• The solid tumor microenvironment contains structural and cellular components that can dictate cancer progression and therapy response. (ubc.ca)
  • In Chapter 2, I examined how proteins secreted by cancer cells can promote a tumor-permissive microenvironment through the recruitment of suppressive innate and adaptive immune cells to the lungs. (ubc.ca)
  • This thesis work aims to examine the diverse phenotype and function of myeloid cells in primary and metastatic disease, ultimately contributing to an improved understanding of the interplay between the innate and adaptive immune system in the solid tumor microenvironment. (ubc.ca)
  • Fibrotic livers are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment that is composed of various immunologically active cells, including liver-resident populations (e.g. (mdpi.com)
  • While inflammatory injury drives both fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis, the tolerogenic microenvironment of the liver conveys immunosuppressive effects that encourage tumor growth. (mdpi.com)
  • Our goal is to develop a BiTE-like molecule that targets SSTR-expressing NET cells and is potentially more concordant with the characteristics of the NET immune microenvironment. (netrf.org)
  • Additionally, unique subpopulations of TAMs contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment that significantly enhances tumor genesis by limiting vital anti-tumor immune responses[ 2 ], however the mechanisms that regulate TAM development and their actions within the tumor microenvironment remain poorly understood. (bmj.com)
  • One of the main reasons for this failure is the presence of ligands and immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment. (fapesp.br)
  • In addition to providing complementary co-stimulatory signals for effector CAR-T cells, secreted GITRL can suppress the action of regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment, thus possibly reducing local immunosuppression. (fapesp.br)
  • This enhanced secretion of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters that impair CD8+ T cell function in the tumor microenvironment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Another approach relies upon the use of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that directly target cancer cells or immunosuppressive cellular elements in the tumor microenvironment. (upenn.edu)
  • Breakthroughs in anti-tumor immunity have led to unprecedented advances in immunotherapy, yet it is now clear that the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrains immunity. (elifesciences.org)
  • As T cell metabolism dictates effector function, it is now apparent that the effect of cancer cell metabolism on the tumor microenvironment (TME) may impair anti-tumor immunity, and these new hallmarks of cancer are therefore inextricably linked. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although RT is an important modality for cancer treatment, the consequential changes caused by RT in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have not yet been fully elucidated. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • In this landscape, most studies have primarily focused on improving CAR-T cells and overcoming the unfavorable effects of tumor microenvironment on solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
  • However, due to intricacies of solid tumors and their locations in the human body, treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells is facing multiple obstacles, such as the hostile tumor microenvironment, on-tumor/off-tumor toxicities, and undesired antigen specificity [ 2 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Gemcitabine is a standard agent used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, with known effects on the tumor immune microenvironment. (amegroups.org)
  • Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells and myeloid cells, harvested after the mice were treated for 2 weeks, were analyzed with flow cytometry to characterize the effect the chemo-immunotherapy regimen had on the tumor microenvironment (TME). (amegroups.org)
  • MDSCs and M2 macrophages) and increased the population of CD8 + T cells and monocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME). (acir.org)
  • Human primary tumor cells could also be reprogrammed to increase their capability to present antigen and to activate patient-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. (lu.se)
  • Pulmonary exposure to NQ dose-dependently aggravated antigen-related airway inflammation, as characterised by infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes around the airways and an increase in goblet cells in the bronchial epithelium. (ersjournals.com)
  • Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Human derived T lymphocytes engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors, which are expanded in vitro culture and then infused into patients exerting robust cytotoxicity after tumor antigen recognition and subsequent activation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
  • This research project will test whether the somatostatin receptor (SSTR)- CD3 bispecific T- cell engager (BiTE)-like molecules that we developed, can efficiently activate the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) against the SSTR-expressing NET cells. (netrf.org)
  • Other agents are necessary to activate tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). (netrf.org)
  • The adoptive therapy of T lymphocytes expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) has demonstrated impressive results in the treatment of some hematological malignancies. (fapesp.br)
  • The development of this construction in human T lymphocytes will be an important opportunity to expand treatment possibilities within the Cell Therapy Center (project CEPID 013/08135-2) with the inclusion of solid neoplasms. (fapesp.br)
  • Mature T lymphocytes express CD6, a molecule that regulates antigen specific responses of T cells. (fortuneonline.org)
  • CD6 is a surface glycoprotein expressed on mature T lymphocytes, medullary thymocytes and B1 cells among other hematopoietic cells [4]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Interactions between CD6 and CD6 ligands regulate antigen specific and autoreactive responses of human T lymphocytes [4]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Despite the existence of a highly immunosuppressive tumor environment, adenovirus-infected cells can nonetheless be efficiently cleared by infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) without compromising tumor burden. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This review will discuss the metabolic changes that drive T cells into different stages of their development and how the TME imposes barriers to the metabolism and activity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. (elifesciences.org)
  • 4 According to the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumors can be divided into three phenotypes: immune-inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert types. (nature.com)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device OSSM007: cryopreserved, interferon-gamma-primed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) Indication acute Graft versus host disease (aGVHD) resulting from hematopoietic cell transplantation Therapeutic Mechanism Immunomodulation of host-reactive T cells to induce operational tolerance of donor HSC-derived lymphocytes through direct cell-to-cell contact and secreted paracrine factors. (ca.gov)
  • Immature dendritic cells phagocytose apoptotic cells via alphavbeta5 and CD36, and cross-present antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (nwbio.com)
  • Le pourcentage de CD44 dans les lymphocytes T périphériques était significativement plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins, comme détecté par la cytométrie en flux. (who.int)
  • their biopsies demonstrate T lymphocytes to be the predominant cells in early inflammatory lesions [ 5 ]. (escholarship.org)
  • Whether neutrophils or lymphocytes are first at the lesion site, evidence suggests that both immune cells are involved in the immunopathophysiology of acne. (escholarship.org)
  • Overcoming CAR-Mediated CD19 Downmodulation and Leukemia Relapse with T Lymphocytes Secreting Anti-CD19 T-Cell Engagers. (astct.org)
  • As the field of cancer immunotherapy advances rapidly, it is now crucial to understand how the dissemination and maintenance of tumor-specific T cells can be optimally achieved. (frontiersin.org)
  • Quest is a pioneer in the field of monoclonal antibody-based cancer therapy and has developed the antibody-based immunotherapy technology by using very low dose murine monoclonal antibodies against secreted tumor associated antigens to stimulate the immune system to fight against cancer. (stockhouse.com)
  • He has successfully translated his findings from the laboratory to the clinics and has conducted and led several large national immunotherapy clinical trials for brain tumors. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • Dr. Lim is a world leader in immunotherapy for brain tumors. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • In addition to being invited world-wide to give lectures and seminars, he has given platform presentations on the topics of immunotherapy for brain tumors, neurosurgical techniques and management of brain tumors at the American Society of Clinical Oncologists, American Academy of Neurological Surgeons, Radiological Society of North America, Annual Symposium on Brain and Spine Metastases, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, and other meetings. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors are resistant to conventional immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors. (netrf.org)
  • We are confident that the potential results of this project will foster the development of a new advanced cellular immunotherapy strategy for the treatment of solid GD2+ neoplasms and will pave the way to increase the antineoplastic efficiency of T-CAR cells against other malignancies. (fapesp.br)
  • Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are promising candidates for cellular tumor immunotherapy. (nature.com)
  • To apply allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in adoptive immunotherapy, the methodology used to obtain adequate cell numbers with optimal effector function in vitro needs to be optimized, and clinical safety and efficacy also need to be proven. (nature.com)
  • Our clinical studies underscore the safety and efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy, which will inspire further clinical investigations and eventually benefit cancer patients. (nature.com)
  • In this respect, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors to unleash the activity of tumor-reactive T cells has been a milestone in cancer immunotherapy. (nature.com)
  • 4 xCELLigence real-time cell analysis 6 Diverse cancer immunotherapy applications 6 How does the xCELLigence real-time cell analysis assay work? (technologynetworks.com)
  • Various immunotherapy tumor-targeting schemes. (technologynetworks.com)
  • New model systems are being developed to test and optimize various immunotherapy strategies, including bispecific antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, epigenetic modifiers and adoptive T cell transfer both in vitro and in vivo. (upenn.edu)
  • However, with the exception of idiotype, few antigen targets have been identified that would facilitate specific immunotherapy of MM. We have previously described a murine monoclonal antibody that recognizes a conformation-dependent epitope on free human kappa light chains and a cell surface antigen, KMA, expressed on kappa MM (MM) plasma cells 1,2. (slideserve.com)
  • Expanded understanding of the basic biology of T cell activation has enabled immunotherapy to combat cancer, and T cell metabolism now offers the opportunity to optimize and improve these therapeutic strategies. (elifesciences.org)
  • Finally, we will provide an overview of how utilizing an understanding of T cell metabolism may inform strategies to alter the TME or enhance T cell metabolism to strengthen the immunotherapy arsenal. (elifesciences.org)
  • Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
  • Immune-inflamed tumors are called hot tumors, while the latter two are collectively referred to as cold tumors, and they respond poorly to immunotherapy. (nature.com)
  • One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
  • Dendritic cell immunotherapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: University of Tokyo experience. (nwbio.com)
  • Large-scale immunomagnetic selection of CD14+ monocytes to generate dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy: a phase I study. (nwbio.com)
  • The purpose is to deliver chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or radiation to eliminate malignancy, prevent rejection of new stem cells, and create space for the new cells. (medscape.com)
  • The immunologic landscape of the host and tumor play key roles in determining how patients will benefit from immunotherapy, and a better understanding of these factors could help inform how well a tumor responds to treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review we discuss the current knowledge in the area of peripheral immune-based biomarkers, drawing information from the results of recent clinical studies of a number of different immunotherapy modalities in the treatment of cancer, including checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and anti-cancer vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer immunotherapy by chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells has shown exhilarative clinical efficacy for hematological malignancies. (ijbs.com)
  • Immunotherapy with CAR-T cells has achieved tremendous successes in treatment of hematological malignancies. (ijbs.com)
  • Immunotherapy can take advantage of the immunogenic response that chemotherapy elicits in tumors. (amegroups.org)
  • The chemo-immunotherapy regimens also increased the number of tumor-infiltrating PD1+CD137+CD8+ T-cells and interferon-gamma-expressing PD1+CD137+CD8+ T-cells, but these increases were not statistically significant. (amegroups.org)
  • Gemcitabine with GVAX and anti-PD1 with or without anti-CSF-1R also improved the infiltration of effector CD8+ T-cells, and the presence of anti-CSF-1R in the chemo-immunotherapy regimens decreased the infiltration of myeloid cells. (amegroups.org)
  • One way to elicit an immunogenic response to immune checkpoint inhibition may be chemotherapy, as many preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated improved anti-tumor responses and survival with combination chemotherapy/immunotherapy regimens ( 1 - 4 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Combination of Adar1 loss and anti-PD-1 synergized to eliminate tumors and prolong survival in mice, and Adar1 deletion resensitized treatment-resistant tumors to immunotherapy, even in the case when tumor cells could not be recognized by CD8 + T cells due to B2m loss. (acir.org)
  • After treatment, tumor-specific T cells from mice treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy had an increased expression of granzyme B, TNFα, and IFNγ. (acir.org)
  • The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of NQ on airway inflammation, the local expression of cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 and chemokines such as eotaxin, macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) and Ig production related to antigen exposure. (ersjournals.com)
  • In vitro , CD3 + CD8 + CD27 - CD28 - compared to CD3 + CD8 + CD27 + CD28 + CART cells displayed similar CD19 + target cell-specific cytotoxicity, but were hypoproliferative and produced less cytotoxic cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α). (frontiersin.org)
  • Cancer immunotherapies can be divided into four major categories: - Cytokines/immunomodulation agents - Monoclonal antibodies - Cell‑based therapies - Oncolytic viruses Though monoclonal antibodies currently represent the largest class of commercialized cancer immunotherapies, cell‑based therapies are rapidly making headway. (technologynetworks.com)
  • In particular, FLS become highly invasive, whereas T EM cells proliferate and secrete proinflammatory cytokines, during RA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exogenous cytokines are widely applied to enhance the anti-tumor ability of immune cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Moreover, the effect of the administration of these cytokines along with CART cells in vivo was also studied. (oncotarget.com)
  • IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 favored the ex vivo expansion of CART cells compared to other cytokines or no cytokine treatment. (oncotarget.com)
  • IL-2 and IL-15-exposed CART cells secreted more proinflammatory cytokines and presented stronger tumor-lysis ability in vitro . (oncotarget.com)
  • Itolizumab is an anti-CD6 antibody, which inhibits the proliferation of naïve T-cells and reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Several authors have reported lymphoid infiltrate at the necropsies of COVID-19 [3] while others have found CD4-T cells able to secrete large ex-vivo pro-inflammatory cytokines in critically ill patients [2]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • CD6 activation triggers the release of inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), Interleukin (IL) 1 and IL-6 [5]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • It blocks an important co-stimulatory pathway, leading to inhibition of proliferation of naïve T-cells and to a marked reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines [7]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • Aim of the first part of this doctoral thesis was to investigate antigen-presenting cells (APC) and APC-derived cytokines, as well as their relation to T helper (Th) cell subsets and the auto-ab response in the pathogenesis of pemphigus. (uni-marburg.de)
  • For evaluation of peripheral immune-cell function, several immune-related analytes may be measured, including cytokines, soluble plasma proteins, and immune cells, analyzed by surface marker expression, transcriptomic, or epigenetic profiles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many strategies and approaches have been tried to overcome these obstacles, including arming CAR-T cells with knock-out of PD-1 expression or secretion of cytokines/chemokines and using CAR-T cells in combination with other treatments [ 3 - 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Stimulation of endothelial cells by cytokines and perturbed microvascular blood flow causes the release of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) from endothelial cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The 4-1BB receptor (CDw137), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, has been shown to costimulate the activation of T cells. (rupress.org)
  • Here, I investigate the role of one intrinsic factor (receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha) and one extrinsic factor (ionizing radiation) in facilitating cancer cell invasion. (ubc.ca)
  • Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPα is a widely expressed transmembrane-bound protein that has been implicated in integrin signaling, focal adhesion formation, and normal cell migration. (ubc.ca)
  • We constructed lentiviral vectors (lentivectors) expressing ovalbumin, which was secreted (OVA), cytoplasmic (OVAcyt), or fused to either invariant chain (Ii-OVA) or transferrin receptor (TfR-OVA) sequences, targeting the MHC class II presentation pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Mucosal CD4(+) T cells from the mice that developed colitis proliferated and secreted higher levels of gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha after ex vivo stimulation with a Vbeta11(+) T-cell receptor-restricted peptide from the MPT59 antigen (Ag85B) than those secreted from cells from mice before the onset of colitis. (giostarindia.com)
  • CAR-T are autologous T cells genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that, elicit a non-MHC restricted immune response against tumor associated antigens (TAA). (netrf.org)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cell therapy targeting the B cell specific differentiation antigen CD19 has shown clinical efficacy in a subset of relapsed/refractory (r/r) diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • Macrophage expression of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB 2 ) is induced by inflammatory stimuli and regulates multiple functions including chemotaxis and antigen presentation[ 4 ]. (bmj.com)
  • However, systematic comparative studies of their effects on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CART) cells are lacking. (oncotarget.com)
  • This serves as a guidepost for rationally designing new combination checkpoint therapies, downstream T cell receptor (TCR) isolation, cancer antigen identification and molecular characterization of naturally occurring tumor-reactive T cells in human cancer. (upenn.edu)
  • Circulating tumor cells also demonstrate prognostic value as liquid biopsies in certain tumor types such as breast and prostate, with measurement of nuclear proteins such as prostate cancer androgen receptor splice variant-7, providing additional supportive information for prognosis and therapy selection [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Engineered T cells designed to continuously secrete a CD19/CD3-directed bispecific T-cell engager antibody (STAb-T19) may more effectively prevent relapse of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia than chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells. (astct.org)
  • Approaching the response issue from the other direction, Dr. Melero discussed invigorating T cell function using an agonist of the costimulatory receptor CD137, particularly in combination with other immunotherapies, such as ICB or adoptive T cell transfer. (acir.org)
  • In addition to acquiring improved antigen presentation, tumor-APCs had impaired tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. (lu.se)
  • My work involving the depletion of PTPα in TNBC reveals PTPα as a regulator of ECM degradation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. (ubc.ca)
  • Cross-presentation of cell-associated antigen by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) was determined by CD8+ T cell proliferation assays in vitro and in vivo. (soton.ac.uk)
  • We investigated the expression of angiogenic factors in gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)
  • MAb AR 9.6 blocks the activation of growth factor receptors and thereby inhibits phosphorylation of Akt, which leads to reduced cell proliferation, in vivo tumor growth and metastasis. (stockhouse.com)
  • T-cell and CD4 receptors on the surface of T cells bind to the HLA protein/T-cell epitope complex in order to generate an immune response. (genengnews.com)
  • receptors and conferred enhanced phagocytosis by both macrophages and immature dendritic cells (DN-MFG-E8-Fc) in a dose-dependent manner. (soton.ac.uk)
  • receptors (Fc?Rs) reduced their ability to induce CD8+ T cell proliferation in vivo, suggesting the blockade of a mechanism which is intrinsic for DC maturation or migration. (soton.ac.uk)
  • One approach relies on the isolation and cloning of T cell receptors (TCRs) that confer non-reactive T cells with specific and potent immune function following gene transfer. (upenn.edu)
  • Further, inhibitory receptors present in the TME can inhibit T cell metabolism and alter T cell signaling both directly and through release of extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. (elifesciences.org)
  • In vivo distribution of ACNVs was detected in healthy and tumor-bearing mice after scavenger receptors (SRs) blockade. (dovepress.com)
  • The researchers hypothesized that when PD-1 is blocked, other inhibitory receptors compensate and alter T cell signaling, therefore limiting response to PD-1 blockade. (acir.org)
  • The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal neoplastic hematologic disorders characterized by varying degrees of bone marrow failure, abnormal hematopoiesis, and proliferation of myeloid blast cells. (acgtfoundation.org)
  • We found that the expanded cells possessed significantly improved immune effector functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and cancer cell killing, both in vitro and in the humanized mouse model. (nature.com)
  • Inhibiting KCa1.1 on FLS reduces the ability of FLS to stimulate T EM cell proliferation and migration, and inhibiting Kv1.3 on T EM cells reduces T EM cells' ability to enhance FLS expression of KCa1.1 and major histocompatibility complex class II protein, as well as stimulates their invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Selective blockade of Kv1.3 reduces T EM cell proliferation and cytokine secretion while leaving naïve and central memory T cells able to become activated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In cell coculture assays, ICOVIR-15K-cBiTE-mediated oncolysis resulted in robust T-cell activation, proliferation, and bystander cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • ACNVs were found to possess specific antitumor cell proliferation activity associated with an apoptosis-inducing pathway. (dovepress.com)
  • IL-2 stimulates the proliferation of B cells, augments natural killer cell activity, and inhibits granulocyte macrophage colony formation. (thermofisher.com)
  • We hypothesized that, in CBD, failure of IL-10 to modulate the beryllium-specific, cell-mediated immune response would result in persistent, maximal cytokine production and T lymphocyte proliferation, thus contributing to the development of granulomatous lung disease. (cdc.gov)
  • bronchoalveolar lavage cells from control and CBD subjects to evaluate the beryllium salt-specific production of endogenous IL-10 and the effects of exogenous human rIL-10 (rhIL-10) on HLA expression, on the production of IL-2, IFN- , and TNF- , and on T lymphocyte proliferation. (cdc.gov)
  • We of both mitogen- and Ag-induced accessory cell-dependent T lym- phocyte proliferation. (cdc.gov)
  • Antitumor immunity elicited by tumor-APCs was synergistic with immune checkpoint inhibitors. (lu.se)
  • Restoring antitumor immunity with dendritic cell reprogramming strategies. (lu.se)
  • Resident memory (T RM ) cells are a distinct tissue-localized T cell lineage that is crucial for protective immunity in peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • While a great deal of effort has focused on defining their role in immunity to infections, studies now reveal T RM cells as a vital component of the host immune response to cancer. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review will recount the path to discovering the importance of resident memory CD8 T cells as they pertain to cancer immunity. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to highlighting key studies that directly implicate T RM cells in anti-tumor immunity, we will highlight earlier work that implicitly suggested their importance. (frontiersin.org)
  • The recent success of T cell immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies for cancer has revealed CD8 T cells as potent mediators of immunity against advanced cancers ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • These early classifications of T cell memory were quickly brought to bear on the question of what T cell subset provides the best immunity against cancer. (frontiersin.org)
  • In early phase clinical trials for both acute and chronic myeloid leukemias, we have observed the induction of anti-tumor immunity and associated clinical responses following K562/GM-CSF vaccination (see preliminary data). (acgtfoundation.org)
  • The aim of this thesis work is to interrogate the pro- and anti- tumorigenic roles myeloid cells play in primary and metastatic disease, and how these myeloid populations interact with cells of the adaptive immune system to influence anti-tumor immunity. (ubc.ca)
  • Here we examine their stimulation of antigen-specific CD4 + T cells, critical for protective immunity against tumors or infectious disease. (elsevierpure.com)
  • and interleukin-10 (IL-10) that dampen the initiation of cytotoxic T cell (CTL) immunity and render T cells tolerant. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, γδ T cells can directly kill target cells without the involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) and perform dual functional roles in antitumor and anti-infective immunity. (nature.com)
  • It is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in fishes' adaptive immunity. (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast, ACT expands a patient's own T cells ex vivo to direct anti-tumor immunity when transfused back into the patient. (elifesciences.org)
  • Evidence exists that immune activation against hematopoietic elements frequently occurs in MDS patients, based on the identification of lymphocytic infiltrates in the marrow, oligoclonal expansion of T cells, and excessive production of tumor necrosis factor alpha. (acgtfoundation.org)
  • TAMs secrete biologically active molecules that promote tumor growth and metastasis[ 1 ]. (bmj.com)
  • However, the effect of tumor-derived EVs on the growth and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains to be explored. (molcells.org)
  • These cellular components can include cells of the innate immune system, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and eosinophils, as well as cells of the adaptive immune system, including CD4⁺ T regulatory cells (Tregs) and cytotoxic CD8⁺ T cells. (ubc.ca)
  • I found that eosinophils were directly cytotoxic towards mammary carcinoma cells, likely through degranulation, and that eosinophils decreased pulmonary metastatic growth of breast cancer cells. (ubc.ca)
  • Compared to healthy controls (n=24), DLBCL patients (n=33) showed significant lymphopenia, due to low CD3 + CD4 + T helper and CD3 - CD56 + NK cell counts, while cytotoxic CD3 + CD8 + T cell counts were similar. (frontiersin.org)
  • In in vivo experiments antiangiogenic agents with cytotoxic anticancer drugs formed a highly effective modulator combination for the treatment of the Lewis lung carcinoma against primary and metastatic disease. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Targeting METTL3 by single-guide RNA, nanoparticle small interfering RNA (siRNA), or pharmacological inhibitor (STM2457) in combination with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) synergized to reinvigorate cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and mediate tumor regression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Vaccination with tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells elicits antigen-specific, cytotoxic T-cells in patients with malignant glioma. (nwbio.com)
  • This combination regimen also increased the infiltration of CD8+ T-cells that expressed both PD1 and CD137, and these T-cells were shown to express high levels of interferon-gamma, a marker of cytotoxic effector CD8+ T-cells. (amegroups.org)
  • However, some immune cells are immunosuppressive or transform into immunosuppressive phenotypes under specific conditions, leading to the development of radioresistance. (nature.com)
  • We used the minimal gene regulatory network of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) to reprogram cancer cells into professional antigen-presenting cells (tumor-APCs). (lu.se)
  • Exosomes can transfer molecules from one cell to another via membrane vesicle trafficking, thereby influencing the immune system, such as dendritic cells and B cells, and may play a functional role in mediating adaptive immune responses to pathogens and tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lentiviral vectors encoding antigens are promising vaccine candidates because they transduce dendritic cells (DC) in vivo and prime CTL responses. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Milk fat globule - epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a glycoprotein secreted by activated macrophages and immature dendritic cells. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the professional producers of IFN-I in response to many viruses, including all of the herpesviruses tested. (mdpi.com)
  • Concerning the APC compartment, a major finding was reduced circulating frequencies of both myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (mDC and pDC, respectively) in active pemphigus patients. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs. (nwbio.com)
  • Phase I/II study of vaccination with electrofused allogeneic dendritic cells/autologous tumor-derived cells in patients with stage IV renal cell carcinoma. (nwbio.com)
  • Babatz J, Röllig C, Löbel B, Folprecht G, Haack M, Günther H, Köhne CH, Ehninger G, Schmitz M, Bornhäuser M. Induction of cellular immune responses against carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with metastatic tumors after vaccination with altered peptide ligand-loaded dendritic cells. (nwbio.com)
  • Banchereau J, Ueno H, Dhodapkar M, Connolly J, Finholt JP, Klechevsky E, Blanck JP, Johnston DA, Palucka AK, Fay J. Immune and clinical outcomes in patients with stage IV melanoma vaccinated with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells derived from CD34+ progenitors and activated with type I interferon. (nwbio.com)
  • Maturation and trafficking of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in monkeys: implications for dendritic cell-based vaccines. (nwbio.com)
  • Vaccination of prostatectomized prostate cancer patients in biochemical relapse, with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with recombinant human PSA. (nwbio.com)
  • Bleumer I, Tiemessen DM, Oosterwijk-Wakka JC, Völler MC, De Weijer K, Mulders PF, Oosterwijk E. Preliminary analysis of patients with progressive renal cell carcinoma vaccinated with CA9-peptide-pulsed mature dendritic cells. (nwbio.com)
  • that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
  • Dr. Lim is the Chair of the Department of Neurosurgery and a board-certified neurosurgeon specializing in brain tumors and trigeminal neuralgia. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • Dr. Lim's clinical interests include the treatment of benign and malignant brain tumors, with special interest in gliomas, meningiomas, metastatic tumors, and skull base tumors. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • This is a neoplasm known to be aggressive, representing about 60% cases of brain tumors. (fapesp.br)
  • Reprogramming restored the expression of antigen presentation complexes and costimulatory molecules on the surfaces of tumor cells, allowing the. (lu.se)
  • Previous studies have indicated that organic chemicals extracted from DEP result in induction of apoptosis 11 , increase oxidative stress 12 , and induce the production of inflammatory cells 13 - 15 through the release of pro-inflammatory molecules in vitro 15 , 16 . (ersjournals.com)
  • The current authors have recently shown that PQ induces recruitment of inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils and neutrophils, into the lung with the lung expression of pro-inflammatory molecules such as interleukin (IL)-5 and eotaxin in vivo 24 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Although the exosomal protein composition varies with the cell and tissue of origin, most exosomes contain an evolutionarily-conserved common set of protein molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, scientists who are actively researching the role that exosomes may play in cell-to-cell signaling, often hypothesize that delivery of their cargo RNA molecules can explain biological effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apoptotic cells treated with DN-MFG-E8-Fc protein resulted in upregulation of costimulatory molecules, CD86 and CD70, when BMDCs were deficient for the inhibitory Fc?R, Fc?RIIb. (soton.ac.uk)
  • The complete activation of T cells requires the engagement of co-stimulatory molecules whose expression is temporally segregated and whose nature of biochemical signals are complementary. (fapesp.br)
  • Vγ9Vδ2 T cells recognize pyrophosphates secreted by many microbes or overproduced by malignant cells in the context of butyrophilin 3A1 molecules. (nature.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
  • CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)
  • however the expression of inhibitory molecules (PD-L1, VISTA) increased on the newly infiltrating T cells, suggesting the need for targeting multiple pathways in prostate cancer. (acir.org)
  • Enforced expression of the transcription factors PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3 (PIB) was sufficient to induce the cDC1 phenotype in 36 cell lines derived from human and mouse hematological and solid tumors. (lu.se)
  • A N-glycan specific lectin from Rhizoctonia bataticola [RBL] was shown to induce growth inhibitory and apoptotic effect in human ovarian, colon and leukemic cells but mitogenic effect on normal PBMCs as reported earlier, revealing its clinical potential. (bvsalud.org)
  • Itolizumab does not induce in vitro apoptosis, complement or antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors [8]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • Haining concluded that Adar1 is a checkpoint, and its removal could potentially induce sufficient inflammation to restrict tumor growth while bypassing the need for recognition of tumor by CD8 + T cells. (acir.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Emerging data suggest that second-generation influenza vaccines with higher hemagglutinin (HA) antigen content and/or different production methods may induce stronger antibody responses to HA than standard-dose egg-based influenza vaccines in adults. (cdc.gov)
  • Injection of in vitro generated melanoma-derived tumor-APCs into subcutaneous melanoma tumors delayed tumor growth and increased survival in mice. (lu.se)
  • The current authors have previously demonstrated that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) enhance antigen-related airway inflammation in mice. (ersjournals.com)
  • The current authors investigated the effects of naphthoquinone (NQ), one of the extractable chemical compounds of DEP, on antigen-related airway inflammation, local expression of cytokine proteins, and antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) production in mice. (ersjournals.com)
  • The current authors have recently demonstrated that extracted organic chemicals from DEP, rather than residual carbonaceous nuclei of DEP after extraction, predominantly enhance antigen-related airway inflammation in mice 17 . (ersjournals.com)
  • More recently, it has also been demonstrated that PQ aggravates antigen-related airway inflammation in mice, and that PQ also has adjuvant activity for antigen-specific Igs 25 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Direct injection of the OVA-, Ii-OVA-, or TfR-OVA-expressing vectors into mice resulted in a CD4 + T cell response, as shown by expansion of adoptively transferred OT-II T cells and upregulation of CD44 on these cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The Ii-OVA vector was the most potent inducer of IFN-γ-secreting CD4 + and CD8 + T cells and was the only vector to protect mice completely from challenge with OVA-expressing tumor cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The ability of the BiTE-like molecule to efficiently activate T cells against NETs in vivo will be tested on 6-8-week-old NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull mice with SSTR+ NET subcutaneous xenografts. (netrf.org)
  • The mice will be treated with T cells alone or in combination with the BiTE-like molecule. (netrf.org)
  • Infected mice treated with Pam3CSK4 possessed more hepatic inflammation focus, lower IgG and IgG2a antibody titers, and a lower proportion of spleen CD3+CD4+ T cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • HMy2 tumors were established in SCID mice on day 0. (slideserve.com)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
  • Animal studies showed that miR-153-3p-EVs accelerated tumor growth in mice. (molcells.org)
  • Besides, we found that miR-153-3p-EVs could damage the respiratory ability of mice and produce a mass of inflammatory cells around the lung tissue of mice. (molcells.org)
  • Nevertheless, antagomir-153-3p treatment could inhibit the deterioration of respiratory function and inhibit the growth of lung tumors in mice. (molcells.org)
  • This translated to reduced tumor growth and increased survival in mice. (acir.org)
  • CD19-targeted CAR T cells therapy has shown remarkable efficacy in treatment of B cell malignancies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery for glomus jugulare tumors. (stanfordhealthcare.org)
  • Although the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of cannabinoids is mimicked in continuously cultured cancer cells in vitro , cannabinoid potency for direct elicitation of apoptosis in cancer cells is far lower, indicating that other mechanisms (perhaps other cell types within the tumor) are involved in vivo . (bmj.com)
  • However, the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-T cells is still low or non-existent against solid tumors, which make up the vast majority of neoplasms. (fapesp.br)
  • Among these 132 patients, 8 liver cancer patients and 10 lung cancer patients who received ≥5 cell infusions showed greatly prolonged survival, which preliminarily verified the efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy. (nature.com)
  • While many methods have been developed to screen and evaluate the efficacy of immune cell‑mediated killing, there is a need for a more robust in vitro assay to accurately predict the in vivo behavior of therapies. (technologynetworks.com)
  • While the data provided by these assays help piece together an understanding of different facets of immune cell‑mediated killing, it is important to note that the parameters being reported often do not correlate with target cell killing efficacy in vivo. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Collectively, these results may have a profound impact on the efficacy of CART cells in both hematologic and solid cancers. (oncotarget.com)
  • Beside the focuses on the aspects of treatment, companion diagnostics are increasingly recognized as playing important roles in patient screening, treatment regimen, efficacy evaluation, and real-time monitoring of CAR-T cell therapies. (ijbs.com)
  • Here, two recombinant dominant-negative MFG-E8 proteins were generated: one which is shown to inhibit PS-dependent apoptotic cell uptake by macrophages by over 40% (DN-MFG-E8), and a second which re-directed apoptotic cells through Fc? (soton.ac.uk)
  • In human breast cancers, tumor infiltration by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) correlates with multiple markers of poor prognosis: higher tumor macrophage counts are associated with higher tumor grade, higher tumor vascular density, and reduced overall survival[ 1 ]. (bmj.com)
  • Monocytes and macrophages but also dysregulated T cell responses may contribute to the cytokine release syndrome [2]. (fortuneonline.org)
  • 0.05), and trended towards decreasing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) (P=0.18). (amegroups.org)
  • Here we show that anti-mouse 4-1BB monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) inhibit thymus-dependent antibody production by B cells. (rupress.org)
  • Flow cytometry, western blot analysis of membrane proteins showed the competitive binding of RBL and CA 125 antibody for the same binding sites on SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • ScFv is the antigen-binding domain of CAR structure, which is composed of a single heavy and light chain of monoclonal antibody connected by a linker. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we show that the murine antibody, mKap, binds specifically to a range of kappa-type multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines and mediates in vivo anti-tumor activity in a SCID mouse human myeloma xenograft model. (slideserve.com)
  • This Antibody was verified by Relative expression to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
  • A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)
  • Absent this sequence of events, and in tandem with its continued antibody secretion, STAb-T19 is able to quickly and effectively eradicate leukemic cells, thus checking tumor progression and avoiding relapses associated with CAR-T19 treatment. (astct.org)
  • We compared antibody responses to high-dose egg-based inactivated (HD-IIV3), recombinant (RIV4), and cell culture-based (ccIIV4) vs standard-dose egg-based inactivated influenza vaccine (SD-IIV4) among health care personnel (HCP) aged 18-65 years in 2 influenza seasons (2018-2019, 2019-2020). (cdc.gov)
  • These findings suggest that recombinant vaccines rather than vaccines with higher egg-based antigen doses may provide improved antibody responses in highly vaccinated populations. (cdc.gov)
  • Murine DC infected with the various lentivectors could stimulate OT-I (CD8 + , OVA TCR transgenic) T cells and all except OVAcyt could also stimulate OT-II (CD4 + , OVA TCR transgenic) T cells in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This is due to the fact that certain amino acid sequences, so-called T-cell epitopes, when presented by antigen-presenting cells and recognized by helper T cells, will stimulate a powerful immune response. (genengnews.com)
  • Both tumor cells and host cells secrete a variety of factors to stimulate angiogenesis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Subsequent in vitro studies have demonstrated that antigens from P. acnes can stimulate the development of subclasses of T cells [ 6 ]. (escholarship.org)
  • Two IGRAs have been approved by FDA for use in the United States: the original QuantiFERON ® -TB test (QFT) and the recently approved QFT-G. The two tests use different antigens to stimulate IFN-g release, different methods of measurement, and different approaches to test interpretation. (cdc.gov)
  • Fusion cell vaccination of patients with metastatic breast and renal cancer induces immunological and clinical responses. (nwbio.com)
  • Such memory T cells were traditionally defined as being comprised of both central memory (T CM ) and effector memory (T EM ) subsets ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The most commonly used method for measuring immune cell‑mediated killing is the release assay, where effector cell‑mediated disruption of the target cell membrane results in leakage of its cytoplasmic contents into the culture medium. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Endogenous biomolecules (such as lactate dehydrogenase) or previously added exogenous labels (such as the radioisotope 51Cr) that leak into the media are then measured as an indirect readout of the damage caused by effector cells. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and CCR7 − effector memory T (T EM ) cells are two of the major cell types implicated in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, cKap satisfies the therapeutic criteria of being able to trigger ADCC MMusing human peripheral blood-derived effector cells. (slideserve.com)
  • T cells must substantially increase nutrient uptake to mount a proper immune response and failure to obtain sufficient nutrients or engage the appropriate metabolic pathways can alter or prevent effector T cell differentiation and function. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, functional analysis on the cellular level could not confirm an enhanced immunogenicity status of APC in active pemphigus patients, yet we found in these patients increased plasma levels of the proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Eady and Cove have suggested that increased permeability of the follicular wall secondary to the release of the proinflammatory and cell-differentiating cytokine interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) may be all that is necessary to initiate the intradermal inflammatory process that characterizes inflammatory lesions [ 4 ]. (escholarship.org)
  • T RM responses against tumor/self-antigens can concurrently result in the development of pathogenic T RM responses to self, with a growing number of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory pathologies being attributed to T RM responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Informed by studies in infectious disease models, and instructed by a clear role for T RM cells in autoimmunity, we will discuss strategies for therapeutically promoting T RM responses in settings where they don't naturally occur. (frontiersin.org)
  • The persistence of such responses is fundamentally thought to be based on the ability of T cells to act as potent effectors and, subsequently, generate long-lived memory ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • both CD4 + and CD8 + responses can be enhanced by targeting the antigen to the MHC class II pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
  • By comparing responses to different amino acid sequences, a T-cell epitope map can be built up which allows the scientist to predict what modification can be designed into the Factor VIII molecule to make it less immunogenic. (genengnews.com)
  • Other current efforts include the exploration of immunomodulation to potentiate endogenous antitumor T cell responses, use of bispecific antibodies, pharmacological sensitization of tumor cells to immune attack, tumor vasculature targeting, preclinical validations, clinical translation and trial support. (upenn.edu)
  • Aim of the second part of this doctoral thesis was to investigate Dsg3-specific cellular and humoral immune responses in a novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*04:02-transgenic (tg) mouse model of PV under the genetic restriction by HLA-DRB1*04:02. (uni-marburg.de)
  • In summary, this experimental study convincingly confirmed that the PV mouse model reproduces the principle mechanisms of HLA-dependent and human Dsg3-specific induction of CD4+ T and B cell responses observed in PV patients. (uni-marburg.de)
  • The present study provides in vivo evidence that a GSH mediated pathway underlies asthma-like eosinophilic inflammatory responses to respiratory tract isocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • I demonstrated that tumor cells secreted proteins that drove the recruitment and/or expansion of pulmonary TAMs, Tregs, and granulocytic-MDSCs (G-MDSCs), resulting in increased primary lung tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis of mammary carcinoma cells, respectively. (ubc.ca)
  • Cancer cells can exploit normal mechanisms of cellular motility to facilitate invasion and metastasis, the process by which cancer cells disseminate to distant organs. (ubc.ca)
  • The expression of one of the angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor antigen, in gastric cancer cells can thus serve as a pertinent predictive factor for hematogenous invasion or metastasis, in addition to having prognostic value. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Recent findings in our lab and by others indicate that CB 2 agonists significantly reduce tumor burden and metastasis in several models. (bmj.com)
  • Compared with squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma is the most common type of NSCLC due to its high incidence and rapid metastasis. (molcells.org)
  • 1. Examine the in vivo effect of: a) DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, b) HDACi, and c) IMiDs on the response to GM-CSF tumor vaccines in a mouse model (year 1). (acgtfoundation.org)
  • We used in vitro functional assays to assess the effects of selective KCa1.1 and Kv1.3 channel inhibitors on the interactions of FLS isolated from rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) with syngeneic T EM cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The endocytosis mechanism of ACNVs was evaluated on Hep G2 cells in the presence of different endocytosis inhibitors. (dovepress.com)
  • EVs in circulation carry genetic material and proteins from their cell of origin, proteo-transcriptomic signatures that act as biomarkers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exosomes were shown to participate in selective removal of many plasma membrane proteins as the reticulocyte becomes a mature red blood cell (erythrocyte). (wikipedia.org)
  • Exosomes contain various molecular constituents of their cell of origin, including proteins and RNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the authors of this study did not find RNA-induced silencing complex-associated proteins in these exosomes, they suggested that only the pre-miRNAs, but not the mature miRNAs in MSC exosomes, have the potential to be biologically active in the recipient cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Targeting tumor-secreted proteins, or the suppressive immune cells that are expanded in response to said proteins, led to a decrease in primary and metastatic pulmonary disease. (ubc.ca)
  • We also used flow cytometric analyses to determine the effects of KCa1.1 blockers on the expression of proteins used for antigen presentation on CIA-FLS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because these proteins are absent from all Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine strains and from commonly encountered nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) except M. kansasii , M. szulgai , and M. marinum ( 1 ), QFT-G is expected to be more specific for M. tuberculosis than tests that use tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) as the antigen. (cdc.gov)
  • Of note, among these influence factors, CAR T cells differentiation and exhaustion are identified as the central part due to the fact that almost all factors eventually alter the state of cells differentiation and exhaustion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptome analysis revealed that Th1/Th2 differentiation, NK cells, Th17 cell, complement system and calcium signaling pathways were down-regulated post-treatment of Pam3CSK4. (bvsalud.org)
  • The laminins are an important and biologically active part of the basal lamina, influencing cell differentiation, migration, and adhesion. (pearltrees.com)
  • This review will discuss the metabolic adaptations necessary for T cells to meet changing biochemical needs throughout different stages of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)
  • IL2 plays an important role as a growth factor, differentiation factor, and regulator of cell death. (thermofisher.com)
  • The basic and common immunologic defect in common variable immunodeficiency is a failure of B-lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells that produce the various immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes. (medscape.com)
  • These studies described failure of B-cell differentiation because of altered B-cell surface-molecule expression. (medscape.com)
  • RBL has unique specificity for high mannose tri and tetra antennary N-glycans, expressed in ovarian cancer and also recognizes glycans which are part of CA 125 antigen, a well known ovarian cancer marker. (bvsalud.org)
  • These CAR-T cells will be evaluated for specificity, antineoplastic potential and in vivo persistence in an orthotopic model of human glioblastoma multiforme. (fapesp.br)
  • These antigens impart greater specificity than is possible with tests using purified protein derivative as the tuberculosis (TB) antigen. (cdc.gov)
  • γδ T cells, specifically the Vγ9Vδ2 subset, which is the dominate subset among γδ T cells in human peripheral blood, recognize target cells in a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-independent manner. (nature.com)
  • 2. Conduct a clinical trial in MDS testing K562/GM-CSF vaccination integrated with the systemic agent(s) identified in aim 1 as being most active in combination with GM-CSF tumor vaccines (years 2 and 3). (acgtfoundation.org)
  • Blood cell and serum markers, along with clinical data of DLBCL patients who were scheduled for CART cell therapy were evaluated to search for biomarkers predicting CART cell responsiveness. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pre-clinical studies demonstrate that macrophage ablation retards tumor progression[ 3 ], suggesting that TAMs may be a viable target for eliciting an anti-tumor response. (bmj.com)
  • Due to their HLA-independent mode of action, allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be considered for clinical application. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, a phase I clinical trial in 132 late-stage cancer patients with a total of 414 cell infusions unequivocally validated the clinical safety of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. (nature.com)
  • Each of those cell sources has specific advantages and disadvantages, and each has found particular clinical applications. (medscape.com)
  • Encouragingly and optimistically, in this landscape, more than forty clinical trials in treatment of solid tumors by CAR-T cells have been registered in China alone (Table 1 ) [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Further research is needed, according to the study authors, to fully assess the therapeutic scope and safety profile of STAb-T19 cells in a clinical setting. (astct.org)
  • Clinical trials have shown that for melanoma, NSCLC, or renal cell carcinoma patients treated with anti-PD-1, elevated serum IL-8 at baseline predicted lower survival. (acir.org)
  • Емболія амніотичною рідиною Amniotic fluid embolism is a clinical syndrome of hypoxia, hypotension, and coagulopathy that results from entry of fetal antigens into the maternal circulation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In metastatic melanoma patients increased peripheral ICOS + CD4 + T cells correlated with improved survival. (acir.org)
  • Cytotoxicity, antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing capacity of ACNVs against hepatoma carcinoma cell were assessed. (dovepress.com)
  • Research demonstrated that, compared with engineered T cells expressing a second-generation anti-CD19 CAR (CAR-T19), the STAb-T19 cells do a better job of inducing cytotoxicity, blocking leukemia escape in vitro, and preventing in vivo relapse. (astct.org)
  • Various factors in the process contribute to impact the in vivo persistence and durable antitumor effects of CAR T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • for example, there are inconsistent views 24 on the intratumoral γδ T-cell signature as the most favorable prognostic biomarker 25 of cancers and discussions on the pro- and antitumor activities of γδ T cells. (nature.com)
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that METTL3 suppressed antitumor immune response by reducing granzyme B (GZMB+) and interferon gamma-positive (IFN-γ+) CD8+ T cell infiltration, thereby facilitating immune escape. (bvsalud.org)
  • In vivo antitumor activity and toxicity were evaluated in Hep G2 cell xenograft model. (dovepress.com)
  • In vivo antitumor results showed that PEGylated ACNVs could significantly inhibit tumor growth without side effects. (dovepress.com)
  • However, relapse of primary disease remains a major obstacle after CAR T cells therapy, and the majority of relapses present a tumor phenotype with retention of target antigen (antigen-positive relapse), which highly correlate with poor CAR T cells persistence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other established methods, such as flow cytometry, can then provide extra data regarding immune cell phenotype, activation, and function. (technologynetworks.com)
  • IL-7 induced the highest proportion of memory stem cell-like CART cells in the final product, and IL-21 supported the expansion of CART cells with a younger phenotype, while IL-2 induced more differentiated CART cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • 1 , 2 In recent years, mammalian cell-derived exosomes (a type of extracellular vesicle) have been widely used in the field of biomedicine, including diagnosis, regulation of disease progression and drug delivery. (dovepress.com)
  • These ANN ment, cell-cycle progression, drug treat- with different dyes. (lu.se)
  • EGFR, PBRM1 , LKB1 , JAK1/2 , and B2M mutations), complex rearrangements/copy number variations (e.g. programmed death ligand 1/2 [PD-L1/2] amplification), microsatellite instability, and TMB-related metrics can be detected in blood using next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of circulating tumor DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two of the primary immunotherapies are immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell transfer (ACT). (elifesciences.org)
  • We have developed a genetically modified tumor cell vaccine for the treatment of myeloid malignancies. (acgtfoundation.org)
  • Therefore, study on factors and mechanisms that limit the in vivo persistence of CAR T cells is crucial for developing strategies to reduce the probability of tumor relapse and improve the long-term disease-free survival for patients who are treated with CAR T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. (nature.com)
  • A phase II study showed that patients with resected local-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) had improved survival when pembrolizumab was added to adjuvant RT (NCT02641093). (nature.com)
  • CXCL8) is produced by many solid tumors, where it attracts myeloid cells and potentiates the survival of tumor cells. (acir.org)
  • One focus of the Powell lab is on the generation/isolation high avidity, tumor-reactive T cells from heterogenous tumor infiltrating lymphocyte populations in traditionally "non-immunogenic" cancers utilizing novel T cell capture techniques, and to deeply examine the characteristics and function of these immune cells. (upenn.edu)
  • The Mouse Cytokine Array detects multiple analytes in cell culture lysates and supernates. (rndsystems.com)
  • Our data demonstrate that beryllium-stimulated bronchoalveolar lavage cells produce IL-10, and the neutralization of endogenous IL-10 does not increase significantly cytokine production, HLA expression, or T lymphocyte pro- liferation. (cdc.gov)
  • In a growing number of cases, CD8 T cells have been shown to mediate the regression of large bulky tumors, resulting in durable long-term disease remissions ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In Chapter 4, I profiled the dynamic myeloid compartment following antigen specific CD8⁺ T cell-mediated tumor regression and recurrence. (ubc.ca)
  • I demonstrated that using glucose restriction of CD8⁺ T cells in vitro led to improved tumor regression in vivo. (ubc.ca)
  • I identified several potentially suppressive myeloid cell subsets, including TAMs and arginase-1ʰⁱ monocytic-MDSCs (M-MDSCs) that expand during CD8⁺ T cell-mediated tumor regression and subsequent recurrence, which may play a role in tumor regrowth. (ubc.ca)
  • Univariate and multivariate regression analyses showed that low levels of differentiated CD3 + CD27 - CD28 - T cells (23.3 ± 19.3% versus 35.1 ± 18.0%) were independently associated with OR. (frontiersin.org)
  • Decreased antigen presentation contributes to the ability of cancer cells to evade the immune system. (lu.se)
  • Failure of the immune system to differentiate between apoptotic tumour cells and cells rendered apoptotic as part of homeostasis prevents a successful response being mounted against tumours. (soton.ac.uk)
  • 4 How can the immune system be harnessed to target tumors? (technologynetworks.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) involves the intravenous infusion of hematopoietic stem cells in order to reestablish blood cell production in patients whose bone marrow or immune system is damaged or defective. (medscape.com)
  • The mechanisms by which isocyanates cause asthma remain unclear, hampering disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.7 It is assumed the reactive nature of N=C=O groups underlies isocyanate asthma, with a hapten-based mechanism as the most obvious pathway to pathogenesis.8 However, the critical "self" reaction targets for isocyanate in vivo remain uncertain. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that T RM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Such tumor-specific T RM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Following effective priming in lymph nodes, T cells traffic to tumors and other peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • whereas T EM cells were shown to recirculate predominantly through blood, and peripheral tissues ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the early 2000's, large and persistent populations of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues were initially classified as T EM cells in recirculation from the blood ( 8 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • SSTR-specific tumor toxicity will be assessed by coculturing T cells isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors with SSTR-expressing NET cells by RTCA. (netrf.org)
  • Therefore, we developed a novel formula to improve the expansion of peripheral γδ T cells from healthy donors. (nature.com)
  • The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP), founded in 1986, and the World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA), founded in 1988, were established to (1) locate and secure appropriate unrelated-donor HSCT sources for patients by promoting volunteer donation of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells in the community and (2) promote ethical practices of sharing stem cell sources by need, rather than by geographic location of the donor. (medscape.com)
  • In this study production levels of interleukins (IL)-12 and IL-13 were measured by commercial ELISA in culture supernatants of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 30 non-splenectomized beta- thalassaemia cases with iron overload and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. (who.int)
  • However, another study has suggested that miRNAs in exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are predominantly pre- and not mature miRNAs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently, the analysis of TMB and T-cell gene expression provided value in identifying patients most likely to respond to pembrolizumab, suggesting the potential value for these biomarkers in the selection of patients for checkpoint therapy [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Loss of Adar1 reduced inhibitory cell populations (e.g. (acir.org)
  • RESULTS: AHL strongly binds to HT-29 cells with a Mean Fluorescence Intensity of 12.4, which could be blocked by competing glycoprotein asialofetuin. (bvsalud.org)
  • AHL inhibits HT-29 cell growth in a dose and time-dependent manner with IC50 of 2.5 µg/mL and differentially binds to human normal and cancerous tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • MAb AR 9.6 licensed from University of Nebraska Medical Centre binds to a novel tumor associated marker (truncated O-Glycan bearing MUC16) and has potential use in targeted cancer therapy for pancreatic, ovarian and breast cancer. (stockhouse.com)
  • Our approach serves as a platform for the development of immunotherapies that endow cancer cells with the capability to process and present endogenous tumor antigens. (lu.se)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device The therapeutic candidate is a patient specific (autologous) induced pluripotent stem cell derived retinal pigment epithelium (AiPSC-RPE) product. (ca.gov)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device Autologous hematopoietic stem cells transduced with a HexA/HexB expressing lentiviral vector Indication Tay-Sachs disease Therapeutic Mechanism The transplanted gene modified autologous hematopoietic stem cells will engraft in the bone marrow and start producing HexA/HexB expressing immune progeny. (ca.gov)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device Autologous blood stem cells edited to restore iduronidase expression Indication Severe Mucopolysaccharidosis Type 1 (MPS1/ Hurler's syndrome) Therapeutic Mechanism Autologous blood stem cells undergo genome editing to restore the production of the missing enzyme. (ca.gov)
  • Therapeutic Candidate or Device Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells collected from X-CGD patients modified with a highly regulated lentiviral vector Indication X-linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease Therapeutic Mechanism Lentiviral vector (LV) modification of autologous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to restore physiologic gp91phox expression. (ca.gov)
  • Cells for HSCT may be obtained from the patient himself or herself (autologous transplant) or from another person, such as a sibling or unrelated donor (allogeneic transplant) or an identical twin (syngeneic transplant). (medscape.com)
  • Hence, in the present study diagnostic and therapeutic potential of RBL was investigated using human ovarian epithelial cancer SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells known for differentially expressing CA 125. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dr. Sharma's main takeaway was that analysis of tumor samples before and after treatment should enable rational guidance for therapeutic decisions. (acir.org)
  • Combined exposure to NQ and antigen enhanced the local expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, eotaxin, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 and keratinocyte chemoattractant, compared with exposure to antigen or NQ alone. (ersjournals.com)
  • For example, mRNA in exosomes has been suggested to affect protein production in the recipient cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this first part the sequence will be optimized, and the protein produced after transfecting insect cells with Baculovirus containing the DNA sequence coding for the BiTE-like molecule. (netrf.org)
  • After induction with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of tsGILT mRNA was upregulated in spleen and kidney and recombinant tsGILT protein transferred to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • The process of immune response to bacteria challenge needs GILT to catalyze the reduction of disulfide bond and unfolding native protein antigens, promoting their hydrolysis by proteases. (bvsalud.org)
  • They are a major component of the basal lamina (one of the layers of the basement membrane), a protein network foundation for most cells and organs. (pearltrees.com)
  • Despite these efforts, there are still no CAR-T cells clinically approved for solid tumor treatment so far. (ijbs.com)
  • Cancer can be considered a disease of immune dysfunction, with a failure of immune recognition leading to the outgrowth of malignant cells as tumors ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)