Secondary vehicle emissions emissions aerosols. Medical search. Frequent questions

In regard to particles, the largest primary particulate matter concentrations and potential for secondary particle formation was measured for the E10 fuel (10? (vtt.fi)
To characterize the atmospheric aerosols in Chungcheong Province, Korea, we measured the concentrations of black carbon for about eight months (September 2015-April 2016) and compared them with PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations as well as various meteorological parameters (e.g., wind velocity and wind direction). (aaqr.org)
As typical products of primary atmospheric aerosols, we measured and monitored BC concentrations for eight months from September 2015 to April 2016 in Chungcheong Province, Korea, to clarify regional BC emissions. (aaqr.org)
2013). Specifically, we use gas-phase organic mass (GPOM) and CO emission factors in conjunction with measured enhancements in oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) relative to CO to quantify the significant lack of closure between expected and observed organic aerosol concentrations attributable to fossil-fuel emissions. (copernicus.org)
This forms the basis of the current understanding of the relationship of emissions to roadside concentrations and size distributions. (wikipedia.org)
We found that organic acid dissociation leads to increased hydrogen ion concentrations and sulfate aerosol mass in aqueous aerosols, increasing cloud formation. (copernicus.org)
A study assessing both the relative contributions different types of vehicles make to diesel aerosol concentrations and the effectiveness of control strategies and technologies. (cdc.gov)
The underground ambient concentrations were quantified, and real-world emission factors were calculated. (lu.se)
Therefore, to assess the global and regional PM 2.5 disease burden and its source contributions, recent studies have employed 3D chemical transport models as a means to relate changes in surface emissions to atmospheric PM 2.5 concentrations. (nature.com)
If the scientists were to apply their findings from the LA study to the rest of the world, a decrease in the emission of organic species from gasoline engines may significantly reduce SOA concentrations on a global scale as well. (sciencedaily.com)
2003). The calculations also demonstrate that episodic peak ozone concentrations are decreasing in Europe, primarily because of motor vehicle emission controls brought in during the 1990s. (uni-bayreuth.de)
The evaluation was carried out in a large aerosol test chamber where relatively uniform concentrations of polydisperse sodium chloride and glass-sphere particles were generated to test the system with nano- and micro-size particles. (cdc.gov)

The DOC was also effective in reducing secondary organic aerosol formation upon atmospheric aging. (lu.se)

As important precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA), VOCs can cause severe photochemical smog and haze through a series of photochemical processes and consequent gas-to-particle condensations ( 3 - 5 ). (matthey.com)
Existing research results show that VOCs dominate the main chemical reaction process of O 3 production in most urban areas, and they are also one of the important precursors of secondary organic aerosols. (hjkxyj.org.cn)

Secondary inorganic aerosols - particles formed in the air as a result of gases reacting with each other from combustion sources -contributed by 20% to PM 2.5 formation, it said. (hindustantimes.com)
Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model resolved six PM 2.5 sources at each site, among which vehicular emissions contributed the most (32.2 ± 3.18%) at ULG, while secondary inorganic aerosols (including secondary SO 4 2− and NO 3 − ) together with regional biomass burning (36.5 ± 5.21%) dominated at TC. (edu.hk)

Thus, despite the rapid growth of vehicle population in the past two decades, tailpipe pollutants only increased slightly ( 9 , 10 ). (matthey.com)
2. **Improving Fuel Efficiency:** Investing in more fuel-efficient technologies and promoting eco-driving practices can decrease the overall fuel consumption and, consequently, the emissions of air pollutants. (iboneolza.com)
While diesel engines emit other pollutants such as soot and nitrogen oxides, for organic aerosol pollution they are not the primary culprit," Bahreini said. (sciencedaily.com)
A change in wind direction can only lead to slight improvement, as vehicles and other sources will continue to emit pollutants. (hindustantimes.com)
The main research activities of the Atmospheric Chemistry Research Laboratory at Bayreuth are the characterisation of aerosols and the investigation of aerosol reactions (organic coatings of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) and deliquescent sea-salt) in indoor photoreactors. (uni-bayreuth.de)
However, heavy-duty vehicles top in the most prominent air pollutants. (topessaywriting.org)
Here we take a look the primary and secondary air pollutants responsible for these combustion and photochemical smogs. (rsc.org)
Over the past century, the major primary pollutants in cities have been SO 2 , NO x (NO and NO 2 ), CO, VOCs (volatile organic compounds such as alkanes, alkenes and ethers) and primary aerosols. (rsc.org)

His most significant work has been in the field of vehicle emitted particles, including their chemical composition and atmospheric processing. (wikipedia.org)
We compare predictions of six models to surface activity of strongly surface active aerosol and find significant differences between the models, especially with large fractions of surfactant in the dry particles. (copernicus.org)
These can lead to secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a major contributor of PM 2.5 -an important regulated air pollutant comprising particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter-which has significant effects on public health. (mightynatural.com)
SOAs are tiny particles that are formed in air and make up typically 40 percent to 60 percent of the aerosol mass in urban environments. (sciencedaily.com)
This research topic is stemmed in many potential formation mechanisms of aerosols, including nucleation, secondary organic aerosols, and primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP's). (utah.edu)

Advanced analyzing techniques were used to characterize the composition of the organic PM. Special attention was paid to an operating point at 18% intake oxygen level with constant engine operating conditions where the emission level of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was low, and carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) were relatively low. (lu.se)
The inventory included estimates for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), secondary organic aerosols, PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and ammonia (NH 3 ). (nationalacademies.org)
Emission control strategies, such as aftertreatment systems, have been implemented to reduce the health hazardous particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. (lu.se)
VOCs, along with nitrogen oxides, contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosols, a type of fine particulate matter that can lead to respiratory problems and cardiovascular issues when inhaled. (iboneolza.com)
Global concerns regarding air quality have over the past decade led to the introduction of regulations by the International Maritime Organisation curbing the emissions of sulphur and nitrogen oxides (SOx, NOx). (tno.nl)

The overarching theme of Dr. Hallar's research is using high quality measurements of trace gases, aerosol physical and chemical properties, and cloud microphysics to understand connections between the biosphere, atmosphere, and climate, along with the impact of anthropogenic emissions on these connections. (utah.edu)
With the dramatic increase of motor vehicles in recent years, tailpipe emissions have become one of the primary anthropogenic air pollution sources in China, especially in large metropolises ( 1 , 2 ). (matthey.com)
Characteristics of anthropogenic VOCs emission in an industrial city and control measures for typical industries[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences. (hjkxyj.org.cn)
This study takes Liaocheng City as an example to analyze the characteristics of anthropogenic VOCs emissions and typical industry control measures. (hjkxyj.org.cn)
Comment on "World Atmospheric CO2, Its 14C Specific Activity, Non-fossil Component, Anthropogenic Fossil Component, and Emissions (1750-2018)" (Skrable et al. (tamu.edu)

Responsibility for air pollution is commonly attributed to the physical entities that release emissions, such as power plants, factories, farms, and vehicles. (epa.gov)
Through the inclusion of the Estimating Air pollution Social Impact Using Regression (EASIUR) and Air Pollution Emission Experiments and Policy analysis (AP2) models, we are developing scenarios including but not limited to: region specific criteria pollutant regulations that vary by source, sector, and marginal damage to the environment, as well as carbon emission caps and taxes. (epa.gov)
lt;p>While most traffic-related pollution comes from vehicle sources, the impact of cars and trucks may decrease as gross polluters are phased out. (planetizen.com)
As a result, asphalt emissions may contribute more to air pollution as urban areas grow-45 percent of the surface area in the United States is paved-and temperatures rise due to climate change. (planetizen.com)
Air pollution from combustion sources (not only from vehicles) is a global problem that will be present for years to come. (lu.se)
Due to the many adverse effects linked to aerosol air pollution, measures need to be taken to reduce the particle exposures in environmental and occupational settings. (lu.se)
One of the significant contributors to air pollution is fast gas, or high-octane gasoline, which powers millions of vehicles around the world. (iboneolza.com)
1. **Promoting Cleaner Transportation:** Encouraging the adoption of electric vehicles and alternative fuels, such as hydrogen and biofuels, can significantly reduce air pollution from the transportation sector. (iboneolza.com)
The exhaust fumes from gasoline vehicles contribute more to the production of a specific type of air pollution-secondary organic aerosols -than those from diesel vehicles, according to a new study. (sciencedaily.com)
The exhaust fumes from gasoline vehicles contribute more to the production of a specific type of air pollution -- secondary organic aerosols (SOA) -- than those from diesel vehicles, according to a new study by scientists from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) and other colleagues. (sciencedaily.com)
As per Delhi government's real-time source apportionment on Friday, vehicles accounted for 44% of the city's PM 2.5 pollution, followed by 22% from biomass burning, or farm fires. (hindustantimes.com)
In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of air pollution emissions. (dokumen.pub)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Air pollution emissions / editors, Daniel G. Vasiliev and Robert A. Kask. (dokumen.pub)
The air pollution in the city is because of different factors such as gasoline quality, economic factors, excessive use of motor vehicles and geographical factors. (topessaywriting.org)
Mobile sources include private and public vehicles, which contribute to approximately 70% of the pollution while state sources, which include industries, factories, commercial and residential centers, help to about 30% of air pollution in Tehran. (topessaywriting.org)
These vehicles use diesel that emits a higher level of particle matter pollution compared to those that use petroleum and gas. (topessaywriting.org)
The onset of the industrial revolution in the 17th century heralded a more lethal form of air pollution as man-induced emissions increased. (rsc.org)
These results challenge the existing paradigm that diesel cars are associated, in general, with far higher PM emission rates, reflecting the effectiveness of engine add-ons like DPFs to stem pollution," the study added. (epa.news)
Patrick Hayes, a chemist at the University of Montreal who worked on the study, said government regulators should look at shifting the blame on gasoline-powered vehicles as the source of pollution rather than cars that are powered by diesel engines. (epa.news)
Hayes analyzed air pollution that came from vehicles that trudged along traffic-heavy Los Angeles streets. (epa.news)
Severer primary PM 2.5 pollution especially the street-level pollution in Lagos called for effective control measures, such as periodical upgrade of fuel and retrofits on vehicles, which have been successfully promoted in Hong Kong. (edu.hk)

Elemental carbon refers to carbonaceous aerosols in particulate matter (PM). As a type of elemental carbon, black carbon (BC) encompasses carbonaceous aerosols in PM defined by their optical properties and BC is usually produced by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. (aaqr.org)
Temporal variations of BC, OC, and optical attenuation (ATN) values were consistent with each other in carbonaceous aerosols. (scar.ac.cn)
The temporal variations of BC, OC and ATN in carbonaceous aerosols in Ganhaizi and Mt. Yulong were totally different, probably due to elevation difference and diverse tourism activity intensity between the two sites. (scar.ac.cn)
Further study is needed to assess light absorption and radiative forcing of carbonaceous aerosols, and modeling research in combination with long-term in-situ observations of light-absorbing particulates (LAPs) in the TP is also urgently needed in future work. (scar.ac.cn)

In ammonia emission inventories, the spatial distribution of annual emissions is mostly approximated by constant empirical emission fractions, which do not account for spatial variability, nor for. (tno.nl)
Ammonia emissions to the atmosphere have a range of negative impacts on environmental quality, human health, and biodiversity. (tno.nl)
Despite the considerable efforts in quantifying spatially explicit ammonia emissions, there are significant uncertainties in ammonia emission estimates at regional scales. (tno.nl)

For combustion vehicles, the most efficient way to reduce EC emissions is by using aftertreatment systems focused on removing the PM, such as DPFs. (lu.se)
Resources need to be focused on ensuring that such systems are in place and working effectively in all combustion vehicles. (lu.se)
Decades of research about and regulations of emissions from motor vehicles and other combustion-related sources have resulted in improved urban air quality. (mightynatural.com)
It's another important non-combustion source of emissions that contributes to SOA production, among a class of sources that scientists in the field are actively working to constrain better. (mightynatural.com)
The emission factor method for calculation, combined with the activity level data of the survey, and builds the emission list of human-derived VOCs in Liaocheng City in 2020 , including solvent used source, industry processing source, vehicle of mobile source, fossil fuel fixed combustion source, biomass buruing source, storage and transportation source, waste disposal source and cooking oil fumes. (hjkxyj.org.cn)
These precursors are emitted from both combustion and non-combustion processes that include residential energy use, on- and off-road vehicles, energy generation, solvent use, industrial processes, and agricultural fertilizer application 6 . (nature.com)
While fast gas enhances vehicle performance, it also has implications for air quality due to the combustion process. (iboneolza.com)

EPA officials grudgingly admitted that there is a direct connection between gasoline aromatics, particulate matter emissions and air toxics. (transportenergystrategies.com)

A detailed chemical composition of the exhaust particulate matter (PM) was studied using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS), and secondary aerosol formation was studied using a potential aerosol mass (PAM) chamber. (vtt.fi)
2019), ATom: L2 Measurements from CU High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-AMS) , Ornl Daac , doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1716. (nasa.gov)

Christian Pfrang at the University of Reading, UK, and colleagues, studied the ozone oxidation kinetics of methyl oleate monolayers at the air-water interface using experiments designed to mimic the atmospheric degradation of aerosols formed from fatty acid surfactants and moisture droplets. (chemistryworld.com)

When the emissions were aged in an oxidation flow reactor to simulate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere, it was found that OA concentration strongly increased for all fuels. (lu.se)
It has a significant influence on the formation of O3 and secondary organic aerosol in the atmosphere. (hjkxyj.org.cn)
2008), An Eddy-Covariance System for the Measurement of Surface/Atmosphere Exchange Fluxes of Submicron Aerosol Chemical Species-First Application Above an Urban Area , Aerosol Science and Technology, 42 , 636-657, doi:10.1080/02786820802227352. (nasa.gov)
One of the main environmental impacts of amine-based carbon capture processes is the emission of the solvent into the atmosphere. (tno.nl)
Ozone is just one of a complicated mixture of oxidants that can determine how long aerosols remain in the atmosphere. (chemistryworld.com)

Laboratory studies were performed to assess the primary and secondary emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine fueled by the renewable diesel fuels HVO (hydrotreated vegetable oil) and RME (rapeseed methyl ester).The emissions were characterized by detailed particle and gas measurements. (lu.se)
From their measurements, the scientists were able to confirm, as expected, that diesel trucks were used less during weekends, while the use of gasoline vehicles remained nearly constant throughout the week. (sciencedaily.com)

For the primary gaseous compounds, an increase in total hydrocarbon emissions and a decrease in aromatic BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) compounds was observed when the amount of ethanol in the fuel increased. (vtt.fi)
The significantly reduced hydrocarbon emissions from RME also reduced the secondary aerosol formation, and thus potentially reducing the total atmospheric particle mass burden. (lu.se)

Large Contribution of Coarse Mode to Aerosol Microphysical and Optical Properties: Evidence from Ground-based Observations of a Trans-Pacific Asian Dust Outbreak at a High-Elevation North American Site. (utah.edu)

The DOC strongly reduced primary organic emissions in both the gas (THC) and particle phase (OA) and only marginally affected OA composition. (lu.se)
We also evaluated the effect of using an aftertreatment system consisting of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a diesel particle filter (DPF) on the exhaust emissions. (lu.se)
Gas to particle conversion forms so called secondary aerosols. (uni-bayreuth.de)
Recently, newly-manufactured diesel vehicles in Europe and North America were mandated to have diesel particle filters (DPFs) installed in them. (epa.news)

The committee reviewed the health benefits analyses contained in the regulatory impact assessments (RIAs) prepared for the following EPA rule-makings: (1) "Particulate Matter and Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards" (EPA 1997), (2) "Tier 2 Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards and Gasoline Sulfur Control Requirements" (EPA 1999a), and (3) "Heavy Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel Sulfur Control Requirements" (EPA 2000a). (nationalacademies.org)
Gentner says the effect of asphalt emissions on ozone formation was minimal compared to that of motor vehicles and volatile chemicals in personal care cleaning products-another key emerging source of reactive organic emissions that produces large quantities of SOA in urban areas. (mightynatural.com)

The prevention and control of VOCs depends on the accurate understanding of emission sources and emission characteristics, so as to achieve accurate emission reduction. (hjkxyj.org.cn)
The results show that the total VOCs emission in Liaocheng City in 2020 is 28434.5 t, and the solvent source emission is the largest, which is 10551.5 t, accounting for 37.1% of the total VOCs emission. (hjkxyj.org.cn)
Followed by industry processing source (6504.9T) and vehicle of mobile source (6311.1 T), accounting for 22.9% and 22.2% of the total VOCs emissions, respectively. (hjkxyj.org.cn)
From the perspective of spatial distribution, the total VOCs emissions in Chiping district and Dongchangfu District were larger, which were 6800.1 t and 6333.4 T, respectively. (hjkxyj.org.cn)
From the point of view of typical industries, motor vehicles (5748.4T), wood production and adhesive use (4586.7T), rubber and plastic products industry (2849.2T) and other VOCs emissions are large, and the characteristic components of emissions are mostly aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenic volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), and some alkenes and alkanes. (hjkxyj.org.cn)
Liaocheng city as a whole, VOCs emissions focus on areas for chiping area, dongchangfu and other county industrial park, focus on the industry for motor vehicles, timber production and adhesives, rubber and plastic products, etc., should promote the related industry as soon as possible low volatile solvent and efficient processing facilities at the end of the alternative to upgrade. (hjkxyj.org.cn)
Secondary Organic Aerosols (SOA) are formed by reaction of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), which are released by plants and trees. (uni-bayreuth.de)

A way to reduce harmful exhaust and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and secure the sources of energy is to develop technology for an efficient diesel engine operation independent of fossil fuels. (lu.se)
There is a lack of data on how renewable fuels change the semi-volatile organic fraction of exhaust emissions. (lu.se)
In order to characterize and explain the difference in exhaust emissions from fossil diesel, HVO and RME fuels, particulate matter (PM) emissions were sampled at two exhaust positions of an experimental single cylinder Scania D13 heavy-duty (HD) diesel engine: at the exhaust manifold, and after a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). (lu.se)
Source apportionment indicated that intensive exhaust emissions from tourism vehicles were the main local sources of atmospheric pollutant in the Mt. Yulong region. (scar.ac.cn)
A study examining diesel emissions control strategies based on retrofitting existing power packages with exhaust aftertreatment devices and repowering with advanced power packages. (cdc.gov)
The overall aim of this thesis was to understand the effect of introducing renewable diesel fuels and emission abatement techniques on health relevant exhaust emissions. (lu.se)
The occupational exposure to diesel exhaust from vehicles in a Swedish modern underground mine was quantified and evaluated in relation to the vehicles' level of emission reduction technology. (lu.se)
The short-term health effects of HVO exhaust from modern non-road vehicles (2019), with or without the PM fraction, were investigated in a controlled human exposure chamber study. (lu.se)
This may indicate irritative effects from exposure to HVO exhaust from modern non-road vehicles below future OELs. (lu.se)
With the development of engine technology and exhaust aftertreatment devices, HC emissions from gasoline vehicles have been dramatically reduced, and the problems caused by diesel vehicle emissions have become more prominent ( 14 ). (matthey.com)
Additionally, in 2014, Tehran introduced Euro 4 standards requiring vehicles to use diesel fuel engines with less than 50 parts per million of sulfur aimed at providing a unique after treatment technology of the exhaust such as diesel particulate filters (DPF), diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR). (topessaywriting.org)
Catalytic converters, which catalyse the reduction of NO to N 2 in exhaust gas emissions, have reduced significantly NO x emissions in cities. (rsc.org)

Identification of topographic features influencing aerosol observations at high altitude stations. (utah.edu)
To explain these observations, we calculated the expected rate of steady emissions and it showed that the rate of continued emissions was determined by the time it takes for compounds to diffuse through the highly viscous asphalt mixture," Gentner says. (mightynatural.com)

For all fuel blends, the formed secondary aerosol consisted mostly of organic compounds. (vtt.fi)
Artaxo says between 75% and 80% of the mass of nanoparticles measured in the study corresponds to organic compounds - carbon in different forms - emitted by motor vehicles. (transportenergystrategies.com)
Because of the types of compounds asphalt emits, its potential SOA formation is comparable to motor vehicle emissions in Los Angeles, the researchers say. (mightynatural.com)
Outdoor PM 2.5 mass is primarily composed of inorganic ions, carbonaceous compounds (black and organic carbon, including secondary organic aerosol), and mineral dust. (nature.com)
A low-temperature aerosol simulation chamber facility (LOTASC) has been constructed in order to investigate the aerosol-partitioning of semi-volatile compounds at low temperature (down to -25°C). This will allow simulating tropospheric photochemistry, including cirrus clouds. (uni-bayreuth.de)

The over-arching objective of Project 4 is to develop and demonstrate a comprehensive policy assessment framework that is both broad (multipollutant) and tall (from scenario specification to emissions to impacts). (epa.gov)
Impacts of increasing aridity and wildfires on aerosol loading in the intermountain Western US. (utah.edu)

The secondary-to-primary PM ratios were 13.4 and 1.5 for E10 and E85, respectively. (vtt.fi)
The ratios of OC/BC in monsoon season were significantly higher than in non-monsoon in aerosols from Ganhaizi, which is closely related to the formation of secondary organic carbon (SOC) and extensive motor vehicle emissions from tourism activities. (scar.ac.cn)

Similarly, a clear decrease in secondary aerosol formation potential was observed with a larger contribution of ethanol in the fuel. (vtt.fi)
Likewise, the relative contribution of emissions from gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles to the formation of SOA is generally unresolved. (copernicus.org)
We needed to do the study in a location where we could separate the contribution from vehicles from that of natural emissions from vegetation," Bahreini said. (sciencedaily.com)
Experts said even with stubble contribution reducing marginally, Delhi still had its local sources to deal with, which will keep background emissions high. (hindustantimes.com)

The fuel change also reduced the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions, particularly from RME. (lu.se)

lt;p>When road asphalt was exposed to both solar radiation and heat, to mimic outdoor summer conditions, the researchers found a 300 percent increase in emissions. (planetizen.com)
The increase in emissions at lower temperatures is related to a more pronounced cold-start effect. (epa.news)

To construct the 2010 inventory, EPA first generated a 1990 emissions inventory using source-specific emissions factors and activity levels, such as fuel consumed by electric utilities or miles traveled by motor vehicles. (nationalacademies.org)
Due to its myriad of sources and complex formation chemistry, both the total mass and chemical constituents of PM 2.5 depend on local environmental conditions, dominant sources, and the magnitude of those source-specific emissions. (nature.com)

For E100, a slight decrease in PM mass was observed after the PAM chamber, indicating that the PM produced by secondary aerosol formation was less than the PM lost through wall losses or the degradation of the primary organic aerosol (POA) in the chamber. (vtt.fi)
Carbonaceous PM comprises primary organic aerosol (POA), secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and black carbon, all of which can cause lung cancer. (epa.news)

Gren L. Renewable diesel fuels and emission control strategies Implications for occupational exposure, human health, and the environment [Internet]. (thorasys.com)
The emissions from fast gas-powered vehicles have serious health implications for both drivers and the general public. (iboneolza.com)

Validation for atmospheric elemental carbon aerosol. (scar.ac.cn)
A study investigating the use of mid-infrared spectrometry as a field-portable, real-time method for measuring elemental and organic carbons in diesel particulate matter aerosols. (cdc.gov)

The effect of organic acid aerosol on sulfur chemistry and cloud properties was investigated in an atmospheric model. (copernicus.org)
Markus Ammann , an aerosol chemistry expert at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland, believes the air-water interface is a more realistic model for studying surface chemistry. (chemistryworld.com)

2016. Measurement and analysis of black carbon aerosols over a tropical semi-arid station in Kadapa, India. (scar.ac.cn)

The radionuclides 7 Be and 10 Be are useful aerosol tracers for atmospheric studies. (copernicus.org)
We demonstrate that reduced uncertainties in the production rates can improve the utility of 7 Be and 10 Be as aerosol tracers for evaluating and testing transport and scavenging processes in global models. (copernicus.org)

They also conceded that direct injection could make those emissions worse unless gasoline composition was significantly improved… EPA acknowledged that higher-octane ethanol splash-blends would reduce particulate-bound toxic emissions. (transportenergystrategies.com)

However, most of these studies mainly focused on gasoline vehicles due to the higher HC emissions compared to diesel vehicles ( 11 - 13 ). (matthey.com)
Therefore, the HC emission limits have been set to the same level for both gasoline vehicles and light-duty diesel vehicles in the latest China VI standards. (matthey.com)

A primary focus of this research is to examine differences in technology trajectories that could be used to efficiently meet future air-quality regulations, climate emissions regulations, as well as both air-quality and climate regulations in tandem. (epa.gov)
The purpose of this work is to assess the efficiency of regulating emissions homogeneously as is done currently in the United States and compare this status quo to a set of regulations that vary according to the magnitude of damage caused by the emission of a specific species in a specific location. (epa.gov)
Through collective efforts, including the adoption of cleaner technologies, more efficient transportation systems, and stringent emission regulations, we can mitigate the negative effects of fast gas and pave the way towards cleaner air and improved public health. (iboneolza.com)
Such old cars do not meet the updated emission regulations in the town. (topessaywriting.org)

Rising vehicle and industrial emissions plaguing ever-expanding metropolitan centers carry over into adjoining domestic interior environments lacking proper air purification or ventilation safeguards. (reportsnreports.com)

Renewable diesel fuels have been developed and introduced to the market to reduce the net CO2 emissions. (lu.se)
The bottom line, according to HEI, is that the issues are complex and there is "an important need to better understand the impact of fuel composition - including ethanol blending, and technology - on PM, air toxics, and other emissions, taking into account the various fuels, vehicle and engine parameters. (transportenergystrategies.com)

On top of that, most of the vehicles use carburetor engines that emit significant poisonous gases into the air since they use more fuel in a less efficient in fuel use. (topessaywriting.org)

Biomass-burning emissions released from South Asia could penetrate into the inland of the TP under the transport of summer monsoon. (scar.ac.cn)

Researchers] observed that asphalt emissions doubled when the temperature increased from 40C to 60C - levels the material often reaches in summer," reports Rhi Storer. (planetizen.com)

Calls are being made for Austria to take more measures for more clean mobility in order to reduce harmful traffic emissions in the long term. (iqair.com)

His interests extend from source emissions, through atmospheric chemical and physical transformations, to human exposures and effects upon health. (wikipedia.org)

Hygroscopic growth of water soluble organic carbon isolated from atmospheric aerosol collected at US national parks and Storm Peak Laboratory. (utah.edu)

The next step should be to focus on gasoline or removing old diesel vehicles from the road. (epa.news)
Modern diesel vehicles have adopted new standards and are now very clean, so attention needs to now turn to regulating on-road and off-road gasoline engines more. (epa.news)
Texas, California, and Florida have the highest total numbers of diesel vehicles in the United States. (epa.news)
The fastest-growth states for diesel vehicles were in New England: Vermont, with an increase of 35.6 percent in 2016 as compared with the previous year, followed by Maine, and then New Hampshire. (epa.news)
North Carolina has the largest year-over-year growth for all diesel vehicles, up nine percent, followed by Georgia, and then Utah. (epa.news)

Chemicals and Drugs6

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