • Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of the pelvic region revealed a well-defined long segment heterogeneous density lesion measuring 11 cm × 5 cm with central cystic areas extending from right pararectal space up to labia majora. (asjo.in)
Basics1
  • Now let's dive into some basics of muscle physiology, starting with a single muscle cell or muscle fiber . (osmosis.org)
Single5
  • A single impulse in the thick fibre does not cause a contraction, but sets up a muscle-action current. (caltech.edu)
  • This is necessary so that no single muscle group becomes fatigued too quickly. (lumenlearning.com)
  • It makes no difference if your major training emphasis was a single large marathon or you recently completed a long training segment that included a range of small events. (longdistancerunning.net)
  • When a single motoneuron is excited, all the muscle fibers attached to it are stimulated simultaneously. (strength-and-power-for-volleyball.com)
  • Addition of new myonuclei occurred in random locations along the myofiber length of single fibers. (arvojournals.org)
Mechanical7
  • The timing of muscle activation is very important for utilizing the mechanical and energetic benefits of tendon elasticity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous combination of careful experiments, with anatomical (e.g. tendon dimensions), mechanical (e.g. force plate recordings) and mathematical calculations revealed that a significant fraction of the work done with each step could be provided by the spring-like action of tendons, rather than by muscle work. (wikipedia.org)
  • Residual force depression (rFD) following active muscle shortening and residual force enhancement (rFE) following active muscle stretch ( Abbott and Aubert, 1952 ) are fundamentally accepted mechanical properties of skeletal muscle ( Rassier, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Varied stimuli such as mechanical stretch, inflammation, and endocrine and paracrine signals modulate the transition of the smooth muscle cell into phenotypes that provide cell growth, proliferation, secretion, and contractility. (mhmedical.com)
  • After examining muscle structure, we examine the basic mechanical properties of muscle fibers, the muscle in its entirety, and groups of muscles. (mhmedical.com)
  • At the extremes of the range of motion of a joint, the muscle has the least mechanical advantage, and the resis- tance offered by the machine is correspondingly lower. (cdc.gov)
  • Similarly, as the muscle reaches its optimal mechanical advantage, the resistance of the machine increases proportionally. (cdc.gov)
Concentric muscle actions1
  • A key feature of SSCs is the increase in muscular force and work during the concentric phase of a SSC by more than 50% compared with concentric muscle actions without prior stretch (SSC-effect). (frontiersin.org)
Smooth muscle10
  • Cardiac muscle is one of three major types of muscle, the others being skeletal and smooth muscle . (wikidoc.org)
  • In contrast to skeletal or cardiac muscle, the smooth muscle cell is not terminally differentiated and therefore is readily adaptable to environmental changes. (mhmedical.com)
  • Additionally, several smooth muscle qualities confer advantages for uterine contraction efficiency and fetal delivery. (mhmedical.com)
  • The corpora are made up of smooth muscle septae around vascular cavities. (medscape.com)
  • Peristalsis in the smooth muscle of the esophagus is dependent on both central and peripheral mechanisms. (nature.com)
  • There is then a transition zone where striated and smooth muscle intermix. (nature.com)
  • The lower esophageal sphincter ( LES ) and the distal one half to two thirds of the esophageal body are composed of smooth muscle. (nature.com)
  • What causes striations in smooth muscle? (thefitnessfaq.com)
  • Smooth muscle has the ability to stretch and maintain tension for long periods of time. (howstuffworks.com)
  • It can stretch in a limited way, like smooth muscle, and contract with the force of a skeletal muscle. (howstuffworks.com)
Ligaments1
  • The four centers are tightly coupled via the bones, muscles and ligaments and, in this way, represent what is called a link quadrangle (see figure in the center above). (aequos.de)
Cytoplasm1
  • Within the muscle fiber is the sarcoplasm, which is the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber . (osmosis.org)