Seeds of cytokinin receptor mutants cytokinin on plant growth. Medical search. Frequent questions

We used loss-of-function mutants to study three Arabidopsis thaliana sensor histidine kinases, AHK2, AHK3, and CRE1/AHK4, known to be cytokinin receptors. (nih.gov)
Suppressor mutagenesis of CKX1 overexpressing Arabidopsis plants (CKX1ox) led to the identification of the dominant mutants rock2 CKX1ox, rock3 CKX1ox and rock4 CKX1ox (Bartrina 2006), which showed a partial reversion of the cytokinin-deficient phenotype. (fu-berlin.de)
Additionally, transgenic lines expressing rock2, rock3, and rock4 under control of their own promoters were generated in wild-type Arabidopsis plants. (fu-berlin.de)
Abstract Arabidopsis methylation elevated mutant 1 (mem1) mutants have elevated levels of global DNA methylation. (cn1699.cn)
Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) (T)-DNA insertion lines enable rapid identification of mutant genes but are tedious to create in a mutant background of choice. (plantae.org)
To screen for unknown components of the cytokinin pathway in Arabidopsis, they started with a strain that is genetically sensitized to modest changes in cytokinin responsiveness. (plantae.org)
At least 20 type of putative ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR)-like channels have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. (intechopen.com)
However, application of iGluR agonists L-glutamate recovered Arabidopsis root growth. (intechopen.com)
Taken together, these results suggest a correlation between the putative iGluR-like channel function and the alteration of root growth and development in the Arabidopsis roots. (intechopen.com)
In Arabidopsis , many genes associated with seed development have been identified. (molcells.org)
Cell-type-specific cytokinin distribution within the Arabidopsis primary root apex. (chinaagrisci.com)
miR156-targeted SPL10 controls Arabidopsis root meristem activity and root-derived de novo shoot regeneration via cytokinin responses. (chinaagrisci.com)
9]Su W, Howell S H. A single genetic locus ckr1, defines Arabidopsis mutants in which root growth is resistant to low concentrations of cytokinin. (chinacrops.org)
Arabidopsis root growth is stimulated by Piriformospora indica , phosphate limitation and inactivation of the WRKY6 transcription factor. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to stimulating Pi metabolism, P. indica also enhances the expression of genes for nitrate reductase and the starch-degrading enzyme glucan-water dikinase in Arabidopsis roots [ 17 ] suggesting a strong fungal influence on the plant primary metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Materials and Methods Source and Plant Growth Conditions (Columbia-0 ecotype) was used as the WT and was obtained from the Arabidopsis Biological Research Center (ABRC), Columbus, OH, United States. (exposed-skin-care.net)
In this study, transcriptome data were derived from two Arabidopsis ecotypes, WS and Col-0, under three tilted growth conditions in order to identify candidate genes involved in skewing. (biomedcentral.com)
To determine whether DDRs induce plant resistance to pathogens, Arabidopsis plants were treated with bleomycin, a DNA damage-inducing agent, and the replication levels of viral pathogens and growth of bacterial pathogens were determined. (ppjonline.org)

For instance, 13 alleles (eight missense, four nonsense, and one for a splice site) were identified for His kinase ( ahk4 ), which is a predominant cytokinin receptor for root response (Riefler et al. (plantae.org)
it promotes the expression of IKU2, which encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase in the endosperm. (molcells.org)

Stem cell maintenance in the shoot is under the control of the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL (CLV-WUS) negative feedback-loop, which is tightly integrated with hormone function, in particular auxin and cytokinin that promote cell differentiation and proliferation, respectively 2 . (nature.com)
I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
Auxin plays important roles throughout plant growth and development. (x-mol.com)
However, the mechanisms of auxin regulation of plant structure are poorly understood. (x-mol.com)
Auxin polar transport regulates plant growth and development. (chinbullbotany.com)

ABA loss of function mutants exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes and simply applying ABA to plants induces an immediate stress response. (nature.com)

This result supports a negative regulatory role for cytokinin in root growth regulation. (nih.gov)
Plant hormones control all aspects of plant growth and development, including embryogenesis, the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense, stress tolerance and reproductive development. (wikipedia.org)
Further, 21 candidate genes within three potentially novel QTLs were identified, they were mainly involved in the regulation of phytohormone, cell division and proliferation, meristem development, plant or organ development, and carbohydrate transport. (biomedcentral.com)
When comparing the transcriptomes across developmental stages, we found an over-representation of genes involved in growth regulation in the early development stage in C. virgata . (frontiersin.org)
We suggest that the development of this response mechanism in motile algae may have been an important step in the evolution of terrestrial plants and that its retention therein strongly implicates ABA in the regulation of their relevant tropisms. (nature.com)
We also discuss several crucial mechanisms of miRNAs, their relationships with transcription factors and the target gene-mediated hormone signaling interactions in the regulation of root growth and development. (chinaagrisci.com)
The complex nature of growth regulation under stress has been highlighted in studies of plant responses to soil water deficit at developmental, physiological, and molecular levels. (stationzilla.com)
Expression profiles from the roots of wrky6 seedlings identified genes involved in hormone metabolism, transport, meristem, cell and plastid proliferation, and growth regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
As a result，increasing fruit quality by controlling chloroplast development has been a research emphasis，and significant progress has been made in the study of fruit chloroplast developmental regulation in tomatos an essential fruit vegetable and model plant. (ahs.ac.cn)

The concentration of hormones required for plant responses are very low (10−6 to 10−5 mol/L). Because of these low concentrations, it has been very difficult to study plant hormones, and only since the late 1970s have scientists been able to start piecing together their effects and relationships to plant physiology. (wikipedia.org)
Plant and Cell Physiology, 58, 426-439. (chinaagrisci.com)
Department of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. (pan.pl)

Abstract Legumes, unlike most land plants, can form symbiotic root nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to secure nitroge. (cn1699.cn)
Abstract Success of plants largely depends on their ability to defend against herbivores. (cn1699.cn)
Abstract Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits plant growth and development. (cn1699.cn)
ABSTRACT Ovule initiation is a key step that strongly influences ovule number and seed yield. (cn1699.cn)

The wild plant species adapted to the Mongolian grassland environment may allow us to explore useful genes, as a source of unique genetic codes for crop improvement. (frontiersin.org)
We discuss the possibility that C. virgata phytohormone signaling and biosynthesis genes regulate early germination and growth advantages. (frontiersin.org)
Several known cytokinin-responsive genes were identified, showing that the screening strategy was successful. (plantae.org)
2006). However, since the goal was to identify additional candidate genes for the cytokinin pathway, the known genes identified in the screen were eliminated. (plantae.org)
This filtering step allowed the authors to identify and focus on PA-SNPs overrepresented in the population, in genes that were most likely responsible for cytokinin hyposensitivity. (plantae.org)
Using the floral stage-specific RNAs, we found that the expression of MINI3 and IKU2, the two downstream genes of the SHB1 - MINI3 - IKU2 cascade in the seed development pathway, were particularly reduced in the RAV1 -overexpressing transgenic plants. (molcells.org)
The mutants of multiple type-A ARR genes exhibit improved basal and acquired thermotolerance and, altered response to oxidative stress in our physiological analyses. (frontiersin.org)
In this study we show that a SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler subunit, BAF60, represses seedling growth by modulating DNA accessibility of hypocotyl cell size regulatory genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Many studies of plant height inheritance have successfully cloned dwarf genes [ 5 - 7 ]. (genominfo.org)
The identification of these variations is the first step in the in-depth study of the genes and alleles involved in plant evolution and environmental adaptation. (genominfo.org)
We generated and discuss here a list of common genes which are regulated in growing roots and which are common to all three growth stimuli investigated in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
Since root development of wrky6 plants exposed to P. indica under phosphate limitation is strongly promoted, we propose that common genes which respond to all three growth stimuli are central for the control of root growth and architecture. (biomedcentral.com)
To cope with Pi limitations, plants have evolved complex adaptive responses that include morphological and physiological modifications to improve Pi acquisition or remobilization via the differential expression of various Pi transporter genes [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
They found notable differences when mutating group I ( PYL1 - PYL6 and PYL12 ) versus group II ( PYL7 - PYL11 and PYL13 ) PYL genes, including differences in growth rate, heading date, and seed dormancy. (plantae.org)
2017). Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 mutants in the genes (GT14 family), which encode GlcA transferase activity for AGPs, produced plants having reduced yields due to the intine and exine defects in the mature pollen grains (Zhang et al. (exposed-skin-care.net)
This work identifies a number of genes that are likely involved in skewing, using growth conditions that differentially affect skewing and waving. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparing the gene expression profiles of WS and Col-0 in different tilted growth conditions identified 11 candidate genes as potentially involved in the control of skewing. (biomedcentral.com)
As a result, a wide variety of genes have been implicated as involved in these growth patterns. (biomedcentral.com)

In the CZ, WUS activates the CLV3 gene, encoding a short signaling peptide perceived by a series of leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-receptor-like complexes, among which are complexes containing CLV1 and CLV2. (nature.com)

Mutant seeds had more rapid germination, reduced requirement for light, and decreased far-red light sensitivity, unraveling cytokinin functions in seed germination control. (nih.gov)
These plants should be prepared for fast germination and growth activity in response to the limited summer rainfall. (frontiersin.org)
It germinated just 5 h after treatment for germination initiation and showed rapid growth, especially in its early and young development stages. (frontiersin.org)
The discussion on seed dormancy and germination serves to illustrate the fine balance that can be enforced by the two key hormones ABA and GA in regulating plant responses to environmental signals. (beds.ac.uk)
In terrestrial plants ABA plays a role in seed dormancy and germination, stomatal movements and in other responses to numerous stresses that alter their water status 6 . (nature.com)
ABA crosstalk with ethylene and nitric oxide in seed dormancy and germination. (chinaagrisci.com)

Early in the study of plant hormones, "phytohormone" was the commonly used term, but its use is less widely applied now. (wikipedia.org)
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a role in stresses that alter plant water status and may also regulate root gravitropism and hydrotropism. (nature.com)

Leaves of ahk2 ahk3 mutants formed fewer cells, had reduced chlorophyll content, and lacked the cytokinin-dependent inhibition of dark-induced chlorophyll loss, indicating a prominent role of AHK2 and, particularly, AHK3 in the control of leaf development. (nih.gov)
ahk2 ahk3 double mutants developed a strongly enhanced root system through faster growth of the primary root and, more importantly, increased branching. (nih.gov)
Together, the analyses reveal partially redundant functions of the cytokinin receptors and prominent roles for the AHK2/AHK3 receptor combination in quantitative control of organ growth in plants, with opposite regulatory functions in roots and shoots. (nih.gov)
Using map-based cloning, the rock3 mutant allele was identified as missense mutation in the AHK3 cytokinin receptor gene, and the rock4 mutant allele was identified as a missense mutation in the cytokinin synthesis gene IPT3. (fu-berlin.de)

The atm-2atr-2 double mutants were susceptible to TCV, indicating that the main DDR signaling pathway sensors play an important role in plant immune responses. (ppjonline.org)

This rejection mechanism is initiated by a ligand-receptor interaction and is genetically controlled by a single polymorphic locus, called the S -locus [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A distinct ZmFCP1-FEA3 ligand-receptor combination, originally identified in maize, prevents WUS gene expression in the region below the OC (also called rib zone, RZ), thus confining WUS expression within the OC of meristems 6 . (nature.com)

The cell surface immune receptors (CSIRs) and intracellular immune receptors (IIRs) directly or indirectly recognize apoplastic or cytoplasmic "invasion molecules" to induce weak or strong immune responses [ 3 ]. (researchsquare.com)
Furthermore, p53 as a transcription factor in DDRs is involved in innate and adaptive responses through recognizing immune receptors and activating immune cells such as T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages. (ppjonline.org)

Like all plant hormones, ABA controls diverse processes, including stomatal aperture and seed dormancy, and growth rate. (plantae.org)

Plants have developed rapid and sophisticated mechanisms that confer resistance to invading pathogens. (researchsquare.com)

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are a group of proteins with a high degree of sequence homology. (intechopen.com)

Phenotypic analysis of the rock2, rock3, and rock4 mutants in the CKX1 overexpressing background revealed that the mutations caused a partial to full reversion of the cytokinin deficiency syndrome in matters of rosette diameter, shoot height, number of siliques, and root growth, and caused delayed leaf senescence in a dark-induced senescence assay. (fu-berlin.de)
Structural variation in plant genomes is a significant driver of phenotypic variability in traits important for the domestication and productivity of crop species. (nature.com)

In this review, we summarize the roles of the major plant hormones in regulating abiotic and biotic stress responses with special focus on the significance of crosstalk between different hormones in generating a sophisticated and efficient stress response. (beds.ac.uk)
Nonetheless, Ca 2+ and ROS-mediated responses of plants to environmental constraints just form the tip of the iceberg. (beds.ac.uk)
Moreover, with nine diverse groups of plant hormones participating in defense responses, their signaling pathways are intricately interconnected to facilitate the generation of a sophisticated and efficient stress response. (beds.ac.uk)
Besides the long-standing role of cytokinins (CKs) as growth regulators, their current positioning at the interface of development and stress responses is coming into recognition. (frontiersin.org)
ABA also exists in the aquatic algal progenitors of land plants, but other than its involvement in stress responses, its physiological role in these microorganisms remains elusive. (nature.com)
Plant adaptive responses to changing environments involve complex molecular interplays between intrinsic and external signals. (biomedcentral.com)
UV-A/blue light cryptochrome photoreceptors also contribute to control plant adaptive responses such as photomorphogenesis, the developmental transition that seedlings undergo on their first exposure to light. (biomedcentral.com)
Only root cap and epidermis are in direct contact with the rhizosphere, but plant responses to stimuli also involve internal cell types such as cortex, endodermis, pericycle and vasculature [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Overall, our results indicate that during an incompatible interaction between H471 and PXO99 A , rice plants prevent pathogen invasion and also initiate multi-component defense responses that inhibit disease development. (researchsquare.com)
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling hormone in plant defense responses, but it is also a phenolic compound synthesized by plants in response to diverse pathogens [ 7 ]. (researchsquare.com)
Skewing and waving have been described as gravity-enhanced touch responses, since these root patterns are notably present when a plant is grown on a tilted, impenetrable surface. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, plants have developed localized and systematic immune responses due to biotic and abiotic stress exposure. (ppjonline.org)

Frontiers in Plant Science, 4, 63-81. (chinaagrisci.com)

Unchanged red light sensitivity of mutant hypocotyl elongation suggests that previously reported modulation of red light signaling by A-type response regulators may not depend on cytokinin. (nih.gov)
these manmade compounds are called plant growth regulators (PGRs). (wikipedia.org)
Overexpression of ZmWUS1-B is due to multimerized binding sites for type-B RESPONSE REGULATORs (RRs), key transcription factors in cytokinin signaling. (nature.com)
Laboratory of Growth Regulators has been created in 1995 as a joined facility of the Faculty of Science, Palacký University ( www.upol.cz ) and the Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences ( www.ueb.cas.cz ). (cas.cz)
Laboratory of Growth Regulators guarantees the teaching for biological study programs. (cas.cz)

The authors have used the well-established cytokinin pathway as an example for the screen and used a background that is sensitized to small perturbations to cytokinin. (plantae.org)
Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)

Notably, mutants with enhanc. (cn1699.cn)
For example, the Pr/Pfr reversible forms of red (R) and far-red (FR) sensing phytochrome photoreceptors allow plants to discriminate between mid-day and dusk periods, or shade and plain light conditions, notably because of rapid changes in the R/FR ratio. (biomedcentral.com)

have used CRISPR/Cas9 technology in rice to selectively mutant subsets of the 13-member PYL family of ABA receptors. (plantae.org)
2021). Additionally, CRISPR/Cas9 mutants also revealed aborted pollen grains to be responsible for reduced seed set in a previous study (Zhang et al. (exposed-skin-care.net)

In addition, the rock3 mutants exhibited the strongest effect in delaying senescence, while the rock2 allele had a greater effect on the onset of flowering. (fu-berlin.de)
Similar to rock2 and rock3, the rock4 mutant also showed enhanced thickening of stems, a reduced root system, and delayed senescence. (fu-berlin.de)
In addition, the characterisation of the gain-of-function cytokinin mutants rock2, rock3, and rock4 revealed that an enhanced cytokinin status causes several effects on plant development, which are of potential interest for agricultural breeding purposes, for example an enhanced organ growth and delayed senescence. (fu-berlin.de)
The expression levels of MaEIN2 was increasing gradually in fruit development, indicating MaEIN2 was involved in the ripening and senescence of plant organs. (chinacrops.org)

Namely cytokinins and cytokinin-derived purine inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases belongs to the most intensively studied compounds. (cas.cz)
Agtuca and her colleagues found purine, zeatin and riboflavin pathways in the plant-bacteria interaction - chemical pathways that support plant growth. (missouri.edu)

In flowering plants, the early interaction between the extremity of the female organ (stigma) and the male gametophyte (pollen grain) acts as a checkpoint for fertilization. (biomedcentral.com)
The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of nitrogen × cytokinin on plant height, number of branches, leaf, stem and whole plant dry weights, essential oil percentage and yield was significant (p ≤0.01). (ac.ir)
The endophytic bacteria, Hebaspirillum seropedicae , was known to provide hormones to grass species, but not much else was understood about its interaction in plants. (missouri.edu)
To what extend this is responsible for the benefits of the plants in their symbiotic interaction with P. indica is not clear. (biomedcentral.com)

Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
Plant development is tightly regulated by phytohormones such as brassinosteroids, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and strigolactones. (frontiersin.org)
Phytohormones play critical roles in helping the plants to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. (beds.ac.uk)

They identified 272 putative mutants from 78 individual pools. (plantae.org)
They then used their mutagenomics pipeline to evaluate the putative mutants (Fig. 1). (plantae.org)
The idea was to filter multiple putative mutants that had occurred at a frequency above that expected by chance. (plantae.org)

Plant hormones frequently regulate the concentrations of other plant hormones. (wikipedia.org)
Research program of the laboratory is aimed primary at small molecules that regulate cell division cycle, proliferation and growth of both plant and animal cells. (cas.cz)
Plants use molecular mechanisms to reduce resource use and regulate growth in harsh conditions. (stationzilla.com)

Future research employing genome-scale systems biology approaches to solve problems of such magnitude will undoubtedly lead to a better understanding of plant development. (beds.ac.uk)
These polymorphisms could be useful genetic resources for plant breeders, geneticists, and biologists for future molecular biology and breeding projects. (genominfo.org)
Grafting is an important classic and contemporary technique in plant biology and this study investigates the gene expression changes that occur on either side of a graft junction. (garnetcommunity.org.uk)

The size of siliques, number of seeds per silique and seed size were not altered in pAHK3:rock3 transgenic plants. (fu-berlin.de)
In this study, we found that RAV1 -overexpressing transgenic plants showed abnormally developed ovules, resulting in reduced seed size, weight, and number in a silique. (molcells.org)

Within the complexity of multicellular, multi-organ, terrestrial plants it has proved difficult experimentally to isolate the many potential roles of ABA away from its major stress-related role in preventing water loss. (nature.com)
Thus, properly defining a role for ABA in a photosynthetic progenitor of land plants where water stress is not normally an issue, the green algae may give valuable insight into its other roles. (nature.com)

Increased cytokinin content of receptor mutants indicates a homeostatic control of steady state cytokinin levels through signaling. (nih.gov)
Plants are immobile and, to overcome harsh environmental conditions such as drought, salt, and cold, they have evolved complex signaling pathways. (mdpi.com)
The sensing of abiotic and biotic stresses initiates several complex signaling pathways in plants. (beds.ac.uk)
Overall, these results suggest that RAV1 is an additional negative player in the early stages of seed development, during which ABA and BR signaling are coordinated. (molcells.org)
Whilst much is known on the signaling components mediating diurnal, light, and temperature controls on plant development, their influence on chromatin-based transcriptional controls remains poorly explored. (biomedcentral.com)
These results unveil a short path between a chromatin remodeler and a signaling component to fine-tune plant morphogenesis in response to environmental conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
The cytokinin trans-Zeatin plays a role in long distance nitrogen signaling. (plantae.org)

In this study, by characterization of the dominant maize mutant Barren inflorescence3 ( Bif3 ) we identified a tandem-duplicated copy of ZmWUS1 whose expression is dramatically enhanced by the insertion of a short stretch of chimeric proximal promoter sequence. (nature.com)

Plant roots are dynamic structures involved in diverse developmental and physiological processes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Unlike in animals (in which hormone production is restricted to specialized glands) each plant cell is capable of producing hormones. (wikipedia.org)
Plant hormones affect gene expression and transcription levels, cellular division, and growth. (wikipedia.org)
Plant hormones are not nutrients, but chemicals that in small amounts promote and influence the growth, development, and differentiation of cells and tissues. (wikipedia.org)
The biosynthesis of plant hormones within plant tissues is often diffuse and not always localized. (wikipedia.org)
Plants lack glands to produce and store hormones, because, unlike animals-which have two circulatory systems (lymphatic and cardiovascular) powered by a heart that moves fluids around the body-plants use more passive means to move chemicals around their bodies. (wikipedia.org)
Plants utilize simple chemicals as hormones, which move more easily through their tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Plant cells produce hormones that affect even different regions of the cell producing the hormone. (wikipedia.org)
Hormones are transported within the plant by utilizing four types of movements. (wikipedia.org)
Not all plant cells respond to hormones, but those cells that do are programmed to respond at specific points in their growth cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Plants need hormones at very specific times during plant growth and at specific locations. (wikipedia.org)
The production of hormones occurs very often at sites of active growth within the meristems, before cells have fully differentiated. (wikipedia.org)
Plants can also break down hormones chemically, effectively destroying them. (wikipedia.org)
Plants also move hormones around the plant diluting their concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
Much of the early work on plant hormones involved studying plants that were genetically deficient in one or involved the use of tissue-cultured plants grown in vitro that were subjected to differing ratios of hormones, and the resultant growth compared. (wikipedia.org)
the determination and observation of plant hormones and their identification was spread out over the next 70 years. (wikipedia.org)
Synergism in plant hormones refers to the how of two or more hormones result in an effect that is more than the individual effects. (wikipedia.org)
Subsequently, we have discussed the crosstalk among them, followed by crosstalk with growth promoting hormones (gibberellins, auxins and cytokinins). (beds.ac.uk)
Therefore, discovering additional crosstalk mechanisms among various hormones in coordinating growth under stress will be an important theme in the field of abiotic stress research. (beds.ac.uk)
Because of the complex interactions among various plant hormones and their ability to control a wide range of physiological processes, they serve as the key endogenous factors in mediating plant stress response. (beds.ac.uk)

Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. (pan.pl)
Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Warsaw University, ul. (pan.pl)

This resulted in an increased seed yield per plant, at least in case of pAHK3:rock3 transgenic plants. (fu-berlin.de)
Effect of Nitrogen and Cytokinin on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L. (ac.ir)
In general, the results of this experiment showed that the quantitative and qualitative yield of thyme can be increased by consuming the appropriate amount of nitrogen and cytokinin. (ac.ir)
The combined use of nitrogen and cytokinin improved quantitative and qualitative yield of thyme. (ac.ir)
Plant height is an important component of plant architecture and significantly affects crop breeding practices and yield. (genominfo.org)
Plant height is an important trait that has a direct impact on yield and lodging resistance. (genominfo.org)
Extremely tall plants can be affected by lodging, which may reduce yield and quality [ 3 ]. (genominfo.org)

Detailed microscopic analysis of developing embryos revealed that expression of the rock2 or rock4 alleles resulted in a disturbed embryo development and seed abortion. (fu-berlin.de)
Taken together, the rock2, rock3, and rock4 mutations are interesting tools to research the effects of an enhanced cytokinin status during plant development and gave new insight into cytokinin regulated processes. (fu-berlin.de)
Genetic screens are a remarkable way of identifying mutations affecting various aspects of plant growth and development. (plantae.org)
it remained low during the early stage of seed development and sharply increased in the seed maturation stage. (molcells.org)
In plants, seed development is a complex process that requires coordinated growth of the embryo, endosperm, and maternal integuments. (molcells.org)
Direct treatment with brassinolide (BL) improved seed development of RAV1 -overexpressing plants, but treatment with ABA severely worsened it. (molcells.org)
Therefore, successful seed development and the resulting final size of seeds are determined by the coordinated growth of the embryo, endosperm, and maternal integuments. (molcells.org)
and they are involved in many biological processes in plants, such as root growth and development. (chinaagrisci.com)
This review provides multiple perspectives on the involvement of miRNAs in regulating root growth and development in plants. (chinaagrisci.com)
A significant abiotic stressor that affects plant growth and development is drought. (stationzilla.com)
The results demonstrate that P. indica promotes phosphate uptake and root development under Pi limitation in wrky6 mutant. (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development, making up to 0.2 % of the plant's dry mass. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we investigated the role of type-II AGs of AGPs in male sporophytic and gametophytic development, pollen grains, and pollen tube growth by using the mutant. (exposed-skin-care.net)

In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and cytokinin on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of thyme, a three-year factorial experiment was conducted at Razi University based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. (ac.ir)
Factors included nitrogen levels (0, 50 and 100 kg N/ha) and cytokinin concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 400 μM). (ac.ir)
With increasing the amount of nitrogen and cytokinin, all the studied traits (except harvest index) increased significantly compared to the control. (ac.ir)
The effect of nitrogen and cytokinin on Thymus vulgaris was evaluated on the farm whitin 3 years. (ac.ir)
However, when plants can't absorb nutrients from nitrogen fertilizer quickly enough, soil bacteria convert it to nitrate. (missouri.edu)
Nitrogen fertilizers are being used worldwide to increase plant productivity. (missouri.edu)
In 1909, German scientist Franz Haber developed a high-temperature, energy-intensive process to synthesize plant-available nitrate from the air, thus creating nitrogen fertilizer. (missouri.edu)
The overall goal of my research is to understand how nitrogen (N), quantitatively the most important nutrient in crops, is managed in plants. (tamu.edu)

Transient studies of nutrient uptake, growth, and indole alkaloid accumulation in heterotrophic cultures of hairy roots of Catharanthus roseus. (ac.ir)
Establishment and maintenance of mutualistic plant-microbial interactions in the rhizosphere and within plant roots involve several root cell types. (biomedcentral.com)

The next paper from the University of Sheffield looks at the whole plant response to changing global carbon dioxide concentrations. (garnetcommunity.org.uk)

Our results provide important information for improving our understanding of the genetics of soybean plant height and crop breeding. (genominfo.org)

The rock2 and rock3 mutations caused an enhancement of vegetative and reproductive growth of wild-type plants throughout the plant's life cycle. (fu-berlin.de)

Severe water stress stops photosynthesis, disrupts metabolism, and kills plants. (stationzilla.com)

2021). Here we used various microscopic and immunological techniques to provide deeper insight into the male gametophytic defects in the mutant. (exposed-skin-care.net)

This loss-of-function double mutant for Histidine phosphotransfer protein2 and - 3 was then EMS mutagenized and screened for root length. (plantae.org)

Hypersensitivity to cytokinin causes stem cell overproliferation and major rearrangements of Bif3 inflorescence meristems, leading to the formation of ball-shaped ears and severely affecting productivity. (nature.com)
Recently, interest in ZmWUS 's stem cell promoting properties has resurfaced due to their use in efficient transformation systems for maize and other recalcitrant plant species 12 , 13 . (nature.com)
Hormonal control of the plant cell cycle. (ac.ir)
I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
Plant Cell, 27, 1955-1967. (chinaagrisci.com)
Cell division is less inhibited by water stress than cell growth. (stationzilla.com)
The acentrosomal cortical microtubules of higher plants dynamically assemble into specific array patterns that determine the axis of cell expansion. (x-mol.com)

Leverhulme Trust 'pMMO in plants for methane detoxification and as a carbon negative biofuel' with Dr D Pearce (Brookes) and Prof T Smith (Sheffield Hallam University) (value £113K, duration December 2015 to November 2017). (brookes.ac.uk)

Plants also determine their growth in relation to the gravity vector, resulting in a gravitropic set-point angle (GSA), which is most commonly associated with lateral organ growth relative to the primary organ [ 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Additionally, rock2 and rock3 plants produced more flowers per time unit, which led to a strongly increased number of siliques per plant. (fu-berlin.de)

Mitigation of drought stress in maize by natural and synthetic growth promoters. (ac.ir)
We found a lot of metabolic pathways that were significant promoters of plant health," Agtuca said. (missouri.edu)
For a subset of five promoters, expression stability was further demonstrated in whole plant transgenics as well as in active nodules. (biomedcentral.com)

To analyze the regulatory mechanism involved in the high growth potential of C. virgata , we performed RNA-seq-based transcriptome analysis and illustrated a comprehensive gene expression map of the species. (frontiersin.org)
Combinations of these factors induce unexpected alterations in root and shoot growth, root architecture and root gene expression profiles. (biomedcentral.com)

The control of plant stem cells is essential for sustaining the function of apical meristems, plant growth, and ultimately productivity 1 . (nature.com)
Stem cells reside at the growing tip of meristems, where they differentiate to produce new organs throughout the life of plant and maintain a constant reservoir of pluripotent stem cells. (nature.com)

To adapt to such adverse situations, plants have evolved well-developed mechanisms that help to perceive the stress signal and enable optimal growth response. (beds.ac.uk)
Plants adapt to different environments by various mechanisms, one of which is allelic variation. (genominfo.org)
Skewing root patterns provide key insights into root growth strategies and mechanisms that produce root architectures. (biomedcentral.com)

The supernatant of strain NEAU-HV44 could significantly control the growth of weeds (A. retroflexus L., Setaria viridis, Portulaca oleracea L., and Chenopodium album) and crops (maize, soybean, wheat, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, tomato, and romaine lettuce) with dose-dependent in preemergence. (bvsalud.org)
Here we show that the maize dominant Barren inflorescence3 ( Bif3 ) mutant harbors a tandem duplicated copy of the ZmWUS1 gene, ZmWUS1-B , whose novel promoter enhances transcription in a ring-like pattern. (nature.com)

These four herbicidal compounds could inhibit the shoot and root growth of weeds at 0.2 mg mL-1, and compound 4 could completely inhibit the growth of P. oleracea L. Thus, julichromes (Q12, Q13, Q3.3, Q3.5 1-4) may be new bioherbicidal candidates. (bvsalud.org)
To uncover the role of iGluR-like channels in plant root growth, we used a comprehensive set of compounds known to alter iGluR channels in the neurons. (intechopen.com)
They can be tested for optimizing root growth in model and agricultural plants. (biomedcentral.com)
The work presented here seeks further insights into root growth strategies by focusing on two distinct growth patterns of root growth, skewing and waving. (biomedcentral.com)

A substantial number of proteins that are involved in the heat-acclimatization process such as the proteins related to cellular redox status and heat shock, are already altered in the type-A arr mutants without a prior exposure to stress conditions. (frontiersin.org)

Ontogenetic changes in the photosynthetic apparatus and effects of cytokinins 36: 527-528. (ac.ir)

A plant-specific B3 domain and AP2 domain-containing transcription factor, RAV1 acts as a negative regulator of growth in many plant species and its transcription was downregulated by BR and ABA. (molcells.org)

We are currently interrogating the processes in which amino acid exporters are involved in, using various genetic resources such as T-DNA insertion mutants and gene editing tools. (tamu.edu)
Respiration is how plants convert food into energy for system processes. (stationzilla.com)
With low water levels reducing a plants' ability to photosynthesize, its system processes slow down, causing reduced or delayed growth, discolored leaves, and flower or fruit drop. (stationzilla.com)

When transpiration stops or slows, a plant dies from nutrient deficiency, usually from the top down. (stationzilla.com)

Mutants exhibited bigger cotyledons, an increased rosette leaf size, thicker stems and bigger flowers. (fu-berlin.de)

The mechanism of stress-response in plants is highly intricate and requires several integrated pathways to be activated in response to external stresses. (beds.ac.uk)

Anatomy18

Organisms12

Chemicals and Drugs27

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes23

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science4

Health Care3

Arabidopsis18

Kinase2

Auxin5

Loss-of-function muta1

Regulation9

Physiology3

Abstract4

Genes18

Leucine-rich r1

Germination6

Phytohormone2

AHK34

Double mutants1

Ligand-receptor2

Immune receptors2

Dormancy1

Resistance to invading1

Glutamate1

Phenotypic2

Responses12

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE1

Regulators5

Pathway2

Notably2

Cas92

Senescence4

Purine2

Interaction4

Phytohormones3

Putative3

Regulate3

Biology3

Silique2

Roles2

Signaling7

Characterization1

Developmental1

Hormones19

Cytology2

Yield7

Development13

Nitrogen8

Roots2

Concentrations1

Genetics1

Plant's1

Metabolism1

20211

Histidine1

Cell7

20171

Organ1

Strongly1

Promoters3

Gene expression2

Meristems2

Mechanisms3

Maize2

Root growth4

Redox1

Photosynthetic1

Transcription1

Processes3

Deficiency1

Leaf1

Pathways1