Secondary sulfate aerosols haze aerosols. Medical search. Frequent questions

Our finding challenges the current understanding of the formation mechanism of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol and demonstrates a strong impact of particle-phase chemistry on the fate and climate effect of soot and combustion-related organic aerosols (e.g., from wildfires and fossil fuel combustions). (mpic.de)
The inventory included estimates for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), secondary organic aerosols, PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and ammonia (NH 3 ). (nationalacademies.org)
Most emitted air pollution can lead to the formation of secondary pollutants (e.g., tropospheric ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate), secondary organic aerosols, and photochemical smog [ 6 , 7 ], which is the major cause of a sharp decrease in air quality in numerous regions around the world [ 8 - 10 ]. (nso-journal.org)

Given the ubiquitous existence of chloride, nitrate, and acidic aerosols, we propose that nitrate photolysis is a significant daytime chlorine source globally. (nature.com)
We propose that nitrate photolysis at high aerosol acidity is an important pathway for activating inert chloride to produce photoliable Cl 2 during daytime in the polluted troposphere. (nature.com)
The nitrate to sulfate ratio tended to increase with increasing temperature as well. (sagepub.com)
The different patterns were identified as the dominant driver of the larger nitrate to sulfate ratios measured at higher concentrations of fine particulate matter. (sagepub.com)
Size-resolved chemical composition of submicron aerosol from a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer showed that the mass concentrations of organic, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and chlorine mainly resided on particles between 500 and 800 nm (vacuum diameter), and nitrate and ammonium contributed greatly to particle growth during the heavily polluted day (28 January). (copernicus.org)
Light-scattering apportionment showed that organic, sulfate, ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride compounds contributed to light-scattering fractions of 54, 24, 12 and 10%, respectively. (copernicus.org)
Our investigations demonstrate that the increased inorganic fraction in the aerosol particles is a key component in the frequently occurring haze days during the study period, and particularly the reduction of nitrate, sulfate and their precursor gases would contribute towards better visibility in China. (copernicus.org)
The goal is to convert sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to ammonium sulfate and nitrate that can be sold as a fertilizer. (chemistrysources.com)
Dry deposition from Sahara sources regions of western Africa containing compounds such as sulphate, nitrate, or radioactive substances has been studied worldwide over the last 30 years, and there remains a discrepancy between both measurement results and model predictions. (hindawi.com)

The composition and toxicity of aerosols, including particles, depends on their source and atmospheric chemistry and varies widely. (wikipedia.org)
Some secondary particles derive from the oxidation of primary gases such as sulfur and nitrogen oxides into sulfuric acid (liquid) and nitric acid (gaseous) or from biogenic emissions. (wikipedia.org)
The evolution of physical, chemical and optical properties of urban aerosol particles was characterized during an extreme haze episode in Beijing, PRC, from 24 through 31 January 2013 based on in situ measurements. (copernicus.org)
Increasing relative humidity and stable synoptic conditions on 28 January combined with heavy pollution on 28 January, leading to enhanced water uptake by the hygroscopic submicron particles and formation of secondary aerosol, which might be the main reasons for the severity of the haze episode. (copernicus.org)
Real-time mass spectra of the non-refractory species in submicron aerosol particles were recorded in a tropical rainforest in the central Amazon Basin during the wet season from February to March 2008, as a part of the Amazonian Aerosol Characterization Experiment (AMAZE08). (nasa.gov)
Aerosols are formed by the conversion of gases to particles, the disintegration of liquids or solids, or the resuspension of powdered material. (chemistrysources.com)
Aerosol formation from a gas results in much finer particles than disintegration processes ( except when condensation takes place directly on existing large particles). (chemistrysources.com)
Aerosol particles range in size from molecular clusters on the order of 1 nanometer to 100 micrometers. (chemistrysources.com)
The effects of the atmospheric aerosol are largely determined by the size and chemical composition of the individual particles and their morphology (shape or fractal character). (chemistrysources.com)
Aerosol processes are used routinely in the manufacture of fine particles. (chemistrysources.com)
Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and other chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols showed that newly formed aerosol particles were produced in the SO2 plume from a large coal-fired power plant, contrary to normal conditions of heavy pollution. (authorea.com)
The sulfate-rich particles had high CCN activity and number concentration, indicating high cloud-forming potential. (authorea.com)
Ammonia (NH3) is a key precursor of haze particles and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its spatiotemporal variabilities are poorly constrained. (noaa.gov)
Chapter 1 Aerosols Tiny suspended solid particles ( dust , smoke , etc.) or liquid droplets that enter the atmosphere from either natural or human (anthropogenic) sources, such as the burning of fossil fuels. (docslib.org)

The precursors for these aerosols-i.e. the gases from which they originate-may have an anthropogenic origin (from biomass and fossil fuel combustion) as well as a natural biogenic origin. (wikipedia.org)
Satellite observation of aerosol precursors of NO 2 and SO 2 showed increased concentrations during the study period. (copernicus.org)
A fourth factor, labeled "OOA-3," was consistent with an association with the fresh production of secondary organic material (SOM) by the mechanism of gasphase oxidation of biogenic volatile organic precursors followed by gas-to-particle conversion of the oxidation products. (nasa.gov)
Aerosol reaction engineering refers to the design of such processes, with the goal of relat-ing product properties to the properties of the aerosol precursors and the process conditions. (chemistrysources.com)
They can have effects both directly and as precursors of secondary air pollutants. (ispatguru.com)
Driven by explicit volcanic emissions of aerosol precursors and non-volcanic sources, we conduct ESM4.1 simulations from 1989 to 2014, with a focus on the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. (noaa.gov)

This study indicated that the organic component in submicron aerosol played an important role in visibility degradation during the haze episode in Beijing. (copernicus.org)

The term aerosol commonly refers to the particulate/air mixture, as opposed to the particulate matter alone. (wikipedia.org)
Aerosols of sulfuric acid and other sulfates make up 5- 20% of total suspended particulate matter in urban air. (soilworks.com)
Organic aerosol (OA) is a major component of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere and strongly influences air quality, climate, and human health. (mpic.de)
2021). Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter that is smaller than 2.5 (PM 2.5 ) has dominated as one of the main air pollutants during the haze events. (copernicus.org)
In addition to SO 2 , CAMS provides information on particulate matter in the atmosphere, both in terms of the concentration and in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). (copernicus.eu)

Integration of field observation and air quality modeling to characterize Beijing aerosol in different seasons. (sagepub.com)
Zirui Liu combines subjects such as Contribution function and Haze pollution with his study of Beijing. (research.com)
Our in situ measurement of aerosol chemical composition in Beijing also confirmed increased contribution of inorganic aerosol fraction as a function of the increased particle pollution level. (copernicus.org)
APEC blue':Secondary aerosol reductions from emission controls in Beijing[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:20668. (kjdb.org)
This paper investigates how to refine the ground meteorological observation network to greatly improve the PM 2.5 concentration forecasts by identifying sensitive areas for targeted observations that are associated with a total of 48 forecasts in eight heavy haze events during the years of 2016-2018 over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. (copernicus.org)
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (BTH region), being one of the most prosperous and populated regions in China, has suffered from successive heavy haze events during the past several decades (Xiao et al. (copernicus.org)
Ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observation was carried out from November 2016 to February 2017 in Beijing, China, to measure the O 4 absorptions in UV and visible bands and further to illustrate its relationship with aerosol optical properties (AOPs) under different weather types. (copernicus.org)

1973. Atmospheric sulfur dioxide and sulfate: distribution of concentrations at urban and non-urban sites in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Atmospheric modeling shows that transport of the export-related Chinese pollution contributed 3-10% of annual mean surface sulfate concentrations and 0.5-1.5% of ozone over the western United States in 2006. (pku-atmos-acm.org)
On a daily basis, the export-related Chinese pollution contributed, at a maximum, 12-24% of sulfate concentrations over the western United States. (pku-atmos-acm.org)
The crucial factor was that the eruption was almost continuous for over 8 months which lead to significantly elevated sulphate concentrations for that whole time over much of the Atlantic and European regions, even though stratospheric concentrations were likely not particularly exceptional. (realclimate.org)

The atmospheric aerosol consists of material emitted directly from sources (primary component) and material formed by gas-to-particle conversion in the atmosphere (sec-ondary component). (chemistrysources.com)
For many applications, the aerosol can be characterized sufficiently by measuring the particle size distribution function and the average distribution of chemical components with respect to particle size. (chemistrysources.com)
Aerosol optical properties depend on particle size distribution and refractive index, and the wavelength of the light. (chemistrysources.com)
An online-coupled unified air quality forecasting model system, which is being developed, is presented and needed are improvements in the parameterization of stable atmospheric boundary layer, new particle formation and subsequent growth processes, formation of secondary organic and inorganic aerosols, pollutant source apportionment technology, an adaptive gridding air quality model, and optimization of initial conditions and dynamic retrieval of pollutant emissions in an online-coupled unified air quality forecasting model. (adearth.ac.cn)
The aerosol properties depended strongly on the PBL height, and a simple power-law fit could parameterize the observed correlations of PM1 mass, aerosol particle number, and CCN number with PBL height, indicating PBL induced changes in aerosol accumulation. (authorea.com)
Dry deposition is caused by impaction when an aerosol particle transported by the flow towards an obstacle cannot, when its inertia is too large, follow the flow deviation in the vicinity of the obstacle. (hindawi.com)

Urban heat islands in China enhanced by haze pollution[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7:12509. (kjdb.org)
Effect of heavy haze and aerosol pollution on rice and wheat productions in China[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:29612. (kjdb.org)
2020). Despite large reductions in primary pollutant emissions due to the recent strict pollution control policies in China, heavy haze events have still occurred in recent years, even during the COVID-19 lockdown period (Huang et al. (copernicus.org)
Our findings re-emphasize that high aerosol mass resulting from intense pollution is vital in modulating aerosol-climate interaction under favorable meteorological conditions. (authorea.com)
As the United States outsourced manufacturing to China, sulfate pollution in 2006 increased in the western United States but decreased in the eastern United States, reflecting the competing effect between enhanced transport of Chinese pollution and reduced US emissions. (pku-atmos-acm.org)
In addition, the replacement, cleaning, and disposal of adsorbent materials are costly processes and may cause secondary pollution. (nso-journal.org)

There was insufficient ammonium to neutralize sulfate. (nasa.gov)

Microplastics (gaining attention as a type of airborne PM). In 2010 it was estimated that human-made (anthropogenic) aerosols account for about 10 percent of the total mass of aerosols in the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
Contributions to the atmospheric aerosol come from both natural and anthropogenic sources. (chemistrysources.com)
The chemical composition of the atmospheric aerosol can be used to resolve its sources, natural or anthropogenic, by a method based on chemical sig-natures. (chemistrysources.com)
Rapid growth and high cloud forming potential of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol during. (authorea.com)

Sensitivity of precipitation extremes to radiative forcing of greenhouse gases and aerosols[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2016, 43:9860-9868. (kjdb.org)
To date, measurements of aerosol-water vapour interactions, especially cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity, are limited in the Indian sub-continent, causing large uncertainties in the radiative forcing estimates of aerosol-cloud interactions. (authorea.com)
Further study is needed to assess light absorption and radiative forcing of carbonaceous aerosols, and modeling research in combination with long-term in-situ observations of light-absorbing particulates (LAPs) in the TP is also urgently needed in future work. (scar.ac.cn)

For haze or heavy-haze days, the correlation slope is less than 0.6, with an R 2 less than 0.8, and O 4 DSCDs mainly less than 1.3×10 43 molec. (copernicus.org)

There is evidence that the stratospheric aerosol is significant in ozone destruction. (chemistrysources.com)
We evaluate our interactive representation of the stratospheric sulfur cycle against data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder, and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II. (noaa.gov)

Temporal variations of BC, OC, and optical attenuation (ATN) values were consistent with each other in carbonaceous aerosols. (scar.ac.cn)
The temporal variations of BC, OC and ATN in carbonaceous aerosols in Ganhaizi and Mt. Yulong were totally different, probably due to elevation difference and diverse tourism activity intensity between the two sites. (scar.ac.cn)
Outdoor PM 2.5 mass is primarily composed of inorganic ions, carbonaceous compounds (black and organic carbon, including secondary organic aerosol), and mineral dust. (nature.com)

Persistent sulfate formation from London fog to Chinese haze[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016, 113(48):13630-13635. (kjdb.org)
Global climate forcing of aerosols embodied in international trade[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2016, 9:790-794. (kjdb.org)
Unexpected benefits of reducing aerosol cooling effects[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016, 50(14):7527-7534. (kjdb.org)
2016. Measurement and analysis of black carbon aerosols over a tropical semi-arid station in Kadapa, India. (scar.ac.cn)

His Aerosol study introduces a deeper knowledge of Meteorology. (research.com)

Research is focused on studying synergetic aerosol chemistry, physics and cloud processes. (universityofgalway.ie)
100 m) indicated the influence of the PBL on aerosol aging processes. (authorea.com)
To assess the key processes associated with volcanic aerosols, we performed a sensitivity analysis of sulfate burden from the Mt. Pinatubo eruption by varying injection heights, emission amount, and stratospheric sulfate's dry effective radius. (noaa.gov)

Is the climate warming of black carbon (BC) significantly enhanced when it is coated by other aerosol components? (mpic.de)
Jurgita is responsible for the Aerosol Mass Spectrometry measurements at Mace Head and her main area of expertise is in the application of aerosol mass spectrometry techniques to elucidating the production, nature, dispersion and impacts of aerosol on climate and air quality. (universityofgalway.ie)
Atmospheric aerosols influence climate di-rectly and indirectly. (chemistrysources.com)
Because most sensitive regime of aerosol climate forcing on cloud development is the midpoint of relatively clean conditions afforded by the Covid lockdown between background and polluted conditions. (authorea.com)
To quantify volcanic contributions to the stratospheric sulfur cycle and the resulting climate impact, we modified ESM4.1 to simulate stratospheric sulfate aerosols prognostically. (noaa.gov)

Further analysis coupling WRF-Chem simulation with ISORROPIA2.1 revealed significant spatial heterogeneity in ALWC over India, strongly associating with regions of high aerosol loading and RH. (authorea.com)

Validation for atmospheric elemental carbon aerosol. (scar.ac.cn)

In contrast, aerosol properties did not depend strongly on air mass origins or wind direction, implying that the observed aerosol and CCN are from local emissions. (authorea.com)
The ratios of OC/BC in monsoon season were significantly higher than in non-monsoon in aerosols from Ganhaizi, which is closely related to the formation of secondary organic carbon (SOC) and extensive motor vehicle emissions from tourism activities. (scar.ac.cn)

Typically, higher inorganic mass fractions lead to increased aerosol water uptake and light-scattering ability in elevated relative humidity. (copernicus.org)

His Haze research integrates issues from Equivalent potential temperature, Atmosphere and Confidence interval. (research.com)
His Aerosol research integrates issues from Inorganic chemistry, Total organic carbon, Mineralogy and Arctic. (research.com)

His Haze research includes elements of Mineral dust, Atmosphere and Air mass. (research.com)
His work deals with themes such as Atmosphere and Weather Research and Forecasting Model, which intersect with Haze. (research.com)
His Haze study incorporates themes from Atmosphere and Atmospheric sciences, Weather Research and Forecasting Model. (research.com)
Primary pollutants can be transformed in the lower atmosphere by solar radiation and heat or by chemical action in the atmosphere into secondary pollutants, such as O3 and other photochemical pollutants or acid rain. (ispatguru.com)

Here we take a look the primary and secondary air pollutants responsible for these combustion and photochemical smogs. (rsc.org)
Over the past century, the major primary pollutants in cities have been SO 2 , NO x (NO and NO 2 ), CO, VOCs (volatile organic compounds such as alkanes, alkenes and ethers) and primary aerosols. (rsc.org)
Air pollutants (Fig 1) can be classified as either (i) primary air pollutants, or (ii) secondary air pollutants. (ispatguru.com)
The major primary and secondary air pollutants are described below. (ispatguru.com)

Enhanced sulfate formation was observed at high relative humidity (RH), with the same threshold RH (80%) for both colder and warmer measurement periods. (sagepub.com)

Sulfur-containing fossil fuels, such as coal , produce sulfate aerosols. (docslib.org)

In addition, sea spray aerosols may contain organic compounds like fatty acids and sugars, which influence their chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
Atmospheric aerosols and aerosols emitted from industrial sources are normally composed of mixtures of chemical compounds. (chemistrysources.com)

The concepts of his Aerosol study are interwoven with issues in Environmental chemistry, Linear regression function and Relative humidity. (research.com)
His study looks at the relationship between Aerosol and fields such as Relative humidity, as well as how they intersect with chemical problems. (research.com)
However, the complex dependency of ALWC on aerosol chemistry and relative humidity (RH) in the Indian region remains poorly characterized. (authorea.com)

His primary areas of investigation include Aerosol, Sulfate, Environmental science, Sea spray and Soot. (research.com)

Aerosol Liquid Water Content (ALWC), a ubiquitous component of atmospheric aerosols, contributes to total aerosol mass burden, modulating atmospheric chemistry through aerosol surface reactions and reducing atmospheric visibility. (authorea.com)

We find that the simulated stratospheric sulfate mass burden and aerosol optical depth in the model are sensitive to these parameters, especially volcanic SO2 injection height, and the optimal combination of parameters depends on the metric we evaluate. (noaa.gov)
Time-averaged aerosol optical depth (AOD) at the wavelength of 550 nm in Mt. Yulong was higher than that of the inland of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). (scar.ac.cn)

A third factor, labeled "OOA-2," was implicated as associated with the reactive uptake of isoprene oxidation products, especially of epoxydiols to acidic haze, fog, or cloud droplets. (nasa.gov)

O3 is a secondary, not a primary pollutant. (soilworks.com)

The fac-tors modulating ALWC are primarily dependent on the RH, such that the effect of aerosol dry mass and hygroscopicity are significant at high RH while the effect of hygroscopicity loses its significance as RH is lowered. (authorea.com)

aerosol reactors are operated using high-energy electron beams to irradiate flue gases from fossil fuel combustion. (chemistrysources.com)
Hydrogen is not directly a greenhouse gas, but its chemical reactions change the abundances of the greenhouse gases methane, ozone, and stratospheric water vapor, as well as aerosols. (noaa.gov)

1989. Furnace-generated acid aerosols: Speculation and pulmonary effects. (cdc.gov)

His work on Total organic carbon as part of general Environmental chemistry study is frequently linked to Sulfate, NOx and Coal combustion products, bridging the gap between disciplines. (research.com)

He, Kebin 2021-05-30 00:00:00 Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) was investigated during a six-month long heating season in Harbin, China. (sagepub.com)
Therefore, the sulfate formation was considered inefficient in this study. (sagepub.com)
Atmospheric photosensitization: a new pathway for sulfate formation. (sagepub.com)
The detailed formation mechanism of an increased number of haze events in China is still not very clear. (copernicus.org)

The Arctic haze study combines topics in areas such as Environmental chemistry and Chemical composition. (research.com)
The secondary component is usually the result of chemical re-actions which take place in either the gas or aerosol phases. (chemistrysources.com)
There is much uncertainty concerning the chemical com-ponents of the atmospheric aerosol that produce adverse health effects detected in epidemiological studies. (chemistrysources.com)
Here, we combine available measurements of aerosol chemical composition with thermodynamic model ISORROPIA2.1 to reveal a comprehensive picture of ALWC in fine mode aerosols during the winter season in the Indian region. (authorea.com)
Chemical conversion of SO 2 into sulphate aerosol is included in the CAMS model and CAMS analyses of AOD for this period revealed a transport of sulphate aerosol in conjunction with total column SO 2 . (copernicus.eu)

His scientific interests lie mostly in Aerosol, Environmental science, Mineralogy, Atmospheric sciences and Analytical chemistry. (research.com)
His work carried out in the field of Aerosol brings together such families of science as Precipitation and Analytical chemistry. (research.com)

His studies in Total organic carbon integrate themes in fields like Aerosol composition and Sea ice, Oceanography, Lead. (research.com)

Transport of Saharan dust across the Atlantic coincident with the volcanic plume resulted in reports of haze and poor air quality in Puerto Rico and other parts of the Caribbean between 8th and 10th October with visibility being down to five miles or less. (copernicus.eu)

Op-tical fibers are fabricated by an aerosol process in which a combustion-generated silica fume is deposited on the inside walls of a quartz tube a few centimeters in diameter, along with suitable dopant aerosols to control refractive index. (chemistrysources.com)

Ryan C. Moffet mainly focuses on Aerosol, Environmental science, Atmospheric sciences, Sea spray and Mineralogy. (research.com)

The analysis includes PBL modelling, backward trajectories, and fire spots to elucidate the influence of PBL and air mass origins on the aerosols. (authorea.com)

In each case, the eruption was so strong that significant amounts of sulphur dioxide (which gets converted to sulphate aerosols) were carried up into the stratosphere (12 to 15 km above the ground). (realclimate.org)
The atmospheric component of the GFDL Earth System Model (ESM4.1) uses a bulk aerosol scheme and previously prescribed the distribution of aerosol optical properties in the stratosphere. (noaa.gov)

Effects of the atmospheric aerosol on human health have led to the establishment of ambient air-quality standards by the United States and other industrialized nations. (chemistrysources.com)
Complex interplay between organic and secondary inorganic aerosols with ambient relat. (authorea.com)

The contribution of SO 4 2- from industry and power plant is only about 5%~15% which is possibly underestimated due to under-predicted sulfate by the model. (zghjkx.com.cn)

Anatomy15

Organisms12

Diseases25

Chemicals and Drugs98

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment50

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations6

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture13

Information Science5

Health Care22

Organic aerosols3

Nitrate9

Particles14

Precursors6

Submicron aerosol1

Particulate matter5

Beijing7

Concentrations4

Particle6

Pollution6

Ammonium1

Anthropogenic4

Radiative3

Heavy haze1

Stratospheric aerosol2

Carbonaceous3

20164

Meteorology1

Processes3

Climate5

High aerosol1

Carbon aerosol1

Emissions2

Inorganic mass fractions1

Research integrates issues2

Atmosphere4

Pollutants4

Measurement1

Sulfur1

Compounds2

Relative humidity3

Soot1

Contributes1

Optical Depth2

Acidic1

Pollutant1

Hygroscopicity1

Gases2

19891

Coal1

Formation4

Chemical5

Chemistry2

Composition1

Volcanic1

Combustion1

Environmental1

Mass1

Stratosphere2

Ambient2

Contribution1